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Meng Q, Tan H, Wang C, Sun Z. Progress and trends in myocardial infarction-related long non-coding RNAs: a bibliometric analysis. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1382772. [PMID: 39135912 PMCID: PMC11317247 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1382772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial infarction (MI), a critical condition, substantially affects patient outcomes and mortality rates. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a critical role in the onset and progression of MI. This study aimed to explore the related research on MI-related lncRNAs from a bibliometric perspective, providing new clues and directions for researchers in the field. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted on 7 August 2023, using the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database to compile a dataset of all English-language scientific journals. The search gathered all relevant publications from January 2000 to August 2023 that pertain to MI-related lncRNAs. Data on countries, institutions, journals, authors, and keywords were collected, sorted, statistically analyzed, and visualized using CiteSpace 6.2.R4, VOSviewer 1.6.19, an online bibliometric analysis platform (http://bibliometric.com), and the bibliometric package in R-Studio 4.3.1. Articles were screened by two independent reviewers. Results Between January 2000 and August 2023, a total of 1,452 papers were published in the research field of MI-related lncRNAs. The year with the most publications was 2020, accounting for 256 papers. The publication volume displayed an exponential growth trend, fitting the equation y = 2.0215e0.2786x, R^2 = 0.97. In this domain, China leads in both the number of published papers (N = 1,034) and total citations, followed by the United States, Germany, Iran, and Italy. The most productive institution is Harbin Medical University (N = 144). The European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences had the highest number of publications (N = 46), while Circulation Research had the most citations (TC = 4,537), indicating its irreplaceable standing in this field. Research mainly focuses on the cardiovascular system, cellular biology, physiology, etc. The most productive author is Zhang Y. Apart from "Myocardial Infarction" and "LncRNA," the most frequent keywords include "expression," "atherosclerosis," and "apoptosis." Cluster analysis suggests current research themes concentrate on cardiovascular diseases and gene expression, cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury and protection, expression and proliferation, atherosclerosis and inflammatory response, among others. Keyword bursts indicate recent hot topics as targeting, autophagy, etc. Conclusion This bibliometric analysis reveals that research on MI-related lncRNAs has rapidly expanded between January 2000 and August 2023, primarily led by China and the United States. Our study highlights the significant biological roles of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis and progression of MI, including their involvement in gene expression regulation, atherosclerosis development, and apoptosis. These findings underscore the potential of lncRNAs as therapeutic targets and biomarkers for MI. Additionally, our study provides insights into the features and quality of related publications, as well as the future directions in this research field. There is a long road ahead, highlighting the urgent need for enhanced global academic exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingkun Meng
- Department of Cardiology, The People’s Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao Tan
- Department of Thoracic and Esophageal Radiotherapy, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Chengfu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The People’s Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhijun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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2
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Wu C, Duan X, Wang X, Wang L. Advances in the role of epigenetics in homocysteine-related diseases. Epigenomics 2023; 15:769-795. [PMID: 37718931 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine has a wide range of biological effects. However, the specific molecular mechanism of its pathogenicity is still unclear. The diseases induced by hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) are called homocysteine-related diseases. Clinical treatment of HHcy is mainly through folic acid and B-complex vitamins, which are not effective in reducing the associated end point events. Epigenetics is the alteration of heritable genes caused by DNA methylation, histone modification, noncoding RNAs and chromatin remodeling without altering the DNA sequence. In recent years the role of epigenetics in homocysteine-associated diseases has been gradually discovered. This article summarizes the latest evidence on the role of epigenetics in HHcy, providing new directions for its prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyan Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xulei Duan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xuehui Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Libo Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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3
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Sum H, Brewer AC. Epigenetic modifications as therapeutic targets in atherosclerosis: a focus on DNA methylation and non-coding RNAs. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1183181. [PMID: 37304954 PMCID: PMC10248074 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1183181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant progress in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been made in the past decade, yet it remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, claiming an estimated 17.9 million deaths per year. Although encompassing any condition that affects the circulatory system, including thrombotic blockage, stenosis, aneurysms, blood clots and arteriosclerosis (general hardening of the arteries), the most prevalent underlying hallmark of CVD is atherosclerosis; the plaque-associated arterial thickening. Further, distinct CVD conditions have overlapping dysregulated molecular and cellular characteristics which underlie their development and progression, suggesting some common aetiology. The identification of heritable genetic mutations associated with the development of atherosclerotic vascular disease (AVD), in particular resulting from Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) studies has significantly improved the ability to identify individuals at risk. However, it is increasingly recognised that environmentally-acquired, epigenetic changes are key factors associated with atherosclerosis development. Increasing evidence suggests that these epigenetic changes, most notably DNA methylation and the misexpression of non-coding, microRNAs (miRNAs) are potentially both predictive and causal in AVD development. This, together with their reversible nature, makes them both useful biomarkers for disease and attractive therapeutic targets potentially to reverse AVD progression. We consider here the association of aberrant DNA methylation and dysregulated miRNA expression with the aetiology and progression of atherosclerosis, and the potential development of novel cell-based strategies to target these epigenetic changes therapeutically.
