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Nair A, Singh R, Gautam N, Saxena S, Mittal S, Shah S, Talegaonkar S. Multifaceted role of phytoconstituents based nano drug delivery systems in combating TNBC: A paradigm shift from chemical to natural. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03234-0. [PMID: 38953968 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer is considered to be a malignancy of grave concern with limited routes of treatment due to the absence of specific breast cancer markers and ambiguity of other potential drug targets. Poor prognosis and inadequate survival rates have prompted further research into the understanding of the molecular pathophysiology and targeting of the disease. To overcome the recurrence and resistance mechanisms of the TNBC cells, various approaches have been devised, and are being continuously evaluated to enhance their efficacy and safety. Chemo-Adjuvant therapy is one such treatment modality being employed to improve the efficiency of standard chemotherapy. Combining chemo-adjuvant therapy with other upcoming approaches of cancer therapeutics such as phytoconstituents and nanotechnology has yielded promising results in the direction of improving the prognosis of TNBC. Numerous nanoformulations have been proven to substantially enhance the specificity and cellular uptake of drugs by cancer cells, thus reducing the possibility of unintended systemic side effects within cancer patients. While phytoconstituents offer a wide variety of beneficial active constituents useful in cancer therapeutics, most favorable outcomes have been observed within the scope of polyphenols, isoquinoline alkaloids and isothiocyanates. With an enhanced understanding of the molecular mechanisms of TNBC and the advent of newer targeting technologies and novel phytochemicals of medicinal importance, a new era of cancer theranostic treatments can be explored. This review hopes to instantiate the current body of research regarding the role of certain phytoconstituents and their potential nanoformulations in targeting specific TNBC pathways for treatment and diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandita Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 17, Delhi, India
| | - Roshni Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 17, Delhi, India
| | - Namrata Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 17, Delhi, India
| | - Shilpi Saxena
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 17, Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, U.P, Noida, 201303, India.
| | - Sadia Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Era College of Pharmacy, Era University, Lucknow, 226003, India.
| | - Sushama Talegaonkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 17, Delhi, India.
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Bai J, Feng Z, Chen Y, Li Y, Zhang L, Li L. Lycorine attenuated proliferation and induced apoptosis on imatinib-resistant K562 cell by inhibiting autophagy. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:217. [PMID: 38856766 PMCID: PMC11164850 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01080-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance is a significant factor exacerbating the burden on chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients and impacting clinical efficacy. The main goal is to offer new insights into overcoming drug resistance in treating CML. METHODS Imatinib (IM) resistant K562/IM cells were generated using gradient induction. Responses to IM, lycorine, and autophagy modulators were assessed using CCK-8. Protein expression of Beclin-1, Atg5, LC3, Caspase-3, P62, Bax, Bcl-2, and P-gp was detected using Western blot. Lycorine-induced apoptosis and cell cycle changes were evaluated through flow cytometry, while autophagy alterations were detected using monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining. In the K562/IM mice model, non-obese diabetic severe combined immunodeficent (NOD-SCID) mice were subcutaneously inoculated with K562/IM cells. After 17 days of lycorine injection, assessments included tumor size, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and Ki67 expression. RESULTS After 72 h of IM treatment, K562/IM cells showed a 55.86-fold increase in drug resistance compared to K562 cells. Lycorine treatment for 24 h inhibited cell proliferation and induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in both K562 and K562/IM cells. MDC staining indicated reduced autophagy in K562/IM cells, mitigated by lycorine. In vivo experiments demonstrated reduced tumor size and Ki67 proliferation index in the lycorine treatment group (K562+L, K562/IM+L) compared to the control group, particularly in the drug-resistant group. However, no significant change in Ki67 was observed in the K562 group after lycorine treatment. CONCLUSION In summary, K562/IM cells displayed heightened autophagy levels compared to K562 cells. Lycorine effectively impeded the proliferation of K562/IM cells through diverse mechanisms, including reduced autophagy, enhanced apoptosis, and induced cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Bai
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Gansu Province Hematologic Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zuxi Feng
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yaqiong Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Gansu Province Hematologic Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Liansheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Gansu Province Hematologic Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Lijuan Li
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Gansu Province Hematologic Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Tuo P, Zhao R, Li N, Yan S, Yang G, Wang C, Sun J, Sun H, Wang M. Lycorine inhibits Ang II-induced heart remodeling and inflammation by suppressing the PI3K-AKT/NF-κB pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155464. [PMID: 38484625 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ang II induces hypertensive heart failure (HF) via hemodynamic and non-hemodynamic actions. Lycorine (LYC) is an alkaloid derived from Lycoris bulbs, and it possesses anti-cardiovascular disease-related activities. Herein, we explored the potential LYC-mediated regulation of Ang II-induced HF. METHODS Over 4 weeks, we established a hypertensive HF mouse model by infusing Ang II into C57BL/6 mice using a micro-osmotic pump. For the final two weeks, mice were administered LYC via intraperitoneal injection. The LYC signaling network was then deduced using RNA sequencing. RESULTS LYC administration strongly suppressed hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, and cardiac inflammation. As a result, it minimized heart dysfunction while causing no changes in blood pressure. The Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) network/phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT) was found to be a major modulator of LYC-based cardioprotection using RNA sequencing study. We further confirmed that in cultured cardiomyocytes and mouse hearts, LYC reduced the inflammatory response and downregulated the Ang II-induced PI3K-AKT/NF-κB network. Moreover, PI3K-AKT or NF-κB axis depletion in cardiomyocytes completely abrogated the anti-inflammatory activities of LYC. CONCLUSION Herein, we demonstrated that LYC safeguarded hearts in Ang II -stimulated mice by suppressing the PI3K-AKT/NF-κB-induced inflammatory responses. Given the evidence mentioned above, LYC is a robust therapeutic agent for hypertensive HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Tuo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin, 132000, China
| | - Risheng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin, 132000, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Shuang Yan
- Department of Ultrasonography, Inteqrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Jilin city Jilin Province, Jilin, 132000, China
| | - Gege Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin, 132000, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin, 132000, China
| | - Jinghui Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin, 132000, China
| | - Haiming Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin, 132000, China.
