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Kadam I, Dalloul M, Hausser J, Vaday D, Gilboa E, Wang L, Hittelman J, Hoepner L, Fordjour L, Chitamanni P, Saxena A, Jiang X. Role of one-carbon nutrient intake and diabetes during pregnancy in children's growth and neurodevelopment: A 2-year follow-up study of a prospective cohort. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1216-1223. [PMID: 38636347 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Both maternal metabolic dysregulation, e.g., gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and maternal supply of nutrients that participate in one-carbon (1C) metabolism, e.g., folate, choline, betaine, and vitamin B12, have been demonstrated to influence epigenetic modification such as DNA methylation, thereby exerting long-lasting impacts on growth and development of offspring. This study aimed to determine how maternal 1C nutrient intake was associated with DNA methylation and further, development of children, as well as whether maternal GDM status modified the association in a prospective cohort. METHODS In this study, women with (n = 18) and without (n = 20) GDM were recruited at 25-33 weeks gestation. Detailed dietary intake data was collected by 3-day 24-h dietary recall and nutrient levels in maternal blood were also assessed at enrollment. The maternal-child dyads were invited to participate in a 2-year follow-up during which anthropometric measurement and the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development™ Screening Test (Third Edition) were conducted on children. The association between maternal 1C nutrients and children's developmental outcomes was analyzed with a generalized linear model controlling for maternal GDM status. RESULTS We found that children born to mothers with GDM had lower scores in the language domain of the Bayley test (p = 0.049). Higher maternal food folate and choline intakes were associated with better language scores in children (p = 0.01 and 0.025, respectively). Higher maternal food folate intakes were also associated with better cognitive scores in children (p = 0.002). Higher 1C nutrient intakes during pregnancy were associated with lower body weight of children at 2 years of age (p < 0.05). However, global DNA methylation of children's buccal cells was not associated with any maternal 1C nutrients. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, higher 1C nutrient intake during pregnancy was associated with lower body weight and better neurodevelopmental outcomes of children. This may help overcome the lower language scores seen in GDM-affected children in this cohort. Studies in larger cohorts and with a longer follow-up duration are needed to further delineate the relationship between prenatal 1C nutrient exposure, especially in GDM-affected pregnancies, and offspring health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isma'il Kadam
- Departments of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA; PhD Program in Biochemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mudar Dalloul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Jeanette Hausser
- Departments of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
| | - Doron Vaday
- Departments of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
| | - Ella Gilboa
- Departments of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Public Health, Robbins College of Human Health and Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76711, USA
| | - Joan Hittelman
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Lori Hoepner
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Lawrence Fordjour
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Pavani Chitamanni
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Anjana Saxena
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College of City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
| | - Xinyin Jiang
- Departments of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA; PhD Program in Biochemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Hoffman MC, Hunter SJ, D'Alessandro A, Christians U, Law AJ, Freedman R. Maternal Plasma Choline during Gestation and Small for Gestational Age Infants. Am J Perinatol 2024; 41:e939-e948. [PMID: 36584689 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1759775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Small for gestational age (SGA) infants are at increased risk for neonatal morbidity and developmental problems in childhood. No current interventions during human pregnancy address this problem. This study investigated the possible relationship between maternal choline concentration during pregnancy and SGA infants. STUDY DESIGN Maternal plasma choline concentrations were sampled at 16 and 28 weeks' gestation from women in a public prenatal clinic. Additional factors assessed were maternal age, body mass index, infection, C-reactive protein, hair cortisol, and compliance with prenatal vitamins and folate. Infants below the 10th percentile for gestational age were classified as SGA. Binary logistic regression was used to identify significant associated factors in pregnancies resulting in SGA infants compared with pregnancies resulting in non-SGA infants. RESULTS Thirteen (8%) of 159 women had SGA infants. Maternal plasma choline concentrations were low for pregnant participants whose infants were SGA, with the 28-week concentration significantly lower compared with other participants. Plasma choline concentrations ≥7 μM at 28 weeks, consistent with a minimally adequate dietary intake of choline-containing foods, were achieved by only 2 (15%) of mothers with SGA infants, compared with 51% of mothers whose infants were not SGA. Choline concentrations <7 μM at 28 weeks' gestation were associated with an odds ratio for SGA of 16.6 (95% confidence interval: 1.5-189.2, p = 0.023). Other significant factors were female sex and maternal C-reactive protein plasma concentration during gestation. CONCLUSION This observational study suggests that higher maternal choline levels may influence the risk for SGA. Maternal plasma choline concentrations are not routinely available in clinical laboratories. However, plasma choline levels can be increased by the mothers' intake of choline or phosphatidylcholine supplements. No nutritional intervention is currently recommended to prevent SGA, but the evidence from this study suggests that further consideration of the role of maternal choline may be warranted. KEY POINTS · More females are small for gestational age.. · Low maternal choline is related to small infants.. · Maternal choline ≥7 μM at 28 weeks appears optimal..