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Chen Y, Liang L, Wu C, Cao Z, Xia L, Meng J, Wang Z. Epigenetic Control of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Function in Atherosclerosis: A Role for DNA Methylation. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:824-837. [PMID: 35900288 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2022.0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex vascular inflammatory disease in which multiple cell types are involved, including vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In response to vascular injury and inflammatory stimuli, VSMCs undergo a "phenotypic switching" characterized by extracellular matrix secretion, loss of contractility, and abnormal proliferation and migration, which play a key role in the progression of atherosclerosis. DNA methylation modification is an important epigenetic mechanism that plays an important role in atherosclerosis. Studies investigating abnormal DNA methylation in patients with atherosclerosis have determined a specific DNA methylation profile, and proposed multiple pathways and genes involved in the etiopathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Recent studies have also revealed that DNA methylation modification controls VSMC function by regulating gene expression involved in atherosclerosis. In this review, we summarize the recent advances regarding the epigenetic control of VSMC function by DNA methylation in atherosclerosis and provide insights into the development of VSMC-centered therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Chen
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lingli Liang
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zitong Cao
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Linzhen Xia
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jun Meng
- Functional Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zuo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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5
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Zhang H, Hao Y, Yang A, Xie L, Ding N, Xu L, Wang Y, Yang Y, Bai Y, Zhang H, Jiang Y. TGFB3-AS1 promotes Hcy-induced inflammation of macrophages via inhibiting the maturity of miR-144 and upregulating Rap1a. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:1318-1335. [PMID: 34853730 PMCID: PMC8609111 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that homocysteine (Hcy) can cause inflammatory diseases. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in this biological process, but the mechanism underlying Hcy-induced inflammation remains poorly understood. Here, we found that lncRNA TGFB3-AS1 was highly expressed in macrophages treated with Hcy and the peripheral blood monocytes from cystathionine beta-synthase heterozygous knockout (CBS+/−) mice with a high-methionine diet using lncRNA microarray. In vivo and in vitro experiments further confirmed that TGFB3-AS1 accelerated Hcy-induced inflammation of macrophages through the Rap1a/wnt signaling pathway. Meanwhile, TGFB3-AS1 interacted with Rap1a and reduced degradation of Rap1a through inhibiting its ubiquitination in macrophages treated with Hcy. Rap1a mediated inflammation induced by Hcy and serves as a direct target of miR-144. Moreover, TGFB3-AS1 regulated miR-144 by binding to pri-miR-144 and inhibiting its maturation, which further regulated Rap1a expression. More importantly, we found that high expression of TGFB3-AS1 was positively correlated with the levels of Hcy and proinflammatory cytokines in serum of healthy individuals and patients with HHcy. Our study revealed a novel mechanism by which TGFB3-AS1 promoted inflammation of macrophages through inhibiting miR-144 maturation to stay miR-144 regulated inhibition of functional Rap1a expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China
| | - Yinju Hao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China
| | - Anning Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China
| | - Lin Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China
| | - Ning Ding
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China
| | - Lingbo Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China
| | - Yong Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
- Department of Neurology, Region People's Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yongsheng Bai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
- Department of Neurology, Region People's Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
- Corresponding author Huiping Zhang, Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, 804 Sheng Li Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China.
| | - Yideng Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China
- Corresponding author Yideng Jiang, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Sheng Li Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China.
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6
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Xu H, Li S, Liu YS. Roles and Mechanisms of DNA Methylation in Vascular Aging and Related Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:699374. [PMID: 34262910 PMCID: PMC8273304 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.699374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular aging is a pivotal risk factor promoting vascular dysfunction, the development and progression of vascular aging-related diseases. The structure and function of endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), fibroblasts, and macrophages are disrupted during the aging process, causing vascular cell senescence as well as vascular dysfunction. DNA methylation, an epigenetic mechanism, involves the alteration of gene transcription without changing the DNA sequence. It is a dynamically reversible process modulated by methyltransferases and demethyltransferases. Emerging evidence reveals that DNA methylation is implicated in the vascular aging process and plays a central role in regulating vascular aging-related diseases. In this review, we seek to clarify the mechanisms of DNA methylation in modulating ECs, VSMCs, fibroblasts, and macrophages functions and primarily focus on the connection between DNA methylation and vascular aging-related diseases. Therefore, we represent many vascular aging-related genes which are modulated by DNA methylation. Besides, we concentrate on the potential clinical application of DNA methylation to serve as a reliable diagnostic tool and DNA methylation-based therapeutic drugs for vascular aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Aging and Age-Related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Aging and Age-Related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - You-Shuo Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Aging and Age-Related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, China
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7
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Hernández-Aguilar AI, Luciano-Villa CA, Tello-Flores VA, Beltrán-Anaya FO, Zubillaga-Guerrero MI, Flores-Alfaro E. Dysregulation of lncRNA-H19 in cardiometabolic diseases and the molecular mechanism involved : a systematic review. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:809-821. [PMID: 34133256 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1944808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cardiometabolic diseases are a global public health problem, with significant increases in their prevalence. Different epigenetic factors involved in the progression of metabolic alterations have been described, such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). H19 is a multifunctional lncRNA expressed from the maternal allele, with low expression after birth, except in the skeletal muscle and heart. Recent studies have linked its dysregulation to alterations in cell metabolism.Areas covered: H19 plays a role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic and renal fibrosis, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and inflammation. H19 acts mainly as a competitive endogenous RNA of molecules involved in pathways that regulate cell metabolism. In this review, we analyzed the dysregulation of H19 in cardiometabolic diseases and its relationship with molecular alterations in different signaling pathways.Expert opinion: The association of H19 with the development of cardiometabolic diseases, indicates that H19 could be a therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for these diseases. Controversies have been reported regarding the expression of H19 in some metabolic diseases, therefore, it is necessary to continue research to clarify its pathogenic effect in different organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Iris Hernández-Aguilar