| | - Mengyang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin, 132000, China.
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Zhai J, Jiang JF, Shi L. Lycorine weakens tamoxifen resistance of breast cancer via abrogating HAGLR-mediated epigenetic suppression on VGLL4 by DNMT1. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2023; 39:278-289. [PMID: 36606584 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Much is known about the significance of lycorine, a natural alkaloid, in combating various types of cancer, including breast cancer (BC), but whether it participates in regulating tamoxifen (TAM) resistance and its underlying mechanism remain to be elucidated. Tamoxifen-resistant (TAMR) BC cells were first established by continuously exposed to increasing concentrations of TAM. Levels of targeted gene including HOXD antisense growth-associated lncRNA (HAGLR) and Vestigial like family member 4 (VGLL4) were analyzed by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. Cell proliferation ability was assessed by MTT and EdU assays. Flow cytometry was carried out to evaluate the apoptosis. VGLL4 promoter methylation was examined using methylation specific PCR (MSP). The role of HAGLR acting on the expression of VGLL4 via DNA hypermethylation was confirmed by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP). Here, we reported that lycorine administration reduced the survival ratio of TAMR BC cells, decreased the IC50 of TAM, and strengthened TAM-induced apoptosis. HAGLR, observed to be highly expressed in TAMR BC cells, was identified to be a downstream effector of lycorine, of which overexpression abolished lycorine-mediated TAMR inhibition. VGLL4 served as a target of HAGLR in regulating lycorine-mediated suppression on tamoxifen resistance of TAMR BC cells. Mechanistically, HAGLR epigenetically suppressed VGLL4 expression via DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1)-mediated DNA hypermethylation. Taken together, our data highlights the pivotal role of lycorine in TAM resistance of BC, which may provide a potential agent for improving the effectiveness and efficacy of BC resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, Gansu provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Feng Jiang
- Division of Oncology, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Gansu provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
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Mahboubi-Rabbani M, Abbasi M, Zarghi A. Natural-Derived COX-2 Inhibitors as Anticancer Drugs: A Review of their Structural Diversity and Mechanism of Action. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2023; 23:15-36. [PMID: 35638275 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220516153915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a key-type enzyme playing a crucial role in cancer development, making it a target of high interest for drug designers. In the last two decades, numerous selective COX-2 inhibitors have been approved for various clinical conditions. However, data from clinical trials propose that the prolonged use of COX-2 inhibitors is associated with life-threatening cardiovascular side effects. The data indicate that a slight structural modification can help develop COX-2 selective inhibitors with comparative efficacy and limited side effects. In this regard, secondary metabolites from natural sources offer great hope for developing novel COX-2 inhibitors with potential anticancer activity. In recent years, various nature-derived organic scaffolds are being explored as leads for developing new COX-2 inhibitors. The current review attempts to highlight the COX-2 inhibition activity of some naturally occurring secondary metabolites, concerning their capacity to inhibit COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes and inhibit cancer development, aiming to establish a structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahboubi-Rabbani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Abbasi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Afshin Zarghi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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El Samarji M, Younes M, El Khoury M, Haykal T, Elias N, Gasilova N, Menin L, Houri A, Machaka-Houri N, Rizk S. The Antioxidant and Proapoptotic Effects of Sternbergia clusiana Bulb Ethanolic Extract on Triple-Negative and Estrogen-Dependent Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:529. [PMID: 36771614 PMCID: PMC9920827 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sternbergia clusiana belongs to the Amaryllidaceae family and is recognized for the valuable biological activity of its major bioactive compounds. The aim of the current is to evaluate the anticancer effects of the ethanolic bulb extract of Sternbergia clusiana (ScBEE) on breast cancer cells in vitro and to further reveal the underlying cellular mechanism. METHODS An MTS cell viability assay was performed on MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, along with cell cycle analysis, cell death ELISA, Western blot analysis and an ROS production assay to decipher the mechanism of death. LC-MS/MS was also performed to identify the chemical composition of this ethanolic extract. RESULTS The results show a selective antiproliferative effect on both cell lines with no effect on normal mesenchymal stem cells. Further analysis suggested the activation of the apoptotic pathway as reflected by the increase in cellular and DNA fragmentation and alterations in apoptotic proteins such as Bax, Bcl-2 and c-PARP. ScBEE was also found to exhibit antioxidant effect, as shown by a decrease in ROS production. The underlying mechanism of action was explained by the presence of several bioactive compounds identified by LC-MS/MS, including alkaloids, terpenoids and phenols, which are elaborated in the manuscript. CONCLUSION This study highlights the antioxidant and anticancerous properties of S.clusiana for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona El Samarji
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos P.O. Box 36, Lebanon
| | - Maria Younes
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos P.O. Box 36, Lebanon
| | - Marianne El Khoury
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos P.O. Box 36, Lebanon
| | - Tony Haykal
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos P.O. Box 36, Lebanon
| | - Nazira Elias
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos P.O. Box 36, Lebanon
| | - Natalia Gasilova
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laure Menin
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ahmad Houri
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102-2801, Lebanon
| | - Nisrine Machaka-Houri
- Department of Life and Earth Science, Faculty of Sciences, Saint Joseph University, Ras Maska 1104-2020, Lebanon
| | - Sandra Rizk
