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Irshad M, Ahmed M, Ramzan M, Fatima M, Aftab F, Sanaullah M, Qamar S, Iftikhar Z, Wani TA, Zargar S. Appraisal of potentially toxic metals contamination in protein supplements for muscle growth: A chemometric approach and associated human health risks. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 85:127481. [PMID: 38878468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of protein supplements by athletes has risen due to their effectiveness in meeting dietary needs. However, there is a growing concern about the presence of potentially toxic metals (PTMs. Al, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) in these supplements. Consequently, it is crucial to evaluate the levels of these PTMs to ensure the safety of the supplements. METHODS The objective of the current study was to assess the PTMs concentrations in protein supplements and examine any possible health hazards. Twenty-five samples of protein supplements were purchased from different pharmacies to screen them for metals. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was utilized to analyze metal content. Additionally, chemometric methods such as Pearson's correlation coefficient (PCC), principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were employed to identify possible sources of PTMs contamination in protein supplements. RESULTS Concentration ranges for PTMs were found as, Al (0.03-3.05 mg/kg), Cr (0.11-0.89 mg/kg), Mn (1.13-8.40 mg/kg), Ni (0.06-0.71 mg/kg), Cu (1.05-5.51 mg/kg), Zn (2.14-27.10 mg/kg), Cd (0.01-0.78 mg/kg), and Pb (0.06-0.57 mg/kg). The weekly intake of Cd exceeded the level of tolerable weekly intake (TWI) set by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). CONCLUSION Athletes, bodybuilders, fitness enthusiasts, dieters, young adults and adolescents, and health-conscious individuals should be conscious of Cd concentration as it does not compliance the TWI set by EFSA. Target hazard quotient (THQ < 1), hazard index (HI < 1), margin of exposure (MOE ≥ 1), percentile permitted daily exposure (% PDE < 100), and cumulative cancer risk (CCR < 1 × 10-3) analyses revealed that there are no appreciable non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks associated with the use of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misbah Irshad
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, College Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, College Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ramzan
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, College Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Fatima
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, College Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Aftab
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, College Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mudassar Sanaullah
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, College Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shaista Qamar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Iftikhar
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tanveer A Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seema Zargar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 222452, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Woldetsadik D, Sims DB, Garner MC, Hudson AC, Monk J, Braunersrither B, Adepa Sunshine WN, Warner-McRoy L, Vasani S. United States Grown and Imported Rice on Sale in Las Vegas: Metal(loid)s Composition and Geographic Origin Discrimination. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:3829-3839. [PMID: 37952013 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03942-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of metal(loid)s, Ag, Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Se, Sr, V and Zn, were determined in rice on sale in Las Vegas. The rice samples were grown in five different countries, the USA, Thailand, India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. The elemental concentrations in rice grain were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) following hot block-assisted digestion. The accuracy of the laboratory procedure was verified by the analysis of rice flour standard reference material (NIST SRM 1568b). The mean metal(loid) contents in rice of various geographic origins were 3.18-5.91 mg kg-1 for Al, 0.05-0.12 mg kg-1 for As, 3.64-41 μg kg-1 for Cd, 5.11-12 μg kg-1 for Co, 0.12-0.14 mg kg-1 for Cr, 1.5-1.91 mg kg-1 for Cu, 3.04-4.98 mg kg-1 for Fe, 4.2-10.4 mg kg-1 for Mn, 0.21-0.41 mg kg-1 for Ni, 0.02-0.07 mg kg-1 for Se, 0.68-0.88 mg kg-1 for Sr, 3.64-5.26 μg kg-1 for V, and 16.6-19.9 mg kg-1 for Zn. respectively. The mean concentration of As in US rice was significantly higher than in Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi rice. On the other hand, it was found a significantly low mean level of Cd in US-grown rice. It was also found that the concentrations of metal(loid)s in black and brown rice on sale in Las Vegas were statistically similar, except for Mn and Se. The geographic origin traceability of rice grain involved the use of ICP-MS analysis coupled with chemometrics that allowed their differentiation based on the rice metal(loid) profile, thus confirming their origins. Data were processed by linear discriminant analysis, and US and Thai rice samples were cross-validated with higher accuracy (100%). This authentication quickly discriminates US rice from the other regions and adds verifiable food safety measures for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desta Woldetsadik
- Department of Soil and Water Resources Management, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
- College of Southern Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Joshua Monk
- College of Southern Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
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Rizwan M, Usman K, Alsafran M. Ecological impacts and potential hazards of nickel on soil microbes, plants, and human health. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:142028. [PMID: 38621494 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) contamination poses a serious environmental concern, particularly in developing countries: where, anthropogenic activities significantly contributes to Ni accumulations in soils and waters. The contamination of agricultural soils with Ni, increases risks of its entry to terrestrial ecosystems and food production systems posing a threat to both food security and safety. We examined the existing published articles regarding the origin, source, accumulation, and transport of Ni in soil environments. Particularly, we reviewed the bioavailability and toxic effects of Ni to soil invertebrates and microbes, as well as its impact on soil-plant interactions including seed germination, nutrient uptake, photosynthesis, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme activity, and biomass production. Moreover, it underscores the potential health hazards associated with consuming crops cultivated in Ni-contaminated soils and elucidates the pathways through which Ni enters the food chain. The published literature suggests that chronic Ni exposure may have long-term implications for the food supply chain and the health of the public. Therefore, an aggressive effort is required for interdisciplinary collaboration for assessing and mitigating the ecological and health risks associated with Ni contamination. It also argues that these measures are necessary in light of the increasing level of Ni pollution in soil ecosystems and the potential impacts on public health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizwan
- Agricultural Research Station, Office of VP for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Kamal Usman
- Agricultural Research Station, Office of VP for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Alsafran
- Agricultural Research Station, Office of VP for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar.