- Faculty of Chemical‑Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | | | | | - Fredy Omar Beltrán-Anaya
- Faculty of Chemical‑Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | | | - Eugenia Flores-Alfaro
- Faculty of Chemical‑Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
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8
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Safaei S, Tahmasebi-Birgani M, Bijanzadeh M, Seyedian SM. Increased Expression Level of Long Noncoding RNA H19 in Plasma of Patients with Myocardial Infarction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2020; 9:122-129. [PMID: 32934949 PMCID: PMC7489114 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.9.2.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are lengthy noncoding transcripts which are actively involved in crucial cellular pathways. Tissue-specific expression of lncRNAs besides its secretion into the body fluids, has made lncRNAs in attention as biomarkers of the diseases. According to the role of lncRNAs, especially H19 in cardiac regeneration, it is not surprising if their altered expression levels lead to cardiac diseases. In the present study, the relative expression of H19 was compared in the plasma of atherosclerotic myocardial infarction and control individuals by real time-PCR, and data were normalized using GAPDH. The association of plasma level of lipid and homocystine with H19 expression was also considered. The potential of H19 to discriminate the case from control was studied using the ROC analysis. We found that the plasma level of H19 transcript significantly increased in the plasma of patients in comparison with the control group. Additionally, the relative expression level of H19 was directly associated with the plasma homocystine level. The relative expression of H19 at threshold of 0.3 showed 70% sensitivity and 94% specificity to discriminate cases from controls. This study revealed that the expression level of H19 may be considered as a biomarker of myocardial infarction, although further studies are needed to generalize this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokouh Safaei
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Tahmasebi-Birgani
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Bijanzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Masoud Seyedian
- Department of Cardiology, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Cardiovascular Disease Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Shi X, Wei YT, Li H, Jiang T, Zheng XL, Yin K, Zhao GJ. Long non-coding RNA H19 in atherosclerosis: what role? Mol Med 2020; 26:72. [PMID: 32698876 PMCID: PMC7374855 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00196-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is widely accepted to be a multistep pathophysiological process associated with several other processes such as angiogenesis and inflammatory response. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-protein coding RNAs (more than 200 nucleotides in length) and can regulate gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Recent studies suggest that lncRNA-H19 plays important roles in the regulation of angiogenesis, adipocyte differentiation, lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, cellular proliferation and apoptosis. In this review, we primarily discuss the roles of lncRNA-H19 in atherosclerosis-related pathophysiological processes and the potential mechanisms by which lncRNA-H19 regulates the development of atherosclerosis, to help provide a better understanding of the biological functions of lncRNA-H19 in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Shi
- School of Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541100, Guangxi, China
| | - Ya-Ting Wei
- School of Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541100, Guangxi, China
| | - Heng Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, The University of Calgary, Health Sciences Center, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Targets and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Yin
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541100, Guangxi, China.
| | - Guo-Jun Zhao
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong, China.
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Abstract
Currently, cardiovascular diseases continue to be the leading cause of death worldwide; therefore, atherosclerosis remains one of the most crucial public health problems. This chronic and complex disease is considered to be a result of aberrant lipid homeostasis and inflammation of the inner wall of arteries that leads to plaque development. In recent years, a specific class of non-coding RNAs that are characterised by transcript lengths longer than 200 nucleotides, called long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), has emerged. Moreover, a growing body of evidence indicates that deregulation of lncRNA expression may contribute to the development of many diseases. Despite continuous efforts in deciphering the molecular basis of atherosclerotic plaque (AP) formation, many aspects of this process remain elusive. Therefore, continuing efforts in this area should remain the highest priority in the coming years. Establishment of a standardised experimental pipeline and validation of lncRNAs as possible relevant biomarkers for cardiovascular disease would enable the translation of gathered findings into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Kraczkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Science, 6 Święcickiego Street, 60-781, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Paweł Piotr Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Science, 6 Święcickiego Street, 60-781, Poznan, Poland
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11
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Esse R, Barroso M, Tavares de Almeida I, Castro R. The Contribution of Homocysteine Metabolism Disruption to Endothelial Dysfunction: State-of-the-Art. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E867. [PMID: 30781581 PMCID: PMC6412520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing non-proteinogenic amino acid formed during the metabolism of the essential amino acid methionine. Hcy is considered a risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the molecular basis of these associations remains elusive. The impairment of endothelial function, a key initial event in the setting of atherosclerosis and CVD, is recurrently observed in hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). Various observations may explain the vascular toxicity associated with HHcy. For instance, Hcy interferes with the production of nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous master regulator of endothelial homeostasis. Moreover, Hcy deregulates the signaling pathways associated with another essential endothelial gasotransmitter: hydrogen sulfide. Hcy also mediates the loss of critical endothelial antioxidant systems and increases the intracellular concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) yielding oxidative stress. ROS disturb lipoprotein metabolism, contributing to the growth of atherosclerotic vascular lesions. Moreover, excess Hcy maybe be indirectly incorporated into proteins, a process referred to as protein N-homocysteinylation, inducing vascular damage. Lastly, cellular hypomethylation caused by build-up of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) also contributes to the molecular basis of Hcy-induced vascular toxicity, a mechanism that has merited our attention in particular. AdoHcy is the metabolic precursor of Hcy, which accumulates in the setting of HHcy and is a negative regulator of most cell methyltransferases. In this review, we examine the biosynthesis and catabolism of Hcy and critically revise recent findings linking disruption of this metabolism and endothelial dysfunction, emphasizing the impact of HHcy on endothelial cell methylation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Esse
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Madalena Barroso
