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Ibraheem Q. The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) in Colorectal Cancer Progression: Correlation With Clinicopathological Features and Impact on Cellular Processes. Cureus 2024; 16:e61941. [PMID: 38978899 PMCID: PMC11229389 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent and deadly disease characterized by significant molecular complexity. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) has been implicated in cancer progression due to its role in extracellular matrix degradation, yet comprehensive studies linking MMP2 expression to CRC progression and its molecular mechanisms remain needed. Methodology This study involved 90 CRC patients, with tumor and adjacent normal tissues analyzed via immunohistochemistry (IHC) to assess MMP2 expression. The human CRC cell line SW480 was treated with an MMP2 inhibitor, ARP100, and evaluated for changes in cell migration, invasion, proliferation, and apoptosis using various assays, including MTT, wound-healing, transwell, caspase activity, and western blot analysis. Results High MMP2 expression was significantly associated with advanced tumor stages, lymph node involvement, and metastasis in CRC patients. Compared to normal tissues, MMP2 expression was markedly higher in cancerous tissues. Inhibition of MMP2 in SW480 cells resulted in reduced migration, invasion, and proliferation, and induced apoptosis, evidenced by increased caspase 3 and 9 activities and higher levels of cleaved caspase proteins. Conclusion Elevated MMP2 expression is correlated with advanced CRC and aggressive tumor characteristics. MMP2 inhibition can suppress CRC cell invasiveness, migration, and proliferation while promoting apoptosis, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target in CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qais Ibraheem
- Department of Anatomy, Biology and Histology, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, IRQ
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2
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Xue P, Zheng J, Li R, Yan L, Wang Z, Jia Q, Zhang L, Li X. High Expression of KIFC1 in Glioma Correlates with Poor Prognosis. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2024; 67:364-375. [PMID: 38720546 PMCID: PMC11079566 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2023.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Kinesin family member C1 (KIFC1), a non-essential kinesin-like motor protein, has been found to serve a crucial role in supernumerary centrosome clustering and the progression of several human cancer types. However, the role of KIFC1 in glioma has been rarely reported. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the role of KIFC1 in glioma progression. METHODS Online bioinformatics analysis was performed to determine the association between KIFC1 expression and clinical outcomes in glioma. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted to analyze the expression levels of KIFC1 in glioma and normal brain tissues. Furthermore, KIFC1 expression was knocked in the glioma cell lines, U251 and U87MG, and the functional roles of KIFC1 in cell proliferation, invasion and migration were analyzed using cell multiplication, wound healing and Transwell invasion assays, respectively. The autophagic flux and expression levels matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) were also determined using imaging flow cytometry, western blotting and a gelation zymography assay. RESULTS The results revealed that KIFC1 expression levels were significantly upregulated in glioma tissues compared with normal brain tissues, and the expression levels were positively associated with tumor grade. Patients with glioma with low KIFC1 expression levels had a more favorable prognosis compared with patients with high KIFC1 expression levels. In vitro, KIFC1 knockdown not only inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cells, but also increased the autophagic flux and downregulated the expression levels of MMP2. CONCLUSION Upregulation of KIFC1 expression may promote glioma progression and KIFC1 may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and possible therapeutic target for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Juan Zheng
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Medicine Research, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Medicine Research, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Lili Yan
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Medicine Research, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Zhaohao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yantaishan Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Qingbin Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Lianqun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
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3
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Wu Z, Fang ZX, Hou YY, Wu BX, Deng Y, Wu HT, Liu J. Exosomes in metastasis of colorectal cancers: Friends or foes? World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:731-756. [PMID: 37275444 PMCID: PMC10237026 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i5.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common type of cancer worldwide, threaten human health and quality of life. With multidisciplinary, including surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, patients with an early diagnosis of CRC can have a good prognosis. However, metastasis in CRC patients is the main risk factor causing cancer-related death. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of CRC metastasis is the difficult and research focus on the investigation of the CRC mechanism. On the other hand, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been confirmed as having an essential role in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of malignancies, including CRCs. Among the different factors in the TME, exosomes as extracellular vesicles, function as bridges in the communication between cancer cells and different components of the TME to promote the progression and metastasis of CRC. MicroRNAs packaged in exosomes can be derived from different sources and transported into the TME to perform oncogenic or tumor-suppressor roles accordingly. This article focuses on CRC exosomes and illustrates their role in regulating the metastasis of CRC, especially through the packaging of miRNAs, to evoke exosomes as novel biomarkers for their impact on the metastasis of CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ze-Xuan Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan-Yu Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bing-Xuan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua-Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
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Dorard C, Madry C, Buhard O, Toifl S, Didusch S, Ratovomanana T, Letourneur Q, Dolznig H, Garnett MJ, Duval A, Baccarini M. RAF1 contributes to cell proliferation and STAT3 activation in colorectal cancer independently of microsatellite and KRAS status. Oncogene 2023; 42:1649-1660. [PMID: 37020037 PMCID: PMC10181936 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02683-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
More than 30% of all human cancers are driven by RAS mutations and activating KRAS mutations are present in 40% of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the two main CRC subgroups, MSS (Microsatellite Stable) and MSI (Microsatellite Instable). Studies in RAS-driven tumors have shown essential roles of the RAS effectors RAF and specifically of RAF1, which can be dependent or independent of RAF's ability to activate the MEK/ERK module. In this study, we demonstrate that RAF1, but not its kinase activity, plays a crucial role in the proliferation of both MSI and MSS CRC cell line-derived spheroids and patient-derived organoids, and independently of KRAS mutation status. Moreover, we could define a RAF1 transcriptomic signature which includes genes that contribute to STAT3 activation, and could demonstrate that RAF1 ablation decreases STAT3 phosphorylation in all CRC spheroids tested. The genes involved in STAT3 activation as well as STAT3 targets promoting angiogenesis were also downregulated in human primary tumors expressing low levels of RAF1. These results indicate that RAF1 could be an attractive therapeutic target in both MSI and MSS CRC regardless of their KRAS status and support the development of selective RAF1 degraders rather than RAF1 inhibitors for clinical use in combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Dorard
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Center of Molecular Biology, University of Vienna, Max Perutz Labs, Doktor-Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 938 and SIRIC CURAMUS, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, F-75012, Paris, France.
| | - Claire Madry
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 938 and SIRIC CURAMUS, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Buhard
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 938 and SIRIC CURAMUS, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Stefanie Toifl
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Center of Molecular Biology, University of Vienna, Max Perutz Labs, Doktor-Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Didusch
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Center of Molecular Biology, University of Vienna, Max Perutz Labs, Doktor-Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Toky Ratovomanana
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 938 and SIRIC CURAMUS, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Quentin Letourneur
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 938 and SIRIC CURAMUS, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Helmut Dolznig
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 10, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Alex Duval
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 938 and SIRIC CURAMUS, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Manuela Baccarini
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Center of Molecular Biology, University of Vienna, Max Perutz Labs, Doktor-Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030, Vienna, Austria
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5
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Alotaibi AG, Li JV, Gooderham NJ. Tumour Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α)-Induced Metastatic Phenotype in Colorectal Cancer Epithelial Cells: Mechanistic Support for the Role of MicroRNA-21. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:627. [PMID: 36765584 PMCID: PMC9913347 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is driven by genetic and epigenetic changes in cells to confer phenotypes that promote metastatic transformation and development. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a pro-inflammatory mediator, regulates cellular communication within the tumour microenvironment and is associated with the progression of the metastatic phenotype. Oncogenic miR-21 has been shown to be overexpressed in most solid tumours, including colorectal cancer, and is known to target proteins involved in metastatic transformation. In this study, we investigated the relationship between TNF-α and miR-21 regulation in colorectal cancer epithelial cells (SW480 and HCT116). We observed that TNF-α, at concentrations reported to be present in serum and tumour tissue from colorectal cancer patients, upregulated miR-21 expression in both cell lines. TNF-α treatment also promoted cell migration, downregulation of the expression of E-cadherin, a marker of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and anti-apoptotic BCL-2 (a validated target for miR-21). Knockdown of miR-21 had the opposite effect on each of these TNF-a induced phenotypic changes. Additionally, in the SW480 cell line, although TNF-α treatment selectively induced expression of a marker of metastatic progression VEGF-A, it failed to affect MMP2 expression or invasion activity. Our data indicate that exposing colorectal cancer epithelial cells to TNF-α, at concentrations occurring in the serum and tumour microenvironment of colorectal cancer patients, upregulated miR-21 expression and promoted the metastatic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminah G. Alotaibi
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- National Centre for Genomic Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, KACST, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jia V. Li
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Nigel J. Gooderham
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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6
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Mödl B, Moritsch S, Zwolanek D, Eferl R. Type I and II interferon signaling in colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Cytokine 2023; 161:156075. [PMID: 36323190 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Traditional chemotherapy extended the lifespan of cancer patients by only a few months, but targeted therapies and immunotherapy prolonged survival and led to long-term remissions in some cases. Type I and II interferons have direct pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects on cancer cells and stimulate anti-cancer immunity. As a result, interferon production by cells in the tumor microenvironment is in the spotlight of immunotherapies as it affects the responses of anti-cancer immune cells. However, promoting effects of interferons on colorectal cancer metastasis have also been reported. Here we summarize our knowledge about pro- and anti-metastatic effects of type I and II interferons in colorectal cancer liver metastasis and discuss possible therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Mödl
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Moritsch
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Zwolanek
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Eferl
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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7
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Clinical relevance of CERK and SPHK1 in breast cancer and their association with metastasis and drug resistance. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18239. [PMID: 36309544 PMCID: PMC9617946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20976-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous reports on the altered sphingolipids metabolism in human cancers, their clinical significance in breast cancer remains obscure. Previously, we identified the high levels of sphingolipids, ceramide phosphates and sphingosine phosphates, and the genes involved in their synthesis, CERK and SPHK1, in breast cancer patients. The present study aimed to determine the correlations of CERK and SPHK1 with clinical outcomes as well as metastasis and drug resistance markers. Both local and TCGA cohorts were analysed. High-confidence regulatory interaction network was constructed to find association of target genes with metastasis and drug resistance. Furthermore, correlations of CERK and SPHK1 with selected metastasis and drug resistance markers were validated in both cohorts. Overexpression of CERK and SPHK1 was associated with nodal metastasis, late tumor stage and high proliferation potency. In addition, increased CERK expression was also indicative of poor patient survival. Computational network analysis revealed the association of CERK and SPHK1 with known metastasis markers MMP-2 and MMP-9 and drug resistance markers ABCC1 and ABCG2. Correlation analysis confirmed the associations of target genes with these markers in both local as well as TCGA cohort. The above findings suggest clinical utility of CERK and SPHK1 as potential biomarkers in breast cancer patients and thus could provide novel leads in the development of therapeutics.
