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Qi H, Xia D, Xu X. Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and renal cancer risk: findings from prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer trial. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1073373. [PMID: 37346909 PMCID: PMC10279873 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1073373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary glycemic index (GI) or glycemic load (GL) has been associated with the development of many cancers, but the evidence for renal cancer is still limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between GI or GL and renal cancer risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer (PLCO) Screening Trial. Methods The cohort for our analysis consisted of 101,190 participants. GI and GL were calculated from the FFQ data using previously published reference values. Multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox regression model after adjusting for most known renal cancer risk factors. Results During a median of 12.2 years of follow-up, 443 incident renal cancer cases occurred. Higher dietary GI was significantly associated with a higher risk of renal cancer (HRQ3vsQ1: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.09-1.74; p for trend = 0.008). There was no significant association between dietary GL and renal cancer risk (HRQ3vsQ1 = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.79-1.59, p for trend = 0.591). Spline regression plot revealed a higher risk of renal cancer with a higher GI but not GL. There was no statistical evidence for nonlinearity (p for nonlinearity >0.05). Conclusion In summary, findings of this large-scale prospective cohort study suggested that dietary GI may be associated with the risk of renal cancer. If confirmed in other populations and settings, dietary GI could be considered as a modifiable risk factor for renal cancer prevention.
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Mongiovi JM, Freudenheim JL, Moysich KB, McCann SE. Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Risk of Ovarian Cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cohort. J Nutr 2021; 151:1597-1608. [PMID: 33693724 PMCID: PMC8169811 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer death among women in the US, yet few modifiable risk factors have been established. Diets high in glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) have been linked to several cancers, but epidemiologic studies of ovarian cancer have yielded inconsistent results. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to examine associations between GI or GL and ovarian cancer. METHODS We used prospective data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian cohort. GI and GL were calculated from validated FFQs. Participants were women who were aged 60 to 74 y, did not have a history of cancer, and had both ovaries. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate HRs and 95% CIs for risk of ovarian cancer associated with quartiles of GI and GL. Analyses were performed separately for those who completed the dietary questionnaire at baseline (DQX) or later in the study (DHQ). RESULTS From the DQX sample set, 181 cases were identified among 24,633 women with median follow-up of 12.1 y; there were 211 cases among 42,410 women in the DHQ set, with median follow-up of 8.9 y. After adjusting for age at dietary questionnaire completion, year of randomization, year of questionnaire, study center, and oral contraceptive use, the risk of ovarian cancer decreased by 43% (HR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.88) among those in the highest compared with those in the lowest quartile of GL (DQX). Those in the highest compared with those in the lowest quartile of GI (DHQ), had a 38% lower risk (HR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.42, 1.00). CONCLUSIONS We observed lower risk of ovarian cancer associated with higher GI and GL. Results should be interpreted with caution as they may have been influenced by limitations including lack of variability in dietary intake. Additional studies are needed to better understand what is driving these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Mongiovi
- University at Buffalo, School of Public Health and Health Professions, Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jo L Freudenheim
- University at Buffalo, School of Public Health and Health Professions, Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Susan E McCann
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Buffalo, New York, USA
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3
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Toorang F, Sasanfar B, Hekmatdoost A, Narmcheshm S, Hadji M, Ebrahimpour-Koujan S, Amini N, Zendehdel K. Macronutrients Intake and Stomach Cancer Risk in Iran: A Hospital-based Case-Control Study. J Res Health Sci 2021; 21:e00507. [PMID: 34024765 PMCID: PMC8957691 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2021.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Stomach cancer (SC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. Dietary risk factors of SC are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the association between macronutrient intakes and the risk of SC.
Study design: A hospital-based case-control study.
Methods: The data were obtained from a hospital-based case-control study conducted at the Cancer Institute of Iran from 2010 to 2012. Patients were 40 years or older and were diagnosed with SC in less than one year with no history of any cancers. On the other hand, the controls were healthy subjects who were caregivers or visitors of the patients. Demographic characteristics were collected using a structured questionnaire through face to face interviews by trained interviewers. Dietary data were obtained using a validated Diet History Questionnaire. The age and gender-adjusted odds ratios (ORs), as well as the adjusted ORs of age, gender, energy, education, smoking, and body mass index, were reported for continuous and tertiles of intakes.
