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Liang X, Qin Y, Wu D, Wang Q, Wu H. Pyroptosis: a double-edged sword in lung cancer and other respiratory diseases. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:40. [PMID: 38225586 PMCID: PMC10790448 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01458-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is an active cell death process mediated by gasdermin family proteins including Gasdermin A (GSDMA), Gasdermin B (GSDMB), Gasdermin C (GSDMC), Gasdermin D (GSDMD), Gasdermin E (GSDME, DFNA5), and DFNB59. Emerging evidences have shown that pyroptosis contributes to many pulmonary diseases, especially lung cancer, and pneumonia. The exact roles of pyroptosis and gasdermin family proteins are tremendously intricate. Besides, there are evidences that pyroptosis contributes to these respiratory diseases. However, it often plays a dual role in these diseases which is a cause for concern and makes it difficult for clinical translation. This review will focus on the multifaceted roles of pyroptosis in respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nantong University, 163# Shoushan Road, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, 214400, P. R. China
| | - Ya Qin
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nantong University, 163# Shoushan Road, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, 214400, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nantong University, 163# Shoushan Road, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, 214400, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nantong University, 163# Shoushan Road, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, 214400, P. R. China.
| | - Hongshuai Wu
- Wuxi Key Laboratory of Biomaterials for Clinical Application, Department of Central Laboratory, the Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nantong University, 163# Shoushan Road, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, 214400, P. R. China.
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Lin X, Wang X, Feng W, Wan Y, Chai J, Li F, Xu M. The Counteracting Effects of Ang II and Ang-(1-7) on the Function andGrowth of Insulin-secreting NIT-1 Cells. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e010124225112. [PMID: 38173074 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998276291231204115314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION China now has the highest number of diabetes in the world. Angiotensin II (Ang II) causes insulin resistance by acting on the insulin signaling pathway of peripheral target tissues. However, its effect on islet β-cells remains unclear. The possible role of Angiotensin-( 1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] as an antagonist to the effects of Ang II and in treating diabetes needs to be elucidated. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of Ang II and Ang-(1-7) on the function and growth of islet β cell line NIT-1, which is derived from the islets of non-obese diabetic/large T-antigen (NOD/LT) mice with insulinoma. METHODS NIT-1 cells were treated with Ang II, Ang-(1-7) and their respective receptor antagonists. The impact on cell function and growth was then evaluated. RESULTS Ang II significantly reduced insulin-stimulated IR-β-Tyr and Akt-Ser; while Ang-(1-7), saralasin (an Ang II receptor antagonist), and diphenyleneiodonium [DPI, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) antagonist] reversed the inhibiting effect. Conversely, Ang II significantly increased insulin-stimulated intracellular H2O2 and P47 phox, while saralasin and DPI reverted the effect. Furthermore, Ang-(1-7) reduced the elevated concentrations of ROS and MDA while increasing the proliferation rate that was reduced by high glucose, all of which were reversed by A-779, an antagonist of the Mas receptor (MasR). CONCLUSION Angiotensin II poses a negative regulatory effect on insulin signal transduction, increases oxidative stress, and may inhibit the transcription of insulin genes stimulated by insulin in NIT-1 cells. Meanwhile, angiotensin-(1-7) blocked these effects via MasR. These results corroborate the rising potential of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in treating diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhong Lin
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilian Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiani Chai
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingtong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Liu T, Wang Q, Du Z, Yin L, Li J, Meng X, Xue D. The trigger for pancreatic disease: NLRP3 inflammasome. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:246. [PMID: 37452057 PMCID: PMC10349060 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex expressed in a variety of cells to stimulate the production of inflammatory factors. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome depends on a complex regulatory mechanism, and its pro-inflammatory function plays an important role in pancreatic diseases. In this literature review, we summarize the activation mechanism of NLRP3 and analyze its role in each of the four typical pancreatic diseases. Through this article, we provide a relatively comprehensive summary to the researchers in this field, and provide some targeted therapy routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zhiwei Du