- University Children's Research@Kinder-UKE, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Isabel Tavares de Almeida
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Genetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Rita Castro
- Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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12
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Bitarafan S, Yari M, Broumand MA, Ghaderian SMH, Rahimi M, Mirfakhraie R, Azizi F, Omrani MD. Association of Increased Levels of lncRNA H19 in PBMCs with Risk of Coronary Artery Disease. CELL JOURNAL 2018; 20:564-568. [PMID: 30124004 PMCID: PMC6099137 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2019.5544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective Considerable research shows that long non-coding RNAs, those longer than 200 nucleotides, are involved in several human diseases such as various cancers and cardiovascular diseases. Their significant role in regulating the function of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, macrophages, vascular inflammation, and metabolism indicates the possible effects of lncRNAs on the progression of atherosclerosis which is the most common underlying pathological process responsible for coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of present study was to assess whether the expression of the lnc RNA H19 was associated with a susceptibility to CAD by evaluating the expression level of H19 in the peripheral blood. Materials and Methods A case-control study of 50 CAD patients and 50 age and sex-matched healthy controls was undertaken to investigate whether the H19 lncRNA expression level is associated with a CAD using Taqman Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results The subsequent result indicated that the H19 lncRNA was over-expressed in CAD patients in comparison with the controls. However, it was not statistically significant. This overexpression may be involved in coronary artery disease progression. Conclusion We report here, the up-regulation of H19 lncRNA in the whole blood of CAD patients and suggest a possible role for H19 in the atherosclerosis process and its consideration as novel biomarker for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bitarafan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Yari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Broumand
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tehran Heart Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahnoosh Rahimi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Pharmacogenetic Research Center, Simple LIMS, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Reza Mirfakhraie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Azizi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic Address:
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13
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this paper, we review the progress made thus far in research related to the genetics of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) by detailing efforts to date in heritability, linkage analyses, and candidate gene studies. We further summarize more contemporary genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and epigenetic studies of PAD. Finally, we review current challenges and future avenues of advanced research in PAD genetics including whole genome sequencing studies. RECENT FINDINGS Studies have estimated the heritability of PAD to be moderate, though the contribution to this heritability that is independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors remains unclear. Recent efforts have identified SNPs associated with PAD in GWAS analyses, but these have yet to be replicated in independent studies. Much remains to be discovered in the field of PAD genetics. An improved understanding of the genetic foundation for PAD will allow for earlier diagnosis of disease and a more complete pathophysiological understanding of the mechanisms of the disease leading to novel therapeutic interventions. Future avenues for success will likely arise from very large-scale GWAS, whole genome sequencing, and epigenetic studies involving very well-characterized cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Belkin
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 4 Maloney, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 4 Maloney, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, 3900 Woodland Ave., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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14
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Fu Y, Wang X, Kong W. Hyperhomocysteinaemia and vascular injury: advances in mechanisms and drug targets. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:1173-1189. [PMID: 28836260 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine is a sulphur-containing non-proteinogenic amino acid. Hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy), the pathogenic elevation of plasma homocysteine as a result of an imbalance of its metabolism, is an independent risk factor for various vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, vascular calcification and aneurysm. Treatments aimed at lowering plasma homocysteine via dietary supplementation with folic acids and vitamin B are more effective in preventing vascular disease where the population has a normally low folate consumption than in areas with higher dietary folate. To date, the mechanisms of HHcy-induced vascular injury are not fully understood. HHcy increases oxidative stress and its downstream signalling pathways, resulting in vascular inflammation. HHcy also causes vascular injury via endoplasmic reticulum stress. Moreover, HHcy up-regulates pathogenic genes and down-regulates protective genes via DNA demethylation and methylation respectively. Homocysteinylation of proteins induced by homocysteine also contributes to vascular injury by modulating intracellular redox state and altering protein function. Furthermore, HHcy-induced vascular injury leads to neuronal damage and disease. Also, an HHcy-activated sympathetic system and HHcy-injured adipose tissue also cause vascular injury, thus demonstrating the interactions between the organs injured by HHcy. Here, we have summarized the recent developments in the mechanisms of HHcy-induced vascular injury, which are further considered as potential therapeutic targets in this condition. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Spotlight on Small Molecules in Cardiovascular Diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.8/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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15
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Increased plasma levels of lncRNA H19 and LIPCAR are associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease in a Chinese population. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7491. [PMID: 28790415 PMCID: PMC5548926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07611-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies in animal models and humans show that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the development of atherosclerosis, which contributes to the pathological foundation of coronary artery disease (CAD). LncRNAs in plasma and serum have been considered as promising novel biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases, especially CAD. We here measured the circulating levels of 8 individual lncRNAs which are known to be relevant to atherosclerosis in the plasma samples from 300 patients with CAD and 180 control subjects by using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) methods. We found that the plasma level of H19 and long intergenic non-coding RNA predicting cardiac remodeling (LIPCAR) were significantly increased in patients with CAD. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.631 for H19 and 0.722 for LIPCAR. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that plasma H19 and LIPCAR were independent predictors for CAD, even after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Further studies identified that plasma levels of H19 and LIPCAR were also increased in CAD patients with heart failure compared to those with normal cardiac function. Taken together, our results suggest that increased plasma levels of H19 and LIPCAR are associated with increased risk of CAD and may be considered as novel biomarkers for CAD.