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos P.O. Box 36, Lebanon
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Xiao H, Xu X, Du L, Li X, Zhao H, Wang Z, Zhao L, Yang Z, Zhang S, Yang Y, Wang C. Lycorine and organ protection: Review of its potential effects and molecular mechanisms. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154266. [PMID: 35752077 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiorgan dysfunction, especially sepsis-related multiorgan damage, remains a major cause of high mortality in the late stages of infection and a great clinical challenge. In recent years, natural drugs have received widespread attention because of their low cost, wide sources, high efficacy, low toxicity, and limited side effects. Lycorine, a natural compound extracted from Amaryllidaceae, exhibits multiple pharmacological activities, including in the regulation of autophagy and the induction of cancer cell apoptosis, and has anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiviral, antimalarial, and antitumor activities. However, studies on lycorine have mainly focused on its antitumor properties, and research on its use for organ protection, especially in sepsis-related organ injury, is relatively limited. PURPOSE To review and discuss the effects and mechanisms of lycorine in the treatment of multi-organ dysfunction, especially sepsis. METHODS Literature searches in electronic databases, such as Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, were performed using 'Lycorine', 'Amaryllidaceae', 'Pharmacology', 'Pharmacokinetics', 'Anti-inflammation', 'Autophagy', 'Apoptosis', 'Anti-microbial and anti-parasitic', 'Antitumor', 'Organ protection', and 'Sepsis' as keywords, the correlated literature was extracted and conducted from the databases mentioned above. RESULTS By summarizing the progress made in existing research, we found that the general effects of lycorine involve the regulation of autophagy and the induction of cancer cell apoptosis, and anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiviral, antimalarial, and antitumor effects; through these pathways, the compound can ameliorate organ damage. In addition, lycorine was found to have an important effect on organ damage in sepsis. CONCLUSION Lycorine is a promising natural organ protective agent. This review will provide a new theoretical basis for the treatment of organ protection, especially in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuezeng Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Luyang Du
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiyang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huadong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Central Theater Command General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaofei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Changyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
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Dong Y, Lv D, Zhao Z, Xu Z, Hu Z, Tang B. Lycorine Inhibits Hypertrophic Scar Formation by Inducing ROS-Mediated Apoptosis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:892015. [PMID: 35685086 PMCID: PMC9171077 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.892015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypertrophic scar (HS) is a fibrotic cutaneous disease with few effective therapies. Lycorine is a drug with pro-apoptotic ability and anti-fibrosis potential. This study aimed to test whether lycorine could trigger the apoptosis of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs) to inhibit HS formation. Methods: The proapoptotic and anti-fibrosis effects of lycorine on the viability and apoptosis of human primary HSFs and their reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as well as a rabbit ear model of HS were determined by CCK-8, flow cytometry, Western blot, immunofluorescence, transwell migration, collagen gel contraction assays. Results: Lycorine treatment selectively decreased the viability of HSFs, and induced their apoptosis, but not normal fibroblasts (NFs). Lycorine treatment increased the relative levels of Bax and cleaved PARP expression, cytochrome C cytoplasm translocation, but decreased Bcl-2, caspase-3 and caspase-9 expression, the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in HSFs. Lycorine inhibited the migration and contraction of HSFs, and reduced the expression of collagen I, collagen III and α-SMA. Mechanistically, lycorine treatment stimulated high levels of ROS production, leading to apoptosis of HSFs while treatment with NAC, a ROS inhibitor, significantly mitigated or abrogated the pro-apoptotic and antifibrotic activity of lycorine in HSFs. Moreover, lycorine treatment mitigated the severity of HS in rabbit ears by inducing fibroblast apoptosis. Conclusion: These results indicate that lycorine has a potent anti-fibrotic activity and is a potential drug for intervention of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxian Dong
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongming Lv
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zirui Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongye Xu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhicheng Hu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Tang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Role of Plant-Derived Active Constituents in Cancer Treatment and Their Mechanisms of Action. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081326. [PMID: 35456005 PMCID: PMC9031068 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant technological advancements in conventional therapies, cancer remains one of the main causes of death worldwide. Although substantial progress has been made in the control and treatment of cancer, several limitations still exist, and there is scope for further advancements. Several adverse effects are associated with modern chemotherapy that hinder cancer treatment and lead to other critical disorders. Since ancient times, plant-based medicines have been employed in clinical practice and have yielded good results with few side effects. The modern research system and advanced screening techniques for plants’ bioactive constituents have enabled phytochemical discovery for the prevention and treatment of challenging diseases such as cancer. Phytochemicals such as vincristine, vinblastine, paclitaxel, curcumin, colchicine, and lycopene have shown promising anticancer effects. Discovery of more plant-derived bioactive compounds should be encouraged via the exploitation of advanced and innovative research techniques, to prevent and treat advanced-stage cancers without causing significant adverse effects. This review highlights numerous plant-derived bioactive molecules that have shown potential as anticancer agents and their probable mechanisms of action and provides an overview of in vitro, in vivo and clinical trial studies on anticancer phytochemicals.