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8
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Jou E, Rodriguez-Rodriguez N, McKenzie ANJ. Emerging roles for IL-25 and IL-33 in colorectal cancer tumorigenesis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:981479. [PMID: 36263033 PMCID: PMC9573978 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.981479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and is largely refractory to current immunotherapeutic interventions. The lack of efficacy of existing cancer immunotherapies in CRC reflects the complex nature of the unique intestinal immune environment, which serves to maintain barrier integrity against pathogens and harmful environmental stimuli while sustaining host-microbe symbiosis during homeostasis. With their expression by barrier epithelial cells, the cytokines interleukin-25 (IL-25) and IL-33 play key roles in intestinal immune responses, and have been associated with inappropriate allergic reactions, autoimmune diseases and cancer pathology. Studies in the past decade have begun to uncover the important roles of IL-25 and IL-33 in shaping the CRC tumour immune microenvironment, where they may promote or inhibit tumorigenesis depending on the specific CRC subtype. Notably, both IL-25 and IL-33 have been shown to act on group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), but can also stimulate an array of other innate and adaptive immune cell types. Though sometimes their functions can overlap they can also produce distinct phenotypes dependent on the differential distribution of their receptor expression. Furthermore, both IL-25 and IL-33 modulate pathways previously known to contribute to CRC tumorigenesis, including angiogenesis, tumour stemness, invasion and metastasis. Here, we review our current understanding of IL-25 and IL-33 in CRC tumorigenesis, with specific focus on dissecting their individual function in the context of distinct subtypes of CRC, and the potential prospects for targeting these pathways in CRC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Jou
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Kuo IY, Hsieh CH, Kuo WT, Chang CP, Wang YC. Recent advances in conventional and unconventional vesicular secretion pathways in the tumor microenvironment. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:56. [PMID: 35927755 PMCID: PMC9354273 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00837-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
All cells in the changing tumor microenvironment (TME) need a class of checkpoints to regulate the balance among exocytosis, endocytosis, recycling and degradation. The vesicular trafficking and secretion pathways regulated by the small Rab GTPases and their effectors convey cell growth and migration signals and function as meditators of intercellular communication and molecular transfer. Recent advances suggest that Rab proteins govern conventional and unconventional vesicular secretion pathways by trafficking widely diverse cargoes and substrates in remodeling TME. The mechanisms underlying the regulation of conventional and unconventional vesicular secretion pathways, their action modes and impacts on the cancer and stromal cells have been the focus of much attention for the past two decades. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of vesicular secretion pathways in TME. We begin with an overview of the structure, regulation, substrate recognition and subcellular localization of vesicular secretion pathways. We then systematically discuss how the three fundamental vesicular secretion processes respond to extracellular cues in TME. These processes are the conventional protein secretion via the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi apparatus route and two types of unconventional protein secretion via extracellular vesicles and secretory autophagy. The latest advances and future directions in vesicular secretion-involved interplays between tumor cells, stromal cell and host immunity are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ying Kuo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiung Hsieh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Kuo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Peng Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan. .,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ching Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan. .,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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10
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Curtis A, Yu Y, Carey M, Parfrey P, Yilmaz YE, Savas S. Examining SNP-SNP interactions and risk of clinical outcomes in colorectal cancer using multifactor dimensionality reduction based methods. Front Genet 2022; 13:902217. [PMID: 35991579 PMCID: PMC9385108 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.902217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: SNP interactions may explain the variable outcome risk among colorectal cancer patients. Examining SNP interactions is challenging, especially with large datasets. Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (MDR)-based programs may address this problem.Objectives: 1) To compare two MDR-based programs for their utility; and 2) to apply these programs to sets of MMP and VEGF-family gene SNPs in order to examine their interactions in relation to colorectal cancer survival outcomes.Methods: This study applied two data reduction methods, Cox-MDR and GMDR 0.9, to study one to three way SNP interactions. Both programs were run using a 5-fold cross validation step and the top models were verified by permutation testing. Prognostic associations of the SNP interactions were verified using multivariable regression methods. Eight datasets, including SNPs from MMP family genes (n = 201) and seven sets of VEGF-family interaction networks (n = 1,517 SNPs) were examined.Results: ∼90 million potential interactions were examined. Analyses in the MMP and VEGF gene family datasets found several novel 1- to 3-way SNP interactions. These interactions were able to distinguish between the patients with different outcome risks (regression p-values 0.03–2.2E-09). The strongest association was detected for a 3-way interaction including CHRM3.rs665159_EPN1.rs6509955_PTGER3.rs1327460 variants.Conclusion: Our work demonstrates the utility of data reduction methods while identifying potential prognostic markers in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Curtis
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Yajun Yu
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Megan Carey
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Patrick Parfrey
- Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Yildiz E. Yilmaz
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada
- Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Sevtap Savas
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada
- Discipline of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada
- *Correspondence: Sevtap Savas,
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11
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The Colorectal Cancer Tumor Microenvironment and Its Impact on Liver and Lung Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246206. [PMID: 34944826 PMCID: PMC8699466 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Metastasis to secondary organs, such as the liver and lungs, is a key driver of CRC-related mortality. The tumor microenvironment, which consists of the primary cancer cells, as well as associated support and immune cells, significantly affects the behavior of CRC cells at the primary tumor site, as well as in metastatic lesions. In this paper, we review the role of the individual components of the tumor microenvironment on tumor progression, immune evasion, and metastasis, and we discuss the implications of these components on antitumor therapies. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. A total of 20% of CRC patients present with distant metastases, most frequently to the liver and lung. In the primary tumor, as well as at each metastatic site, the cellular components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) contribute to tumor engraftment and metastasis. These include immune cells (macrophages, neutrophils, T lymphocytes, and dendritic cells) and stromal cells (cancer-associated fibroblasts and endothelial cells). In this review, we highlight how the TME influences tumor progression and invasion at the primary site and its function in fostering metastatic niches in the liver and lungs. We also discuss emerging clinical strategies to target the CRC TME.
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12
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Inhibition of Interleukin-6-Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Expression and Invasive Ability of Lemon Peel Polyphenol Extract in Human Primary Colon Cancer Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237076. [PMID: 34885656 PMCID: PMC8658805 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Among matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP-9/2 are key enzymes involved in the proteolysis of extracellular matrices in the inflammatory process and in cancer. Since MMP-9/2 expression levels, activity, and secretion is up-regulated during inflammation in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), many efforts have been devoted to identifying factors that could inhibit the IL-6-induced MMP-9/2 expression. Up to now, several reports indicated that polyphenols from fruits and vegetables are among the major components of health promotion for their antioxidant properties and also for their anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agents. Among plant derived polyphenols, lemon (Citrus limon) peel extract (LPE) shows anti-cancer properties in various cancer types. In our previous work, we demonstrated that LPE can reduce IL-6-induced migration/invasiveness and MMP-9/2 up-regulation in some gastric cancer cell lines. This study aims to exploit the anti-cancer properties of LPE using an in vitro system model of inflammation, consisting of IL-6-exposed human primary colon cancer cells. We first analyzed the effect of LPE on IL-6-induced cell migration and invasiveness by wound healing and Boyden chamber assay, respectively. The MMP-2 mRNA expression levels and gelatinolytic activity in the cell culture media were determined by q-PCR analysis and gelatin zymography, respectively, and finally, the effects of LPE on IL-6-induced JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways have been investigated by Western blotting analysis. Our results show that LPE is able to inhibit the IL-6-dependent cell migration and invasiveness associated with the up-regulation of MMP-2 expression levels and that these effects are correlated to the STAT3 phosphorylation in human primary T88 and T93 colon cancer cells.
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A PDMS-Based Interdigitated Platform for Trophoblast Invasion Study Under Oxygen Stress Conditions. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-021-00035-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Xie Y, Chen R, Yan L, Jia Z, Liang G, Wang Q. Transcription factor HOXC10 activates the expression of MTFR2 to regulate the proliferation, invasion and migration of colorectal cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:797. [PMID: 34523692 PMCID: PMC8456344 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
HOXC10 and mitochondrial fission regulator 2 (MTFR2) have been reported to be abnormally expressed in multiple types of cancer tissues. However, the effects of HOXC10 and MTFR2 on colorectal cancer (CRC) remain poorly understood. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the expression of HOXC10 and MTFR2 in CRC tissues and cells, and analyze their effects on CRC cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to detect the expression levels of MTFR2 and HOXC10 in tissues and cells. To investigate the association between MTFR2 and HOXC10, short hairpin RNA‑MTFR2 and overexpression vector‑HOXC10 were transfected into the cells, respectively. Furthermore, western blotting was performed to detect the expression levels of invasion‑associated proteins. The proliferation, clone formation, invasion and migration of colorectal cancer cells were in turn analyzed by the Cell Counting Kit‑8, clone formation, wound healing and Transwell assays. Japan Automotive Software Platform and Architecture software predicted the binding sites between HOXC10 and MTFR2, which was confirmed by the dual‑luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation. The present study demonstrated that HOXC10 and MTFR2 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly upregulated in CRC tissues and cells. MTFR2 knockdown significantly inhibited CRC cell proliferation, clone formation, invasion and migration. Furthermore, HOXC10 was shown to interact with MTFR2. HOXC10 overexpression was able to significantly reverse the inhibitory effects of MTFR2 knockdown on CRC cells. In conclusion, HOXC10 overexpression activated MTFR2 expression to enhance the proliferation, clone formation, invasion and migration of CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Liujia Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Zhangjun Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Guangshu Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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Shantha Kumara HMC, Miyagaki H, Herath SA, Pettke E, Yan X, Cekic V, Whelan RL. Plasma MMP-2 and MMP-7 levels are elevated first month after surgery and may promote growth of residual metastases. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:879-892. [PMID: 34457193 PMCID: PMC8371512 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i8.879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MMP-2 also known as gelatinase A and MMP-7 (matrilysin) are members of the zinc-dependent family of MMPs (Matrix metalloproteinase). MMP-2 and MMP-7 are remodeling enzymes that digest extracellular matrix; MMP-2 is extensively expressed during development and is upregulated at sites of tissue damage, inflammation, and in stromal cells of metastatic tumors. MMP-7 is expressed in the epithelial cells and in a variety of cancers including colon tumors. Plasma MMP-2 and MMP-7 levels were assessed before and after minimally invasive colorectal resection for cancer pathology.