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16
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Gomes CPC, Spencer H, Ford KL, Michel LYM, Baker AH, Emanueli C, Balligand JL, Devaux Y. The Function and Therapeutic Potential of Long Non-coding RNAs in Cardiovascular Development and Disease. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 8:494-507. [PMID: 28918050 PMCID: PMC5565632 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The popularization of genome-wide analyses and RNA sequencing led to the discovery that a large part of the human genome, while effectively transcribed, does not encode proteins. Long non-coding RNAs have emerged as critical regulators of gene expression in both normal and disease states. Studies of long non-coding RNAs expressed in the heart, in combination with gene association studies, revealed that these molecules are regulated during cardiovascular development and disease. Some long non-coding RNAs have been functionally implicated in cardiac pathophysiology and constitute potential therapeutic targets. Here, we review the current knowledge of the function of long non-coding RNAs in the cardiovascular system, with an emphasis on cardiovascular development and biology, focusing on hypertension, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, ischemia, and heart failure. We discuss potential therapeutic implications and the challenges of long non-coding RNA research, with directions for future research and translational focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa P C Gomes
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Helen Spencer
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
| | - Kerrie L Ford
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Lauriane Y M Michel
- Unité de Pharmacologie et de Thérapeutique, Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jean-Luc Balligand
- Unité de Pharmacologie et de Thérapeutique, Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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17
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Bao MH, Luo HQ, Chen LH, Tang L, Ma KF, Xiang J, Dong LP, Zeng J, Li GY, Li JM. Impact of high fat diet on long non-coding RNAs and messenger RNAs expression in the aortas of ApoE(-/-) mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34161. [PMID: 27698357 PMCID: PMC5048419 DOI: 10.1038/srep34161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease with high prevalence worldwide, and has become the leading cause of death. The present study was designed to investigate the impact of high-fat diet on ApoE(−/−) mice exhibiting atherosclerosis by detecting the genome-wide expression profile of lncRNAs and mRNAs. A total of 354 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified (≥2.0 folds). Simultaneously, 357 differentially expressed mRNAs from the same chip were found. The expression differences of lncRNAs and mRNAs were consistent in both qPCR and microarray detection. Annotation results of the mRNAs which correlated with lncRNAs showed that the commonly related pathways were metabolism and inflammation. Hypergeometric distribution analysis indicated that the differentially expressed lncRNAs had been mostly regulated by transcription factors (TFs) such as Myod1, Rxra, Pparg, Tcf3, etc. Additional lncRNA-target-TFs network analysis was conducted for the top 20 differentially expressed lncRNAs. The results indicated Hnf4a, Ppara, Vdr, and Runx3 as the TFs most likely to regulate the production of these lncRNAs, and might play roles in inflammatory and metabolic processes in atherosclerosis. In a nutshell, the present study identified a panel of dysregulated lncRNAs and mRNAs that may be potential biomarkers or drug targets relevant to the high-fat diet related atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hua Bao
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China
| | - Huai-Qing Luo
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China
| | - Li-Hua Chen
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, PR China
| | - Liang Tang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China
| | - Kui-Fen Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ju Xiang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China
| | - Li-Ping Dong
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China
| | - Guang-Yi Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China
| | - Jian-Ming Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China.,Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Department of Anatomy, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
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18
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Min HY, Lee SC, Woo JK, Jung HJ, Park KH, Jeong HM, Hyun SY, Cho J, Lee W, Park JE, Kwon SJ, Lee HJ, Ni X, Shin YK, Johnson FM, Duvic M, Lee HY. Essential Role of DNA Methyltransferase 1-mediated Transcription of Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 in Resistance to Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:1299-1311. [PMID: 27582487 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDI) are promising anticancer therapies; however, drug resistance limits their efficacy. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying HDI resistance, focusing on the mechanism of HDI-mediated induction of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) based on our previous study.Experimental Design: The methylation status of CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF)-binding sites in the IGF2/H19 imprinting control region (ICR) were determined by methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing. The effectiveness of single or combinatorial blockade of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) was evaluated using cell viability assay and patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) model.Results: HDAC inhibition by vorinostat increased acetylated STAT3 (K685), resulting in transcriptional upregulation of DNMT1 DNMT1-mediated hypermethylation of CTCF-binding sites in the IGF2/H19 ICR decreased CTCF insulator activity, leading to a transcriptional upregulation of IGF2 and activation of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) pathway in cells with acquired or de novo vorinostat resistance. Strategies targeting DNMT1 diminished the IGF2 expression and potentiated vorinostat sensitivity in preclinical models of lung cancer with hypermethylation in the H19/IGF2 ICR. The degree of ICR hypermethylation correlated with vorinostat resistance in patient-derived lung tumors and in patients with hematologic malignancies.Conclusions: DNMT1-mediated transcriptional upregulation of IGF2 is a novel mechanism of resistance to HDIs, highlighting the role of epigenetic deregulation of IGF2 in HDI resistance and the potential value of the H19/IGF2 ICR hypermethylation and DNMT1 expression as predictive biomarkers in HDI-based anticancer therapies. Clin Cancer Res; 23(5); 1299-311. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Min
- Creative Research Initiative Center for concurrent control of emphysema and lung cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Chan Lee
- Creative Research Initiative Center for concurrent control of emphysema and lung cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kyu Woo
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Jung
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Hee Park
- Creative Research Initiative Center for concurrent control of emphysema and lung cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Min Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeob Hyun
- Creative Research Initiative Center for concurrent control of emphysema and lung cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebeom Cho
- Creative Research Initiative Center for concurrent control of emphysema and lung cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - So Jung Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyungnam 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyungnam 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao Ni
