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Yıldız T, Hasdemir B, Yaşa H, Başpınar Küçük H. New Strategy for the Synthesis of Some Valuable Chiral 1,3-Diols with High Enantiomeric Purity: New Organocatalyst, Asymmetric Aldol Reaction, and Reduction. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:12657-12664. [PMID: 38524485 PMCID: PMC10955598 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Chiral 1,3-diols are highly valuable molecules used in industries such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and agriculture. Therefore, in this study, a new strategy was developed to synthesize enantiomerically pure (>99% ee) 1,3-diols. New chiral 1,3-diols (5a-5q) with high enantiomeric purity were synthesized from aldol products chiral 1,3-keto alcohols (4a-4q), which are aldol products with different structures. Chiral 1,3-keto alcohols (4a-4q) were synthesized by a new asymmetric aldol method in the first step. This method was developed using a new proline-derived organocatalyst (3g) and Cu(OTf)2 as an additive in DMSO-H2O for the first time. Almost >99% ee was obtained using our developed aldol procedure. In the second step, original chiral diols (5a-5q) of high enantiomeric purity were obtained by asymmetric reduction of chiral keto alcohols with chiral oxazaborolidine reagents. In this way, a two-step asymmetric reaction was developed for chiral 1,3-diol enantiomers with high enantiomeric purity. The structures of all the original chiral compounds obtained were elucidated by infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis methods. Their enantiomeric excesses were determined by the chiral high-performance liquid chromatography method. Both keto alcohols and their corresponding chiral diols synthesized can be used as chiral starting materials and chiral source materials or intermediates in the synthesis of many biologically active molecules, or they can be used as chiral ligands in asymmetric synthesis, serving as organocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tülay Yıldız
- Department of Chemistry,
Organic Chemistry Division, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Avcilar 34320, Turkey
| | - Belma Hasdemir
- Department of Chemistry,
Organic Chemistry Division, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Avcilar 34320, Turkey
| | - Hasniye Yaşa
- Department of Chemistry,
Organic Chemistry Division, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Avcilar 34320, Turkey
| | - Hatice Başpınar Küçük
- Department of Chemistry,
Organic Chemistry Division, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Avcilar 34320, Turkey
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2
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Rabuffetti M, Cannazza P, Contente ML, Pinto A, Romano D, Hoyos P, Alcantara AR, Eberini I, Laurenzi T, Gourlay L, Di Pisa F, Molinari F. Structural insights into the desymmetrization of bulky 1,2-dicarbonyls through enzymatic monoreduction. Bioorg Chem 2021; 108:104644. [PMID: 33486371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Benzil reductases are dehydrogenases preferentially active on aromatic 1,2-diketones, but the reasons for this peculiar substrate recognition have not yet been clarified. The benzil reductase (KRED1-Pglu) from the non-conventional yeast Pichia glucozyma showed excellent activity and stereoselectivity in the monoreduction of space-demanding aromatic 1,2-dicarbonyls, making this enzyme attractive as biocatalyst in organic chemistry. Structural insights into the stereoselective monoreduction of 1,2-diketones catalyzed by KRED1-Pglu were investigated starting from its 1.77 Å resolution crystal structure, followed by QM and classical calculations; this study allowed for the identification and characterization of the KRED1-Pglu reactive site. Once identified the recognition elements involved in the stereoselective desymmetrization of bulky 1,2-dicarbonyls mediated by KRED1-Pglu, a mechanism was proposed together with an in silico prediction of substrates reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rabuffetti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Cannazza
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Letizia Contente
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Pinto
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Romano
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Pilar Hoyos
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences (QUICIFARM), Pharmacy Faculty, Complutense University, Plaza de Ramon y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andres R Alcantara
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences (QUICIFARM), Pharmacy Faculty, Complutense University, Plaza de Ramon y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivano Eberini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Laurenzi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Louise Gourlay
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Flavio Di Pisa
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Molinari
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Biotransformation with a New Acinetobacter sp. Isolate for Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of a Chiral Intermediate of Miconazole. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9050462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
(R)-2-Chloro-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) ethanol is a chiral intermediate of the antifungal agent Miconazole. A bacterial strain, ZJPH1806, capable of the biocatalysis of 2-chloro-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) ethanone, to (R)-2-chloro-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) ethanol with highly stereoselectivity was isolated from a soil sample. It was identified as the Acinetobacter sp., according to its morphological observation, physiological-biochemical identification, and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. After optimizing the key reaction conditions, it was demonstrated that the bioreduction of 2-chloro-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) ethanone was effectively transformed at relatively high conversion temperatures, along with glycerol as cosubstrate in coenzyme regeneration. The asymmetric reduction of the substrate had reached 83.2% yield with an enantiomeric excess (ee) of greater than 99.9% at 2 g/L of 2-chloro-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) ethanone; the reaction was conducted at 40 °C for 26 h using resting cells of the Acinetobacter sp. ZJPH1806 as the biocatalyst. The yield had increased by nearly 2.9-fold (from 28.6% to 83.2%). In the present study, a simple and novel whole-cell-mediated biocatalytic route was applied for the highly enantioselective synthesis of (R)-2-chloro-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) ethanol, which allowed the production of a valuable chiral intermediate method to be transformed into a versatile tool for drug synthesis.