Results: Totally, 207 SC patients and 217 controls participated in this study. In the full adjusted model, after comparing the highest tertiles to the lowest ones, the intake of sucrose (OR: 2.94; 95% CI: 1.66-5.19; P-trend<0.001), protein (OR: 2.04; 95% CI: 1.17-3.55; P-trend=0.011), cholesterol (OR: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.28-3.85; P-trend=0.005), and percent of calories from protein (OR: 3.09; 95% CI: 1.69-5.61; P-trend<1.001) showed a positive significant association with SC. Moreover, a significantly negative association was found between the percent of calories obtained from carbohydrates and SC (OR: 0. 57; 95% CI: 0.33-0.98; P-trend=0.015).
Conclusion: The findings in this study showed that macronutrient intakes might be associated with the etiology of SC in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Toorang
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Sasanfar
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.,Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Narmcheshm
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hadji
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.,Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Soraiya Ebrahimpour-Koujan
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Amini
- Department of Surgery, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, USA.,Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, USA
| | - Kazem Zendehdel
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Zhu H, Mo Q, Shen H, Wang S, Liu B, Xu X. Carbohydrates, Glycemic Index, and Glycemic Load in Relation to Bladder Cancer Risk. Front Oncol 2020; 10:530382. [PMID: 33072566 PMCID: PMC7538710 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.530382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Epidemiologic studies investigating the association between dietary carbohydrates as well as glycemic index and glycemic load (markers of carbohydrate quality) and bladder cancer risk have yielded inconsistent results. The aim of the present meta-analysis is to summarize the evidence on this association. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search of articles published by December 2019 was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Twelve observational studies were included in the final analysis. There was no evidence of an association between consumption of carbohydrates and bladder cancer risk (pooled OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.92-1.17). No statistically significant association between glycemic load and bladder cancer was likewise found (pooled OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.85-1.42). However, there was a significant positive association between glycemic index and bladder cancer risk (pooled OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.11-1.41). In the dose-response analysis, the pooled OR (95% CI) per 10 units of glycemic index per day was 1.02 (95% CI, 1.01-1.04). Conclusion: In this meta-analysis, glycemic index showed a positive linear association with bladder cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejia Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiwang Mo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Shenzhou People's Hospital, Shenzhou, China
| | - Haixiang Shen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ben Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load and risk of bladder cancer: a prospective study. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1041-1048. [PMID: 32577885 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have provided limited evidence for an adverse effect of high glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) on bladder cancer risk. This study aimed to examine the association between GI, GL and bladder cancer risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer (PLCO) Screening Trial. METHODS GI and GL scores were computed among 101,721 participants in the PLCO study. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox regression model adjusting for confounders. RESULTS After a median of 12.5 years of follow-up, 776 incident bladder cancer cases occurred. There was no significant association between bladder cancer risk and GI (HRQ5vsQ1 = 1.18, 95% CI 0.94-1.48, p for trend = 0.177) or GL (HRQ5vsQ1 = 0.92, 95% CI 0.65-1.30, p for trend = 0.826). The associations did not differ by continuous analyses. Spline regression plots revealed a lower risk of bladder cancer with higher GI or GL, but the difference was not statistically significant. There was no statistical evidence for nonlinearity (P for nonlinearity > 0.05). CONCLUSION In summary, analysis of the PLCO cohort did not provide evidence that higher GI or GL diets were associated with greater bladder cancer risk.