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Nunes Alves SC, Saran LM, Tarle Pissarra TC, de Melo WJ, Dias Delarica DDL, Carlos RS, Peruca de Melo GM, Ferreira Araújo AS, Abaker Bertipaglia LM, Alburquerque Donha RM. Nickel sources affect soil biological properties but do not affect sorghum growth. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 354:141722. [PMID: 38494004 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) is an essential element, but it can be phytotoxic in high concentration, which may be caused by high availability in soil solution. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sources and doses of Ni applied to a dystrophic Red Latosol cultivated with sorghum on i) the availability of the metal in the soil; ii) the impact on biological and biochemical properties of the soil; iii) the absorption and distribution in sorghum plants; and iv) crop productivity. The experiment was carried out within a completely randomized design with two nickel sources [nickel(II) nitrate, Ni(NO3)2 and nickel(III) oxide, Ni2O3], three doses (35, 70, and 140 mg Ni kg-1 soil), plus controls without Ni, with 3 replications. The concentrations of Ni in the soil, soil microbial biomass (SMB), basal soil respiration (BSR), metabolic quotient (qCO2), fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis, and urease activity were determined. The concentrations of Ni in the leaf diagnostic and in the plant (shoot, root, and grains) were also measured. In the soil, the concentrations of available Ni remained between 0.21 and 54.01 mg Ni kg-1. Ni2O3 contributed very little to the increase in available Ni. SMB and the FDA hydrolysis were not affected by the Ni source or Ni dose, but BSR and qCO2 had significant increase with Ni application rates, suggesting the soil microorganisms faced stress. Soil urease activity was affected by Ni dose but not by Ni source. The dose of Ni as Ni(NO3)2 decreased the metal concentration in the plant, while that of Ni2O3 increased it. Nickel source did not affect dry mass production of the plants, but grain yield was affected in a dose-dependent manner when Ni2O3 was the source of Ni.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana Maria Saran
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, Brazil.
| | | | - Wanderley José de Melo
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, Brazil; Departamento de Produção Animal, Brasil University, Descalvado, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Roberta Souto Carlos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, Brazil
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Jota Baptista C, Seixas F, Gonzalo-Orden JM, Patinha C, Pato P, Ferreira da Silva E, Merino-Goyenechea LJ, Oliveira PA. Heavy metals and metalloids in wild boars (Sus Scrofa) - a silent but serious public health hazard. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1015-1023. [PMID: 38052737 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10272-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Wild boars (Sus scrofa) are part of the hunting economy and are highly consumed in the Iberian Peninsula, including in the Castile and Leon regions. As zoonotic diseases, chemical pollutants in wild boars' internal tissues should be interpreted as evidence of environmental contamination and a matter of concern for animal, human and ecosystem health; in other words, a One Health concern. Twenty-eight wild boars' livers and kidneys (n = 28) from Castile and Leon were submitted to metal(loid) determination (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrophotometry (ICP-MS) and histopathological exam. Cd levels, especially in the kidneys (7.063 ± 7.271 mg/kg dw), were the most concerning results, considering the calculated maximum values for consumption (EC No. 915/2023) (2.491 mg/kg dw or 1.0 mg/kg ww). Wild boars with hydropic changes in the liver presented higher concentrations of Ni. Thus, the metal(loid) contamination of wild boar carcasses seems to be a "no trace" but very relevant problem that should raise awareness of a more accurate monitoring program and other strategies to avoid public health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Jota Baptista
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Escola de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (ECAV), Universidade de Trás- os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal.