AIM To determine plasma MMP-2 and MMP-7 levels before and after minimally invasive colorectal resection for cancer pathology.
METHODS Patients enrolled in a plasma bank for whom plasma was available were eligible. Plasma obtained from preoperative (Preop) and postoperative blood samples was used. Only colorectal cancer (CRC) patients who underwent elective minimally invasive cancer resection with preop, post-operative day (POD) 1, 3 and at least 1 late postop sample (POD 7-34) were included. Late samples were bundled into 7 d blocks (POD 7-13, 14-20, etc.) and treated as single time points. Plasma MMP-2 and MMP-7 levels were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in duplicate.
RESULTS Total 88 minimally invasive CRC resection CRC patients were studied (right colectomy, 37%; sigmoid, 24%; and LAR/AR 18%). Cancer stages were: 1, 31%; 2, 30%; 3, 34%; and 4, 5%. Mean Preop MMP-2 plasma level (ng/mL) was 179.3 ± 40.9 (n = 88). Elevated mean levels were noted on POD1 (214.3 ± 51.2, n = 87, P < 0.001), POD3 (258.0 ± 63.9, n = 80, P < 0.001), POD7-13 (229.9 ± 62.3, n = 65, P < 0.001), POD 14-20 (234.9 ± 47.5, n = 25, P < 0.001), POD 21-27 (237.0 ± 63.5, n = 17, P < 0.001,) and POD 28-34 (255.4 ± 59.7, n = 15, P < 0.001). Mean Preop MMP-7 level was 3.9 ± 1.9 (n = 88). No significant differences were noted on POD 1 or 3, however, significantly elevated levels were noted on POD 7-13 (5.7 ± 2.5, n = 65, P < 0.001), POD 14-20 (5.9 ± 2.5, n = 25, P < 0.001), POD 21-27 (6.1 ± 3.6, n = 17, P = 0.002) and on POD 28-34 (6.8 ± 3.3, n = 15 P < 0.001,) vs preop levels.
CONCLUSION MMP-2 levels are elevated for 5 wk and MMP-7 levels elevated for weeks 2-6. The etiology of these changes in unclear, trauma and wound healing likely play a role. These changes may promote residual tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- HMC Shantha Kumara
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY 10028, United States
| | - Hiromichi Miyagaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Suita 565-0862, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sajith A Herath
- Analytic Department, Novartis, Morris Plains, NJ 07905, United States
| | - Erica Pettke
- Department of Surgery, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98122, United States
| | - Xiaohong Yan
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY 10028, United States
| | - Vesna Cekic
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY 10028, United States
| | - Richard L Whelan
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY 10028, United States
- Department of Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, United States
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Gayraud F, Klußmann M, Neundorf I. Recent Advances and Trends in Chemical CPP-Drug Conjugation Techniques. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061591. [PMID: 33805680 PMCID: PMC7998868 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes recent developments in conjugation techniques for the synthesis of cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)–drug conjugates targeting cancer cells. We will focus on small organic molecules as well as metal complexes that were used as cytostatic payloads. Moreover, two principle ways of coupling chemistry will be discussed direct conjugation as well as the use of bifunctional linkers. While direct conjugation of the drug to the CPP is still popular, the use of bifunctional linkers seems to gain increasing attention as it offers more advantages related to the linker chemistry. Thus, three main categories of linkers will be highlighted, forming either disulfide acid-sensitive or stimuli-sensitive bonds. All techniques will be thoroughly discussed by their pros and cons with the aim to help the reader in the choice of the optimal conjugation technique that might be used for the synthesis of a given CPP–drug conjugate
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Yuan H, Liu F, Ma T, Zeng Z, Zhang N. miR-338-3p inhibits cell growth, invasion, and EMT process in neuroblastoma through targeting MMP-2. Open Life Sci 2021; 16:198-209. [PMID: 33817311 PMCID: PMC7968531 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the regulatory mechanisms of miR-338-3p and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in neuroblastoma. Putative target interaction regions of miR-338-3p on MMP-2 were predicted by miRcode and miRbase bioinformatics tools. Relative expression of miRNA-338-3p and MMP-2 in neuroblastoma tissues and GI-LI-N and SK-N-SH cells was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction experiment. Furthermore, the cell proliferation was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, the cell apoptosis rate was analyzed by flow cytometry assay, and the cell invasion was evaluated by transwell assay. miR-338-3p expression was downregulated, whereas MMP-2 expression was upregulated in metastasis tissue site compared to that in primary tissue site in total. Furthermore, miR-338-3p overexpression suppressed proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of neuroblastoma cells but promoted apoptosis, and the knockdown of MMP-2 triggered similar effects. Furthermore, MMP-2 was directly targeted by miR-338-3p, and overexpression of MMP-2 rescued the inhibitory effects of miR-338-3p on human neuroblastoma cell progression. Collectively, these data demonstrated that miR-338-3p could suppress cell growth, invasion, and EMT pathway and induce apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells by targeting MMP-2. MiR-338-3p sponged MMP-2 to regulate the PI3K/AKT pathway in human neuroblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Yuan
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, No.18 Sudi North Road, Quanshan District, 221001, Xuzhou, China
| | - Fengli Liu
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, No.18 Sudi North Road, Quanshan District, 221001, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tongsheng Ma
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, No.18 Sudi North Road, Quanshan District, 221001, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhandong Zeng
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, No.18 Sudi North Road, Quanshan District, 221001, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, No.18 Sudi North Road, Quanshan District, 221001, Xuzhou, China
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Das S, De S, Sengupta S. Post-transcriptional regulation of MMP2 mRNA by its interaction with miR-20a and Nucleolin in breast cancer cell lines. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:2315-2324. [PMID: 33788053 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) is a foremost MMP, governing invasion of breast cancer cells during metastasis. miR-20a was reported to induce mesenchymal to epithelial transition in MDA-MB-231 cells and its endogenous expression varies directly with invasiveness of breast cancer cells. The inverse and direct correlation of invasiveness with miR-20a and Nucleolin respectively led us to study the post-transcriptional regulation of MMP2 by miR-20a and mRNA stabilizing protein, Nucleolin. Thus, understanding the mechanism of its regulation will enable modification of the invasion potential. MMP2 was found to be higher in MDA-MB-231 than MCF-7 cells both at RNA and protein levels. RNA-protein co-immunoprecipitation assay with Argonaute 2 revealed that MMP2 undergoes miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation. miR-20a decreased MMP2 expression as well as its enzymatic activity as found by zymogram assay. Reporter assay showed that miR-20a directly binds to its putative binding site in MMP2 3'-UTR as per in silico prediction. miR-20a additionally impeded MMP2 mRNA stability, and binding of stabilizing trans-factor Nucleolin to its 3'-UTR was confirmed by RNA-protein co-immunoprecipitation assay. Partial down-regulation of Nucleolin by Si-RNA resulted in the downregulation of MMP2 and Nucleolin over-expression rescued the inhibitory effect of miR-20a on MMP2 expression. Delineating the mechanism of post-transcriptional regulation of MMP2, two of its potent regulators, miR-20a and Nucleolin were identified. It was established for the first time that MMP2 is a direct target of miR-20a. The results also elucidated that Nucleolin binds to MMP2 3' UTR and its abundance affects MMP2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantani Das
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Soumasree De
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Sumita Sengupta
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, India.
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Kołat D, Kałuzińska Ż, Bednarek AK, Płuciennik E. Fragile Gene WWOX Guides TFAP2A/ TFAP2C-Dependent Actions Against Tumor Progression in Grade II Bladder Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:621060. [PMID: 33718178 PMCID: PMC7947623 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.621060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The presence of common fragile sites is associated with no-accidental chromosomal instability which occurs prior to carcinogenesis. The WWOX gene spans the second most active fragile site: FRA16D. Chromosomal breakage at this site is more common in bladder cancer patients who are tobacco smokers which suggests the importance of WWOX gene loss regarding bladder carcinogenesis. Tryptophan domains of WWOX are known to recognize motifs of other proteins such as AP-2α and AP-2γ allowing protein-protein interactions. While the roles of both AP-2 transcription factors are important for bladder carcinogenesis, their nature is different. Based on the literature, AP-2γ appears to be oncogenic, whereas AP-2α mainly exhibits tumor suppressor character. Presumably, the interaction between WWOX and both transcription factors regulates thousands of genes, hence the aim of the present study was to determine WWOX, AP-2α, and AP-2γ function in modulating biological processes of bladder cancer. METHODS RT-112 cell line (grade II bladder cancer) was subjected to two stable lentiviral transductions. Overall, this resulted in six variants to investigate distinct WWOX, AP-2α, or AP-2γ function as well as WWOX in collaboration with a particular transcription factor. Cellular models were examined with immunocytochemical staining and in terms of differences in biological processes using assays investigating cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, clonogenicity, migration, activity of metalloproteinases and 3D culture growth. RESULTS WWOX overexpression increased apoptosis but decreased cell viability, migration and large spatial colonies. AP-2α overexpression decreased tumor cell viability, migratory potential, matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity and clonogenicity. AP-2γ overexpression decreased matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity but increased wound healing, adhesion, clonogenicity and spatial colony formation. WWOX and AP-2α overexpression induced apoptosis but decreased cell viability, adhesion, matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity, overall number of cultured colonies and migration rate. WWOX and AP-2γ overexpression decreased tumor cell viability, proliferation potential, adhesion, clonogenicity and the ability to create spatial structures, but also increased apoptosis or migration rate. CONCLUSION Co-overexpression of WWOX with AP-2α or WWOX with AP-2γ resulted in a net anti-tumor effect. However, considering this research findings and the difference between AP-2α and AP-2γ, we suggest that this similarity is due to a divergent behavior of WWOX.