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Grindel A, Brath H, Nersesyan A, Knasmueller S, Wagner KH. Association of Genomic Instability with HbA1c levels and Medication in Diabetic Patients. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41985. [PMID: 28150817 PMCID: PMC5288806 DOI: 10.1038/srep41985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (DM2) is associated with increased cancer risk. Instability of the genetic material plays a key role in the aetiology of human cancer. This study aimed to analyse genomic instability with the micronucleus cytome assay in exfoliated buccal cells depending on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and medication in 146 female DM2 patients. The occurrence of micronuclei was significantly increased in DM2 patients compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, it was doubled in DM2 patients with HbA1c > 7.5% compared to subjects with HbA1c ≤ 7.5%. Positive correlations were found between micronuclei frequencies and HbA1c as well as fasting plasma glucose. Patients under insulin treatment showed a two-fold increase in micronuclei frequencies compared to subjects under first-line medication (no drugs or monotherapy with non-insulin medication). However, after separation of HbA1c (cut-off 7.5%) only patients with severe DM2 characterised by high HbA1c and insulin treatment showed higher micronuclei frequencies but not patients with insulin treatment and low HbA1c. We demonstrated that the severity of DM2 accompanied by elevated micronuclei frequencies predict a possible enhanced cancer risk among female DM2 patients. Therapy, therefore, should focus on a strict HbA1c control and personalised medical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Grindel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Emerging Field Oxidative Stress and DNA Stability, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Brath
- Diabetes Outpatient Clinic, Health Centre South, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Institute for Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Emerging Field Oxidative Stress and DNA Stability, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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7
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Yin XH, Wang YD, Luo H, Zhao K, Huang GL, Luo SY, Peng JX, Song JK. Association between Tooth Loss and Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149653. [PMID: 26934048 PMCID: PMC4774992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Observational studies showed that tooth loss is associated with gastric cancer, but the findings are inconsistent. In this study, a meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between tooth loss and gastric cancer. Relevant studies were screened in PubMed and Embase databases, and nine observational studies were considered eligible for the analysis. The combined relative risks for the highest versus the lowest categories of tooth loss were 1.86 (95% CI: 1.08–3.21) and 1.31 (95% CI: 1.12–1.53) in case control and cohort studies, respectively. However, unstable results were observed in the stratified and sensitivity analysis. The current evidence, based solely on four case-control studies and five cohort studies, suggested that tooth loss is a potential marker of gastric cancer. However, we can not concluded at this time that tooth loss may be a risk factor for gastric cancer due to significant heterogeneity among studies and mixed results between case-control studies and cohort studies. Additional large-scale and high-quality prospective studies are required to evaluate the association between tooth loss and risk of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hai Yin
- Department of Oral and Maxillary Surgery, Gui Zhou Provincial People's hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Ya-Dong Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillary Surgery, Gui Zhou Provincial People's hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Oral and Maxillary Surgery, Gui Zhou Provincial People's hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Oral and Maxillary Surgery, Gui Zhou Provincial People's hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Guang-Lei Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillary Surgery, Gui Zhou Provincial People's hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Si-Yang Luo
- Department of Oral and Maxillary Surgery, Gui Zhou Provincial People's hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Ju-Xiang Peng
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatology hospital of Gui yang, Guiyang, China
- * E-mail: (JXP); (JKS)
| | - Ju-Kun Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillary Surgery, Gui Zhou Provincial People's hospital, Guiyang, China
- * E-mail: (JXP); (JKS)
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8
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Ye Y, Wu Y, Xu J, Ding K, Shan X, Xia D. Association between dietary carbohydrate intake, glycemic index and glycemic load, and risk of gastric cancer. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:1169-1177. [PMID: 26873099 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The association between dietary carbohydrate intake, glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL), and risk of gastric cancer (GC) has been investigated by many studies. However, the results of these studies were controversial. The aim of our study was to systematically assess this issue. METHODS PUBMED and EMBASE were searched up to March 2015, and either a fixed- or a random-effects model was adopted to estimate overall relative risks (RRs). Dose-response, meta-regression, subgroup, and publication bias analyses were applied. RESULTS Twenty-six studies with approximately 540,000 participants were finally included in this meta-analysis. High level of dietary carbohydrate intake (pooled RR 1.17, 95 % CI 0.91-1.50), GI (pooled RR 1.17, 95 % CI 0.80-1.69), and GL (pooled RR 1.06, 95 % CI 0.90-1.26) were all nonsignificantly associated with incidence of GC. In addition, no significant dose-response relationship was observed between carbohydrate intake, GI and GL, and the risk of GC. However, further subgroup analyses based on gender and geographic region suggested a significant association between higher carbohydrate intake (pooled RR 1.52, 95 % CI 1.10-2.08), GL (pooled RR 1.41, 95 % CI 1.04-1.92), and GC risk in males subgroup, and between higher carbohydrate intake (pooled RR 1.69, 95 % CI 1.36-2.09) and GC risk in Asian studies. CONCLUSIONS No significant association was found between dietary carbohydrate intake, GI and GL, and risk of GC. However, significantly positive association was observed in the males subgroup and Asian studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Ye
- Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yihua Wu
- Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China. .,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jinming Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kefeng Ding
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Shan
- Jinhua Central Hospital, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dajing Xia
- Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China. .,Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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9
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Niclis C, Román MD, Osella AR, Eynard AR, Díaz MDP. Traditional Dietary Pattern Increases Risk of Prostate Cancer in Argentina: Results of a Multilevel Modeling and Bias Analysis from a Case-Control Study. J Cancer Epidemiol 2015; 2015:179562. [PMID: 26649040 PMCID: PMC4663343 DOI: 10.1155/2015/179562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that dietary habits play a role in prostate cancer (PC) occurrence. Argentinean cancer risk studies require additional attention because of the singular dietary pattern of this population. A case-control study (147 PC cases, 300 controls) was conducted in Córdoba (Argentina) throughout 2008-2013. A principal component factor analysis was performed to identify dietary patterns. A mixed logistic regression model was applied, taking into account family history of cancer. Possible bias was evaluated by probabilistic bias analysis. Four dietary patterns were identified: Traditional (fatty red meats, offal, processed meat, starchy vegetables, added sugars and sweets, candies, fats, and vegetable oils), Prudent (nonstarchy vegetables, whole grains), Carbohydrate (sodas/juices and bakery products), and Cheese (cheeses). High adherence to the Traditional (OR 2.82, 95%CI: 1.569-5.099) and Carbohydrate Patterns (OR 2.14, 95%CI: 1.470-3.128) showed a promoting effect for PC, whereas the Prudent and Cheese Patterns were independent factors. PC occurrence was also associated with family history of PC. Bias adjusted ORs indicate that the validity of the present study is acceptable. High adherence to characteristic Argentinean dietary patterns was associated with increased PC risk. Our results incorporate original contributions to knowledge about scenarios in South American dietary patterns and PC occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Niclis
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre Esquina Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enrique Barros s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María D. Román
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre Esquina Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enrique Barros s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alberto R. Osella
- Laboratorio di Epidemiologia e Biostatistica, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico “Saverio de Bellis”, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Aldo R. Eynard
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre Esquina Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
- Cátedra de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre Esquina Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María del Pilar Díaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre Esquina Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enrique Barros s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
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10
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Lahmann PH, Ibiebele TI, Webb PM, Nagle CM, Whiteman DC. A case-control study of glycemic index, glycemic load and dietary fiber intake and risk of adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus: the Australian Cancer Study. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:877. [PMID: 25421419 PMCID: PMC4255966 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) have been investigated as etiologic factors for some cancers, but epidemiological data on possible associations between dietary carbohydrate intake and esophageal cancer are scant. This study examined the association between GI, GL, and other dietary carbohydrate components and risk of adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus accounting for established risk factors. Methods We analyzed data from a population-based Australian case-control study (2002-05) comprising 299 adenocarcinoma (EAC), 337 gastro-esophageal junction adenocarcinoma (EGJAC), 245 squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and 1507 controls sampled from a population registry. Dietary information was obtained using a 135-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ); GI and GL were derived from an Australian GI database. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to derive odds ratios (ORs). Results All three case groups tended to have a lower intake of fiber, and significantly higher intake of fat, total energy, and alcohol (ESCC only) compared to controls. GI was unrelated to all histological types. Higher GL was not associated with risk of EAC and EGJAC, but was inversely associated with risk of ESCC (adjusted model, ptrend = 0.006), specifically among men where we observed a 58% reduced risk of ESCC in the highest versus the lowest quartile. Increased intake of total carbohydrates and starch was related to similarly large risk reductions of ESCC. Fiber intake was strongly and inversely associated with risk of EAC, EGJAC and ESCC (all ptrend ≤0.001), indicating risk reductions of 28%-37% per 10 g/day. Conclusions This study suggests a reduced risk of esophageal SCC with higher GL level particularly in men, but provides no evidence for the role of GI in the development of esophageal cancer. In addition, increased fiber intake appears to be associated with lower risk of all histological types of esophageal cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-877) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra H Lahmann
