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Andraos S, Jones B, Wall C, Thorstensen E, Kussmann M, Cameron-Smith D, Lange K, Clifford S, Saffery R, Burgner D, Wake M, O’Sullivan J. Plasma B Vitamers: Population Epidemiology and Parent-Child Concordance in Children and Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030821. [PMID: 33801409 PMCID: PMC8001009 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Scope: B vitamers are co-enzymes involved in key physiological processes including energy production, one-carbon, and macronutrient metabolism. Studies profiling B vitamers simultaneously in parent–child dyads are scarce. Profiling B vitamers in parent–child dyads enables an insightful determination of gene–environment contributions to their circulating concentrations. We aimed to characterise: (a) parent–child dyad concordance, (b) generation (children versus adults), (c) age (within the adult subgroup (age range 28–71 years)) and (d) sex differences in plasma B vitamer concentrations in the CheckPoint study of Australian children. Methods and Results: 1166 children (11 ± 0.5 years, 51% female) and 1324 parents (44 ± 5.1 years, 87% female) took part in a biomedical assessment of a population-derived longitudinal cohort study: The Growing Up in Australia’s Child Health CheckPoint. B vitamer levels were quantified by UHPLC/MS-MS. B vitamer levels were weakly concordant between parent–child pairs (10–31% of variability explained). All B vitamer concentrations exhibited generation-specificity, except for flavin mononucleotide (FMN). The levels of thiamine, pantothenic acid, and 4-pyridoxic acid were higher in male children, and those of pantothenic acid were higher in male adults compared to their female counterparts. Conclusion: Family, age, and sex contribute to variations in the concentrations of plasma B vitamers in Australian children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Andraos
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (S.A.); (E.T.); (M.K.); (D.C.-S.)
| | - Beatrix Jones
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand;
| | - Clare Wall
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand;
| | - Eric Thorstensen
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (S.A.); (E.T.); (M.K.); (D.C.-S.)
| | - Martin Kussmann
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (S.A.); (E.T.); (M.K.); (D.C.-S.)
- New Zealand National Science Challenge High-Value Nutrition, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (S.A.); (E.T.); (M.K.); (D.C.-S.)
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Katherine Lange
- The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (K.L.); (S.C.); (R.S.); (D.B.); (M.W.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Susan Clifford
- The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (K.L.); (S.C.); (R.S.); (D.B.); (M.W.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (K.L.); (S.C.); (R.S.); (D.B.); (M.W.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - David Burgner
- The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (K.L.); (S.C.); (R.S.); (D.B.); (M.W.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Melissa Wake
- The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (K.L.); (S.C.); (R.S.); (D.B.); (M.W.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Justin O’Sullivan
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (S.A.); (E.T.); (M.K.); (D.C.-S.)
- New Zealand National Science Challenge High-Value Nutrition, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-9-373-8763
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Hu C, Liu M, Wan T, Tang L, Sun B, Zhou B, Lam JCW, Lam PKS, Chen L. Disturbances in Microbial and Metabolic Communication across the Gut-Liver Axis Induced by a Dioxin-like Pollutant: An Integrated Metagenomics and Metabolomics Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:529-537. [PMID: 33356191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To determine how the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling acts along the gut-liver axis, we employed an integrated metagenomic and metabolomic approach to comprehensively profile the microbial and metabolic networks. Adult zebrafish were exposed to a model agonist of the AhR: polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 126. The metagenomic analysis showed that PCB126 suppressed microbial activities related to primary bile acid metabolism in male intestines. Accordingly, a suite of primary bile acids consistently showed higher concentrations, suggesting that bacterial conversion of primary bile acids was blocked. PCB126 also disturbed bacterial metabolism of bile acids in female intestines, as revealed by higher concentrations of primary bile acids (e.g., chenodeoxycholic acid) and activation of the nuclear farnesoid X receptor signaling. In addition, PCB126 exposure impaired the metabolism of various essential vitamins (e.g., retinol, vitamin B6, and folate). Degradation of vitamin B6 by bacterial enzymes was inhibited in male intestines, resulting in its intestinal accumulation. However, PCB126 suppressed the bacterial metabolism of vitamins in female intestines, causing systematic deficiency of essential vitamins. Overall, we found that PCB126 exposure dysregulated gut microbial activities, consequently interrupting bile acid and vitamin metabolism along the gut-liver axis. The findings provided an insight of the AhR action in microbe-host metabolic communication related to PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyan Hu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Teng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lizhu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baili Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - James C W Lam
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lianguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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Kobayashi D, Yoshimura T, Johno A, Ishikawa M, Sasaki K, Wada K. Decrease in pyridoxal-5′-phosphate concentration and increase in pyridoxal concentration in rat plasma by 4′-O-methylpyridoxine administration. Nutr Res 2015; 35:637-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
Measures of B6 status are categorized as direct biomarkers and as functional biomarkers. Direct biomarkers measure B6 vitamers in plasma/serum, urine and erythrocytes, and among these plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) is most commonly used. Functional biomarkers include erythrocyte transaminase activities and, more recently, plasma levels of metabolites involved in PLP-dependent reactions, such as the kynurenine pathway, one-carbon metabolism, transsulfuration (cystathionine), and glycine decarboxylation (serine and glycine). Vitamin B6 status is best assessed by using a combination of biomarkers because of the influence of potential confounders, such as inflammation, alkaline phosphatase activity, low serum albumin, renal function, and inorganic phosphate. Ratios between substrate-products pairs have recently been investigated as a strategy to attenuate such influence. These efforts have provided promising new markers such as the PAr index, the 3-hydroxykynurenine:xanthurenic acid ratio, and the oxoglutarate:glutamate ratio. Targeted metabolic profiling or untargeted metabolomics based on mass spectrometry allow the simultaneous quantification of a large number of metabolites, which are currently evaluated as functional biomarkers, using data reduction statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Magne Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, and the Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway;
