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Lv Y, Yu Z, Zhang P, Zhang X, Li H, Liang T, Guo Y, Cheng L, Peng F. The structure and function of FUN14 domain-containing protein 1 and its contribution to cardioprotection by mediating mitophagy. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1389953. [PMID: 38828457 PMCID: PMC11140143 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1389953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a serious public health risk, and prevention and treatment efforts are urgently needed. Effective preventive and therapeutic programs for cardiovascular disease are still lacking, as the causes of CVD are varied and may be the result of a multifactorial combination. Mitophagy is a form of cell-selective autophagy, and there is increasing evidence that mitophagy is involved in cardioprotective processes. Recently, many studies have shown that FUN14 domain-containing protein 1 (FUNDC1) levels and phosphorylation status are highly associated with many diseases, including heart disease. Here, we review the structure and functions of FUNDC1 and the path-ways of its mediated mitophagy, and show that mitophagy can be effectively activated by dephosphorylation of Ser13 and Tyr18 sites, phosphorylation of Ser17 site and ubiquitination of Lys119 site in FUNDC1. By effectively activating or inhibiting excessive mitophagy, the quality of mitochondria can be effectively controlled. The main reason is that, on the one hand, improper clearance of mitochondria and accumulation of damaged mitochondria are avoided, and on the other hand, excessive mitophagy causing apoptosis is avoided, both serving to protect the heart. In addition, we explore the possible mechanisms by which FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy is involved in exercise preconditioning (EP) for cardioprotection. Finally, we also point out unresolved issues in FUNDC1 and its mediated mitophagy and give directions where further research may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhu Lv
- College of Physical Education, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for Adolescent Sports and Health Promotion of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengze Yu
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Peiwen Zhang
- College of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Xi an FanYi University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiqian Zhang
- College of Physical Education, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for Adolescent Sports and Health Promotion of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huarui Li
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Ting Liang
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Yanju Guo
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Fenglin Peng
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
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2
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Tian J, Fan J, Zhang T. Mitochondria as a target for exercise-mitigated type 2 diabetes. J Mol Histol 2023; 54:543-557. [PMID: 37874501 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-023-10158-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of most common metabolic diseases and continues to be a leading cause of death worldwide. Although great efforts have been made to elucidate the pathogenesis of diabetes, the underlying mechanism still remains unclear. Notably, overwhelming evidence has demonstrated that mitochondria are tightly correlated with the development of T2DM, and the defects of mitochondrial function in peripheral insulin-responsive tissues, such as skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue, are crucial drivers of T2DM. Furthermore, exercise training is considered as an effective stimulus for improving insulin sensitivity and hence is regarded as the best strategy to prevent and treat T2DM. Although the precise mechanisms by which exercise alleviates T2DM are not fully understood, mitochondria may be critical for the beneficial effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Tian
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingcheng Fan
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Tan Zhang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai, China.
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Li Z, Xing J. Contribution and therapeutic value of mitophagy in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury after cardiac arrest. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115492. [PMID: 37716121 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and related life support technologies have improved substantially in recent years; however, mortality and disability rates from cardiac arrest (CA) remain high and are closely associated with the high incidence of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI), which is explained by a "double-hit" model (i.e., resulting from both ischemia and reperfusion). Mitochondria are important power plants in the cell and participate in various biochemical processes, such as cell differentiation and signaling in eukaryotes. Various mitochondrial processes, including energy metabolism, calcium homeostasis, free radical production, and apoptosis, are involved in several important stages of the progression and development of CIRI. Mitophagy is a key mechanism of the endogenous removal of damaged mitochondria to maintain organelle function and is a critical target for CIRI treatment after CA. Mitophagy also plays an essential role in attenuating ischemia-reperfusion in other organs, particularly during post-cardiac arrest myocardial dysfunction. Regulation of mitophagy may influence necroptosis (a programmed cell death pathway), which is the main endpoint of organ ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this review, we summarize the main signaling pathways related to mitophagy and their associated regulatory proteins. New therapeutic methods and drugs targeting mitophagy in ischemia-reperfusion animal models are also discussed. In-depth studies of the mechanisms underlying the regulation of mitophagy will enhance our understanding of the damage and repair processes in CIRI after CA, thereby contributing to the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Jihong Xing
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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Zhang J, Zuo Z, Li J, Wang Y, Huang J, Xu L, Jin K, Lu H, Dai Y. In situ assessment of statins’ effect on autophagic activity in zebrafish larvae cardiomyocytes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:921829. [DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.921829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the survival rate of cardiomyocytes is the key point to treat most of the heart diseases, and targeting autophagy is a potential advanced therapeutic approach. Monitoring autophagic activity in cardiomyocytes in situ will be useful for studying autophagy-related heart disease and screening autophagy-modulating drugs. Zebrafish, Danio rerio, has been proven as an animal model for studying heart diseases in situ. Taken the advantage of zebrafish, especially the imaging of intact animals, here we generated two stable transgenic zebrafish lines that specifically expressed EGFP-map1lc3b or mRFP-EGFP-map1lc3b in cardiomyocytes under the promoter of myosin light chain 7. We first used a few known autophagy-modulating drugs to confirm their usefulness. By quantifying the density of autophagosomes and autolysosomes, autophagy inducers and inhibitors showed their regulatory functions, which were consistent with previous studies. With the two lines, we then found a significant increase in the density of autophagosomes but not autolysosomes in zebrafish cardiomyocytes at the early developmental stages, indicating the involvement of autophagy in early heart development. To prove their applicability, we also tested five clinical statins by the two lines. And we found that statins did not change the density of autophagosomes but reduced the density of autolysosomes in cardiomyocytes, implying their regulation in autophagic flux. Our study provides novel animal models for monitoring autophagic activity in cardiomyocytes in situ, which could be used to study autophagy-related cardiomyopathy and drug screening.