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
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11
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Tian JY, Tao RY, Zhang XL, Liu Q, He YB, Su YL, Ji TF, Ye F. Effect of Hypericum perforatum L. extract on insulin resistance and lipid metabolic disorder in high-fat-diet induced obese mice. Phytother Res 2014; 29:86-92. [PMID: 25266458 PMCID: PMC4303982 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Natural product Hypericum perforatum L. has been used in folk medicine to improve mental performance. However, the effect of H. perforatum L. on metabolism is still unknown. In order to test whether H. perforatum L. extract (EHP) has an effect on metabolic syndrome, we treated diet induced obese (DIO) C57BL/6J mice with the extract. The chemical characters of EHP were investigated with thin-layer chromatography, ultraviolet, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and HPLC-mass spectrometry fingerprint analysis. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT), and the glucose infusion rate (GIR) in hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp test were performed to evaluate the glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Skeletal muscle was examined for lipid metabolism. The results suggest that EHP can significantly improve the glucose and lipid metabolism in DIO mice. In vitro, EHP inhibited the catalytic activity of recombinant human protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and reduced the protein and mRNA levels of PTP1B in the skeletal muscle. Moreover, expressions of genes related to fatty acid uptake and oxidation were changed by EHP in the skeletal muscle. These results suggest that EHP may improve insulin resistance and lipid metabolism in DIO mice. © 2014 The Authors. Phytotherapy Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-ying Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China
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Coleman HG, Kitahara CM, Murray LJ, Dodd KW, Black A, Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, Cantwell MM. Dietary carbohydrate intake, glycemic index, and glycemic load and endometrial cancer risk: a prospective cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 2014; 179:75-84. [PMID: 24091889 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwt222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer risk has been directly associated with glycemic load. However, few studies have investigated this link, and the etiological role of specific dietary carbohydrate components remains unclear. Our aim was to investigate associations of carbohydrate intake, glycemic index, and glycemic load with endometrial cancer risk in the US Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Recruitment took place in 1993-2001. Over a median of 9.0 years of follow-up through 2009, 386 women developed endometrial cancer among 36,115 considered in the analysis. Dietary intakes were assessed using a 124-item diet history questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Significant inverse associations were detected between endometrial cancer risk and total available carbohydrate intake (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49, 0.90), total sugars intake (HR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.96), and glycemic load (HR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.84) when women in the highest quartile of intake were compared with those in the lowest. These inverse associations were strongest among overweight and obese women. No associations with endometrial cancer risk were observed for glycemic index or dietary fiber. Our findings contrast with previous evidence and suggest that high carbohydrate intakes and glycemic loads are protective against endometrial cancer development. Further clarification of these associations is warranted.
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Grosso G, Buscemi S, Galvano F, Mistretta A, Marventano S, La Vela V, Drago F, Gangi S, Basile F, Biondi A. Mediterranean diet and cancer: epidemiological evidence and mechanism of selected aspects. BMC Surg 2013; 13 Suppl 2:S14. [PMID: 24267672 PMCID: PMC3850991 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2482-13-s2-s14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Populations living in the area of the Mediterranean Sea suffered by decreased incidence of cancer compared with those living in the regions of northern Europe and US countries, attributed to healthier dietary habits. Nowadays, we are assisting to a moving away from the traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern, but whether this changing is influencing risk of cancers is still unclear. The aim of the study was to review recent evidence on potential relationship between the adherence to the Mediterranean diet and cancer. Discussion The most recent pooled analyses of epidemiological studies supported strongly the hypothesis that the Mediterranean diet may play a role in preventing several types of cancers, especially those of digestive tract, whereas contrasting results were reported for hormone-dependent cancers. Specific aspects of the Mediterranean diet such as high fruit and vegetables and low red processed meat intake may explain such protective effects. Moreover, evidence regarding olive oil and whole grains increase the beneficial effects of such dietary pattern against cancer. Conclusions Literature evidence actually demonstrates that the increased adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern is beneficial to health across populations and may translate a protective effect with certain cancers.