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Hoffman
- Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sharon J Hunter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Uwe Christians
- Department of Anesthesiology, iC42 Clinical Research and Development, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Amanda J Law
- Department of Psychiatry, Cell and Developmental Biology, and Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Robert Freedman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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Ren Y, Zeng Y, Wu Y, Zhang Q, Xiao X. Maternal methyl donor supplementation: A potential therapy for metabolic disorder in offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 124:109533. [PMID: 37977406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The prevalences of diabetes mellitus and obesity are increasing yearly and has become a serious social burden. In addition to genetic factors, environmental factors in early life development are critical in influencing the prevalence of metabolic disorders in offspring. A growing body of evidence suggests the critical role of early methyl donor intervention in offspring health. Emerging studies have shown that methyl donors can influence offspring metabolism through epigenetic modifications and changing metabolism-related genes. In this review, we focus on the role of folic acid, betaine, vitamin B12, methionine, and choline in protecting against metabolic disorders in offspring. To address the current evidence on the potential role of maternal methyl donors, we summarize clinical studies as well as experimental animal models that support the impact of maternal methyl donors on offspring metabolism and discuss the mechanisms of action that may bring about these positive effects. Given the worldwide prevalence of metabolic disorders, these findings could be utilized in clinical practice, in which methyl donor supplementation in the early life years may reverse metabolic disorders in offspring and block the harmful intergenerational effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaolin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
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Obeid R, Karlsson T. Choline - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2023; 67:10359. [PMID: 38187796 PMCID: PMC10770654 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v67.10359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Choline is an essential nutrient with metabolic roles as a methyl donor in one carbon metabolism and as a precursor for membrane phospholipids and the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Choline content is particularly high in liver, eggs, and wheat germ, although it is present in a variety of foods. The main dietary sources of choline in the Nordic and Baltic countries are meat, dairy, eggs, and grain. A diet that is devoid of choline causes liver and muscle dysfunction within 3 weeks. Choline requirements are higher during pregnancy and lactation than in non-pregnant women. Although no randomized controlled trials are available, observational studies in human, supported by coherence from interventional studies with neurodevelopmental outcomes and experimental studies in animals, strongly suggest that sufficient intake of choline during pregnancy is necessary for normal brain development and function in the child. Observational studies suggested that adequate intake of choline could have positive effects on cognitive function in older people. However, prospective data are lacking, and no intervention studies are available in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Obeid
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of the Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Therese Karlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Wu T, Lan QY, Tian F, Xiong XY, Yang MT, Huang SY, Chen XY, Kuchan MJ, Li X, Zhao YR, Mao YY, Zhu HL. Longitudinal changes in choline concentration and associated factors in human breast milk. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:1647-1656. [PMID: 37515842 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human breast milk is the primary source of choline and choline-containing compounds for infants at early stages of life. Choline data across lactation in Chinese human milk were limited. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to quantify the five choline compounds in Chinese human breast milk and explore associated factors. METHODS A total of 540 lactating mothers from the MUAI (Maternal Nutrition and Infant Investigation) study were included. The content of water-soluble choline (free choline, phosphocholine, glycerophosphocholine) and lipid-soluble choline (phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin) in 892 human milk samples collected from 0 to 400 days postpartum were examined, and associated factors were explored. RESULTS Choline concentrations in human milk varied from postpartum day 0-400 (92.06 ± 65.22 to 171.01 ± 47.84 mg/L). Water-soluble choline was the major component (88.6%-93.8%) in human milk and ranged from 793.03 (659.22) to 1544.43 (443.32) μmol/L. Its trajectory followed that of total choline, increasing from colostrum to transitional milk and then declining in mature milk. In contrast, lipid-soluble choline accounted for 6.2%-11.4% over lactation and had an opposite trajectory. Choline composition varied by delivery mode and parity history. CONCLUSION The concentrations of individual choline and choline-containing compounds during lactation in Chinese human breast milk were described for the first time. Our results address gaps in extant Chinese human milk choline data and support tailored dietary reference intakes for Chinese lactating women and infants. Our data describes the level and profile of choline from 0 to 400 days postpartum in Chinese human breast milk. This is the most updated data on choline and also the first report of water-soluble choline as the predominant type in Chinese human milk. Our results compensate for the deficiencies in data on choline in Chinese human milk. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trial Registry number: ChiCTR1800015387. Web link to study on registry: https://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Ye Lan