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Meng F, Zhang K, Yang C, Zhang K, Xu Q, Ren R, Zhou Y, Sun Y, Peng Y, Li Y, Guo H, Ren Y, Zhao Z. Prognostic Pathways Guide Drug Indications in Pan-Cancers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:849552. [PMID: 35372084 PMCID: PMC8964428 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.849552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathway-level analysis is a powerful approach enabling the interpretation of post-genomic data at a higher level than that of individual molecules. Molecular-targeted therapy focusing on cascade signaling pathways has become a new paradigm in anticancer therapy, instead of a single protein. However, the approaches to narrowing down the long list of biological pathways are limited. Here, we proposed a strategy for in silico Drug Prescription on biological pathways across pan-Cancers (CDP), by connecting drugs to candidate pathways. Applying on a list of 120 traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), we especially identified the “TCM–pathways–cancers” triplet and constructed it into a heterogeneous network across pan-cancers. Applying them into TCMs, the computational prescribing methods deepened the understanding of the efficacy of TCM at the molecular level. Further applying them into Western medicines, CDP could promote drug reposition avoiding time-consuming developments of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanlin Meng
- Marketing and Management Department, CapitalBio Technology, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Kenan Zhang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Changlin Yang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifang Ren
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yimin Sun
- Marketing and Management Department, CapitalBio Technology, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Marketing and Management Department, CapitalBio Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yanze Li
- Marketing and Management Department, CapitalBio Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Ren
- Marketing and Management Department, CapitalBio Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Kim B, Lee K, Park B. Minecoside promotes apoptotic progression through STAT3 inactivation in breast cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2022; 23:94. [PMID: 35154425 PMCID: PMC8822415 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women worldwide, and is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in cancer patients. Constitutive activation of STAT3 has been found in a variety of malignant tumors, including breast cancer. Since STAT3 activation is capable of regulating various important features of tumor cells, identification of a novel STAT3 inhibitor is considered a potential strategy for treating breast cancer. The aim of the present study was to examine whether minecoside (MIN), an active compound extracted from Veronica peregrina L., exerts an antitumor effect by inhibiting STAT3 signaling pathway in MDA-MB-231 cells. The results revealed that MIN inhibited the constitutive STAT3 activation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. MIN also blocked the nuclear translocation of STAT3 and suppressed STAT3-DNA binding. In addition, MIN downregulated the STAT3-mediated expression of proteins such as Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, CXCR4, VEGF, and cyclin D1. Subsequently, MIN promoted the caspase-dependent apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. Overall, results of the present study provide evidence that MIN exerted anticancer activity via inhibition of the STAT3 signaling pathway. Further studies using animal models are required to determine the potential of this molecule as an anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Dalseo‑Gu, Daegu, North Gyeongsang 704‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 339‑770, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungduck Park
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Dalseo‑Gu, Daegu, North Gyeongsang 704‑701, Republic of Korea
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12
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Zhou R, Hu Z, Pan J, Wang J, Pei Y. Current research status of alkaloids against breast cancer. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2022; 65:12-20. [DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_89_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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13
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Tallini LR, Giordani RB, de Andrade JP, Bastida J, Zuanazzi JAS. Structural Diversity and Biological Potential of Alkaloids from the Genus Hippeastrum, Amaryllidaceae: an Update. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA 2021; 31:648-657. [PMID: 34924642 PMCID: PMC8670614 DOI: 10.1007/s43450-021-00211-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The subfamily Amaryllidoideae, Amaryllidaceae, presents an exclusive group of structures known as Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, which have a broad spectrum of biological activities. These plants are classified into 59 genera, including Hippeastrum Herb., which comprises approximately 60 species distributed mainly in South America, being widely used as ornamental plants due to the beauty of its flowers. This review presents an update about the alkaloid profiling of Hippeastrum extracts published between 2012 and 2021, as well as an approach to the biological potential of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana R. Tallini