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Lu Yin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jiachen Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xianzhi Meng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Dongbo Xue
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
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Ma J, Ma R, Zhao X, Wang Y, Liao S, Nong C, Lu F, Liang Z, Huang J, Huang Y, Zhu Z, Wang J. Cyr61 Mediates Angiotensin II-Induced Podocyte Apoptosis via the Upregulation of TXNIP. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:8643548. [PMID: 37032654 PMCID: PMC10076116 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8643548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose. It is well documented that angiotensin II (Ang II) elevation promotes apoptosis of podocytes in vivo and vitro, but the potential mechanism is still oscular. The current study is aimed at probing into the assignment of cysteine-rich protein 61 (Cyr61) in Ang II-induced podocyte apoptosis. Methods. Podocytes were treated with Ang II (10-6 mol/L) for 48 hours to establish an injury model in vitro. Western blot assays were detected the expression of Cyr61, Cyt-c, Bax, and Bcl-2. Gene microarray was used to analyze the expression of mRNAs after treatment with Ang II. CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to knock down Cyr61 and overexpress TXNIP gene, respectively. Results. The expression of Cyr61, TXNIP, Cyt-c, and Bax in podocytes treated with Ang II were upregulated, but the expression and apoptotic rates of Bcl-2 in podocytes were inhibited. The level of the above factors was not significantly different after the knockdown of Cyr61 with Ang II in podocytes. In Ang II group, when knocked down Cyr61, the expressed level of TXNIP, Cyt-c, and Bax was diminished after Ang II treatment; interestingly Bcl-2 expression and podocyte apoptotic rate were reduced. Under the stimulation of Ang II, the expression of Cyt-c and Bax were growing, whereas Bcl-2 was reduced, and the apoptotic rates were higher in the TXNIP overexpression group. Cyt-c and Bax were put on, whereas that of Bcl-2 was to be cut down when the Cyr61 was knockdown, and the apoptotic rates were gained in the TXNIP overexpression+Cyr61 knockdown group. Conclusions. The results of the study extrapolate that Cyr61 plays a dominant role in Ang II-induced podocyte apoptosis. Additionally, Cyr61 may mediate the Ang II-induced podocyte apoptosis by promoting the expression of TNXIP.
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Expression and Mechanism of TXNIP/NLRP3 Inflammasome in Sciatic Nerve of Type 2 Diabetic Rats. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:9696303. [PMID: 35845136 PMCID: PMC9286945 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9696303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine the expression profiling and mechanism of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP)/nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway in sciatic nerve (SN) of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. Methods Ten out of the 35 healthy SD rats (specific pathogen free) purchased were randomized into the control group, while the others were established a T2DM model by feeding a high-fat and high-sugar diet plus laparoscopic injection of 1% streptozotocin (STZ). The successfully modeled rats were subgrouped into two arms: a DM group with 10 rats and a resveratrol- (RES-) treated DM intervention group with 11 rats. Normal saline to control and DM groups. Alterations in fasting blood glucose (FBG) and body weight (BW) at different time points after administration were observed. Sciatic nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) and mechanical pain threshold (MPT) were measured. TXNIP, NLRP3, caspase-1, and interleukin- (IL-) 1β levels in rat SN tissue were determined. Results DM group rats showed higher FBG and lower BW than control rats at different time points (P < 0.05). The FBG of DM intervention group at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after administration was lower, and the BW at 4 and 6 weeks after dosing was higher than DM group. Higher MPT and SNCV were determined in DM intervention group versus DM group (P < 0.05). DM group rats had disordered, swollen, and dissolved SN myelin sheath structure; TXNIP inhibition led to a small amount of nerve myelin fragments and mild pathological changes. Lower TXNIP, NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β protein levels were found in DM intervention group versus DM group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathy in T2DM rats may be linked to TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway activation, indicating the potential of this pathway as a therapeutic target for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).