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Young Kee Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Faye M Johnson
- Department of Thoracic Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Madeleine Duvic
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Creative Research Initiative Center for concurrent control of emphysema and lung cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16229, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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19
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Greco S, Zaccagnini G, Perfetti A, Fuschi P, Valaperta R, Voellenkle C, Castelvecchio S, Gaetano C, Finato N, Beltrami AP, Menicanti L, Martelli F. Long noncoding RNA dysregulation in ischemic heart failure. J Transl Med 2016; 14:183. [PMID: 27317124 PMCID: PMC4912721 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0926-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-protein coding transcripts regulating a variety of physiological and pathological functions. However, their implication in heart failure is still largely unknown. The aim of this study is to identify and characterize lncRNAs deregulated in patients affected by ischemic heart failure. METHODS LncRNAs were profiled and validated in left ventricle biopsies of 18 patients affected by non end-stage dilated ischemic cardiomyopathy and 17 matched controls. Further validations were performed in left ventricle samples derived from explanted hearts of end-stage heart failure patients and in a mouse model of cardiac hypertrophy, obtained by transverse aortic constriction. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of heart failure patients were also analyzed. LncRNA distribution in the heart was assessed by in situ hybridization. Function of the deregulated lncRNA was explored analyzing the expression of the neighbor mRNAs and by gene ontology analysis of the correlating coding transcripts. RESULTS Fourteen lncRNAs were significantly modulated in non end-stage heart failure patients, identifying a heart failure lncRNA signature. Nine of these lncRNAs (CDKN2B-AS1/ANRIL, EGOT, H19, HOTAIR, LOC285194/TUSC7, RMRP, RNY5, SOX2-OT and SRA1) were also confirmed in end-stage failing hearts. Intriguingly, among the conserved lncRNAs, h19, rmrp and hotair were also induced in a mouse model of heart hypertrophy. CDKN2B-AS1/ANRIL, HOTAIR and LOC285194/TUSC7 showed similar modulation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and heart tissue, suggesting a potential role as disease biomarkers. Interestingly, RMRP displayed a ubiquitous nuclear distribution, while H19 RNA was more abundant in blood vessels and was both cytoplasmic and nuclear. Gene ontology analysis of the mRNAs displaying a significant correlation in expression with heart failure lncRNAs identified numerous pathways and functions involved in heart failure progression. CONCLUSIONS These data strongly suggest lncRNA implication in the molecular mechanisms underpinning HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Greco
- />IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi, 30, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Germana Zaccagnini
- />IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi, 30, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Perfetti
- />IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi, 30, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Fuschi
- />IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi, 30, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Rea Valaperta
- />IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi, 30, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Christine Voellenkle
- />IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi, 30, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Nicoletta Finato
- />Istituto di Anatomia Patologica Universitaria, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria “S. Maria della Misericordia”, Udine, Italy
| | - Antonio Paolo Beltrami
- />Istituto di Anatomia Patologica Universitaria, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria “S. Maria della Misericordia”, Udine, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Menicanti
- />IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi, 30, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Martelli
- />IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi, 30, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
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20
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Dechamethakun S, Muramatsu M. Long noncoding RNA variations in cardiometabolic diseases. J Hum Genet 2016; 62:97-104. [PMID: 27305986 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2016.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases are characterized as a combination of multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and metabolic diseases including diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension and abdominal obesity. This cluster of abnormalities individually and interdependently leads to atherosclerosis and CVD morbidity and mortality. In the past decade, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified a series of cardiometabolic disease-associated variants that can collectively explain a small proportion of the variability. Intriguingly, the susceptibility variants imputed from GWASs usually do not reside in the coding regions, suggesting a crucial role of the noncoding elements of the genome. In recent years, emerging evidence suggests that noncoding RNA (ncRNA) is functional for physiology and pathophysiology of human diseases. These include microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are now implicated in human diseases. The ncRNAs can interact with each other and with proteins, to interfere gene expressions, leading to the development of many human disorders. Although evidence suggests the functional role of lncRNAs in cardiometabolic traits, the molecular mechanisms of gene regulation underlying cardiometabolic diseases remain to be better defined. Here, we summarize the recent discoveries of lncRNA variations in the context of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sariya Dechamethakun
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Muramatsu
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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JIANG YIDENG, MA SHENGCHAO, ZHANG HUIPING, YANG XIAOLING, LU GUANJUN, ZHANG HUI, HE YANGYANG, KONG FANQI, YANG ANNING, XU HUA, ZHANG MINGHAO, JIAO YUN, LI GUIZHONG, CAO JUN, JIA YUEXIA, JIN SHAOJU, WEI JUN, SHI YINGKANG. FABP4-mediated homocysteine-induced cholesterol accumulation in THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages and the potential epigenetic mechanism. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:969-76. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Long Noncoding RNA LOC100129973 Suppresses Apoptosis by Targeting miR-4707-5p and miR-4767 in Vascular Endothelial Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21620. [PMID: 26887505 PMCID: PMC4757888 DOI: 10.1038/srep21620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators of multiple biological processes by altering gene expression at various levels. Apoptosis in vascular endothelial cells (VECs) is closely linked to numerous cardiovascular diseases, such as arteriosclerosis, thrombus formation and plaque erosion. However, studies on lncRNAs in the cardiovascular system are just beginning. And thus far, no anti-apoptosis lncRNAs have been identified in VECs. Here, we focused on the anti-apoptosis roles of lncRNAs in the serum and FGF-2 starvation-induced apoptosis of VECs. Using microarray analysis, we found a novel lncRNA LOC100129973 which acted as an apoptosis inhibitor in VECs. Through sponging miR-4707-5p and miR-4767, lncRNA LOC100129973 upregulated the expression of two apoptosis repressors gene, Apoptosis Inhibitor 5 (API5) and BCL2 like 12 (BCL2L12), and thus alleviated the serum and FGF-2 starvation-induced apoptosis in VECs. This evidence suggests that lncRNA LOC100129973 is an attractive target to improve endothelial function and for therapy of apoptosis related cardiovascular diseases.