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000 Brazil
- Grup de Productes Naturals, Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel B. Giordani
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59012-570 Brazil
| | - Jean Paulo de Andrade
- Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinaria, Vicerrectoría Académica, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, 3460000 Talca, Chile
| | - Jaume Bastida
- Grup de Productes Naturals, Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Angelo S. Zuanazzi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000 Brazil
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Khan YH, Uttra AM, Qasim S, Mallhi TH, Alotaibi NH, Rasheed M, Alzarea AI, Iqbal MS, Alruwaili NK, Khan SUD, Alanazi AS. Potential Role of Phytochemicals Against Matrix Metalloproteinase Induced Breast Cancer; An Explanatory Review. Front Chem 2021; 8:592152. [PMID: 33520928 PMCID: PMC7843438 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.592152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
World Health Organization (WHO) estimated breast cancer as one of the most prevailed malignancy around the globe. Its incident cases are gradually increasing every year, resulting in considerable healthcare burden. The heterogeneity of breast cancer accounts for its differential molecular subtyping, interaction between pathways, DNA damaging, and chronic inflammation. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of zinc-containing, calcium dependent endopeptidases which play a substantial role in breast carcinogenesis through several mechanisms. These mechanisms include remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM), cell proliferation, and angiogenesis which promote metastasis and result in tumor progression. In this context, compounds bearing MMP inhibitory potential can serve as potent therapeutic agents in combating MMPs provoked breast cancer. Current systematic review aimed to encompass the details of potent natural lead molecules that can deter MMPs-provoked breast cancer. Following the critical appraisal of literature, a total of n = 44 studies that explored inhibitory effect of phytochemicals on MMPs were included in this review. These phytoconstituents include alkaloids (n = 11), flavonoids (n = 23), terpenoids (n = 7), and lignans (n = 2). The most common inhibitory methods used to evaluate efficacy of these phytoconstituents included Gelatin Zymography, Western Blotting, and real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Moreover, current limitations, challenges, and future directions of using such compounds have been critically discussed. This review underscores the potential implications of phytochemicals in the management of breast cancer which could lessen the growing encumbrance of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusra Habib Khan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sumera Qasim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser Hadal Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria Rasheed
- Institute of Pharmacy, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Salah-Ud-Din Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Salah Alanazi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Zhao Z, Xiang S, Qi J, Wei Y, Zhang M, Yao J, Zhang T, Meng M, Wang X, Zhou Q. Correction of the tumor suppressor Salvador homolog-1 deficiency in tumors by lycorine as a new strategy in lung cancer therapy. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:387. [PMID: 32439835 PMCID: PMC7242319 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Salvador homolog-1 (SAV1) is a tumor suppressor required for activation of the tumor-suppressive Hippo pathway and inhibition of tumorigenesis. SAV1 is defective in several cancer types. SAV1 deficiency in cells promotes tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis, and is closely associated with poor prognosis for cancer patients. However, investigation of therapeutic strategies to target SAV1 deficiency in cancer is lacking. Here we found that the small molecule lycorine notably increased SAV1 levels in lung cancer cells by inhibiting SAV1 degradation via a ubiquitin-lysosome system, and inducing phosphorylation and activation of the SAV1-interacting protein mammalian Ste20-like 1 (MST1). MST1 activation then caused phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation of the oncogenic Yes-associated protein (YAP), therefore inhibiting YAP-activated transcription of oncogenic genes and tumorigenic AKT and NF-κB signal pathways. Strikingly, treating tumor-bearing xenograft mice with lycorine increased SAV1 levels, and strongly inhibited tumor growth, vasculogenic mimicry, and metastasis. This work indicates that correcting SAV1 deficiency in lung cancer cells is a new strategy for cancer therapy. Our findings provide a new platform for developing novel cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shufen Xiang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jindan Qi
- School of Nursing, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Yijun Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Mengli Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Mei Meng
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- School of Nursing, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Quansheng Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.