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Wu H, Sun Q, Yuan S, Wang J, Li F, Gao H, Chen X, Yang R, Xu J. AT1 Receptors: Their Actions from Hypertension to Cognitive Impairment. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:311-325. [PMID: 35211833 PMCID: PMC8868040 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-022-09730-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most prevalent cardiovascular disorders worldwide, affecting 1.13 billion people, or 14% of the global population. Hypertension is the single biggest risk factor for cerebrovascular dysfunction. According to the American Heart Association, high blood pressure (BP), especially in middle-aged individuals (~ 40 to 60 years old), is associated with an increased risk of dementia, later in life. Alzheimer’s disease and cerebrovascular disease are the two leading causes of dementia, accounting for around 80% of the total cases and usually combining mixed pathologies from both. Little is known regarding how hypertension affects cognitive function, so the impact of its treatment on cognitive impairment has been difficult to assess. The brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is essential for BP regulation and overactivity of this system has been established to precede the development and maintenance of hypertension. Angiotensin II (Ang-II), the main peptide within this system, induces vasoconstriction and impairs neuro-vascular coupling by acting on brain Ang-II type 1 receptors (AT1R). In this review, we systemically analyzed the association between RAS and biological mechanisms of cognitive impairment, from the perspective of AT1R located in the central nervous system. Additionally, the possible contribution of brain AT1R to global cognition decline in COVID-19 cases will be discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxue Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qi Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Shenglan Yuan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Fanni Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Hongli Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xingjuan Chen
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Mohamed IN, Li L, Ismael S, Ishrat T, El-Remessy AB. Thioredoxin interacting protein, a key molecular switch between oxidative stress and sterile inflammation in cellular response. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1979-1999. [PMID: 35047114 PMCID: PMC8696646 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i12.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue and systemic inflammation have been the main culprit behind the cellular response to multiple insults and maintaining homeostasis. Obesity is an independent disease state that has been reported as a common risk factor for multiple metabolic and microvascular diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), retinopathy, critical limb ischemia, and impaired angiogenesis. Sterile inflammation driven by high-fat diet, increased formation of reactive oxygen species, alteration of intracellular calcium level and associated release of inflammatory mediators, are the main common underlying forces in the pathophysiology of NAFLD, ischemic retinopathy, stroke, and aging brain. This work aims to examine the contribution of the pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) to the expression and activation of NLRP3-inflammasome resulting in initiation or exacerbation of sterile inflammation in these disease states. Finally, the potential for TXNIP as a therapeutic target and whether TXNIP expression can be modulated using natural antioxidants or repurposing other drugs will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam N Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California North State University, Elk Grove, CA 95758, United States
| | - Luling Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California North State University, Elk Grove, CA 95758, United States
| | - Saifudeen Ismael
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, and Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Tauheed Ishrat
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, and Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Azza B El-Remessy
- Department of Pharmacy, Doctors Hospital of Augusta, Augusta, GA 30909, United States
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Li T, Huang HY, Wang H, Gao CC, Liang H, Deng CL, Zhao X, Han YL, Zhou ML. Restoration of Brain Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Alleviates Neurological Deficits after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury via Mitigation of Pyroptosis and Apoptosis. J Neurotrauma 2021; 39:423-434. [PMID: 34861788 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinically, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is intensely activated in moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. Increased angiotensin II in circulatory blood after TBI can enter the brain through the disrupted blood-brain barrier. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an enzyme that metabolizes angiotensin II into angiotensin (1-7), which has been shown to have neuroprotective results. However, the expression and role of ACE2 in the brain after TBI remains elusive. We found that ACE2 protein abundance was downregulated around the contusional area in the brains of both humans and mice. Endogenous ACE2 was expressed in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia in the cortex of the mouse brain. Administration of recombinant human ACE2 intracerebroventricularly alleviated neurological defects after TBI in mice. Treatment of recombinant human ACE2 suppressed TBI-induced increase of angiotensin II and the decrease of angiotensin (1-7) in the brain, mitigated neural cell death, reduced the activation of NLRP3 and Caspase3, decreased phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, and nuclear factor kappa B, and reduced inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. Administration of ACE2 enzyme activator diminazene aceturate intraperitoneally rescued downregulation of ACE2 enzymatic activity and protein abundance in the brain. Diminazene aceturate treatment once per day in the acute stage after TBI alleviated long-term cognitive defects and neuronal loss in mice. Collectively, these results indicated that restoration of ACE2 alleviated neurological deficits after TBI by mitigation of pyroptosis and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Nanjing Medical University, 12461, Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine,, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China;