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Footitt EJ, Clayton PT, Mills K, Heales SJ, Neergheen V, Oppenheim M, Mills PB. Measurement of plasma B6 vitamer profiles in children with inborn errors of vitamin B6 metabolism using an LC-MS/MS method. J Inherit Metab Dis 2013; 36:139-45. [PMID: 22576361 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-012-9493-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin B(6) dependent seizure disorders are an important and treatable cause of childhood epilepsy. The molecular and biochemical basis for some of these disorders has only recently been elucidated and it is likely that inborn errors affecting other parts of this complex metabolic pathway are yet to be described. In man vitamin B(6) ingested from the diet exists as six different vitamers, pyridoxal (PL), pyridoxamine (PM), pyridoxine (PN), pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), pyridoxamine 5'- phosphate (PMP) and pyridoxine 5'-phosphate (PNP). Its breakdown product, 4-pyridoxic acid (PA), is excreted in urine. Here we describe an analytical LC-MS/MS method to measure all vitameric B(6) forms in plasma and have subsequently applied this methodology to investigate children with vitamin B(6) responsive seizure disorders. We show that patients with inborn errors of B(6) metabolism such as pyridox(am)ine 5'-phosphate oxidase (PNPO) deficiency have characteristic B(6) profiles which allow them to be differentiated from each other and control populations, even when on treatment with B(6). Regardless of diagnosis, patients on treatment doses of pyridoxine hydrochloride and pyridoxal phosphate have markedly elevated levels of some vitameric forms (PLP, PL and PA). Such mega doses of B(6) treatment are known to be associated with neurotoxicity. This LC-MS/MS method will be a useful tool for treatment monitoring and may help further our understanding of mechanisms of neurotoxicity in patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Footitt
- Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
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Ulvik A, Midttun Ø, Pedersen ER, Nygård O, Ueland PM. Association of plasma B-6 vitamers with systemic markers of inflammation before and after pyridoxine treatment in patients with stable angina pectoris. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95:1072-8. [PMID: 22492365 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.029751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A negative association between systemic markers of inflammation and plasma vitamin B-6 has been observed in population-based and patient cohorts; however, vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine) treatment has mostly failed to improve inflammatory indexes. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the effect of pyridoxine treatment on B-6 vitamer and inflammatory marker relations. DESIGN We measured pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), pyridoxal, 4-pyridoxic acid (PA), C-reactive protein (CRP), neopterin, and the kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio (KTR) in plasma and the white blood cell count (WBC). A partial Spearman's correlation was used to assess associations of B-6 vitamers with inflammatory markers before and after daily treatment with 40 mg pyridoxine hydrochloride. Generalized additive models and segmented regression analysis were used for nonlinear relations. RESULTS A 9-60-fold increase in B-6 vitamer concentrations over baseline values was observed after 28 d of treatment with pyridoxine. PLP was negatively associated with all 4 inflammatory markers at baseline and, predominantly, with CRP and KTR at day 28. The catabolite PA was positively associated with neopterin and KTR before and after treatment. The dose-response relation between CRP and B-6 vitamers at day 28 was nonlinear, with an increased steepness of slope at CRP >7 mg/L. Finally, changes in B-6 vitamer concentrations were correlated with changes in inflammatory marker concentrations over a time span of 4 wk. CONCLUSIONS The associations between plasma vitamin B-6 and inflammatory markers were preserved or even increased after pyridoxine treatment. The results suggest that the acute phase and activated cellular immunity are associated with increased cellular uptake and catabolism of vitamin B-6, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arve Ulvik
- Bevital A/S, Laboratoriebygget, Bergen, Norway.
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Wei EK, Giovannucci E, Selhub J, Fuchs CS, Hankinson SE, Ma J. Plasma vitamin B6 and the risk of colorectal cancer and adenoma in women. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005; 97:684-92. [PMID: 15870439 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dji116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin B6, whose main circulating form is pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), is important in one-carbon metabolism, which is critical for DNA synthesis and DNA methylation, both of which are potentially involved in colorectal carcinogenesis. However, no previous epidemiologic studies have directly evaluated the association of plasma PLP with risk for colorectal neoplasia. METHODS We conducted a prospective nested case-control study of 32,826 female participants of the Nurses' Health Study who provided blood specimens in 1989-1990. From 1989-1990 to 2000 (1998 for adenoma), a total of 194 incident colorectal cancer cases and 410 incident colorectal adenoma cases were identified from medical records. Multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS A suggestive inverse association was observed between plasma PLP concentration and risk for colorectal cancer when comparing the highest quartile versus the lowest (RR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.31 to 1.01; P(trend) = .07); the association of PLP concentration with colon cancer was statistically significant (RR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.21 to 0.85; P(trend) = .02). Both associations were statistically significant and stronger after controlling for intakes of folate, of multivitamins, and of methionine (for colorectal cancer, RR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.25 to 0.92; P(trend) = .03; for colon cancer, RR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.18 to 0.80; P(trend) = .01). Total vitamin B(6) intake was also statistically significantly inversely associated with colon cancer risk (RR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.27 to 0.97; P(trend) = .007). There was a suggestive inverse association between plasma PLP concentration and advanced distal colorectal adenoma (RR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.37 to 1.11; P(trend) = .08), but the association with early-stage adenoma was weaker (RR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.52 to 1.38; P(trend) = .52). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that vitamin B6 may be inversely associated with risk of colorectal neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther K Wei
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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