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Shen J, Li Y, Xu M, Wu F, Jiang Y, Liu X, Ao Y, Lin Q, Zhuang P, Jiao J, Zheng W, Zhang Y. Association of egg consumption with colorectal polyp prevalence: findings from the Lanxi Pre-Colorectal Cancer Cohort (LP3C) in China. Food Funct 2023; 14:2597-2606. [PMID: 36847183 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03061f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Eggs contain high-quality protein, lavish vitamins and other bioactive nutrients but are rich in cholesterol. Our study is designed to assess the association of egg intake with polyp prevalence. A total of 7068 participants at a high risk of CRC from the Lanxi Pre-Colorectal Cancer Cohort Study (LP3C) were recruited. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was utilized to obtain dietary data through a face-to-face interview. Cases of colorectal polyps were identified by electronic colonoscopy. The logistic regression model was exploited to achieve odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Overall 2064 cases of colorectal polyps were identified in the 2018-2019 survey of LP3C. A positive association of egg consumption with colorectal polyp prevalence was found after the multivariable adjustment [ORQ4 vs. Q1 (95% CI): 1.23 (1.05-1.44); Ptrend = 0.01]. However, a positive relationship disappeared after further adjustment for dietary cholesterol (Ptrend = 0.37), which explained that the harmful role of eggs could be ascribed to the high content of dietary cholesterol. Besides, a positive trend was found between dietary cholesterol and polyp prevalence [OR (95% CI): 1.21 (0.99-1.47); Ptrend = 0.04]. Furthermore, replacing 1 egg (50 g d-1) with an equal amount of total dairy products was related to 11% lower colorectal polyp prevalence [OR (95% CI): 0.89 (0.80-0.99); P = 0.03]. In summary, higher egg consumption was correlated with a higher polyp prevalence among the Chinese population at a high risk of CRC, which was ascribed to the high content of dietary cholesterol in eggs. Besides, individuals with the highest dietary cholesterol tended to have a higher polyp prevalence. Reducing the consumption of eggs and replacing eggs with total dairy products as alternative protein sources may prevent the occurrence of polyps in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shen
- Lanxi Red Cross Hospital, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meihui Xu
- Lanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinhua 321100, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanjie Jiang
- Lanxi Red Cross Hospital, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Ao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qianru Lin
- Lanxi Red Cross Hospital, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pan Zhuang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weifang Zheng
- Lanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinhua 321100, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Setchell KDR, Mourvaki E, Clerici C, Mattioli S, Brecchia G, Castellini C. Dietary Isoflavone Aglycons from Soy Germ Pasta Improves Reproductive Performance of Aging Hens and Lowers Cholesterol Levels of Egg Yolk. Metabolites 2022; 12:1112. [PMID: 36422252 PMCID: PMC9693069 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compared dietary isoflavone aglycones with the glycoside conjugates in a novel model of postmenopausal status, the aging domestic hen (Gallus gallus domesticus), to determine the effects on reproductive performance, cholesterol levels, and nutritional quality of eggs laid. Hens, 18 mo old, were randomized into four groups (n = 10/group) and fed for 28 d a conventional poultry corn/soymeal diet (Control), or diets supplemented with isoflavone glycosides from soy germ (diet A), isoflavone aglycons from a soy germ pasta (diet B), or conventional pasta lacking isoflavones (diet C). The egg-laying rate was recorded daily, plasma isoflavones and cholesterol were measured, and the nutritional composition of the eggs was determined. Egg-laying declined over a 4-week period in hens in the Control group and those fed isoflavone glycosides (diets A and C), whereas hens fed isoflavone aglycons (diet B) significantly increased their egg-laying efficiency. The total egg count and egg yield were significantly higher in hens fed isoflavone aglycons, and their plasma cholesterol concentrations were lower and the eggs laid had a 30% lower yolk cholesterol content. None of these effects were observed with diets containing similar levels of isoflavone glycosides. These studies recapitulate the clinical effects of soy germ pasta enriched with isoflavone aglycons and lend support to the greater efficacy of a diet rich in isoflavone aglycons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D. R. Setchell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy
| | - Evangelia Mourvaki
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06124 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlo Clerici
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy
| | - Simona Mattioli
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06124 Perugia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Brecchia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, Via dell’Università, 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Cesare Castellini
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06124 Perugia, Italy