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Rezaei T, Hejazi M, Mansoori B, Mohammadi A, Amini M, Mosafer J, Rezaei S, Mokhtarzadeh A, Baradaran B. microRNA-181a mediates the chemo-sensitivity of glioblastoma to carmustine and regulates cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 888:173483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Liu S, de Medeiros MC, Fernandez EM, Zarins KR, Cavalcante RG, Qin T, Wolf GT, Figueroa ME, D'Silva NJ, Rozek LS, Sartor MA. 5-Hydroxymethylation highlights the heterogeneity in keratinization and cell junctions in head and neck cancers. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:175. [PMID: 33203436 PMCID: PMC7672859 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most prevalent cancer worldwide, with human papillomavirus (HPV)-related HNSCC rising to concerning levels. Extensive clinical, genetic and epigenetic differences exist between HPV-associated HNSCC and HPV-negative HNSCC, which is often linked to tobacco use. However, 5-hydroxymethylation (5hmC), an oxidative derivative of DNA methylation and its heterogeneity among HNSCC subtypes, has not been studied. RESULTS We characterized genome-wide 5hmC profiles in HNSCC by HPV status and subtype in 18 HPV(+) and 18 HPV(-) well-characterized tumors. Results showed significant genome-wide hyper-5hmC in HPV(-) tumors, with both promoter and enhancer 5hmC able to distinguish meaningful tumor subgroups. We identified specific genes whose differential expression by HPV status is driven by differential hydroxymethylation. CDKN2A (p16), used as a key biomarker for HPV status, exhibited the most extensive hyper-5hmC in HPV(+) tumors, while HPV(-) tumors showed hyper-5hmC in CDH13, TIMP2, MMP2 and other cancer-related genes. Among the previously reported two HPV(+) subtypes, IMU (stronger immune response) and KRT (more keratinization), the IMU subtype revealed hyper-5hmC and up-regulation of genes in cell migration, and hypo-5hmC with down-regulation in keratinization and cell junctions. We experimentally validated our key prediction of higher secreted and intracellular protein levels of the invasion gene MMP2 in HPV(-) oral cavity cell lines. CONCLUSION Our results implicate 5hmC in driving differences in keratinization, cell junctions and other cancer-related processes among tumor subtypes. We conclude that 5hmC levels are critical for defining tumor characteristics and potentially used to define clinically meaningful cancer patient subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Liu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 100 Washtenaw Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2218, USA
| | | | - Evan M Fernandez
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 100 Washtenaw Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2218, USA
| | - Katie R Zarins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | | | - Tingting Qin
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 100 Washtenaw Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2218, USA
| | - Gregory T Wolf
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Maria E Figueroa
- Department of Human Genetics and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Nisha J D'Silva
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Laura S Rozek
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Maureen A Sartor
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 100 Washtenaw Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2218, USA. .,Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Panyathep A, Chewonarin T. Inhibitory effect of a gamma-oryzanol-rich fraction from purple rice extract on lipopolysaccharide-induced metastasis in human colon cancer cells. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13487. [PMID: 33029825 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of colon cancer recurrence and metastasis is known to increase as an adverse effect related to postoperative infection. Lipopolysaccharide or LPS, which is derived from gram-negative bacteria, is a key inducer of inflammatory-related tumor metastasis. Although there are numerous known biological effects of purple rice extract (PRE), its protective effect on colon metastasis was unknown. This study first evaluated the effects of hexane soluble fraction (HSF) or γ-oryzanol-rich fraction of PRE on LPS-induced colon cancer adhesion and invasion, which was accomplished using adhesive and invasive assay. Gelatin zymography was also utilized for gelatinase activity and secretion. Its chelating activity was also further analyzed by reverse gelatin zymography with zinc chloride. The study findings support the synergistic effect of HSF in protection against adverse events from LPS-induced colon cancer metastasis, as shown by effects on adhesive and invasive ability as well as matrix metalloproteinase-2 secretion and activity. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Bacterial infection is still one of the main adverse events following abdominal cancer surgery and is associated with an increased incidence of colon cancer metastasis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major component of this pathogen-mediated response. This first study investigated the efficiency of a gamma-oryzanol (OR) rich fraction, collected from purple rice extract (PRE), against LPS-induced colon cancer metastasis that occurs via three main steps; adhesion to the extracellular matrix, the secretion, and activity of gelatinase and further tissue invasion. The acquired data supported the role of an OR-rich fraction from PRE as a potential inhibitor to LPS-induced colon cancer progression. This finding, related to PRE, could be further developed to create a new adjunctive treatment to reduce operative complications related to bowel cancer surgery as well as increasing the value of this crop in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atita Panyathep
- School of Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Teera Chewonarin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Morini SR, Denadai MV, Waisberg J, Lopes Filho GDJ, Matos D, Saad SS. Metalloproteinases and colorectal cancer. Correlation of gene expression and clinical-pathological parameters. Acta Cir Bras 2020; 35:e202000707. [PMID: 32813775 PMCID: PMC7433662 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020200070000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze gene and protein expression of metalloproteinases 1, 2, 9, 11 and 16 and their correlation with clinicopathological variables in colorectal adenocarcinoma. METHODS A retrospective study of 114 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma treated surgically in the period 2006 to 2008 in Hospital de Câncer de Barretos - Fundação Pio XII. The evaluation of gene expression was performed by RT-PCR, and protein by immunohistochemistry. The analysis of gene expression was classified as overexpressed genes and poorly expressed (fold change of approximately 2, p<0.05). The positivity of the markers in the immunohistochemical study was performed by semi-quantitative analysis. The tissue of TMA (Tissue Microarray) was done by two independent pathologists. RESULTS The gene expression validated by immuno - histochemical was MMP-1(p= 0.00 and 1.57 fold change) and MMP - 2 (p= 0.01 and - 1.84 to fold change) when correlated with the histological types mucinous and adenocarcinoma NOS, MMP9 (p=0.01 and fold change of 1.13) and MMP-16 (p=0.03 and 1.61 fold change) when compared with the histological types villous and adenocarcinoma NOS, MMP - 11 statistically significant in relation to male (p = 0.04 and 1.65 fold change). CONCLUSIONS The MMPs 1, 2, 9, 11 and 16 gene and protein expression with statistical significance in at least one of the clinicopathological variables studied. Thus, we conclude that these MMPs have potential as a prognostic factor in colorectal adenocarcinoma.
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Jafarian AH, Kooshki Forooshani M, Reisi H, Mohamadian Roshan N. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) Expression in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma and Its Association with Clinicopathologic Factors. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 15:326-333. [PMID: 32944046 PMCID: PMC7477682 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2020.95177.1940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objective: Matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) is one of the most important enzymes to breakdown extracellular matrix which plays a major role in tumor invasion and metastasis. This study aimed to determine tumor MMP-9 expression in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and whether it is associated with histopathologic factors and has prognostic value to affect overall survival (OS). Methods: The specimens of 92 patients with NSCLC diagnosis were included. Tumor sections were stained by immunohistochemistry method. Using scores for the percentage of cells positively stained and the intensity of staining, MMP-9 expression total score was classified as low-score (scores of 0 to 2), moderate-score (scores of 3 to 5), or high-score (scores of 6 or 7). OS was defined as the time interval since the diagnosis of NSCLC to the status at the last follow-up (dead or alive). The follow up period was up to 70 months. Results: About 74% of undifferentiated specimens (grade III tumors) showed high scores for MMP-9 expression which was significantly higher than moderately differentiated tumors (25% had high scores for MMP-9 expression) and well differentiated ones which did not have high scores (P<0.001). A total of 74 patients (80.4%) died during the follow-up period. Of this, 36% had high scores for MMP-9 expression. In contrast, none of the patients who were alive at the last follow-up had high scores for MMP-9 expression (P<0.001). Median OS was significantly lower in high score group (6 months) compared to moderate score (9 months) and high score group (15 months) (P<0.001). Conclusion: MMP-9 expression may serve as a significant prognostic factor for mortality and overall survival in NSCLC. Undifferentiated tumors significantly express higher MMP-9 immunohistochemically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Jafarian
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Reisi
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nema Mohamadian Roshan
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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25
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Su CM, Weng YS, Kuan LY, Chen JH, Hsu FT. Suppression of PKCδ/NF-κB Signaling and Apoptosis Induction through Extrinsic/Intrinsic Pathways Are Associated Magnolol-Inhibited Tumor Progression in Colorectal Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103527. [PMID: 32429376 PMCID: PMC7278962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnolol is one of the hydroxylated biphenyl compounds from the root and stem bark of Magnolia officinalis, which shown to possess anti-colorectal cancer (CRC) effects. However, the regulatory mechanism of magnolol on apoptosis and NF-κB signaling in human CRC has not been elucidated. Thus, we investigated the inhibitory mechanism of magnolol on human and mouse CRC (HT-29 and CT-26) in vitro and in vivo. Results from reporter gene assay indicated that both magnolol and rottlerin (PKCδ inhibitor) reduced the endogenous NF-κB activity. In addition, indolactam V (PKCδ activator)-induced NF-κB signaling was significantly suppressed with both magnolol and rottlerin treatment. Results from Western blotting also indicated that phosphorylation of PKCδ and NF-κB -related proteins involved in tumor progression were effectively decreased by magnolol treatment. The invasion capacity of CRC cells was also attenuated by both magnolol and rottlerin. Furthermore, magnolol triggered Fas/Fas-L mediated extrinsic apoptosis and mitochondria mediated intrinsic apoptosis were validated by flow cytometry. Most importantly, tumor growth in both HT-29 and CT-26 bearing mice were suppressed by magnolol, but no pathologic change was detected in mice kidney, spleen, and liver. As confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining from tumor tissue, PKCδ/NF-κB signaling and downstream proteins expression were decreased, while apoptotic proteins expression was increased in the magnolol treated group. According to these results, we suggest that the induction of apoptosis through extrinsic/intrinsic pathways and the blockage of PKCδ/NF-κB signaling are associated with the magnolol-inhibited progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Min Su
- Department of Surgery, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
| | - Yueh-Shan Weng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Lin-Yen Kuan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (L.-Y.K.); (J.-H.C.)
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Hwa Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (L.-Y.K.); (J.-H.C.)