| | - Han-Yu Huang
- Nanjing Medical University, 12461, Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine,, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China;
| | - Handong Wang
- Nanjing Medical University, 12461, neurosurgery of jinling hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China;
| | - Chao-Chao Gao
- Nanjing Medical University, 12461, Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine,, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China;
| | - Hui Liang
- Nanjing University, 12581, Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China;
| | - Chu-Lei Deng
- Nanjing Jinling Hospital, 144990, Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China;
| | - Xin Zhao
- Nanjing University, 12581, Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China;
| | - Yan-Lin Han
- Nanjing University, 12581, Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China;
| | - Meng-Liang Zhou
- Nanjing University, 12581, Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China;
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Immune Responses in the Glaucomatous Retina: Regulation and Dynamics. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081973. [PMID: 34440742 PMCID: PMC8391899 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a multifactorial disease resulting in progressive vision loss due to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) dysfunction and death. Early events in the pathobiology of the disease include oxidative, metabolic, or mechanical stress that acts upon RGC, causing these to rapidly release danger signals, including extracellular ATP, resulting in micro- and macroglial activation and neuroinflammation. Danger signaling also leads to the formation of inflammasomes in the retina that enable maturation of proinflammatory cytokines such IL-1β and IL-18. Chronic neuroinflammation can have directly damaging effects on RGC, but it also creates a proinflammatory environment and compromises the immune privilege of the retina. In particular, continuous synthesis of proinflammatory mediators such as TNFα, IL-1β, and anaphylatoxins weakens the blood–retina barrier and recruits or activates T-cells. Recent data have demonstrated that adaptive immune responses strongly exacerbate RGC loss in animal models of the disease as T-cells appear to target heat shock proteins displayed on the surface of stressed RGC to cause their apoptotic death. It is possible that dysregulation of these immune responses contributes to the continued loss of RGC in some patients.
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Zhang H, Tang Y, Tao J. Sex-Related Overactivation of NLRP3 Inflammasome Increases Lethality of the Male COVID-19 Patients. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:671363. [PMID: 34150848 PMCID: PMC8212049 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.671363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, remains a dramatic threat to human life and economic well-being worldwide. Significant heterogeneity in the severity of disease was observed for patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 ranging from asymptomatic to severe cases. Moreover, male patients had a higher probability of suffering from high mortality and severe symptoms linked to cytokine storm and excessive inflammation. The NLRP3 inflammasome is presumably critical to this process. Sex differences may directly affect the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, impacting the severity of observed COVID-19 symptoms. To elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying sex based differences in NLRP3 activation during SARS-CoV-2 infection, this review summarizes the reported mechanisms and identifies potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jinhui Tao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Matsuoka T, Yoshimatsu G, Sakata N, Kawakami R, Tanaka T, Yamada T, Yoshida Y, Hasegawa S, Kodama S. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome by MCC950 improves the metabolic outcome of islet transplantation by suppressing IL-1β and islet cellular death. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17920. [PMID: 33087823 PMCID: PMC7578017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74786-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Early rejection is a critical issue to be overcome to achieve successful islet transplantation. NLRP3 inflammasome is a protein complex that mediates the maturation of pro-interleukin (IL)-1β and pro-IL-18 to IL-1β and IL-18, respectively, which induce cellular death. Here, we investigated the impact of NLRP3 inflammasome and the effect of its inhibition by MCC950 in a rodent model of islet transplantation. We assessed the therapeutic effects of MCC950, a specific inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome, on gene expression, islet survival ratio and viability, and islet transplantation in mice. NLRP3 inflammasome-related gene (Nlrp3 and Il1b) expression was upregulated in islets stimulated with proinflammatory cytokines and suppressed when incubated with MCC950. Survival ratio and viability of incubated islets were reduced by cytokine stimulation and improved by MCC950. Regarding islet transplantation, the number of apoptotic cells in transplanted islets was reduced by MCC950. Furthermore, the expression of IL-1β in transplanted islets, migration of macrophages around islets, and fluctuation of blood glucose levels were suppressed by MCC950. Our study revealed that NLRP3 inflammasome worsened the therapeutic outcomes of islet transplantation and that MCC950 administration improved glycaemic control in syngeneic mice that underwent islet transplantation by inhibiting inflammation, which suppressed islet death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Matsuoka
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Gumpei Yoshimatsu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Naoaki Sakata
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Ryo Kawakami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tanaka