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4
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Biocatalyzed Synthesis of Statins: A Sustainable Strategy for the Preparation of Valuable Drugs. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9030260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins, inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, are the largest selling class of drugs prescribed for the pharmacological treatment of hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidaemia. Statins also possess other therapeutic effects, called pleiotropic, because the blockade of the conversion of HMG-CoA to (R)-mevalonate produces a concomitant inhibition of the biosynthesis of numerous isoprenoid metabolites (e.g., geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) or farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP)). Thus, the prenylation of several cell signalling proteins (small GTPase family members: Ras, Rac, and Rho) is hampered, so that these molecular switches, controlling multiple pathways and cell functions (maintenance of cell shape, motility, factor secretion, differentiation, and proliferation) are regulated, leading to beneficial effects in cardiovascular health, regulation of the immune system, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, prevention and treatment of sepsis, treatment of autoimmune diseases, osteoporosis, kidney and neurological disorders, or even in cancer therapy. Thus, there is a growing interest in developing more sustainable protocols for preparation of statins, and the introduction of biocatalyzed steps into the synthetic pathways is highly advantageous—synthetic routes are conducted under mild reaction conditions, at ambient temperature, and can use water as a reaction medium in many cases. Furthermore, their high selectivity avoids the need for functional group activation and protection/deprotection steps usually required in traditional organic synthesis. Therefore, biocatalysis provides shorter processes, produces less waste, and reduces manufacturing costs and environmental impact. In this review, we will comment on the pleiotropic effects of statins and will illustrate some biotransformations nowadays implemented for statin synthesis.
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Xu T, Wang C, Zhu S, Zheng G. Enzymatic preparation of optically pure t -butyl 6-chloro-(3 R ,5 S )-dihydroxyhexanoate by a novel alcohol dehydrogenase discovered from Klebsiella oxytoca. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Zheng YG, Yin HH, Yu DF, Chen X, Tang XL, Zhang XJ, Xue YP, Wang YJ, Liu ZQ. Recent advances in biotechnological applications of alcohol dehydrogenases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:987-1001. [PMID: 28074225 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-8083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs), which belong to the oxidoreductase superfamily, catalyze the interconversion between alcohols and aldehydes or ketones with high stereoselectivity under mild conditions. ADHs are widely employed as biocatalysts for the dynamic kinetic resolution of racemic substrates and for the preparation of enantiomerically pure chemicals. This review provides an overview of biotechnological applications for ADHs in the production of chiral pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Guo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huan-Huan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Dao-Fu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ping Xue
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
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Bezborodov AM, Zagustina NA. Enzymatic biocatalysis in chemical synthesis of pharmaceuticals (Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683816030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Wu X, Gou X, Chen Y. Enzymatic preparation of t-butyl-6-cyano-(3R, 5R)-dihydroxyhexanoate by a whole-cell biocatalyst co-expressing carbonyl reductase and glucose dehydrogenase. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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9
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Ma H, Yang X, Lu Z, Liu N, Chen Y. The "gate keeper" role of Trp222 determines the enantiopreference of diketoreductase toward 2-chloro-1-phenylethanone. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103792. [PMID: 25072248 PMCID: PMC4114983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Trp222 of diketoreductase (DKR), an enzyme responsible for reducing a variety of ketones to chiral alcohols, is located at the hydrophobic dimeric interface of the C-terminus. Single substitutions at DKR Trp222 with either canonical (Val, Leu, Met, Phe and Tyr) or unnatural amino acids (UAAs) (4-cyano-L-phenylalanine, 4-methoxy-L-phenylalanine, 4-phenyl-L-phenyalanine, O-tert-butyl-L-tyrosine) inverts the enantiotope preference of the enzyme toward 2-chloro-1-phenylethanone with close side chain correlation. Analyses of enzyme activity, substrate affinity and ternary structure of the mutants revealed that substitution at Trp222 causes a notable change in the overall enzyme structure, and specifically in the entrance tunnel to the active center. The size of residue 222 in DKR is vital to its enantiotope preference. Trp222 serves as a "gate keeper" to control the direction of substrate entry into the active center. Consequently, opposite substrate-binding orientations produce respective alcohol enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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Zhang J, Zhu T, Wu X, Chen Y. Enhancement of biocatalytic efficiency by increasing substrate loading: enzymatic preparation of L-homophenylalanine. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:8487-94. [PMID: 23893309 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5117-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Enantiomerically pure L-homophenylalanine (L-HPA) is a key building block for the synthesis of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and other chiral pharmaceuticals. Among the processes developed for the L-HPA production, biocatalytic synthesis employing phenylalanine dehydrogenase has been proven as the most promising route. However, similar to other dehydrogenase-catalyzed reactions, the viability of this process is markedly affected by insufficient substrate loading and high costs of the indispensable cofactors. In the present work, a highly efficient and economic biocatalytic process for L-HPA was established by coupling genetically modified phenylalanine dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase. Combination of fed-batch substrate addition and a continuous product removal greatly increased substrate loading and cofactor utilization. After systemic optimization, 40 g (0.22 mol) of keto acid substrate was transformed to L-HPA within 24 h and a total of 0.2 mM NAD(+) was reused effectively in eight cycles of fed-batch operation, consequently giving an average substrate concentration of 510 mM and a productivity of 84.1 g l(-1) day(-1) for L-HPA. The present study provides an efficient and feasible enzymatic process for the production of L-HPA and a general solution for the increase of substrate loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielin Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia St., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China
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11
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Gupta P, Mahajan N, Taneja SC. Recent advances in the stereoselective synthesis of 1,3-diols using biocatalysts. Catal Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cy00125c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Huang Y, Lu Z, Ma M, Liu N, Chen Y. Functional roles of Tryptophan residues in diketoreductase from Acinetobacter baylyi. BMB Rep 2012; 45:452-7. [DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2012.45.8.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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13
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Genetic incorporation of D-lysine into diketoreductase in Escherichia coli cells. Amino Acids 2012; 43:2553-9. [PMID: 22569959 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-012-1311-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Pyrococcus horikoshii lysyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNA orthogonal pair exhibited high selectivity towards D-lysine in the presence of excess amount of D-lysine. Based on the observation, this orthogonal pair was employed to encode D-lysine, and D-lysine was site-specifically incorporated into the diketoreductase in E. coli cells.
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Lu M, Huang Y, White MA, Wu X, Liu N, Cheng X, Chen Y. Dual catalysis mode for the dicarbonyl reduction catalyzed by diketoreductase. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:11352-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36334h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Chen Y, Chen C, Wu X. Dicarbonyl reduction by single enzyme for the preparation of chiral diols. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:1742-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15230k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wu X, Jiang J, Chen Y. Correlation between Intracellular Cofactor Concentrations and Biocatalytic Efficiency: Coexpression of Diketoreductase and Glucose Dehydrogenase for the Preparation of Chiral Diol for Statin Drugs. ACS Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/cs200408y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuri Wu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Street, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jinpeng Jiang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Street, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yijun Chen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Street, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States
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Identification of important residues in diketoreductase from Acinetobacter baylyi by molecular modeling and site-directed mutagenesis. Biochimie 2011; 94:471-8. [PMID: 21893158 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diketoreductase (DKR) from Acinetobacter baylyi exhibits a unique property of double reduction of a β, δ-diketo ester with excellent stereoselectivity, which can serve as an efficient biocatalyst for the preparation of an important chiral intermediate for cholesterol lowering statin drugs. Taken the advantage of high homology between DKR and human heart 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HAD), a molecular model was created to compare the tertiary structures of DKR and HAD. In addition to the possible participation of His-143 in the enzyme catalysis by pH profile, three key amino acid residues, Ser-122, His-143 and Glu-155, were identified and mutated to explore the possibility of involving in the catalytic process. The catalytic activities for mutants S122A/C, H143A/K and E155Q were below detectable level, while their binding affinities to the diketo ester substrate and cofactor NADH did not change obviously. The experimental results were further supported by molecular docking, suggesting that Ser-122 and His-143 were essential for the proton transfer to the carbonyl functional groups of the substrate. Moreover, Glu-155 was crucial for maintaining the proper orientation and protonation of the imidazole ring of His-143 for efficient catalysis.