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Fei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +886-4-22053366 (ext. 2532)
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26
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Jeong JH, Ryu JH. Broussoflavonol B from Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold Exerts Anti-Pancreatic Cancer Activity through Downregulating FoxM1. Molecules 2020; 25:E2328. [PMID: 32429421 PMCID: PMC7287790 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has a high mortality rate due to poor rates of early diagnosis. One tumor suppressor gene in particular, p53, is frequently mutated in pancreatic cancer, and mutations in p53 can inactivate normal wild type p53 activity and increase expression of transcription factor forkhead box M1 (FoxM1). Overexpression of FoxM1 accelerates cellular proliferation and cancer progression. Therefore, inhibition of FoxM1 represents a therapeutic strategy for treating pancreatic cancer. Broussoflavonol B (BF-B), isolated from the stem bark of Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold has previously been shown to inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells. This study aimed to investigate whether BF-B exhibits anti-pancreatic cancer activity and if so, identify the underlying mechanism. BF-B reduced cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest, and inhibited cell migration and invasion of human pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells (p53 mutated). Interestingly, BF-B down-regulated FoxM1 expression at both the mRNA and protein level. It also suppressed the expression of FoxM1 downstream target genes, such as cyclin D1, cyclin B1, and survivin. Cell cycle analysis showed that BF-B induced the arrest of G0/G1 phase. BF-B reduced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½ (ERK½) and expression of ERK½ downstream effector c-Myc, which regulates cell proliferation. Furthermore, BF-B inhibited cell migration and invasion, which are downstream functional properties of FoxM1. These results suggested that BF-B could repress pancreatic cancer cell proliferation by inactivation of the ERK/c-Myc/FoxM1 signaling pathway. Broussoflavonol B from Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold may represent a novel chemo-therapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jae-Ha Ryu
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea;
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27
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Licarete E, Rauca VF, Luput L, Drotar D, Stejerean I, Patras L, Dume B, Toma VA, Porfire A, Gherman C, Sesarman A, Banciu M. Overcoming Intrinsic Doxorubicin Resistance in Melanoma by Anti-Angiogenic and Anti-Metastatic Effects of Liposomal Prednisolone Phosphate on Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082968. [PMID: 32340166 PMCID: PMC7215436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Regardless of recent progress, melanoma is very difficult to treat, mainly due to the drug resistance modulated by tumor cells as well as by the tumor microenvironment (TME). Among the immune cells recruited at the tumor site, tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant, promoting important tumorigenic processes: angiogenesis, inflammation and invasiveness. Furthermore, it has been shown that TAMs are involved in mediating the drug resistance of melanoma cells. Thus, in the present study, we used liposomal formulation of prednisolone disodium phosphate (LCL-PLP) to inhibit the protumor function of TAMs with the aim to sensitize the melanoma cells to the cytotoxic drug doxorubicin (DOX) to which human melanoma has intrinsic resistance. Consequently, we evaluated the in vivo effects of the concomitant administration of LCL-PLP and liposomal formulation of DOX (LCL-DOX) on B16.F10 melanoma growth and on the production of key molecular markers for tumor development. Our results demonstrated that the concomitant administration of LCL-PLP and LCL-DOX induced a strong inhibition of tumor growth, primarily by inhibiting TAMs-mediated angiogenesis as well as the tumor production of MMP-2 and AP-1. Moreover, our data suggested that the combined therapy also affected TME as the number of infiltrated macrophages in melanoma microenvironment was reduced significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Licarete
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.L.); (V.F.R.); (L.L.); (D.D.); (I.S.); (L.P.); (B.D.); (V.A.T.); (M.B.)
- Molecular Biology Centre, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Valentin Florian Rauca
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.L.); (V.F.R.); (L.L.); (D.D.); (I.S.); (L.P.); (B.D.); (V.A.T.); (M.B.)
- Centre of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lavinia Luput
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.L.); (V.F.R.); (L.L.); (D.D.); (I.S.); (L.P.); (B.D.); (V.A.T.); (M.B.)
- Centre of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Denise Drotar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.L.); (V.F.R.); (L.L.); (D.D.); (I.S.); (L.P.); (B.D.); (V.A.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Ioana Stejerean
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.L.); (V.F.R.); (L.L.); (D.D.); (I.S.); (L.P.); (B.D.); (V.A.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Laura Patras
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.L.); (V.F.R.); (L.L.); (D.D.); (I.S.); (L.P.); (B.D.); (V.A.T.); (M.B.)
- Centre of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bogdan Dume
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.L.); (V.F.R.); (L.L.); (D.D.); (I.S.); (L.P.); (B.D.); (V.A.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Vlad Alexandru Toma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.L.); (V.F.R.); (L.L.); (D.D.); (I.S.); (L.P.); (B.D.); (V.A.T.); (M.B.)
- Institute of Biological Research, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Porfire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Claudia Gherman
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Alina Sesarman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.L.); (V.F.R.); (L.L.); (D.D.); (I.S.); (L.P.); (B.D.); (V.A.T.); (M.B.)
- Centre of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-264-431-691; Fax: +40-264-431-858
| | - Manuela Banciu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.L.); (V.F.R.); (L.L.); (D.D.); (I.S.); (L.P.); (B.D.); (V.A.T.); (M.B.)
- Centre of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Mei Y, Zhu Y, Teo HY, Liu Y, Song Y, Lim HY, Binte Hanafi Z, Angeli V, Liu H. The indirect antiangiogenic effect of IL-37 in the tumor microenvironment. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:783-796. [PMID: 32125036 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ma0220-207rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-37, a newly identified IL-1 family cytokine, has been shown to play an important role in inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, and carcinogenesis. IL-37 has been suggested to suppress tumoral angiogenesis, whereas some publications showed that IL-37 promoted angiogenesis through TGF-β signaling in both physiologic and pathologic conditions. Therefore, the function of IL-37 in tumoral angiogenesis is not clear and the underlying mechanism is not known. In this current study, we investigated the direct role of IL-37 on endothelial cells, as well as its indirect effect on angiogenesis through functioning on tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. We found that IL-37 treatment directly promoted HUVEC migration and tubule formation, indicating IL-37 as a proangiogenic factor. Surprisingly, the supernatants from IL-37 overexpressing tumor cell line promoted HUVEC apoptosis and inhibited its migration and tubule formation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that IL-37 suppressed tumor angiogenesis in a murine orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma model, suggesting its dominant antiangiogenesis role in vivo. Moreover, microarray and qPCR analysis demonstrated that IL-37 reduced the expressions of proangiogenic factors and increased the expressions of antiangiogenic factors by tumor cells. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 expression was significantly decreased by IL-37 in both cell lines and murine tumor models. MMP9 and vascular endothelial growth factor expressions were also reduced in murine tumors overexpressing IL-37, as well as in cell lines overexpressing IL-37 under hypoxic conditions. In conclusion, although IL-37 could exert direct proangiogenic effects on endothelial cells, it plays an antiangiogenic role via modulating proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factor expressions by tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mei
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ying Zhu
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huey Yee Teo
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yonghao Liu
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuan Song
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hwee Ying Lim
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zuhairah Binte Hanafi
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Veronique Angeli
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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29
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Yan X, Li M, Chen L, Peng X, Que ZJ, An HM, Shen KP, Hu B. α‑Solanine inhibits growth and metastatic potential of human colorectal cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2020; 43:1387-1396. [PMID: 32323807 PMCID: PMC7107943 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Solanum nigrum L. (Longkui) is one the most widely used anticancer herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. α‑Solanine is an important ingredient of S. nigrum L. and has demonstrated anticancer properties in various types of cancer. However, the effects of α‑solanine on colorectal cancer remain elusive. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of α‑solanine on human colorectal cancer cells. The results demonstrated that α‑solanine inhibited the proliferation of RKO cells in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner. In addition, α‑solanine arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase and suppressed the expression levels of cyclin D1 and cyclin‑dependent kinase 2 in RKO cells. α‑Solanine induced apoptosis of RKO cells, as indicated by morphological changes and positive Annexin‑FITC/propidium iodide staining. Additionally, α‑solanine activated caspase‑3, ‑8 and ‑9 in RKO cells, which contributed to α‑solanine‑induced apoptosis. α‑Solanine also increased the generation of reactive oxygen species, which contributed to caspase activation and induction of apoptosis. α‑Solanine inhibited the migration, invasion and adhesion of RKO cells, as well as the expression levels and activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑2 and MMP‑9. In addition, α‑solanine inhibited cell proliferation, activated caspase‑3, ‑8 and ‑9, induced apoptosis, and inhibited the migration and invasion of HCT‑116 cells. Furthermore, α‑solanine inhibited tumor growth and induced apoptosis in vivo. These findings demonstrated that α‑solanine effectively suppressed the growth and metastatic potential of human colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Oncology, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Miao Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Oncology, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Oncology, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Peng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Oncology, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zu-Jun Que
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Oncology, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Mei An
- Department of Science and Technology, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Ping Shen
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Bing Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Oncology, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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30
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Luput L, Sesarman A, Porfire A, Achim M, Muntean D, Casian T, Patras L, Rauca VF, Drotar DM, Stejerean I, Tomuta I, Vlase L, Dragos N, Toma VA, Licarete E, Banciu M. Liposomal simvastatin sensitizes C26 murine colon carcinoma to the antitumor effects of liposomal 5-fluorouracil in vivo. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:1344-1356. [PMID: 31960547 PMCID: PMC7156830 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil-based therapy remains the main approach in colorectal cancer, even though there are still some drawbacks, such as chemoresistance. In this study we combined 5-fluorouracil encapsulated in long-circulating liposomes with simvastatin, also encapsulated in long-circulating liposomes, that was previously proved to exert antitumor actions on the same tumor model. The production of angiogenic/inflammatory proteins was assessed by protein array and the production of markers for tumor aggressiveness (Bcl-2, Bax, and nuclear factor [NF]-κB) were determined by western blot analysis. Intratumor oxidative stress was evaluated through measurement of malondialdehyde level by HPLC, and through spectrophotometric analysis of catalytic activity of catalase and of total antioxidant capacity. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumors for CD31 expression was assessed. Intratumor activity of MMP-2 by gelatin zymography was also carried out. Our results revealed that combined therapies based on liposomal formulations exerted enhanced antitumor activities compared with combined treatment with free drugs. Sequential treatment with liposomal simvastatin and liposomal 5-fluorouracil showed the strongest antitumor activity in C26 colon carcinoma in vivo, mainly through inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. Important markers for cancer progression (Bcl-2, Bax, NF-κB, and intratumor antioxidants) showed that liposomal simvastatin might sensitize C26 cells to liposomal 5-fluorouracil treatment in both regimens tested. The outcome of simultaneous treatment with liposomal formulations was superior to sequential treatment with both liposomal types as the invasive capacity of C26 tumors was strongly increased after the latest treatment. The antitumor efficacy of combined therapy in C26 colon carcinoma might be linked to the restorative effects on proteins balance involved in tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Luput
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Molecular Biology Centre, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Sesarman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Molecular Biology Centre, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Porfire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marcela Achim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana Muntean
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tibor Casian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laura Patras
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Molecular Biology Centre, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Valentin Florian Rauca
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Molecular Biology Centre, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Denise Minerva Drotar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Stejerean
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioan Tomuta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laurian Vlase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nicolae Dragos
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Taxonomy and Ecology Department, Institute of Biological Research, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vlad Alexandru Toma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Experimental Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Research Cluj-Napoca, branch of NIRDBS Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Emilia Licarete
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Molecular Biology Centre, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Manuela Banciu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Molecular Biology Centre, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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31
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p73 - NAV3 axis plays a critical role in suppression of colon cancer metastasis. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:12. [PMID: 32029709 PMCID: PMC7005187 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-0193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
p73 is a member of the p53 tumor suppressor family, which transactivates p53-responsive genes and mediates DNA damage response. Recent evidences suggest that p73 exerts its tumor suppressor functions by suppressing metastasis, but the exact mechanism remains unknown. Here, we identify Navigator-3 (NAV3), a microtubule-binding protein, as a novel transcriptional target of p73, which gets upregulated by DNA damage in a p73-dependent manner and plays a vital role in p73-mediated inhibition of cancer cell invasion, migration, and metastasis. Induction of p73 in response to DNA damage leads to rapid increase in endogenous NAV3 mRNA and protein levels. Through bioinformatic analysis, we identified two p73-binding sites in NAV3 promoter. Consistent with this, p73 binding to NAV3 promoter was confirmed through luciferase, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, and site-directed mutagenesis assays. Abrogation of NAV3 and p73 expression significantly increased the invasion and migration rate of colorectal cancer cells as confirmed by wound-healing, cell invasion, and cell migration assays. Also, knockdown of NAV3 decreased the expression of E-cadherin and increased the expression of other prominent mesenchymal markers such as N-cadherin, Snail, Vimentin, and Fibronectin. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed the downregulation of both NAV3 and p73 expression in metastatic colon cancer tissues as compared to non-metastatic cancer tissues. Additionally, the expression pattern of NAV3 and p73 showed extensively significant correlation in both non-metastatic and metastatic human colon cancer tissue samples. Taken together, our study provide conclusive evidence that Navigator-3 is a direct transcriptional target of p73 and plays crucial role in response to genotoxic stress in p73-mediated inhibition of cancer cell invasion, migration, and metastasis.