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23
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The relevance of epigenetics to occlusive cerebral and peripheral arterial disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 128:537-58. [PMID: 25671777 DOI: 10.1042/cs20140491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Athero-thrombosis of the arteries supplying the brain and lower limb are the main causes of stroke and limb loss. New therapies are needed to improve the outcomes of athero-thrombosis. Recent evidence suggests a role for epigenetic changes in the development and progression of ischaemic injury due to atherosclerotic occlusion of peripheral arteries. DNA hypermethylation have been associated with cardiovascular diseases. Histone post-translational modifications have also been implicated in atherosclerosis. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein regulated pro-inflammatory gene expression within endothelial cells is controlled by phosphorylation/acetylation of histone H3 and acetylation of histone H4 for example. There are a number of challenges in translating the growing evidence implicating epigenetics in atherosclerosis to improved therapies for patients. These include the small therapeutic window in conditions such as acute stroke and critical limb ischaemia, since interventions introduced in such patients need to act rapidly and be safe in elderly patients with many co-morbidities. Pre-clinical animal experiments have also reported conflicting effects of some novel epigenetic drugs, which suggest that further in-depth studies are required to better understand their efficacy in resolving ischaemic injury. Effective ways of dealing with these challenges are needed before epigenetic approaches to therapy can be introduced into practice.
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Jiang X, Ning Q. The emerging roles of long noncoding RNAs in common cardiovascular diseases. Hypertens Res 2015; 38:375-9. [PMID: 25762413 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2015.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are defined as noncoding RNAs that are longer than ~200 nucleotides and lack protein-encoding capacity. It has been shown that lncRNAs are involved in multiple human diseases by regulating gene expression at various levels. However, studies of lncRNAs in the cardiovascular system are still in their infancy. A growing body of evidence suggests that lncRNAs are also involved in common cardiovascular diseases, including cardiac development, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, hypertension and aneurysms. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of lncRNAs in common cardiovascular diseases in an effort to better elucidate the molecular mechanism of cardiovascular diseases and provide a basis for exploring new therapeutic targets in those diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qilan Ning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Gao W, Zhu M, Wang H, Zhao S, Zhao D, Yang Y, Wang ZM, Wang F, Yang ZJ, Lu X, Wang LS. Association of polymorphisms in long non-coding RNA H19 with coronary artery disease risk in a Chinese population. Mutat Res 2015; 772:15-22. [PMID: 25772106 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
H19 is an imprinted gene transcribing a long non-coding RNA and is downregulated postnatally. Re-expression of H19 has been observed in patients with atherosclerosis. However, to date, no data has been published on the association of H19 polymorphisms with the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). In this study, four polymorphisms, rs217727, rs2067051, rs2251375, rs4929984, were analyzed in 701 CAD patients and 873 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Polymorphisms were genotyped by TaqMan technology. Our data showed that the T variant of rs217727 was associated with an increased risk of CAD [additive model: odds ratio (OR)=2.05, 95%CI=1.35-3.12; dominant model: OR=1.46, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.12-1.90; recessive model: OR=1.75, 95%CI=1.18-2.58], while A variant of rs2067051 was associated with a decreased risk of CAD (additive model: OR=0.66, 95%CI=0.45-0.96; recessive model: OR=0.71, 95%CI=0.50-0.99). Combined analysis showed that subjects carrying 3 or 4 risk alleles had a significantly increased risk of CAD, relative to those with 0-2 risk alleles (OR=1.61, 95%CI=1.20-2.15). Moreover, CAD patients with 3 or 4 risk alleles also had significantly higher Gensini scores than those with 0-2 risk alleles (P=0.001). Further haplotype-based analysis revealed that individuals with C-G-C-C, T-G-A-A, and T-A-A-A haplotypes indicated a higher prevalence of CAD (OR=1.88, 95%CI=1.03-3.43; OR=2.26, 95%CI=1.19-4.31; OR=2.66, 95%CI=1.34-5.25, respectively), compared to individuals with the most common C-G-A-C haplotype. In conclusion, our study demonstrates for the first time that common polymorphisms of H19 are associated with the risk and severity of CAD in a Chinese population. Future studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanisms of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ze-Mu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Lian-Sheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Grimaldi V, Vietri MT, Schiano C, Picascia A, De Pascale MR, Fiorito C, Casamassimi A, Napoli C. Epigenetic reprogramming in atherosclerosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2015; 17:476. [PMID: 25433555 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-014-0476-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent data support the involvement of epigenetic alterations in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The most widely investigated epigenetic mechanism is DNA methylation although also histone code changes occur during the diverse steps of atherosclerosis, such as endothelial cell proliferation, vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation, and inflammatory pathway activation. In this review, we focus on the main genes that are epigenetically modified during the atherogenic process, particularly nitric oxide synthase (NOS), estrogen receptors (ERs), collagen type XV alpha 1 (COL15A1), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), and ten-eleven translocation (TET), which are involved in endothelial dysfunction; gamma interferon (IFN-γ), forkhead box p3 (FOXP3), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), associated with atherosclerotic inflammatory process; and p66shc, lectin-like oxLDL receptor (LOX1), and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genes, which are regulated by high cholesterol and homocysteine (Hcy) levels. Furthermore, we also discuss the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) in atherosclerosis. NcRNAs are involved in epigenetic regulation of endothelial function, SMC proliferation, cholesterol synthesis, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Grimaldi