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Duan Y, Gong K, Xu S, Zhang F, Meng X, Han J. Regulation of cholesterol homeostasis in health and diseases: from mechanisms to targeted therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:265. [PMID: 35918332 PMCID: PMC9344793 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbed cholesterol homeostasis plays critical roles in the development of multiple diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), neurodegenerative diseases and cancers, particularly the CVD in which the accumulation of lipids (mainly the cholesteryl esters) within macrophage/foam cells underneath the endothelial layer drives the formation of atherosclerotic lesions eventually. More and more studies have shown that lowering cholesterol level, especially low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, protects cardiovascular system and prevents cardiovascular events effectively. Maintaining cholesterol homeostasis is determined by cholesterol biosynthesis, uptake, efflux, transport, storage, utilization, and/or excretion. All the processes should be precisely controlled by the multiple regulatory pathways. Based on the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis, many interventions have been developed to lower cholesterol by inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake or enhancing cholesterol utilization and excretion. Herein, we summarize the historical review and research events, the current understandings of the molecular pathways playing key roles in regulating cholesterol homeostasis, and the cholesterol-lowering interventions in clinics or in preclinical studies as well as new cholesterol-lowering targets and their clinical advances. More importantly, we review and discuss the benefits of those interventions for the treatment of multiple diseases including atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, osteoporosis and virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Duan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Ke Gong
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xianshe Meng
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jihong Han
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China. .,College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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Cabrita M, Simões S, Álvarez‐Castillo E, Castelo‐Branco D, Tasso A, Figueira D, Guerrero A, Raymundo A. Development of innovative clean label emulsions stabilized by vegetable proteins. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cabrita
- LEAF – Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa Tapada da Ajuda 1349‐017 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Sara Simões
- LEAF – Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa Tapada da Ajuda 1349‐017 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Estefanía Álvarez‐Castillo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química Universidad de Sevilla, Escuela Politécnica Superior Calle Virgen de África, 7 41011 Sevilla Spain
| | | | - Ana Tasso
- Mendes Gonçalves SA, Zona Industrial lote 6, 2154‐909 Golegã Portugal
| | - Diogo Figueira
- Mendes Gonçalves SA, Zona Industrial lote 6, 2154‐909 Golegã Portugal
| | - Antonio Guerrero
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química Universidad de Sevilla, Escuela Politécnica Superior Calle Virgen de África, 7 41011 Sevilla Spain
| | - Anabela Raymundo
- LEAF – Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa Tapada da Ajuda 1349‐017 Lisboa Portugal
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Quintão ECR. Does eating eggs matter? ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2022; 66:152-156. [PMID: 35420270 PMCID: PMC9832897 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dietary cholesterol is absorbed in proportion to the amount ingested, blocking its hepatic synthesis, increasing its biliary excretion, only slightly increasing production of bile acids while potentially raising the serum concentration of the atherogenic low-density lipoprotein. Humans lie midway between rats and rabbits that respond to dietary cholesterol, respectively, with high and low capacity to produce bile acids, and low or high capacity to raise blood cholesterol. There are regular studies exonerating as well as blaming dietary cholesterol as a cardiovascular risk factor, particularly in genetic hypercholesterolemic individuals. We then resorted at reviewing all meta-analyses on the subject but failed to reach at a clear conclusion useful in medical practice. Nevertheless, ingestion of the same amount of cholesterol results in wide variation in the amounts absorbed and in plasma lipoprotein profiles depending on poorly understood genetic factors. Several genetic conditions are capable of interfering with the absorption and synthesis of cholesterol. Hyperabsorption of dietary cholesterol elicits the accumulation of cholesterol in the liver and in plasma. In this regard, most cases of familial hypercholesterolemia that have a case of intestinal hyperabsorption of cholesterol also demonstrate the same defect. A practical useful suggestion is to measure for a few weeks the total serum cholesterol and its fractions at least three times before and during the intake of eggs that the candidate wishes to maintain in his usual dietary practice as an efficient procedure to identify those who respond with undesirable increases in serum cholesterol.