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Hall M, Bommarius AS. Enantioenriched Compounds via Enzyme-Catalyzed Redox Reactions. Chem Rev 2011; 111:4088-110. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200013n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Hall
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas S. Bommarius
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Wu X, Chen C, Liu N, Chen Y. Preparation of ethyl 3R,5S-6-(benzyloxy)-3,5-dihydroxy-hexanoate by recombinant diketoreductase in a biphasic system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:3649-3652. [PMID: 21163644 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.11.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Diketoreductase from Acinetobacter baylyi ATCC 33305 is a unique carbonyl reductase, which can stereoselectively reduce ethyl-6-(benzyloxy)-3,5-dioxohexanoate to ethyl 3R,5S-6-(benzyloxy)-3,5-dihydroxy-hexanoate, an advanced intermediate for statin drugs. In the present study, we explored an aqueous-organic biphasic reaction system to make this biocatalyst more practical and valuable. Different from most oxidoreductases, diketoreductase displayed an excellent tolerance to certain organic solvents without any changes on the catalytic properties. After optimizing reaction conditions, an aqueous-hexane (1:1) biphasic system was established for the preparation of 3R,5S-dihydroxy product by diketoreductase. This system was further scaled up to 0.5 l at a substrate concentration of 105 g/l (378 mM), and the 3R,5S-hydroxy product was obtained with a yield of 83.5% and excellent stereoselectivity (de>99.5%, ee>99.5%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuri Wu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
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Gargouri M, Chaudière J, Manigand C, Maugé C, Bathany K, Schmitter JM, Gallois B. The epimerase activity of anthocyanidin reductase from Vitis vinifera and its regiospecific hydride transfers. Biol Chem 2010; 391:219-227. [PMID: 20030585 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2010.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) from Vitis vinifera catalyzes an NADPH-dependent double reduction of anthocyanidins producing a mixture of (2S,3R)- and (2S,3S)-flavan-3-ols. At pH 7.5 and 30 degrees C, the first hydride transfer to anthocyanidin is irreversible, and no intermediate is released during catalysis. ANR reverse activity was assessed in the presence of excess NADP(+). Analysis of products by reverse phase and chiral phase HPLC demonstrates that ANR acts as a flavan-3-ol C(3)-epimerase under such conditions, but this is only observed with 2R-flavan-3-ols, not with 2S-flavan-3-ols produced by the enzyme in the forward reaction. In the presence of deuterated coenzyme 4S-NADPD, ANR transforms anthocyanidins into dideuterated flavan-3-ols. The regiospecificity of deuterium incorporation into catechin and afzelechin - derived from cyanidin and pelargonidin, respectively - was analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with electro- spray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS), and it was found that deuterium was always incorporated at C(2) and C(4). We conclude that C(3)-epimerization should be achieved by tautomerization between the two hydride transfers and that this produces a quinone methide intermediate which serves as C(4) target of the second hydride transfer, thereby avoiding any stereospecific modification of carbon 3. The inversion of C(2) stereochemistry required for 'reverse epimerization' suggests that the 2S configuration induces an irreversible product dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Gargouri
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nanoobjets UMR CNRS 5248, Bâtiment B8, Avenue des Facultés, Université Bordeaux 1, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France.,Laboratoire de Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cedria, B.P. 901, 2050 Hamman-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Jean Chaudière
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nanoobjets UMR CNRS 5248, Bâtiment B8, Avenue des Facultés, Université Bordeaux 1, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Claude Manigand
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nanoobjets UMR CNRS 5248, Bâtiment B8, Avenue des Facultés, Université Bordeaux 1, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Chloé Maugé
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nanoobjets UMR CNRS 5248, Bâtiment B8, Avenue des Facultés, Université Bordeaux 1, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Katell Bathany
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nanoobjets UMR CNRS 5248, Bâtiment B8, Avenue des Facultés, Université Bordeaux 1, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Marie Schmitter
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nanoobjets UMR CNRS 5248, Bâtiment B8, Avenue des Facultés, Université Bordeaux 1, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Bernard Gallois
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nanoobjets UMR CNRS 5248, Bâtiment B8, Avenue des Facultés, Université Bordeaux 1, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
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A diketoreductase exhibits unique renaturation profile from thermal-induced protein unfolding. Amino Acids 2010; 39:609-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0491-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Stereoselective introduction of two chiral centers by a single diketoreductase: an efficient biocatalytic route for the synthesis of statin side chains. Amino Acids 2009; 39:305-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-009-0390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Enantioselective synthesis of ethyl (S)-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyrate by recombinant diketoreductase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2009.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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