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16
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Hu H, Wang S, Shi D, Zhong B, Huang X, Shi C, Shao Z. Lycorine exerts antitumor activity against osteosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo xenograft model through the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:5377-5388. [PMID: 31371981 PMCID: PMC6626901 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s202026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lycorine, a natural alkaloid, has been indicated to have various physiological effects, including a potential effect against cancer. However, the anticancer effect of lycorine on osteosarcoma (OS) and the detailed molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of lycorine on human OS and elucidated it underlying mechanisms Materials and methods: In vitro assays, OS cells were treated with lycorine at various concentrations. Then the cell proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, migration and invasion were assayed to detect the anticancer effect of lycorine on OS cell lines. Western blotting analysis was used to verify the expression of related proteins. In addition, the mouse xenograft model was performed to evaluate lycorine’s therapeutic potential on OS in vivo. Results: The in vitro results demonstrated that lycorine induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and suppressed the migration and invasion by suppressing constitutive signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation through enhancing the expression of SH2 domain-containing phosphatase 1 (SHP-1) and downregulating the expression of STAT3 target proteins. Moreover, our mouse xenograft model revealed that lycorine inhibited the tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that the anti-OS effects of lycorine were at least partly due to the suppression of the Janus kinase 2/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (JAK2)/STAT3 pathway. Taken together, these results indicate that lycorine possesses the potential to be a promising candidate in clinical therapy for human OS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangyu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Deyao Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Binglong Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunwei Shi
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China
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17
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Li L, Zhang Z, Yang Q, Ning M. Lycorine inhibited the cell growth of non-small cell lung cancer by modulating the miR-186/CDK1 axis. Life Sci 2019; 231:116528. [PMID: 31176784 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Lycorine is a kind of natural alkaloid with anti-cancer potential. It has been demonstrated that lycorine processes high activity and specificity against the progression of cancers. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which lycorine regulates the formation and development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain largely unknown. MAIN METHODS The effects of lycorine on the growth of NSCLC cells were determined by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, colony formation and flow cytometry analysis. RT-qPCR was performed to detect the expression of microRNA with lycorine treatment. The binding of miRNA and target genes was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. KEY FINDINGS Lycorine significantly inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis of NSCLC cells. Mechanistically, lycorine up-regulated the expression of microRNA-186 in NSCLC cells. Depletion of miR-186 significantly reversed the suppressive effect of lycorine on the proliferation of NSCLC cells. Furthermore, the cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) was identified as one of the binding candidates of miR-186. Experimental analysis showed that miR-186 bound the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of CDK1 and suppressed the level of CDK1 in NSCLC cells. Consistently, exposure of lycorine significantly decreased the expression of CDK1. Restoration of CDK1 remarkably attenuated the inhibition of lycorine on the proliferation of NSCLC cells. SIGNIFICANCE Our results uncovered the novel molecular mechanism of lycorine in suppressing the progression of NSCLC partially via regulating the miR-186/CDK1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, China
| | - Zao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China, 061001
| | - Meiying Ning
- Department of Pharmacy, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, China.
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18
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Ma Z, Bao X, Gu J. Furowanin A-induced autophagy alleviates apoptosis and promotes cell cycle arrest via inactivation STAT3/Mcl-1 axis in colorectal cancer. Life Sci 2019; 218:47-57. [PMID: 30562490 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aim Furowanin A (Fur A) is a flavonoid isolated from Millettia pachycarpa Benth. Studies show its potent anti-neoplastic effects against leukemia cells. The aim of the present study was to determine the potential therapeutic effect of Fur A against colorectal cancer (CRC), and elucidate the underlying mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to determine cell, and TUNEL and Annexin-V/PI staining was used to detect apoptosis and the cell cycle distribution. The expression levels of specific proteins in the CRC cells were analyzed by Western blotting. A xenograft model was also established to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Fur A in vivo. KEY FINDINGS Fur A suppressed proliferation, blocked cell cycle progression, induced apoptosis and promoted autophagy in CRC cells. Interestingly, Fur A-induced autophagy functioned not only as a survival mechanism against apoptosis but also intensified the cell cycle arrest in CRC cells. In addition, Fur A mediated its effects via the inactivation of the STAT3/Mcl-1 axis. SIGNIFICANCE Fur A is a promising drug candidate for the treatment and prevention of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Ma
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University (People's Hospital of Henan Province), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuebin Bao
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University (People's Hospital of Henan Province), Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Junbao Gu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University (People's Hospital of Henan Province), Zhengzhou, China
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Targeting of JAK-STAT Signaling in Breast Cancer: Therapeutic Strategies to Overcome Drug Resistance. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1152:271-281. [PMID: 31456189 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-20301-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rapidly emerging ground-breaking discoveries have provided near to complete resolution of breast cancer signaling landscape and scientists have mapped the knowledge gaps associated with proteins encoded by the human genome. Based on the insights gleaned from decades of research, it seems clear that ligands transmit distinct information through specific receptors that is processed into characteristically unique biological outputs. Advances in imaging, structural biology, proteomics and genome editing have helped us to gain new insights into JAK-STAT signaling and how alterations in this pathway contributed to development of breast cancer and metastatic spread. Data obtained through high-throughput technologies has started to shed light on signal-transducer complexes formed during JAK-STAT signaling. Pharmacologists and molecular biologists are focusing on the strategies to therapeutically target this pathway to overcome drug resistance associated with breast cancer.
