1
|
Guo CC, Lee S, Lee JG, Chen H, Zaleski M, Choi W, McConkey DJ, Wei P, Czerniak B. Molecular profile of bladder cancer progression to clinically aggressive subtypes. Nat Rev Urol 2024; 21:391-405. [PMID: 38321289 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00847-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a histologically and clinically heterogenous disease. Most bladder cancers are urothelial carcinomas, which frequently develop distinct histological subtypes. Several urothelial carcinoma histological subtypes, such as micropapillary, plasmacytoid, small-cell carcinoma and sarcomatoid, show highly aggressive behaviour and pose unique challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Comprehensive genomic characterizations of the urothelial carcinoma subtypes have revealed that they probably arise from a precursor subset of conventional urothelial carcinomas that belong to different molecular subtypes - micropapillary and plasmacytoid subtypes develop along the luminal pathway, whereas small-cell and sarcomatoid subtypes evolve along the basal pathway. The subtypes exhibit distinct genomic alterations, but in most cases their biological properties seem to be primarily determined by specific gene expression profiles, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, urothelial-to-neural lineage plasticity, and immune infiltration with distinct upregulation of immune regulatory genes. These breakthrough studies have transformed our view of bladder cancer histological subtype biology, generated new hypotheses for therapy and chemoresistance, and facilitated the discovery of new therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles C Guo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sangkyou Lee
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - June G Lee
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huiqin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Zaleski
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Woonyoung Choi
- Johns Hopkins Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David J McConkey
- Johns Hopkins Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peng Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bogdan Czerniak
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zheng L, Chen H, Zhao J, Roy-Chowdhuri S, Kamat AM, Alhalabi O, Gao J, Siefker-Radtke A, Hansel DE, Czerniak B, Guo CC. Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder-A clinicopathological and molecular analysis of 52 cases. Hum Pathol 2024; 148:1-6. [PMID: 38679207 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a rare histologic subtype of bladder cancer that is associated with an aggressive clinical behavior. We analyzed the clinicopathologic and molecular features of plasmacytoid UC in 52 patients from a single institute. The patients included 44 men and 8 women, with a mean age of 64 years (range, 41-91 years). All bladder cancers were high-grade UC, and plasmacytoid component accounted for a mean of 47% of bladder tumors (range, 5-100%). Distinct gene mutations were found in most plasmacytoid UCs (n = 49); the most common mutations were TP53 (n = 30), followed by TERT (n = 20), and CDH1 (n = 18). Copy number analysis was performed in 34 patients, and 13 of them showed copy number variations. Expression of HER2 was analyzed in 18 patients by immunohistochemistry, and 3 of them showed HER2 overexpression, which was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. Thirty-two patients died of disease in a median of 15 months (range, 1-45 months). No individual gene mutations were significantly associated with clinical outcome, but mutations in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, including PICK3CA and PIK3R1 mutations, were associated with a significantly shorter survival duration (p < 0.05). Plasmacytoid UC is an aggressive histologic subtype that demonstrates frequent somatic gene mutations and CNVs, which may underlie its oncogenesis and progression. Gene mutations of the mTOR pathway are associated with poor outcome in a subset of patients with plasmacytoid UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zheng
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hui Chen
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianping Zhao
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sinchita Roy-Chowdhuri
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ashish M Kamat
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Omar Alhalabi
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianjun Gao
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Arlene Siefker-Radtke
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Donna E Hansel
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bogdan Czerniak
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Charles C Guo
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chenniappan A, Stephen NS, Srinivas BH, Sreenivasan SK, Govindarajalou R. Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma with duodenal metastasis-A rare tumor with unusual site of metastasis with grim outcome. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2024; 67:175-177. [PMID: 38358215 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_840_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (PUC) is a newly recognized rare variant of urothelial carcinoma, which is now being increasingly diagnosed prospectively as well as by retrospective analysis of cases with a poor prognosis. Morphologically, these tumors simulate plasma cell neoplasms and pose a diagnostic challenge. Identifying this variant is essential in two aspects: therapy and prognosis. Here, we present a case who underwent multiple transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) procedures, each with a diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma, the plasmacytoid type which was confirmed on radical cystectomy, and after 1 year, the patient presented with duodenal metastasis. We discuss the morphological aspects of differentiating this tumor from variants of urothelial carcinoma and other tumors with a plasmacytoid appearance. Despite the recognition and aggressive treatment, the patient expires within 2 years of the first diagnosis of bladder carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Chenniappan