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Luan Y, Jin Y, Zhang P, Li H, Yang Y. Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes and cardiac hypertrophy: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1015722. [PMID: 36337896 PMCID: PMC9630933 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1015722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy has been shown to compensate for cardiac performance and improve ventricular wall tension as well as oxygen consumption. This compensatory response results in several heart diseases, which include ischemia disease, hypertension, heart failure, and valvular disease. Although the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy remains complicated, previous data show that dysfunction of the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) mediates the progression of cardiac hypertrophy. The interaction between the mitochondria and ER is mediated by mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs), which play an important role in the pathology of cardiac hypertrophy. The function of MAMs has mainly been associated with calcium transfer, lipid synthesis, autophagy, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this review, we discuss key MAMs-associated proteins and their functions in cardiovascular system and define their roles in the progression of cardiac hypertrophy. In addition, we demonstrate that MAMs is a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luan
- Clinical Systems Biology Research Laboratories, Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yage Jin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengjie Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongqiang Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Clinical Systems Biology Research Laboratories, Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Gottschalk B, Koshenov Z, Bachkoenig OA, Rost R, Malli R, Graier WF. MFN2 mediates ER-mitochondrial coupling during ER stress through specialized stable contact sites. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:918691. [PMID: 36158213 PMCID: PMC9493370 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.918691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functions critically depend on a suitable ATP supply to fuel ER chaperons and protein trafficking. A disruption of the ability of the ER to traffic and fold proteins leads to ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR). Using structured illumination super-resolution microscopy, we revealed increased stability and lifetime of mitochondrial associated ER membranes (MAM) during ER stress. The consequent increase of basal mitochondrial Ca2+ leads to increased TCA cycle activity and enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential, OXPHOS, and ATP generation during ER stress. Subsequently, OXPHOS derived ATP trafficking towards the ER was increased. We found that the increased lifetime and stability of MAMs during ER stress depended on the mitochondrial fusion protein Mitofusin2 (MFN2). Knockdown of MFN2 blunted mitochondrial Ca2+ effect during ER stress, switched mitochondrial F1FO-ATPase activity into reverse mode, and strongly reduced the ATP supply for the ER during ER stress. These findings suggest a critical role of MFN2-dependent MAM stability and lifetime during ER stress to compensate UPR by strengthening ER ATP supply by the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gottschalk
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Zhanat Koshenov
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Olaf A. Bachkoenig
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - René Rost
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F. Graier
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
- *Correspondence: Wolfgang F. Graier,
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Gao L, Yuan P, Wei Y, Fu Y, Hou Y, Li P, Chen Y, Ruan Y, Zhou N, Zheng X, Feng W. Total flavonoids of Selaginella tamariscina (P.Beauv.) Spring ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by modulating mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress via activating MFN2/PERK. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 100:154065. [PMID: 35358932 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly effective chemotherapeutic that is effective for various tumours. However, the clinical application of DOX has been limited by adverse reactions such as cardiotoxicity and heart failure. Since DOX-induced cardiotoxicity is irreversible, drugs to prevent DOX-induced cardiotoxicity are needed. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the effect of total flavonoids of Selaginella tamariscina (P.Beauv.) Spring (TFST) on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. METHODS The present study established DOX-induced cardiotoxicity models in C57BL/6 mice treated with DOX (cumulative dose: 20 mg/kg body weight) and H9c2 cells incubated with DOX (1 μM/l) to explore the intervention effect and potential mechanism of TFST. Echocardiography was performed to evaluate left ventricular functions. Heart tissue samples were collected for histological evaluation. Myocardial injury markers and oxidative stress markers were examined. Mitochondrial energy metabolism pathway associated proteins PPARα/PGC-1α/Sirt3 were detected. We also explored the effects of TFST on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis. To further investigate the protective mechanism of TFST, we used the specific small interfering RNA MFN2 (siMFN2) to explore the effect of MFN2 on TFST against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in vitro. Flow cytometry detected reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis. Cell mitochondrial stress was measured by Seahorse XF analyser. RESULTS Both in vivo and in vitro studies verified that TFST observably alleviated DOX-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress. However, these effects were reversed after transfected siMFN2. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that TFST ameliorates DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress by activating MFN2/PERK. MFN2/PERK pathway activation may be a novel mechanism to protect against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Gao
- Department of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peipei Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaxin Wei
- Department of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Hou
- Department of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Panying Li
- Department of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan Ruan
- Department of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Weisheng Feng
- Department of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.
