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Sarpangala N, Randell B, Gopinathan A, Kogan O. Tunable intracellular transport on converging microtubule morphologies. BIOPHYSICAL REPORTS 2024; 4:100171. [PMID: 38996867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpr.2024.100171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
A common type of cytoskeletal morphology involves multiple microtubules converging with their minus ends at the microtubule organizing center (MTOC). The cargo-motor complex will experience ballistic transport when bound to microtubules or diffusive transport when unbound. This machinery allows for sequestering and subsequent dispersal of dynein-transported cargo. The general principles governing dynamics, efficiency, and tunability of such transport in the MTOC vicinity are not fully understood. To address this, we develop a one-dimensional model that includes advective transport toward an attractor (such as the MTOC) and diffusive transport that allows particles to reach absorbing boundaries (such as cellular membranes). We calculated the mean first passage time (MFPT) for cargo to reach the boundaries as a measure of the effectiveness of sequestering (large MFPT) and diffusive dispersal (low MFPT). We show that the MFPT experiences a dramatic growth, transitioning from a low to high MFPT regime (dispersal to sequestering) over a window of cargo on-/off-rates that is close to in vivo values. Furthermore, increasing either the on-rate (attachment) or off-rate (detachment) can result in optimal dispersal when the attractor is placed asymmetrically. Finally, we also describe a regime of rare events where the MFPT scales exponentially with motor velocity and the escape location becomes exponentially sensitive to the attractor positioning. Our results suggest that structures such as the MTOC allow for the sensitive control of the spatial and temporal features of transport and corresponding function under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brooke Randell
- University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California
| | | | - Oleg Kogan
- Queens College of CUNY, Queens, New York.
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Rivera Alvarez J, Asselin L, Tilly P, Benoit R, Batisse C, Richert L, Batisse J, Morlet B, Levet F, Schwaller N, Mély Y, Ruff M, Reymann AC, Godin JD. The kinesin Kif21b regulates radial migration of cortical projection neurons through a non-canonical function on actin cytoskeleton. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112744. [PMID: 37418324 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Completion of neuronal migration is critical for brain development. Kif21b is a plus-end-directed kinesin motor protein that promotes intracellular transport and controls microtubule dynamics in neurons. Here we report a physiological function of Kif21b during radial migration of projection neurons in the mouse developing cortex. In vivo analysis in mouse and live imaging on cultured slices demonstrate that Kif21b regulates the radial glia-guided locomotion of newborn neurons independently of its motility on microtubules. We show that Kif21b directly binds and regulates the actin cytoskeleton both in vitro and in vivo in migratory neurons. We establish that Kif21b-mediated regulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics influences branching and nucleokinesis during neuronal locomotion. Altogether, our results reveal atypical roles of Kif21b on the actin cytoskeleton during migration of cortical projection neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Rivera Alvarez
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Laure Asselin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Peggy Tilly
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Roxane Benoit
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Claire Batisse
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Ludovic Richert
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7021, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Julien Batisse
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Bastien Morlet
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Florian Levet
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5297, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, 33000 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UAR 3420, US 4, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Noémie Schwaller
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Yves Mély
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7021, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Marc Ruff
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne-Cécile Reymann
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Juliette D Godin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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Gromova KV, Thies E, Janiesch PC, Lützenkirchen FP, Zhu Y, Stajano D, Dürst CD, Schweizer M, Konietzny A, Mikhaylova M, Gee CE, Kneussel M. The kinesin Kif21b binds myosin Va and mediates changes in actin dynamics underlying homeostatic synaptic downscaling. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112743. [PMID: 37418322 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic synaptic plasticity adjusts the strength of synapses to restrain neuronal activity within a physiological range. Postsynaptic guanylate kinase-associated protein (GKAP) controls the bidirectional synaptic scaling of AMPA receptors (AMPARs); however, mechanisms by which chronic activity triggers cytoskeletal remodeling to downscale synaptic transmission are barely understood. Here, we report that the microtubule-dependent kinesin motor Kif21b binds GKAP and likewise is located in dendritic spines in a myosin Va- and neuronal-activity-dependent manner. Kif21b depletion unexpectedly alters actin dynamics in spines, and adaptation of actin turnover following chronic activity is lost in Kif21b-knockout neurons. Consistent with a role of the kinesin in regulating actin dynamics, Kif21b overexpression promotes actin polymerization. Moreover, Kif21b controls GKAP removal from spines and the decrease of GluA2-containing AMPARs from the neuronal surface, thereby inducing homeostatic synaptic downscaling. Our data highlight a critical role of Kif21b at the synaptic actin cytoskeleton underlying homeostatic scaling of neuronal firing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira V Gromova
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Edda Thies
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philipp C Janiesch
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix P Lützenkirchen
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yipeng Zhu
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniele Stajano
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Céline D Dürst
- Department of Synaptic Physiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Schweizer
- Core Facility Morphology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anja Konietzny
- RG Neuronal Protein Transport, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marina Mikhaylova
- RG Neuronal Protein Transport, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; RG Optobiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine E Gee
- Department of Synaptic Physiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kneussel
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; Hamburg Center of Neuroscience, HCNS, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