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Liu L, Xie D, Xie H, Huang W, Zhang J, Jin W, Jiang W, Xie D. ARHGAP10 Inhibits the Proliferation and Metastasis of CRC Cells via Blocking the Activity of RhoA/AKT Signaling Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:11507-11516. [PMID: 31920339 PMCID: PMC6938210 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s222564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction ARHGAP10 belongs to the ARHGAP family, which is downregulated in certain human tumors. However, the detailed function of ARHGAP10 remains unclear in human colon carcinoma (CRC). In the current study, we aimed to explore the role of ARHGAP10 in the growth and metastasis of CRC cells. Methods ARHGAP10 was induced silencing and overexpression using RNA interference (RNAi) and lentiviral-vector in CRC cells. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were used to quantify the mRNA and protein contents of ARHGAP10. Cell proliferation was determined by using Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). Transwell assay was utilized to examine the role of ARHGAP10 in the migration and invasion of CRC cells. Results Our results indicated that ARHGAP10 was downregulated in human CRC tissues and low expression of ARHGAP10 was associated with poor prognosis of patients with CRC. Moreover, ARHGAP10 overexpression significantly inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of CRC cells. Moreover, a PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 was utilized to examine the connection between ARHGAP10 and AKT. Our findings demonstrated that the AKT inhibitor LY294002 could rescue the function of ARHGAP10 in CRC cells. Discussion It was the first time to elucidate that AKT involved in the ARHGAP10 signaling pathway and ARHGAP10 negatively mediated the phosphorylation of AKT (p-AKT) and RhoA activity in CRC cells. Interestingly, the Rho/MRTF/SRF inhibitor CCG-1423 significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT in ARHGAP10 siRNA transfected CRC cells. Much importantly, overexpression of ARHGAP10 deeply suppressed the metastasis of CRC cells in the lung in vivo. Taken together, our findings not only enhanced the understanding of the anti-cancer effect of ARHGAP10 in CRC cells but also indicated its underlying pathway in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Dahua Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyu Xie
- Department of Spleen-Stomach, Zhenjiang Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Spleen-Stomach, Zhenjiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haina Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Dahua Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenye Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Dahua Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghao Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
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Mousa AM, El-Sammad NM, Abdel-Halim AH, Anwar N, Khalil WKB, Nawwar M, Hashim AN, Elsayed EA, Hassan SK. Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers Leaf Extract Attenuates Lung Tumorigenesis via Alleviating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E871. [PMID: 31842482 PMCID: PMC6995620 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major etiological factors that account for lung cancer is tobacco use. Benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P], one of the main constituents of tobacco smoke, has a key role in lung carcinogenesis. The present study was conducted to investigate the cytotoxicity of an aqueous ethanolic extract of Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers leaves (LLE) on human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549), as well as its in vivo antitumor effect on a lung tumorigenesis mice model. Our results revealed that LLE possesses cytotoxic activity against the A549 cell line. Mice orally administered B(a)P (50 mg/kg body weight) showed an increase in relative lung weight with subsequent decrease in final body weight. Serum levels of tumor marker enzymes AHH, ADA and LDH and the inflammatory mediator NF-κB increased, while total antioxidant capacity (TAC) decreased. In addition, we observed the increased activity of metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-12) and levels of the tumor angiogenesis marker VEFG and the lipid peroxidation marker MDA, as well as decreased levels of the non-enzymatic antioxidant GSH and enzymatic antioxidants CAT and GSH-Px in lung tissues. Moreover, B(a)P administration up-regulated the expression of the COX-2 gene, pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, and an anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2, and at the same time down-regulated expression of pro-apoptotic genes BAX and caspase-3 and the p53 gene. Pre- and post-treatment with LLE (250 mg/kg body weight) attenuated all these abnormalities. Histopathological observations verified the protective effect of LLE. Overall, the present data positively confirm the potent antitumor effect of L. speciosa leaves against lung tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amria M. Mousa
- Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt; (A.M.M.); (N.M.E.-S.); (A.H.A.-H.); (S.K.H.)
| | - Nermin M. El-Sammad
- Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt; (A.M.M.); (N.M.E.-S.); (A.H.A.-H.); (S.K.H.)
| | - Abeer H. Abdel-Halim
- Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt; (A.M.M.); (N.M.E.-S.); (A.H.A.-H.); (S.K.H.)
| | - Nayera Anwar
- Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 12796, Egypt
| | - Wagdy K. B. Khalil
- Cell Biology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Nawwar
- Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Amani N. Hashim
- Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Elsayed A. Elsayed
- Zoology Department, Bioproducts Research Chair, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Sherien K. Hassan
- Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt; (A.M.M.); (N.M.E.-S.); (A.H.A.-H.); (S.K.H.)