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Zhang P, Zhang M, Yu D, Liu W, Hu L, Zhang B, Zhou Q, Cao Z. Lycorine inhibits melanoma cell migration and metastasis mainly through reducing intracellular levels of β-catenin and matrix metallopeptidase 9. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:10566-10575. [PMID: 30565685 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma accounts for 60% of death for skin cancer. Although great efforts have been made to treat the disease, effective drugs against metastatic melanoma still lack at the clinical setting. In the current study, we found that lycorine, a small molecule of isoquinoline alkaloid, significantly suppressed melanoma cell migration and invasion in vitro, and decreased the metastasis of melanoma cells to lung tissues in tumor-bearing mice, resulting in significant prolongation of the survival of the mice without obvious toxicity. Molecular mechanistic studies revealed that lycorine significantly reduced intracellular levels of β-catenin protein through degradation of the protein via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and decreased the expression of β-catenin downstream prometastatic matrix metallopeptidase 9 and Axin2 genes. Collectively, our findings support the notion that targeting the oncogenic β-catenin by lycorine is a new option to inhibit melanoma cell metastasis, providing a good drug candidate potential for development novel therapeutics against metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Mengli Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Di Yu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Hu
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Quansheng Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhifei Cao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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21
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Jiang QQ, Liu WB. Lycorine inhibits melanoma A375 cell growth and metastasis through the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Med Sci (Paris) 2018; 34 Focus issue F1:33-38. [PMID: 30403172 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/201834f106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma, one of the most aggressive skin cancers, has a very high mortality rate. Currently, the number of drugs to treat melanoma is low. Although new immunotherapeutic approaches based on the use of antibodies against immune checkpoints have shown long term responses, it is urgent to develop novel anti-melanoma drugs with a high efficiency and a low toxicity in a large number of patients. Lycorine, a natural product, has been reported to exert antitumor effects on some cancers. However, the impact of lycorine on melanoma cells is still unknown. Using the CCK8 assay, we found that lycorine can suppress the proliferation of melanoma A375 cells in a dose-time-dependent manner. Moreover, a transwell assay showed that lycorine inhibited the migration and invasion of A375 cells significantly. Further, lycorine treatment could induce the apoptosis of the A375 cells. Biochemical analyses showed that the expression level of the anti-apoptosis Bcl-2 protein decreased, while the expression of the pro-apoptosis protein Bax and active caspase-3 increased after lycorine treatment. Finally, using western blot assay, we found that the antitumor effects of lycorine on A375 cells might be through the inactivation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Based on these observations, we suggest that lycorine may be an interesting candidate for further studies on its ability to represent a novel antitumor drug for human melanoma treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun-Qun Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, 404 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, No.8 of Baoquan Street, Huancui District, Weihai 264200, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei-Bing Liu
- Department of Dermatology, 404 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, No.8 of Baoquan Street, Huancui District, Weihai 264200, Shandong Province, China
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22
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Yang Y, Cao Y, Chen L, Liu F, Qi Z, Cheng X, Wang Z. Cryptotanshinone suppresses cell proliferation and glucose metabolism via STAT3/SIRT3 signaling pathway in ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Med 2018; 7:4610-4618. [PMID: 30094960 PMCID: PMC6143944 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most malignant gynecologic cancer among women worldwide. Cryptotanshinone (CT), isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, has been identified as a potential therapeutic agent in treating several malignant tumors, but the molecular mechanism of CT in ovarian cancer still remains illustrated. Here, we sought to elucidate the regulatory function of CT on cell glucose metabolism in ovarian cancer. The treatment of CT on ovarian cancer cells effectively inhibited glucose uptake and lactate production in ovarian cancer cells. The expression levels of glycolysis-related proteins, such as GLUT1, LDHA, and HK2, were decreased by the treatment of CT detected by qRT-PCR and immunoblotting. Mechanistically, CT exerted its anti-tumor effect by targeting STAT3/SIRT3/HIF-1α signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo, which could be rescued by the introduction of SIRT3 shRNA in ovarian cancer cells. The clinical data showed that the expression level of STAT3 in ovarian cancer patients' sera and tissues was positively correlated with those of GLUT1, LDHA, HK2 and HIF-1α, but negatively with that of SIRT3These findings provide evidence that CT inhibited cellular glycolysis-induced cell growth and proliferation through repression of STAT3/SIRT3/HIF-1α signaling pathway, indicating that CT may be developed as a chemotherapeutic agent to treat ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Yang
- Cancer InstituteFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of Gynecological OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Yue Cao
- Cancer InstituteFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Gynecological OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Gynecological OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Zihao Qi
- Cancer InstituteFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Xi Cheng
- Department of Gynecological OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ziliang Wang
- Cancer InstituteFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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23
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Roy M, Liang L, Xiao X, Feng P, Ye M, Liu J. Lycorine: A prospective natural lead for anticancer drug discovery. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:615-624. [PMID: 30114645 PMCID: PMC7127747 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Outline of the anticancer properties and associated molecular mechanism mediated by lycorine. Comprehensive analysis of the structure activity relationship associated with anticancer activity of lycorine. Summary of the pharmacological aspects and implications for future directions with this compound.