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Ganchala D, Pinto-Benito D, Baides E, Ruiz-Palmero I, Grassi D, Arevalo MA. Kif21B mediates the effect of estradiol on the morphological plasticity of mouse hippocampal neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1143024. [PMID: 37078090 PMCID: PMC10106616 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1143024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionNeurons are polarized cells, and their ability to change their morphology has a functional implication in the development and plasticity of the nervous system in order to establish new connections. Extracellular factors strongly influence neuronal shape and connectivity. For instance, the developmental actions of estradiol on hippocampal neurons are well characterized, and we have demonstrated in previous studies that Ngn3 mediates these actions. On the other hand, Kif21B regulates microtubule dynamics and carries out retrograde transport of the TrkB/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) complex, essential for neuronal development.MethodsIn the present study, we assessed the involvement of kinesin Kif21B in the estradiol-dependent signaling mechanisms to regulate neuritogenesis through cultured mouse hippocampal neurons.ResultsWe show that estradiol treatment increases BDNF expression, and estradiol and BDNF modify neuron morphology through TrkB signaling. Treatment with K252a, a TrkB inhibitor, decreases dendrite branching without affecting axonal length, whereas. Combined with estradiol or BDNF, it blocks their effects on axons but not dendrites. Notably, the downregulation of Kif21B abolishes the actions of estradiol and BDNF in both the axon and dendrites. In addition, Kif21B silencing also decreases Ngn3 expression, and downregulation of Ngn3 blocks the effect of BDNF on neuron morphology.DiscussionThese results suggest that Kif21B is required for the effects of estradiol and BDNF on neuronal morphology, but phosphorylation-mediated activation of TrkB is essential only for axonal growth. Our results show that the Estradiol/BDNF/TrkB/Kif21B/Ngn3 is a new and essential pathway mediating hippocampal neuron development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Pinto-Benito
- Instituto Cajal (IC), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Ruiz-Palmero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Proteómica, Instituto Biosanitario de Granada-IBS, Fundación Para la Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental—Alejandro Otero (FIBAO), Antiguo Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Unidad de Apoyo a la Investigación (UNAI), Granada, Spain
| | - Daniela Grassi
- Instituto Cajal (IC), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Arevalo
- Instituto Cajal (IC), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Maria Angeles Arevalo,
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Iwanski MK, Kapitein LC. Cellular cartography: Towards an atlas of the neuronal microtubule cytoskeleton. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1052245. [PMID: 37035244 PMCID: PMC10073685 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1052245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules, one of the major components of the cytoskeleton, play a crucial role during many aspects of neuronal development and function, such as neuronal polarization and axon outgrowth. Consequently, the microtubule cytoskeleton has been implicated in many neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. The polar nature of microtubules is quintessential for their function, allowing them to serve as tracks for long-distance, directed intracellular transport by kinesin and dynein motors. Most of these motors move exclusively towards either the plus- or minus-end of a microtubule and some have been shown to have a preference for either dynamic or stable microtubules, those bearing a particular post-translational modification or those decorated by a specific microtubule-associated protein. Thus, it becomes important to consider the interplay of these features and their combinatorial effects on transport, as well as how different types of microtubules are organized in the cell. Here, we discuss microtubule subsets in terms of tubulin isotypes, tubulin post-translational modifications, microtubule-associated proteins, microtubule stability or dynamicity, and microtubule orientation. We highlight techniques used to study these features of the microtubule cytoskeleton and, using the information from these studies, try to define the composition, role, and organization of some of these subsets in neurons.
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Yap CC, Digilio L, McMahon LP, Wang T, Winckler B. Dynein Is Required for Rab7-Dependent Endosome Maturation, Retrograde Dendritic Transport, and Degradation. J Neurosci 2022; 42:4415-4434. [PMID: 35474277 PMCID: PMC9172292 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2530-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In all cell types, endocytosed cargo is transported along a set of endosomal compartments, which are linked maturationally from early endosomes (EEs) via late endosomes (LEs) to lysosomes. Lysosomes are critical for degradation of proteins that enter through endocytic as well as autophagic pathways. Rab7 is the master regulator of early-to-late endosome maturation, motility, and fusion with lysosomes. We previously showed that most degradative lysosomes are localized in the soma and in the first 25 µm of the dendrite and that bulk degradation of dendritic membrane proteins occurs in/near the soma. Dendritic late endosomes therefore move retrogradely in a Rab7-dependent manner for fusion with somatic lysosomes. We now used cultured E18 rat hippocampal neurons of both sexes to determine which microtubule motor is responsible for degradative flux of late endosomes. Based on multiple approaches (inhibiting dynein/dynactin itself or inhibiting dynein recruitment to endosomes by expressing the C-terminus of the Rab7 effector, RILP), we now demonstrate that net retrograde flux of late endosomes in dendrites is supported by dynein. Inhibition of dynein also delays maturation of somatic endosomes, as evidenced by excessive accumulation of Rab7. In addition, degradation of dendritic cargos is inhibited. Our results also suggest that GDP-GTP cycling of Rab7 appears necessary not only for endosomal maturation but also for fusion with lysosomes subsequent to arrival in the soma. In conclusion, Rab7-dependent dynein/dynactin recruitment to dendritic endosomes plays multifaceted roles in dendritic endosome maturation as well as retrograde transport of late endosomes to sustain normal degradative flux.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Lysosomes are critical for degradation of membrane and extracellular proteins that enter through endocytosis. Lysosomes are also the endpoint of autophagy and thus responsible for protein and organelle homeostasis. Endosomal-lysosomal dysfunction is linked to neurodegeneration and aging. We identify roles in dendrites for two proteins with links to human diseases, Rab7 and dynein. Our previous work identified a process that requires directional retrograde transport in dendrites, namely, efficient degradation of short-lived membrane proteins. Based on multiple approaches, we demonstrate that Rab7-dependent recruitment of dynein motors supports net retrograde transport to lysosomes and is needed for endosome maturation. Our data also suggest that GDP-GTP cycling of Rab7 is required for fusion with lysosomes and degradation, subsequent to arrival in the soma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Choo Yap
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Laura Digilio
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Lloyd P McMahon
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Tuanlao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361005, China
| | - Bettina Winckler
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
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