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Kalikawe R, Baba Y, Nomoto D, Okadome K, Miyake K, Eto K, Hiyoshi Y, Nagai Y, Iwatsuki M, Ishimoto T, Iwagami S, Miyamoto Y, Yoshida N, Watanabe M, Baba H. Lysyl oxidase impacts disease outcomes and correlates with global DNA hypomethylation in esophageal cancer. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:3727-3737. [PMID: 31599475 PMCID: PMC6890447 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal function of human body enzymes and epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation have been shown to lead to human carcinogenesis. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) enzyme has attracted attention due to its involvement in tumor progression in various cancers. The purpose of this study was to clarify the clinical importance of LOX expression and its epigenetic regulation in the pathogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Using a database of 284 ESCCs, we examined LOX expression and its prognostic characteristics. The functional role of LOX was assessed by in vitro growth, migration, and invasion assays. The relationship between LOX expression, global DNA hypomethylation (ie, LINE‐1 methylation), and LOX promoter methylation was evaluated by using mRNA expression arrays and pyrosequencing technology. High LOX expression cases had a significantly shorter overall survival and cancer‐specific survival (log‐rank, P < .001). The prognostic effect of LOX expression was not significantly modified by other clinical variables. Silencing and enzymatic inhibition of LOX suppressed growth and reduced the invasion and migration ability of ESCC cell lines along with the downregulation of AKT and MMP2. An integrated gene analysis in tissues and cell lines revealed that LOX was the most highly upregulated gene in LINE‐1 hypomethylated tumors. In vitro, LOX expression was upregulated following DNA demethylation. LOX promoter methylation was not associated with LOX expression. Conclusively LOX expression was associated with poor prognosis in ESCC and was regulated epigenetically by genome‐wide hypomethylation. It could serve as a prognostic biomarker in ESCC patients, and therapeutically targeting LOX could reverse the progression of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kalikawe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daichi Nomoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuo Okadome
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miyake
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kojiro Eto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yukiharu Hiyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Youhei Nagai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwatsuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shiro Iwagami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Japan
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Yang L, Zhang R, Yang J, Bi T, Zhou S. FKBP14 Promotes The Proliferation And Migration Of Colon Carcinoma Cells Through Targeting IL-6/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:9069-9076. [PMID: 31802914 PMCID: PMC6830384 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s222555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE FK506-binding proteins 14 (FKBP14), a highly conserved protein, is identified as an oncogene in certain human tumors. However, the detailed biological function of FKBP14 in colon carcinoma remains unclear. The purpose of the present research is to examine the role of FKBP14 in human colon carcinoma cells. METHODS In the present study, FKBP14 induced silencing and overexpression in colon carcinoma cells by using RNA interference (RNAi) and lentiviral vector, respectively. A specific JAK/STAT inhibitor AG490 was used to explore the relationship between FKBP14 and STAT3 in colon carcinoma cells. Moreover, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were used to examine the level of FKBP14 in colon carcinoma cells. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to determine the proliferation rate of colon carcinoma cells. Further, the migration rate of colon carcinoma cells was analyzed by performing a migration assay. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that FKBP14 was upregulated in human colon carcinoma tissues. Moreover, high level of FKBP14 was associated with poor prognosis of colon carcinoma patients. Further, our findings firstly elucidated that FKBP14 was a pro-proliferation and migration factor in colon carcinoma cells. More importantly, FKBP14 might be a novel component in IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway and targeted STAT3 in colon carcinoma cells. CONCLUSION Our research not only indicated the potential signaling pathway of FKBP14 in colon carcinoma cells but also provided novel insight into the treatment for colon carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang317000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruili Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang317000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang317000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tienan Bi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang317000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenkang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang317000, People’s Republic of China
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Amer S, Alsayegh F, Mashaal Z, Mohamed S, Shawa N, Rajan K, Ahmed SBM. Role of TGF‑β in the motility of ShcD‑overexpressing 293 cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2667-2674. [PMID: 31524262 PMCID: PMC6691231 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The newly identified Src homology and collagen (Shc) family member ShcD was observed to be upregulated in 50% of vertical growth phase and metastatic melanomas. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism by which ShcD mediates cell motility. 293 cell lines were altered to stably express GFP (GF) or GFP‑ShcD (G5). Treatment of the cells with transforming growth factor (TGF)β2 promoted extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and, to a lesser extent, Smad2 phosphorylation in GFP‑ShcD‑expressing cells but not in GFP‑overexpressing cells. GFP‑ShcD‑expressing cells exhibited upregulated expression of certain epithelial‑mesenchymal transition‑related genes, such as snail family transcriptional repressor 1 and SLUG, than GFP‑expressing cells. Higher levels of ERK were found in the nuclear fraction of GFP‑ShcD‑expressing cells than that of GFP‑expressing cells. Overall, GFP‑ShcD‑expressing cells demonstrated enhanced migration compared with GFP‑expressing cells. A slight increase in cell migration was observed in both cell lines (GF and G5) when the cells were allowed to migrate towards conditioned medium derived from TGFβ2‑treated GFP‑ShcD expressing cells. Collectively, ShcD upregulation was proposed to induce cell migration by affecting the expression of certain epithelial‑mesenchymal transition‑related genes. Thus, our findings may improve understanding of the role of ShcD in cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Amer
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fadi Alsayegh
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zeina Mashaal
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salma Mohamed
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nour Shawa
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Keerthi Rajan
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samrein B M Ahmed
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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37
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Vitamin K3 (menadione) suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal-transition and Wnt signaling pathway in human colorectal cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 309:108725. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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38
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Co-delivery of curcumin and doxorubicin in PEGylated liposomes favored the antineoplastic C26 murine colon carcinoma microenvironment. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2019; 9:260-272. [PMID: 30421392 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-00598-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Our recent studies have demonstrated that the antitumor efficacy of doxorubicin (DOX), administered in long-circulating liposomes (LCL), could be considerably improved after its co-encapsulation with curcumin (CURC). Thus, the question addressed within this article is whether LCL-CURC-DOX can be exploited more efficiently than liposomal DOX for future colorectal cancer therapy. Therefore, we investigated the physicochemical and biological properties of LCL-CURC-DOX and the mechanisms of its antitumor activity in C26 murine colon carcinoma in vivo. Our results proved that the developed nanoformulation based on the co-encapsulation of CURC and DOX met the requirements of a modern drug delivery system for future cancer therapy, demonstrating enhanced antitumor activity on C26 colon carcinoma in vivo. The antitumor efficacy of LCL-CURC-DOX relied on suppressive effects on main protumor processes such as angiogenesis, inflammation, oxidative stress, invasion and resistance to apoptosis, and on the dysregulation of Th1/Th2 cell axis which favored the antineoplastic phenotype of cells in tumor microenvironment (TME). The development of multitargeted strategies aiming at stimulating antitumor effects within the tumor milieu and counteracting the escape mechanisms of cancer cells would be beneficial in the management of colon cancer in the future.
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39
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Sun W, Li S, Yu Y, Jin H, Xie Q, Hua X, Wang S, Tian Z, Zhang H, Jiang G, Huang C, Huang H. MicroRNA-3648 Is Upregulated to Suppress TCF21, Resulting in Promotion of Invasion and Metastasis of Human Bladder Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 16:519-530. [PMID: 31071528 PMCID: PMC6506626 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although microRNAs (miRNAs) are well-known for their potential in cancer, the function and mechanisms of miR-3648 have barely been explored in any type of cancer. We show here that miR-3648 is upregulated in human BC tissues in comparison with adjacent non-tumor tissues. Functional studies showed that inhibition of miR-3648 expression in the human invasive BC UMUC3 and T24T cell lines decreased migration and invasion in vitro and suppressed lung metastasis in vivo, whereas miR-3648 overexpression promoted BC cell migration and invasion. A bioinformatics screen and mRNA 3' UTR luciferase reporter assay showed that transcription factor 21 (TCF21) was a direct target of miR-3648, and the results obtained from using a miR-3648 inhibitor revealed that miR-3648 inhibited TCF21 protein expression by reduction of its mRNA stability. Further, Kisspeptin 1 (KISS1) was identified as a TCF21 downstream effector responsible for miR-3648-mediated BC invasion and lung metastasis. Collectively, the present results suggest that miR-3648 is overexpressed and plays an oncogenic role in mediation of BC invasion and metastasis through directing the TCF21/KISS1 axis, revealing miR-3648 as a potential biomarker for BC prognosis and a target for BC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Xi'an GaoXin Hospital, Shannxi, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Shi Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yuan Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Honglei Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Qipeng Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiaohui Hua
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zhongxian Tian
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Huxiang Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Guosong Jiang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China.
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 431 East 25(th) Street, New York, NY 10010, USA.
| | - Haishan Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
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Roca-Lema D, Martinez-Iglesias O, Fernández de Ana Portela C, Rodríguez-Blanco A, Valladares-Ayerbes M, Díaz-Díaz A, Casas-Pais A, Prego C, Figueroa A. In Vitro Anti-proliferative and Anti-invasive Effect of Polysaccharide-rich Extracts from Trametes Versicolor and Grifola Frondosa in Colon Cancer Cells. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:231-240. [PMID: 30745803 PMCID: PMC6367522 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.28811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of leading causes of mortality in western countries and novel treatment strategies are required. The medicinal application of mushrooms has been used in traditional medicine in many oriental countries. Polysaccharide-rich extracts obtained from certain medicinal mushroom species have shown antitumor effects in different experimental models. In the present study, we have developed polysaccharide-rich extracts from Trametes versicolor (TV) and Grifola frondosa (GF) fruit bodies. We aim to evaluate the anticancer effects of these polysaccharide-rich extracts in LoVo and HT-29 human colon cancer cells. The in vitro effects were determined by cytotoxicity assay, proliferation assay, wound healing assay and invasion assay. Moreover, the effect on anchorage independent-cell growth was also determined. Our results showed that TV and GF extracts did inhibit human colon cell proliferation and induce cytotoxicity. Furthermore, both fungal extracts significantly inhibited oncogenic potential, cell migration and invasion in colon cancer cells. In addition, extracts induce a more epithelial phenotype, observed by phase contrast images, together with an increase expression of the E-cadherin epithelial marker, detected by western-blotting analyses. Moreover, by using gelatin zymography assays, it was detected a decrease of MMP-2 enzyme activity, a crucial metalloproteinase important for the degradation of the extracellular matrix. Finally, the combination of the extracts with one the most clinical used agents for colorectal cancer, 5-fluorouracil, increases cell cytotoxicity. Taken together our results underscore a potential antitumor effect of polysaccharide-rich extracts obtained from TV and GF in human colon cancer cells lines. These finding may contribute to the reported health effects of fungal extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Roca-Lema
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas. Universidade da Coruña (UDC)
| | - Olaia Martinez-Iglesias
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas. Universidade da Coruña (UDC)
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Díaz-Díaz
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas. Universidade da Coruña (UDC)
| | - Alba Casas-Pais
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas. Universidade da Coruña (UDC)
| | | | - Angélica Figueroa
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas. Universidade da Coruña (UDC)
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Banerjee A, Chabria Y, Kanna N. R. R, Gopi J, Rowlo P, Sun XF, Pathak S. Role of Tumor Specific niche in Colon Cancer Progression and Emerging Therapies by Targeting Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1341:177-192. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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42
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Ast V, Kordaß T, Oswald M, Kolte A, Eisel D, Osen W, Eichmüller SB, Berndt A, König R. MiR-192, miR-200c and miR-17 are fibroblast-mediated inhibitors of colorectal cancer invasion. Oncotarget 2018; 9:35559-35580. [PMID: 30473751 PMCID: PMC6238973 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. A previous transcriptomics based study characterized molecular subgroups of which the stromal subgroup was associated with the worst clinical outcome. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are well-known regulators of gene expression and can follow a non-linear repression mechanism. We set up a model combining piecewise linear and linear regression and applied this combined regression model to a comprehensive colon adenocarcinoma dataset. We identified miRNAs involved in regulating characteristic gene sets, particularly extracellular matrix remodeling in the stromal subgroup. Comparison of expression data from separated (epithelial) cancer cells and stroma cells or fibroblasts associate these regulatory interactions with infiltrating stromal or tumor-associated fibroblasts. MiR-200c, miR-17 and miR-192 were identified as the most promising candidates regulating genes crucial for extracellular matrix remodeling. We validated our computational findings by in vitro assays. Enforced expression of either miR-200c, miR-17 or miR-192 in untransformed human colon fibroblasts down-regulated 85% of all predicted target genes. Expressing these miRNAs singly or in combination in human colon fibroblasts co-cultured with colon cancer cells considerably reduced cancer cell invasion validating these miRNAs as cancer cell infiltration suppressors in tumor associated fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Ast