- U.O.C. Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology [SIMT], Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology [LIT], Azienda Universitaria Policlinico (AOU), Second University of Naples (SUN), Piazza L. Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy,
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Wang J, Jiang Y, Yang A, Sun W, Ma C, Ma S, Gong H, Shi Y, Wei J. Hyperhomocysteinemia-Induced Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Promoter DNA Methylation by Nuclear Factor-κB/DNA Methyltransferase 1 in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. Biores Open Access 2013; 2:118-27. [PMID: 23593564 PMCID: PMC3620495 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2012.0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia is considered to be a significant risk factor in atherosclerosis and plays an important role in it. The purpose of this study was to determine the molecular mechanism of blood monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) promoter DNA hypomethylation in the formation of atherosclerosis induced by hyperhomocysteinemia, and to explore the effect of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) in this mechanism. The atherosclerotic effect of MCP-1 in apolipoprotein E–deficient (ApoE−/−) and wild-type C57BL/6J mice was evaluated using atherosclerotic lesion area; serum NF-κB, MCP-1, and DNMT1 levels; and MCP-1 promoter DNA methylation expression. In vitro, the mechanism responsible for the effect of NF-κB/DNMT1 on foam cells was investigated by measuring NF-κB and DNMT1 levels to determine whether NF-κB/DNMT1 had an effect on gene expression. Compared with the control group, atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE−/− mice fed a high methionine diet significantly increased, as did the expression of MCP-1. In vitro study showed that pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate treatment down-regulated levels of NF-κB and raised DNMT1 concentrations, confirming the effect of NF-κB/DNMT1 in the MCP-1 promoter DNA methylation process. In conclusion, our results suggest that through NF-κB/DNMT1, MCP-1 promoter DNA hypomethylation may play a key role in formation of atherosclerosis under hyperhomocysteinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Wang
- Department of Inspection, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan, China
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The potential role of homocysteine mediated DNA methylation and associated epigenetic changes in abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. Atherosclerosis 2013; 228:295-305. [PMID: 23497786 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that homocysteine (Hcy) has wide-ranging biological effects, including accelerating atherosclerosis, impairing post injury endothelial repair and function, deregulating lipid metabolism and inducing thrombosis. However, the biochemical basis by which hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) contributes to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remains largely unknown. Several case-control studies have reported an association between HHcy and the presence of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) and there are supportive data from animal models. Genotypic data concerning the association between variants of genes involved in the methionine cycle and AAA are conflicting probably due to problems such as reverse causality and confounding. The multifactorial nature of AAA suggests the involvement of additional epigenetic factors in disease formation. Elevated Hcy levels have been previously linked to altered DNA methylation levels in various diseases. Folate or vitamin B12 based methods of lowering Hcy have had disappointingly limited effects in reducing CVD events. One possible reason for the limited efficacy of such therapy is that they have failed to reverse epigenetic changes induced by HHcy. It is possible that individuals with HHcy have an "Hcy memory effect" due to epigenetic alterations which continue to promote progression of cardiovascular complications even after Hcy levels are lowered. It is possible that deleterious effect of prior, extended exposure to elevated Hcy concentrations have long-lasting effects on target organs and genes, hence underestimating the benefit of Hcy lowering therapies in CVD patients. Therapies targeting the epigenetic machinery as well as lowering circulating Hcy concentrations may have a more efficacious effect in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular complications.
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Nazarenko MS, Puzyrev VP, Lebedev IN, Frolov AV, Barbarash OL, Barbarash LS. Methylation profiling of DNA in the area of atherosclerotic plaque in humans. Mol Biol 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893311030125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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30
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Feeney KM, Wasson CW, Parish JL. Cohesin: a regulator of genome integrity and gene expression. Biochem J 2010; 428:147-61. [PMID: 20462401 DOI: 10.1042/bj20100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Following DNA replication, chromatid pairs are held together by a proteinacious complex called cohesin until separation during the metaphase-to-anaphase transition. Accurate segregation is achieved by regulation of both sister chromatid cohesion establishment and removal, mediated by post-translational modification of cohesin and interaction with numerous accessory proteins. Recent evidence has led to the conclusion that cohesin is also vitally important in the repair of DNA lesions and control of gene expression. It is now clear that chromosome segregation is not the only important function of cohesin in the maintenance of genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Feeney
- Bute Medical School, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TS, Scotland, U.K
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