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8
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Potential role of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane proteins in diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115011. [PMID: 35314166 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) are dynamic membrane coupling regions formed by the coupling of the mitochondrial outer membrane and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). MAMs are involved in the mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, Ca2+ exchange, and ER stress. A large number of studies indicate that many proteins are involved in the formation of MAMs, including dynamic-related protein 1 (Drp1), DJ-1, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK), α-synuclein (α-syn), sigma-1 receptor (S1R), mitofusin-2 (Mfn2), presenilin-1 (PS1), protein kinase R (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK), Parkin, Cyclophilin D (CypD), glucose-related protein 75 (Grp75), FUN14 domain containing 1 (Fundc1), vesicle-associated membrane-protein-associated protein B (VAPB), phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2 (PACS-2), ER oxidoreductin 1 (Ero1), and receptor expression-enhancing protein 1 (REEP1). These proteins play an important role in the structure and functions of the MAMs. Abnormalities in these MAM proteins further contribute to the occurrence and development of related diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, non-alcoholicfattyliverdisease (NALFD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and diabetic kidney (DN). In this review, we introduce important proteins involved in the structure and the functions of the MAMs. Furthermore, we effectively summarize major insights about these proteins that are involved in the physiopathology of several diseases through the effect on MAMs.
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Structure and Function of Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranes (MAMs) and Their Role in Cardiovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:4578809. [PMID: 34336092 PMCID: PMC8289621 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4578809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal function of suborganelles such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum often leads to abnormal function of cardiomyocytes or vascular endothelial cells and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) is involved in several important cellular functions. Increasing evidence shows that MAM is involved in the pathogenesis of CVD. MAM mediates multiple cellular processes, including calcium homeostasis regulation, lipid metabolism, unfolded protein response, ROS, mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy, apoptosis, and inflammation, which are key risk factors for CVD. In this review, we discuss the structure of MAM and MAM-associated proteins, their role in CVD progression, and the potential use of MAM as the therapeutic targets for CVD treatment.
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10
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Silva-Palacios A, Zazueta C, Pedraza-Chaverri J. ER membranes associated with mitochondria: Possible therapeutic targets in heart-associated diseases. Pharmacol Res 2020; 156:104758. [PMID: 32200027 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular system cell biology is tightly regulated and mitochondria play a relevant role in maintaining heart function. In recent decades, associations between such organelles and the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (SR) have been raised great interest. Formally identified as mitochondria-associated SR membranes (MAMs), these structures regulate different cellular functions, including calcium management, lipid metabolism, autophagy, oxidative stress, and management of unfolded proteins. In this review, we highlight MAMs' alterations mainly in cardiomyocytes, linked with cardiovascular diseases, such as cardiac ischemia-reperfusion, heart failure, and dilated cardiomyopathy. We also describe proteins that are part of the MAMs' machinery, as the FUN14 domain containing 1 (FUNDC1), the sigma 1 receptor (Sig-1R) and others, which might be new molecular targets to preserve the function and structure of the heart in such diseases. Understanding the machinery of MAMs and its function demands our attention, as such knowledge might contribute to strengthen the role of these relative novel structures in heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Silva-Palacios
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology-Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Cecilia Zazueta
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology-Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Circuito Exterior S/N, C. U., 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Boyman L, Karbowski M, Lederer WJ. Regulation of Mitochondrial ATP Production: Ca 2+ Signaling and Quality Control. Trends Mol Med 2019; 26:21-39. [PMID: 31767352 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac ATP production primarily depends on oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and is dynamically regulated by Ca2+ levels in the mitochondrial matrix as well as by cytosolic ADP. We discuss mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling and its dysfunction which has recently been linked to cardiac pathologies including arrhythmia and heart failure. Similar dysfunction in other excitable and long-lived cells including neurons is associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Central to this new understanding is crucial Ca2+ regulation of both mitochondrial quality control and ATP production. Mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) signaling from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to mitochondria is discussed. We propose future research directions that emphasize a need to define quantitatively the physiological roles of MAMs, as well as mitochondrial quality control and ATP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron Boyman
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mariusz Karbowski
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - W Jonathan Lederer
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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12
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Rashdan NA, Pattillo CB. Hydrogen peroxide in the ER: A tale of triage. Redox Biol 2019; 28:101358. [PMID: 31685402 PMCID: PMC6920092 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a significant source of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). For correct protein folding the redox state of the ER must be efficiently regulated. As such, several mechanisms with varying degrees of overlap manage the redox state of the ER. H2O2 also functions as a second messenger playing a role in most aspects of cellular physiology and pathology, requiring tight control of the concentration and flux of H2O2. Bestetti et al. have demonstrated a role for Aquaporin 11 in transport of H2O2 out of the ER. Protein folding is a major source of H2O2 in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Aquaporin-11 mediates H2O2 transport across the ER membrane. HyPer is sensitive to pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil A Rashdan
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Science Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, 71130, LA, USA
| | - Christopher B Pattillo
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Science Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, 71130, LA, USA.
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