- Centro de Investigação das Tecnologias Agroambientais e Biológicas (CITAB- Inov4Agro), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal.
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, León, Spain.
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias (FMV-ULHT), Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Fernanda Seixas
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Escola de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (ECAV), Universidade de Trás- os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
- Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), UTAD, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, 5000-801, Portugal
| | | | - Carla Patinha
- GEOBIOTEC & Departamento de Geociências, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pato
- GEOBIOTEC & Departamento de Geociências, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | | - Paula A Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Escola de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (ECAV), Universidade de Trás- os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação das Tecnologias Agroambientais e Biológicas (CITAB- Inov4Agro), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
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Tek PPY, Ng CC. Accumulation of potentially toxic elements in fourfinger threadfin (Eleutheronema tetradactylum) and black pomfret (Parastromateus niger) from Selangor, Malaysia. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:382. [PMID: 38502262 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12508-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The accumulation of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) has raised public awareness due to harmful contamination to both human and marine creatures. This study was designed to determine the concentration of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni) in the intestine, kidney, muscle, gill, and liver tissues of local commercial edible fish, fourfinger threadfin (Eleutheronema tetradactylum), and black pomfret (Parastromateus niger) collected from Morib (M) and Kuala Selangor (KS). Among the studied PTEs, Cu and Zn were essential elements to regulate body metabolism with certain dosages required while Cd and Ni were considered as non-essential elements that posed chronic and carcinogenic risk. The concentration of PTEs in fish tissue samples was analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS). By comparing the concentration of PTEs in fish tissues as a bioindicator, the environmental risk of Morib was more serious than Kuala Selangor because both fish species collected from Morib resulted in a higher PTEs concentration. For an average 62 kg adult with a fish ingestion rate (FIR) of 0.16 kg/person/day in Malaysia, the estimated weekly intake (EWI) of Cd from the consumption of E. tetradactylum (M: 0.0135 mg/kg; KS: 0.0134 mg/kg) and P. niger (M: 0.0140 mg/kg; KS: 0.0132 mg/kg) had exceeded the provisional tolerable weekly intake (Cd: 0.007 mg/kg) established by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and oral reference dose (ORD) values of Cd (0.001 mg/kg/day) as provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) regional screening level, thus it posed chronic risks for daily basis consumption. Besides, the value of the carcinogenic risk of Cd (0.7-3 to 0.8-3) and Ni (0.5-3 to 0.6-3) were in between the acceptable range (10-6 to 10-4) of the health index that indicates a relatively low possibility cancer occurrence to the consumers in both Morib and Kuala Selangor. This study recommended FIR to be 0.80 kg/person/day to reduce the possibility of posing chronic and carcinogenic risks while at the same time obtaining the essential nutrients from the fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Pei Yee Tek
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, 43900, Bandar Sunsuria, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Chuck Chuan Ng
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, 43900, Bandar Sunsuria, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Zhou Y, Yan L, Li H, Li X, Liu Y, Liu J. Patterns and Determinants of Essential and Toxic Elements in Chinese Women at Mid-Pregnancy, Late Pregnancy, and Lactation. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020668. [PMID: 33669610 PMCID: PMC7922563 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal status of essential and toxic elements affects the health of the mother, developing fetus, or breastfeeding infant. However, few studies have examined the patterns of these elements and their determinants in pregnant or lactating women. Plasma samples of 1211 healthy mid-pregnant, late pregnant, and lactating women enrolled in coastland, lakeland, and inland areas of China from May–July 2014, were analyzed for concentrations of 15 elements, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The adjusted median concentrations of elements varied by physiologic stage and region. Lactating versus pregnant women showed higher concentrations of Zn, Cr, Mo, Ni, Sb, Cd and Pb, but lower concentrations of Cu, I, Al and Hg. In pregnant women, the concentrations of Fe, Zn, I, Mo, Ni, Al, Hg and Cd were higher in mid- versus late-pregnancy. Overall, the highest concentrations were observed in Zn, I, Mn, Al, and Pb in coastland, in Hg in lakeland, and in Fe in inland area. Element concentrations varied by maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, education, parity, delivery mode, feeding practice, and intakes of aquatic products and mutton. In conclusion, essential and toxic elements coexisted in pregnant and lactating women, and their concentrations varied by physiologic stages, regions, maternal socio-demographic characteristics and dietary factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Zhou
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.Z.); (H.L.); (X.L.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lailai Yan
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Medical and Health Analysis Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongtian Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.Z.); (H.L.); (X.L.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiucui Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.Z.); (H.L.); (X.L.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yaqiong Liu
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Medical and Health Analysis Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianmeng Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.Z.); (H.L.); (X.L.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-82801136
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