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Network Modeling, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Theresa Kordaß
- GMP & T Cell Therapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Oswald
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Network Modeling, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Amol Kolte
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Network Modeling, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - David Eisel
- GMP & T Cell Therapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfram Osen
- GMP & T Cell Therapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan B. Eichmüller
- GMP & T Cell Therapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Berndt
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Section Pathology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Rainer König
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Network Modeling, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
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43
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Singh N, Gupta S, Pandey RM, Sahni P, Chauhan SS, Saraya A. Prognostic significance of plasma matrix metalloprotease-2 in pancreatic cancer patients. Indian J Med Res 2018; 146:334-340. [PMID: 29355139 PMCID: PMC5793467 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1348_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Pancreatic cancer has a propensity for wide stromal invasion. Matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2) is a protease that degrades the peri-tumoural tissue and helps in tumour dissemination. Thus, this study was aimed to assess any association of plasma MMP-2 levels with clinicopathological parameters and survival of patients with pancreatic cancer. Methods: Plasma samples from 127 pancreatic cancer patients were analyzed for MMP-2 levels by ELISA. Survival and other clinicopathological parameters of patients were analyzed for any correlation with plasma MMP-2 levels. Results: The mean MMP-2 levels in pancreatic cancer patients were 560.3±222.0 ng/ml which were significantly elevated compared to chronic pancreatitis patients (P<0.001) and healthy individuals (P<0.05). The plasma levels of MMP-2 significantly correlated with tissue expression of this protease (P=0.004). However, MMP-2 levels did not exhibit any association either with clinicopathological parameters or with survival. Interpretation & conclusions: Elevated MMP-2 levels were observed in blood of pancreatic cancer patients which correlated with its tissue expression. However, these levels did not associate with survival or any clinicopathological parameters of patients. Further studies need to be done to confirm the prognostic/clinical significance of MMP-2 in cancer patients before and after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology & Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Surabhi Gupta
- Department of Gastroenterology & Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravindra M Pandey
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Peush Sahni
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam S Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anoop Saraya
- Department of Gastroenterology & Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Noruzi S, Azizian M, Mohammadi R, Hosseini SA, Rashidi B, Mohamadi Y, Nesaei A, Seiri P, Sahebkar A, Salarinia R, Aghdam AM, Mirzaei H. Micro-RNAs as critical regulators of matrix metalloproteinases in cancer. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:8694-8712. [PMID: 30132957 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is known to be one of the important factors associated with cancer-related deaths worldwide. Several cellular and molecular targets are involved in the metastasis process. Among these targets, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play central roles in promoting cancer metastasis. MMPs could contribute toward tumor growth, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion via degradation of the extracellular matrix and activation of pre-pro-growth factors. Therefore, identification of various cellular and molecular pathways that affect MMPs could contribute toward a better understanding of the metastatic pathways involved in various tumors. Micro-RNAs are important targets that could affect MMPs. Multiple lines of evidence have indicated that deregulation of various micro-RNAs, including miR-9, Let-7, miR-10b, and miR-15b, affects metastasis of tumor cells via targeting MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Noruzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnourd, Iran
| | - Mitra Azizian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ftabaculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnourd, Iran
| | - Seyede Atefe Hosseini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnourd, Iran
| | - Bahman Rashidi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yousef Mohamadi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Nesaei
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Seiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Salarinia
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnourd, Iran
| | - Arad Mobasher Aghdam
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Department of Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering and Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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45
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Majumder A, Ray S, Banerji A. Epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 452:111-121. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3417-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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46
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Deng J, Chen W, Du Y, Wang W, Zhang G, Tang Y, Qian Z, Xu P, Cao Z, Zhou Y. Synergistic efficacy of Cullin1 and MMP-2 expressions in diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer. Cancer Biomark 2018; 19:57-64. [PMID: 28269751 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cullin1 and MMP-2 have been identified as important markers in various cancers, but their roles in colorectal cancer (CRC) have remained to be discovered. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression pattern and significance of Cullin1 and MMP-2 in CRC. METHODS A total of 470 CRC patients were enrolled. Archival paraffin-embedded CRC tissue samples were used to generate tissue microarray blocks, which were immunohistochemically stained for Cullin1 and MMP-2. Prognostic and predictive role of Cullin1 and MMP-2 expression was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis, respectively. Values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS Cullin1 and MMP-2 protein levels were significantly upregulated in CRC tissues compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues. High tumoral Cullin1 or MMP-2 expression significantly correlated with shorter overall survival (OS), as well as with clinicopathologic characteristics in patients. Multivariate regression analysis showed that high Cullin1 and MMP-2 expressions, separately and together, were independent negative markers of OS. CONCLUSION Cullin1 and MMP-2 expressions could be novel diagnostic and prognostic markers for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Deng
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214200, China.,Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214200, China
| | - Wenjiao Chen
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214200, China.,Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214200, China
| | - Yuan Du
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214200, China.,Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214200, China
| | - Weiming Wang
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214200, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214200, China
| | - Yuehua Tang
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214200, China
| | - Zhangjun Qian
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214200, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214200, China
| | - Zhihong Cao
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214200, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214200, China
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Visualization of MMP-2 Activity Using Dual-Probe Nanoparticles to Detect Potential Metastatic Cancer Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8020119. [PMID: 29466303 PMCID: PMC5853750 DOI: 10.3390/nano8020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent enzymes capable of degrading extracellular matrix components. Previous studies have shown that the upregulation of MMP-2 is closely related to metastatic cancers. While Western blotting, zymography, and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA) can be used to measure the amount of MMP-2 activity, it is not possible to visualize the dynamic MMP-2 activities of cancer cells using these techniques. In this study, MMP-2-activated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) with polyethylenimine (MMP-2-PLGA-PEI) nanoparticles were developed to visualize time-dependent MMP-2 activities. The MMP-2-PLGA-PEI nanoparticles contain MMP-2-activated probes that were detectable via fluorescence microscopy only in the presence of MMP-2 activity, while the Rhodamine-based probes in the nanoparticles were used to continuously visualize the location of the nanoparticles. This approach allowed us to visualize MMP-2 activities in cancer cells and their microenvironment. Our results showed that the MMP-2-PLGA-PEI nanoparticles were able to distinguish between MMP-2-positive (HaCat) and MMP-2-negative (MCF-7) cells. While the MMP-2-PLGA-PEI nanoparticles gave fluorescent signals recovered by active recombinant MMP-2, there was no signal recovery in the presence of an MMP-2 inhibitor. In conclusion, MMP-2-PLGA-PEI nanoparticles are an effective tool to visualize dynamic MMP-2 activities of potential metastatic cancer cells.
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Nicotine associated breast cancer in smokers is mediated through high level of EZH2 expression which can be reversed by methyltransferase inhibitor DZNepA. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:152. [PMID: 29396474 PMCID: PMC5833686 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0224-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies show substantial growth-promoting properties of nicotine (NIC) in cancer, which is a combined outcome of genetic and epigenetic alterations. However, the role of epigenetic modifiers in response to NIC in breast cancer is less studied. In the present study, for the first time we have shown NIC-induced enhanced EZH2 expression. Six pairs of smoking-associated breast cancer patient tissues were analyzed. Samples from smoking breast cancer patients showed distinguished enhanced EZH2 expression in comparison to non-smoking ones. The upregulation in EZH2, which is due to NIC, was further confirmed in breast carcinoma cell lines using 10 µM NIC, 1 µM DZNepA, and EZH2si. The upregulation of EZH2 was concomitant with upregulation in Myc and α9-nAChR. The xenograft of breast cancer cells in BALB/c nude mice in the presence or absence of NIC showed significantly higher tumor uptake in the NIC injected group, which clearly demonstrates the effect of NIC in breast cancer progression. Interestingly, DZNepA considerably suppressed the NIC-mediated tumor growth. CHIP-qPCR assay confirmed the increased Myc enrichment on EZH2 promoter upon NIC treatment, thereby strengthening our findings that there exists an association between NIC, Myc, and EZH2. Overall, the present study identifies a strong association between NIC and EZH2 particularly in the progression of breast cancer in smokers through a novel axis involving nAChR and Myc. Moreover, the findings provide preliminary evidence suggesting potential of high level of EZH2 expression as a prognostic marker in smoking-associated breast cancer.
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He JJ, Zhang WH, Liu SL, Chen YF, Liao CX, Shen QQ, Hu P. Activation of β-adrenergic receptor promotes cellular proliferation in human glioblastoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:3846-3852. [PMID: 28927156 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and aggressive form of primary malignant brain tumor. Previous evidence demonstrates that β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) are closely associated with the occurrence and development of brain tumors. However, the functional role of β-ARs in human glioblastoma and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In the present study, by using the MTT assay, western blotting, and the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, it was revealed that isoproterenol (ISO), an agonist of β-ARs, promoted the proliferation of U251 cells but not U87-MG cells, and that this effect was blocked by the β-ARs antagonist propranolol. It was also demonstrated that ISO transiently induced extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation, and that blocking the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway by U0126 inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation and suppressed U251 cell proliferation. In addition, β-ARs activation increased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family members MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA through ERK1/2 activation. In conclusion, these data suggest that β-ARs induce ERK1/2 phosphorylation, which may in turn increase MMPs expression to promote U251 cell proliferation. These results provide additional insight into the specific roles of β-ARs in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing He
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330001, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Hua Zhang
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Ling Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330001, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Fang Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330001, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Xi Liao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330001, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Qing Shen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330001, P.R. China
| | - Ping Hu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330001, P.R. China
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50
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Multimodal tumor suppression by miR-302 cluster in melanoma and colon cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 81:121-132. [PMID: 27840154 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The miR-302 family is one of the main groups of microRNAs, which are highly expressed in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Previous reports have indicated that miR-302 can reduce the proliferation rate of some cancer cells while compromising on their oncogenic potential at the same time without having the same effect on normal somatic cells. In this study we aimed to further investigate the role of the miR-302 cluster in multiple cancer signaling pathways using A-375 melanoma and HT-29 colorectal cancer cells. Our results indicate that the miR-302 cluster has the potential to modulate oncogenic properties of cancer cells through inhibition of proliferation, angiogenesis and invasion, and through reversal of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in these cells. We showed for the first time that overexpression of miR-302 cluster sensitized A-375 and HT-29 cells to hypoxia and also to the selective BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib. MiR-302 is a pleiotropically acting miRNA family which may have significant implications in controlling cancer progression and invasion. It acts through a reprogramming process, which has a global effect on a multitude of cellular pathways and events. We propose that reprogramming of cancer cells by epigenetic factors, especially miRNAs might provide an efficient tool for controlling cancer and especially for those with more invasive nature.
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