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Shikany JM, Flood AP, Kitahara CM, Hsing AW, Meyer TE, Willcox BJ, Redden DT, Ziegler RG. Dietary carbohydrate, glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of prostate cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO) cohort. Cancer Causes Control 2011; 22:995-1002. [PMID: 21553078 PMCID: PMC4470253 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-011-9772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the associations between dietary carbohydrate, glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and incident prostate cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO) cohort. METHODS Between September 1993 and September 2000, 38,343 men were randomized to the screening arm of the trial at one of 10 PLCO centers. A food frequency questionnaire administered at baseline assessed usual dietary intake over the preceding 12 months. Prostate cancer was ascertained by medical follow-up of suspicious screening results and annual mailed questionnaires and confirmed with medical records. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model the associations of carbohydrate, GI, and GL with prostate cancer risk. RESULTS During follow-up (median = 9.2 years), 2,436 incident prostate cancers were identified among 30,482 eligible participants. Overall, there were no associations of baseline carbohydrate, GI, or GL with incident prostate cancer in minimally or fully adjusted models. There were no associations when the 228 advanced and 2,208 non-advanced cancers were analyzed separately. CONCLUSIONS Dietary carbohydrate, GI, and GL were not associated with incident prostate cancer in PLCO. The narrow range of GI in this cohort may have limited our ability to detect associations, an issue that future studies should address.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Shikany
- Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1530 3rd Ave. S., MT 610, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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George SM, Mayne ST, Leitzmann MF, Park Y, Schatzkin A, Flood A, Hollenbeck A, Subar AF. Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of cancer: a prospective cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 2009; 169:462-72. [PMID: 19095757 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwn347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have provided limited evidence for a harmful effect of high glycemic index and dietary glycemic load on cancer. The authors analyzed associations among glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of cancer in women and men in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. Published glycemic index values were assigned to 225 foods/food groups. Glycemic load was calculated by multiplying the glycemic index, carbohydrate content, and intake frequency of individual foods reported on a food frequency questionnaire. From 1995 through 2003, the authors identified 15,215 and 33,203 cancer cases in women and men, respectively. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate multivariate relative risks and 95% confidence intervals. For women and men, respectively, the relative risks for total cancer for high versus low glycemic index were 1.03 (P(trend)=0.217) and 1.04 (P(trend)=0.012) and, for glycemic load, were 0.90 (P(trend)=0.024) and 0.93 (P(trend)=0.01). Associations with total cancer held only among the overweight for glycemic index and among those of healthy weight for glycemic load. These findings suggest that glycemic index and glycemic load are not strong predictors of cancer incidence. The direction and small magnitude of associations might be explained by the manner in which high glycemic index and glycemic load track with overall diet and lifestyle patterns.
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Dietary glycaemic index, glycaemic load and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2008; 99:1170-5. [PMID: 18728653 PMCID: PMC2567079 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to examine if an association exists between dietary glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) intake and breast cancer risk. A systematic search was conducted in Medline and Embase and identified 14 relevant studies up to May 2008. Adjusted relative risk estimates comparing breast cancer risk for the highest versus the lowest category of GI/GL intake were extracted from relevant studies and combined in meta-analyses using a random-effects model. Combined estimates from six cohort studies show non-significant increased breast cancer risks for premenopausal women (relative risk (RR) 1.14, 95% CI 0.95–1.38) and postmenopausal women (RR 1.11, 95% CI 0.99–1.25) consuming the highest versus the lowest category of GI intake. Evidence of heterogeneity hindered analyses of GL and premenopausal risk, although most studies did not observe any significant association. Pooled cohort study results indicated no association between postmenopausal risk and GL intake (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.94–1.12). Our findings do not provide strong support of an association between dietary GI and GL and breast cancer risk.
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Chiu CJ, Milton RC, Gensler G, Taylor A. Association between dietary glycemic index and age-related macular degeneration in nondiabetic participants in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 86:180-8. [PMID: 17616779 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/86.1.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the major cause of irreversible blindness. AMD appears to share several carbohydrate-related mechanisms and risk factors with diabetes-related diseases, including retinopathy and cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, to date, only one small study has addressed this issue. OBJECTIVE The objective was to test the hypothesis that dietary glycemic index (dGI), which has been related to the risk of diabetes and CVD, is associated with the risk and severity of AMD in nondiabetic elderly populations. DESIGN Dietary information was obtained from 4099 participants aged 55-80 y (56% women) in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS). A total of 8125 eligible eyes at baseline were classified into 1 of 5 AMD groups according to the size and extent of drusen, the presence of geographic atrophy, and neovascular changes. We used a generalized estimating approach to evaluate the relations between dGI and risk and severity of AMD with eyes as the unit of analysis. RESULTS Compared with eyes in the first quintile of dGI, eyes in the fourth and fifth quintiles had a significantly or suggestively higher risk of large drusen, geographic atrophy, and neovascularization. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) for the highest quintile were 1.42 (1.09, 1.84), 1.78 (0.81, 3.90), and 1.41 (0.95, 2.08), respectively, of which only the odds ratio for large drusen was significant. A significant positive relation between dGI and severity of AMD was also noted (P for trend < 0.001). There was a 49% increase in the risk of advanced AMD (geographic atrophy plus neovascularization) for persons with a dGI higher than the sex median (women: >or=77.9; men: >or=79.3). This result indicated that 20% of prevalent cases of AMD would have been eliminated if the AREDS participants consumed diets with a dGI below the median. CONCLUSION The association between dGI and AMD from the AREDS cross-sectional analysis at baseline suggests that a reduction in the dGI, a modifiable risk factor, may provide a means of diminishing the risk of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Jung Chiu
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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