- Department of Pathology (Histopathology Section), Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Norton S Stephen
- Department of Pathology (Histopathology Section), Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Bheemanathi H Srinivas
- Department of Pathology (Histopathology Section), Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Sreerag K Sreenivasan
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Ramkumar Govindarajalou
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Weiss K, Gessner KH, Demzik A, Moreton E, Kim WY, Wobker SE, Rose TL, Milowsky MI, Bjurlin MA. Molecular characterization of plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma and the impact on treatment implications. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2023; 37:100779. [PMID: 37988935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2023.100779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer researchers and clinicians have increasingly viewed tumor biology through the lens of genomic and molecular alterations, drastically improving our knowledge of the underlying disease biology. This understanding has led to significant advances in treatment options that allow implementation of a personalized approach to cancer treatment. Large-scale genomic studies initially focused on the most common forms of bladder cancer. However, as genomic and molecular technologies become more widespread and are applied to less common variant histologies, we are gaining additional insight into the unique molecular and genomic characteristics driving the biology of variant histologies of bladder cancer. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge of molecular alterations underlying the distinct tumor biology of plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma and how these alterations may impact treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Weiss
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn H Gessner
- University of North Carolina Department of Urology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alysen Demzik
- University of North Carolina Department of Urology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - William Y Kim
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sara E Wobker
- University of North Carolina Department of Urology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tracy L Rose
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew I Milowsky
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Marc A Bjurlin
- University of North Carolina Department of Urology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Davaro F, Davaro E, Rose K, Murthy P, Huelster H, Naidu S, Camperlengo L, Grass GD, Vosoughi A, Chumbalkar V, Jain RK, Zemp L, Yu A, Poch MA, Spiess PE, Gilbert SM, Sexton WJ, Li R. Impact of surgical margin and extent of lymphadenectomy on oncologic outcomes in plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2023; 41:389.e7-389.e13. [PMID: 36959058 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Guideline recommendations disagree on template boundaries for pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) in conventional urothelial carcinoma. Less is known about PLND in variant histology. We aimed to analyze the role of LND in plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (PUC). METHODS A retrospective review of patients with cTanyNanyM0 PUC who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) with PLND was performed from 2012 to 2022. Lymph node count (LNC) was a surrogate for extent of lymph node dissection and dichotomized based on maximally selected rank statistics. Multivariable cox hazard regression analysis (MVA) for overall survival (OS) corrected for age, perioperative chemotherapy, soft tissue margin status, and stage ≥pT3 and/or pN+ was performed. Disease free survival (DFS) and OS were estimated using Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis. RESULTS Sixty-seven patients with median age of 71, who were 79.1% male were included. Neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy were administered in 61.2% and 19.4% of patients, respectively. At RC, 70.1% were ≥pT3. Median LNC was 22 (IQR 14-27) with 43.3% of patients being pN+. Calculated optimal-LNC cut point for DFS and OS was 19. Grouping by optimal (≥20) vs. suboptimal-LNC (<20), no significant clinicodemographic differences were found. Optimal-LNC provided improved DFS (P = 0.05) and OS (P = 0.02). Optimal-LNC (HR 0.47, 0.24-0.93 CI 95%, P = 0.03) and negative soft tissue margin (HR 0.38, 0.19-0.76 CI 95%, P = 0.01) was associated with improved OS on MVA. Receipt of perioperative chemotherapy did not improve OS (P = 0.46). CONCLUSION In PUC, complete surgical extirpation achieving negative soft tissue margins and removing ≥20 lymph should be prioritized if operative intervention is pursued.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Facundo Davaro
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Elizabeth Davaro
- Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Kyle Rose
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Prithvi Murthy
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Heather Huelster
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Shreyas Naidu
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Lucia Camperlengo
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | | | - Aram Vosoughi
- Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | | | - Rohit K Jain
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Logan Zemp
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Alice Yu
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Michael A Poch
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Philippe E Spiess
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Scott M Gilbert
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Wade J Sexton
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Roger Li