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Hatton SL, Pandey MK. Fat and Protein Combat Triggers Immunological Weapons of Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems to Launch Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1089. [PMID: 35163013 PMCID: PMC8835271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative disease in the world, affecting up to 10 million people. This disease mainly happens due to the loss of dopaminergic neurons accountable for memory and motor function. Partial glucocerebrosidase enzyme deficiency and the resultant excess accumulation of glycosphingolipids and alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation have been linked to predominant risk factors that lead to neurodegeneration and memory and motor defects in PD, with known and unknown causes. An increasing body of evidence uncovers the role of several other lipids and their association with α-syn aggregation, which activates the innate and adaptive immune system and sparks brain inflammation in PD. Here, we review the emerging role of a number of lipids, i.e., triglyceride (TG), diglycerides (DG), glycerophosphoethanolamines (GPE), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), sphingolipids, gangliosides, glycerophospholipids (GPL), and cholesterols, and their connection with α-syn aggregation as well as the induction of innate and adaptive immune reactions that trigger neuroinflammation in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Loraine Hatton
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Manoj Kumar Pandey
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Effects of dietary supplementation with Ampelopsis grossedentata extract on production performance and body health of hens. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:45. [PMID: 35015154 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03044-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the potential of Ampelopsis grossedentata extract used as a feed additive, laying performance, egg quality, yolk cholesterol, plasma biochemical parameters, intestinal histology, and gut microbiota of hens (n = 60) were determined between basal diet (CK) and dietary supplementation with A. grossedentata extract (RT) for 11 weeks. The laying rate in RT group was 6.3 percentage points higher than in CK group together with feed conversion rate decreasing. Significant upregulation of immunoglobulin indexes and downregulation of lipid-related indexes in RT group were also found in comparison with CK group, suggesting that dietary supplementation with A. grossedentata extract benefited in immunity enhancing and blood-fat depressing. Meanwhile, the villus height in duodenum and villus height to crypt depth ratio in duodenum and jejunum of RT group were significantly higher than that of CK group, indicating that dietary supplementation with A. grossedentata extract facilitated nutrient adsorption via intestinal histology changing. Moreover, the richness, diversity, and composition of gut microbiota in RT group significantly altered with a comparison of CK group, including beneficial bacterium and pathogenic bacterium, revealing that dietary supplementation with A. grossedentata extract could modify gut microbiota communities to affect intestinal adsorption and pathogen invasion. In addition, the lipid metabolism-related insulin signing pathway was significantly enriched by gut microbiota in RT group, which were conducive to egg production elevation via facilitating blood lipid amelioration and insulin resistance alleviation. These results provided a basis for A. grossedentata extract served as a feed additive in the hen industry.
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Li T, Zhang S, Zhang J, Song Y, Bao X, Xu F, Zhang J. Analysis of Serum Biochemical Indexes, Egg Quality, and Liver Transcriptome in Laying Hens Fed Diets Supplemented with Gynostemma pentaphyllum Powder. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121942. [PMID: 34946891 PMCID: PMC8701024 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gynostemma pentaphyllum (GP), known as “southern ginseng”, can reduce the blood pressure and blood lipid levels. In this study, 300 layer chicks of one day old were divided randomly into three groups (control group (base diet), high addition group (base diet with 1% GP), and low addition group (base diet with 0.5% GP)). After 29 weeks, the growth performance, egg quality, and serum index were determined. Additionally, liver mRNA was identified using RNA-seq to investigate the molecular mechanisms. The results indicated that the serum total cholesterol and triglycerides decreased significantly in the GP addition group. The addition of GP increased the egg weight, Haugh unit and redness (a*) of the egg yolk color, and reduced the yolk cholesterol concentration. Moreover, 95 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened between the control and GP addition group. GO and the KEGG analysis showed that the PPAR pathway was significantly enriched. Five fatty acid metabolism-related genes (FABP3, CYP7A1, ANKRD22, SCD1, and PCK1) were validated by qRT-PCR analysis, which confirmed the tendency of the expression. These DEGs in the PPAR pathway may be the key factors of GP affecting fatty acid metabolism. These results may provide a theoretical basis for further research and new insights into GP as a feed additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (T.L.); (S.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (X.B.)
| | - Shuya Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (T.L.); (S.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (X.B.)
| | - Jiqiao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (T.L.); (S.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (X.B.)
| | - Yiping Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (T.L.); (S.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (X.B.)
| | - Xiuyu Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (T.L.); (S.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (X.B.)
| | - Fengwen Xu
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Center of Ankang City, Ankang 725000, China;
| | - Jianqin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (T.L.); (S.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (X.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Relationship between Dietary Habits and Control of Lipid Profiles in Patients with Dyslipidemia Using Pravastatin. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113784. [PMID: 34836040 PMCID: PMC8620026 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the association between dietary habits, evaluated using the modified Mini Dietary Assessment Index for Koreans (MDA), and lipid control among patients aged ≥20 years who had used pravastatin for dyslipidemia for 6 months. Participants were administered questionnaires regarding sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle factors. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the control of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) at 6 months for each category of the modified MDA items were calculated through multivariate logistic regression analysis. The odds for controlled LDL-C was higher among those who consumed cholesterol-rich foods <1 time/week (3.27, 1.25–8.57) than for those who did so ≥4 times/week. The odds for controlled TG was higher among those who always consumed dairy products (2.96, 1.36–6.44), ate protein-rich foods three times/day (2.94, 1.06–8.10), and had a regular eating schedule (3.02, 1.30–7.00) than among those who did not have any of these. The odds for controlled TC was higher among those with a regular eating schedule (3.47, 1.55–7.76) than among their counterparts. Patients with dyslipidemia should consume less cholesterols, consume more dairy and protein-rich foods, and follow a regular eating schedule to control lipid profiles.
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