Nature is the most abundant source for novel drug discovery. Lycorine is a natural alkaloid with immense therapeutic potential. Lycorine is active in a very low concentration and with high specificity against a number of cancers both in vivo and in vitro and against various drug-resistant cancer cells. This review summarized the therapeutic effect and the anticancer mechanisms of lycorine. At the same time, we have discussed the pharmacology and comparative structure-activity relationship for the anticancer activity of this compound. The researches outlined in this paper serve as a foundation to explain lycorine as an important lead compound for new generation anticancer drug design and provide the principle for the development of biological strategies to utilize lycorine in the treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridul Roy
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Long Liang
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xiao
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Peifu Feng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Mao Ye
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
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24
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Wu S, Qiu Y, Shao Y, Yin S, Wang R, Pang X, Ma J, Zhang C, Wu B, Koo S, Han L, Zhang Y, Gao X, Wang T, Yu H. Lycorine Displays Potent Antitumor Efficacy in Colon Carcinoma by Targeting STAT3. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:881. [PMID: 30135654 PMCID: PMC6092588 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is an attractive therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In this study, we identify lycorine is an effective inhibitor of STAT3, leading to repression of multiple oncogenic processes in colon carcinoma. Lycorine selectively inactivates phospho-STAT3 (Tyr-705), and subsequent molecular docking uncovers that lycorine directly binds to the SH2 domain of STAT3. Consequently, we find that lycorine exhibits anti-proliferative activity and induces cell apoptosis on human colorectal cancer (CRC) in vitro. Lycorine induces the activation of the caspase-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, as indicated by activation of caspase and increase of the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and mitochondrial depolarization. Overexpressing STAT3 greatly blocks these effects by lycorine in CRC cells. Finally, lycorine exhibits a potential therapeutic effect in xenograft colorectal tumors by targeting STAT3 without observed toxicity. Taken together, the present study indicates that lycorine acts as a promising inhibitor of STAT3, which blocks tumorigenesis in colon carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuling Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingying Shao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yin
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Pang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Junhong Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunze Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sangho Koo
- Department of Chemistry, Myongji University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Lifeng Han
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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25
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Bi C, Jiang B. Downregulation of RPN2 induces apoptosis and inhibits migration and invasion in colon carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:283-293. [PMID: 29749494 PMCID: PMC6059750 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The morbidity of colorectal cancer (CRC) increases annualy, which accounts to higher mortality worldwide. Therefore, it is important to study the pathogenesis of colon cancer. Ribophorin II (RPN2), part of the N-oligosaccharyltransferase complex, is highly expressed in CRC. In the present study, we investigated whether RPN2 can regulate apoptosis, migration and invasion by RNA interference in CRC and sought to clarify the molecular mechanism involved. Based on previous research, an abnormal high expression of RPN2 was observed in CRC tissues and cell lines by real-time (RT)-PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot analysis. RPN2 knockdown via small RNA interference (siRNA) strategy attenuated the expression of RPN2 at the mRNA and protein levels in vivo, leading to decreased cell viability and increased cell apoptosis. In addition, RNAi-RPN2 effectively arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1-phase in SW1116 and SW480 cells. Furthermore, the Transwell assay demonstrated that cell migration and invasion abilities were significantly inhibited after cell transfection with RPN2 interference plasmid. The apoptosis-related protein (caspase-3) expression was increased and the cell cycle-related protein (cyclin D1) expression was decreased in the siRNA-RPN2 group. RT-PCR and western blot analysis results indicated that migration- and invasion-related proteins including E-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and TIMP-2 were markedly regulated by RPN2 siRNA. Phosphorylation levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 and Janus kinase (JAK)2 were inhibited by RPN2 siRNA. These findings indicated a novel pathway of tumor-promoting activity by RPN2 in CRC, with significant implications for unraveling the tumorigenesis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyao Bi
- Department of General Surgery, Jiaozhou Central Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266300, P.R. China
| | - Baofei Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
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Kim BG, Kim JW, Kim SM, Go RE, Hwang KA, Choi KC. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane Suppressed Cyprodinil-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Metastatic-Related Behaviors of Human Endometrial Ishikawa Cells via an Estrogen Receptor-Dependent Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010189. [PMID: 29316692 PMCID: PMC5796138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyprodinil (CYP) is a pyrimidine amine fungicide that has been extensively used in agricultural areas. 3,3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a derivative of the dietary phytoestrogen, indole-3-carbinol (I3C), which is derived from cruciferous vegetables and considered to be a cancer-preventive phytonutrient agent. In this study, the effects of CYP and DIM were examined on the cell viability, invasion, and metastasis of human endometrial cancer cells, Ishikawa, via epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). CYP increased the level of cell viability of Ishikawa cells compared to DMSO as a control, as did E2. Ishikawa cells lost cell-to-cell contact and obtained a spindle-shaped or fibroblast-like morphology in response to the application of E2 or CYP by the cell morphology assay. In the cell migration and invasion assay, CYP enhanced the ability of migration and invasion of Ishikawa cells, as did E2. E2 and CYP increased the expressions of N-cadherin and Snail proteins, while decreasing the expression of E-cadherin protein as EMT-related markers. In addition, E2 and CYP increased the protein expressions of cathepsin D and MMP-9, metastasis-related markers. Conversely, CYP-induced EMT, cell migration, and invasion were reversed by fulvestrant (ICI 182,780) as an estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist, indicating that CYP exerts estrogenic activity by mediating these processes via an ER-dependent pathway. Similar to ICI 182,780, DIM significantly suppressed E2 and CYP-induced proliferation, EMT, migration, and invasion of Ishikawa cancer cells. Overall, the present study revealed that DIM has an antiestrogenic chemopreventive effect to withdraw the cancer-enhancing effect of E2 and CYP, while CYP has the capacity to enhance the metastatic potential of estrogen-responsive endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Gyoung Kim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Chungbuk, Korea.
| | - Jin-Wook Kim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Chungbuk, Korea.
| | - Soo-Min Kim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Chungbuk, Korea.
| | - Ryeo-Eun Go
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Chungbuk, Korea.
| | - Kyung-A Hwang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Chungbuk, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Chungbuk, Korea.
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