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mullane P, Joshi S, Bilen M, Osunkoya AO. Clinicopathologic analysis of patients undergoing repeat transurethral resection of bladder tumour following an initial diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma with lamina propria invasion and variant/divergent histology. J Clin Pathol 2023; 76:256-260. [PMID: 34635538 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2021-207756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS A subset of patients with urothelial carcinoma (UCa) and lamina propria (LP) invasion in bladder biopsies/transurethral resections (TURs) are at significant risk for recurrence and have increased rates of progression to UCa with muscularis propria (MP) invasion. The clinicopathologic features of this patient population has not been well characterised in the Pathology literature. METHODS We performed a search through our urologic pathology files and expert consult cases of the senior author for bladder biopsies/TURs of UCa with LP invasion and variant/divergent histology from 2014 to 2020. Patients with a prior diagnosis of UCa with MP invasion or upper tract UCa were excluded. Clinicopathologic data were obtained. RESULTS Ninety-five patients with at least one biopsy/TUR of UCa with LP invasion and variant/divergent histology were identified. Mean patient age was 72 years (range: 46-92 years) with a male predominance 2.3:1. Initial variant/divergent histologies identified were: glandular (35.8%), squamous (23.2%), micropapillary (20%), clear cell/lipid rich (12.6%), diffuse/signet ring/plasmacytoid (10.5%), nested (9.5%), sarcomatoid (6.3%), poorly differentiated/anaplastic (4.2%), small cell (2.1%), lymphoepithelioma-like (2.1%), osteoclast-like giant cells (1.1%) and tumour giant cells (1.1%). Two or more variant histologies were identified in 18.9% of these cases. The rate of micropapillary UCa was significantly higher in multifocal tumours compared with unifocal tumours (37% vs 7.1%). CONCLUSIONS In our cohort of patients undergoing early repeat biopsy/TUR, 75% of patients had persistent UCa. Additionally, almost 25% of patients had a prior diagnosis of UCa without a variant/divergent histology identified. Our findings highlight the critical role of repeat biopsy/TUR especially in a subset of patients who have variant/divergent histology, even in the absence of MP invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Mullane
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shreyas Joshi
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mehmet Bilen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Adeboye O Osunkoya
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alshahwan MI, Bin Dukhi MM, Alotaibi SN, Aldarrab R, Alhefdhi NA, Al Oudah N, Abumelha S. Plasmacytoid Variant Urothelial Cell Carcinoma: A Case of a Histological Variant of Urinary Bladder Cancer With Aggressive Behavior. Cureus 2023; 15:e36278. [PMID: 36937121 PMCID: PMC10022250 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a case report of plasmacytoid variant urothelial carcinoma (PVUC), a rare form of transitional cell carcinoma. PVUC is known for its unique clinical features, aggressive behavior, and poor survival rates. PVUC comprises less than 3% of all bladder tumors, and its diagnosis is often difficult due to its resemblance to other forms of bladder cancer. It requires a staging workup to rule out metastasis, relies heavily on immunostaining and histopathological analysis for diagnosis, and requires a multidisciplinary approach with early aggressive treatment, including cisplatin-based chemotherapy following surgery. This report highlights the importance of understanding rare variants of bladder cancer to ensure timely and accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning. We report here a case of a 75-year-old male with multiple comorbidities who presented with hematuria and was diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma plasmacytoid type, which was initially treated with transurethral resection but later found to be unresectable and treated with palliative chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Eventually, the patient passed away three years after the diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mosaad I Alshahwan
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Musaad M Bin Dukhi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Sultan N Alotaibi
- Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | | | - Nourah Al Oudah
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Saad Abumelha
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a heterogeneous disease, which exhibits a wide spectrum of clinical and pathologic features. Recent genomic studies have revealed that distinct molecular alterations may underlie the diverse clinical behaviors of bladder cancer, leading to a novel molecular classification. The intrinsic molecular subtypes exhibit distinct gene expression signatures and different clinicopathologic features. Genomic alterations also underlie the development of bladder cancer histologic subtypes. Genomic characterization provides new insights to understanding the biology of bladder cancer and improves the diagnosis and treatment of this complex disease. Biomarkers can aid the selection of patients for immune checkpoint therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles C Guo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 0085, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Bogdan Czerniak
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 0085, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Are We Ready to Implement Molecular Subtyping of Bladder Cancer in Clinical Practice? Part 2: Subtypes and Divergent Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147844. [PMID: 35887192 PMCID: PMC9317362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Following several attempts to achieve a molecular stratification of bladder cancer (BC) over the last decade, a "consensus" classification has been recently developed to provide a common base for the molecular classification of bladder cancer (BC), encompassing a six-cluster scheme with distinct prognostic and predictive characteristics. In order to implement molecular subtyping (MS) as a risk stratification tool in routine practice, immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been explored as a readily accessible, relatively inexpensive, standardized surrogate method, achieving promising results in different clinical settings. The second part of this review deals with the pathological and clinical features of the molecular clusters, both in conventional and divergent urothelial carcinoma, with a focus on the role of IHC-based subtyping.