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Teppei Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Suguru Hasegawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shohta Kodama
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
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Deng B, Feng J, Wang L, Chen X. Silencing of CRT relieves Ang II-Induced injury of HUVECs with insulin resistance. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 41:321-330. [PMID: 32873146 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1808677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of Angiotensin II (Ang II) on insulin-resistant endothelial cells. High glucose and insulin at series of concentrations were used to induce IR in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs). Successful IR induction was confirmed according to glucose consumption and glycogen content levels. Cell morphology was observed under a microscope. Expression levels of Ang II and Calreticulin (CRT) were measured by ELISA, qRT-PCR and Western blot as appropriate. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. HUVECs with IR were exposed to Ang II at series of concentrations, and then the cell viability, apoptosis and CRT were detected. Rescue assays were performed by transfection of siCRT or overexpression of CRT with or without Ang II stimulation into the HUVECs with IR. Expressions of cell apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2 and Bax were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Glucose (33.3 mmol/L) and insulin (4 µmol/L) induced significantly strong IR to the HUVECs, with a pathological appearance. Levels of Agn II and CRT were both up-regulated by IR. Cell viability of HUVECs was slightly reduced after IR induction for 2 h, and cell apoptosis rate was increased. In addition, Ang II (10-7 mol/l) suppressed cell viability and glucose uptake, promoted cell apoptosis and increased CRT, and these effects could be weakened by silencing CRT. Thus, we preliminarily proved that Ang II up-regulates CRT, and CRT knockdown can relieve Ang II-induced injury of HUVECs with IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyong Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Liang T, Wu Z, Du S, Hu L. TXNIP Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Chinese Han Population. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:1513-1520. [PMID: 32522049 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zubo Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuaixian Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lihua Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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14
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Sun T, Han X. Death versus dedifferentiation: The molecular bases of beta cell mass reduction in type 2 diabetes. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 103:76-82. [PMID: 31831356 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus is currently affecting more than 425 million people worldwide, among which over 90 % of the cases belong to type 2 diabetes. The number is growing quickly every year. Together with its many complications, the disease is causing tremendous social and economic burden and is classified as one of the leading causes of high morbidity and mortality rate. Residing in the islets of Langerhans, pancreatic beta cell serves as a central mediator in glucose homeostasis through secreting insulin, the only hormone that could reduce glucose level in the body, into the blood. Abnormality in pancreatic beta cell is generally considered as the fundamental reason which is responsible for the development of diabetes. Evidence shows that beta cell mass is greatly reduced in the biopsy of type 2 diabetic patients. Since then, large amount of research was conducted in order to decipher the molecular mechanisms behind the phenotype above and enormous progression has been made. The aim of this review is to summarize and provide a rudimentary molecular road map for beta cell mass reduction from the aspects of apoptosis and dedifferentiation based on recent research advances. Hopefully, this review could give the community some enlightenment for the next-step research and, more importantly, could provide avenues for developing novel and effective therapies to restrain or reverse beta cell loss in type 2 diabetes in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211100, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Cao Z, Wang Y, Long Z, He G. Interaction between autophagy and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2019; 51:1087-1095. [PMID: 31609412 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmz098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a metabolic pathway that plays an important role in maintaining the dynamic balance of cells, has two types, i.e. non-selective autophagy and selective autophagy. The role of non-selective autophagy is primarily to allow cells to circulate nutrients in an energy-limited environment, while selective autophagy primarily cleans up the organelles inside the cells to maintain the cell structure. The NLRP3 inflammasome is an innate immune response produced by the organism that can promote the secretion of interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 through caspase-1 activation and resist the damage of some pathogens. However, when the NLRP3 inflammasome is overactivated, it can cause various inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory liver disease and inflammatory bowel disease. Many previous studies have shown that autophagy can inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome, while in recent years, new studies have found that autophagy can also promote the NLRP3 inflammasome in some cases, and the NLRP3 inflammasome can, in turn, affect autophagy. In this review, the interaction between autophagy and the NLRP3 inflammasome is explored, and then the application of this interaction in disease treatment is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenrui Cao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yanhao Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhimin Long
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guiqiong He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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