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Tian
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Center, Shanghai, Abbott Laboratories, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Xiong
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Center, Shanghai, Abbott Laboratories, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Meng-Tao Yang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Yu Huang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Chen
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Matthew J Kuchan
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Center, Columbus, Abbott Laboratories, Ohio, 43219, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Center, Shanghai, Abbott Laboratories, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yan-Rong Zhao
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Center, Shanghai, Abbott Laboratories, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ying-Yi Mao
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Center, Shanghai, Abbott Laboratories, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Hui-Lian Zhu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Zhan X, Fletcher L, Huyben D, Cai H, Dingle S, Qi N, Huber LA, Wang B, Li J. Choline supplementation regulates gut microbiome diversity, gut epithelial activity, and the cytokine gene expression in gilts. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1101519. [PMID: 36819695 PMCID: PMC9931747 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1101519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Choline is an essential nutrient that is necessary for both fetal development and maintenance of neural function, while its effect on female ovarian development is largely unexplored. Our previous study demonstrated that choline supplementation promotes ovarian follicular development and ovulation, although its underlying mechanism was unclear. To uncover the potential regulation pathway, eighteen female Yorkshire × Landrace gilts were fed with either standard commercial diet (Control group, n = 9) or choline supplemented diet (Choline group, additional 500 mg/kg of control diet, n = 9) from day 90 of age to day 186. At day 186, feces samples were analyzed for effects on the gut microbiome using 16S ribosomal RNA gene V3-V4 region sequencing with Illumina MiSeq, serum samples were analyzed for trimethylamine (TMA) and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) using HILIC method, and jejunum tissues were analyzed for immune related gene expression using qRT-PCR. Our results show that choline supplementation did not alter the circulating level of TMA and TMAO (P > 0.05), but rather increased gut microbiome alpha diversity (P < 0.05). Beta diversity analysis results showed that the choline diet mainly increased the abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, but decreased the abundance of Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, and Euryarchaeota at the phyla level. Meta-genomic analysis revealed that choline supplementation activated pathways in the gut microbiota associated with steroid hormone biosynthesis and degradation of infertility-causing environmental pollutants (bisphenol, xylene, and dioxins). To further verify the effect of choline on intestinal activity, a porcine intestine cell line (IPEC-J2) was treated with serial concentrations of choline chloride in vitro. Our data demonstrated that choline promoted the proliferation of IPEC-J2 while inhibiting the apoptotic activity. qRT-PCR results showed that choline significantly increased the expression level of Bcl2 in both IPEC-J2 cells and jejunum tissues. The expression of IL-22, a cytokine that has been shown to impact ovarian function, was increased by choline treatment in vitro. Our findings reveal the beneficial effect of choline supplementation on enhancing the gut microbiome composition and intestinal epithelial activity, and offer insights into how these changes may have contributed to the ovarian development-promoting effect we reported in our previous study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshu Zhan
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China,Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Lauren Fletcher
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - David Huyben
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Haiming Cai
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Serena Dingle
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Nanshan Qi
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada,Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lee-Anne Huber
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Bingyun Wang
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China,*Correspondence: Bingyun Wang,
| | - Julang Li
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada,Julang Li,
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