Collapse
|
10
|
Ito K, Ohgi K, Bae Y, Ishikawa A, Kimura K, Yamashita A, Yokote H, Tsukuda S, Higuchi T, Kikuoka Y, Kawakami N, Harada M. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging of plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma with histopathological correlation: A case report. Radiol Case Rep 2022; 17:2155-2161. [PMID: 35469304 PMCID: PMC9034284 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2022.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinomas of the bladder are rare, aggressive variants with a poor prognosis. Few reports have described the correlation of histopathological features with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging findings in the local staging of plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma. An 82-year-old woman with hematuria was referred to our hospital. Magnetic resonance imaging showed diffuse bladder wall thickening, with different signal intensities in the 2 layers—inner and outer. This case suggests that the presence of diffuse bladder wall thickening and varying signal intensities in the 2 layers could aid in the local staging of plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma. A thickened bladder wall with restricted diffusion suggests tumor invasion, indicating that the tumor can invade the organ in contact with the thickened bladder wall.
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang BG, Woodward K, Menezes G, Wang ZQ, He R, Li W. Pleural fluid metastasis of plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma in comparison to micropapillary and conventional high-grade urothelial carcinoma: Cytologic and immuonohistochemical findings. Diagn Cytopathol 2022; 50:E248-E254. [PMID: 35560555 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (PUC) is a rare but clinically aggressive variant of high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC). Cytological features include single plasmacytoid neoplastic cells with N:C ratio around 0.5, eccentric nuclei, nuclear hyperchromasia, irregular nuclear membrane, and vacuolated cytoplasm. Micropapillary urothelial carcinoma (MPUC) is another clinically aggressive variant of HGUC that shares some overlapping features of PUC. The diagnosis of these two aggressive variants in pleural effusions can be challenging due to features mimicking adenocarcinoma, unusual immunochemistry profile, and confusion with differential diagnoses, especially when pertinent clinical information is unavailable. We present report on one case each of pleural fluid metastasis of PUC and MPUC respectively, and compare the findings with that of a metastatic conventional HGUC originally thought to be metastatic adenocarcinoma. The diagnosis of PUC was confirmed with immunohistochemical studies showing expression for cytokeratin, GATA-3, uroplakin II, and CD138, diminished or loss of E-cadherin membranous expression, negative expression for p63, p53, Epicam-BerEP4, Epicam-MOC31, and p120. The diagnosis of MPUC was confirmed with immunostain profile similar to that of PUC except positive stain for E-cadherin, p120, and p53. The diagnosis of HGUC was confirmed with immunohistochemical studies showing expression for cytokeratin, GATA-3, uroplakin II, p63, Epicam-BerEP4 (focal weak), and Epicam-MOC31. Our cases of metastatic urothelial carcinoma showed features mimicking adenocarcinoma and others, especially the MPUC and HGUC were diagnosed without prior tissue diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma. This report emphasizes the cytohistological and immunohistochemical details of urothelial carcinoma involving effusion fluid and discusses potential pitfalls in diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brant G Wang
- Department of Pathology, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Kimberly Woodward
- Department of Pathology, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Geetha Menezes
- Department of Pathology, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Zoe Q Wang
- Department of Pathology, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Rui He
- Department of Pathology, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Wenping Li
- Department of Pathology, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Woo S, Ghafoor S, Das JP, Gangai N, Goh AC, Vargas HA. Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: MRI features and their association with survival. Urol Oncol 2022; 40:108.e1-108.e10. [PMID: 34750054 PMCID: PMC8885786 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinomas (PUC) of the bladder are rare variants known for diffuse and infiltrative spread, however their magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features are not well established. We aimed to evaluate MRI features of PUC of the bladder and their association with survival. METHODS AND MATERIALS This retrospective single-center study included 41 patients with pathologically-proven bladder PUC of the bladder that underwent pre-treatment MRI between January 2000 and March 2020. Two radiologists reviewed MRIs independently followed by consensus with a third radiologist. On MRI, tumor extent, size, Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) scores (≥4, muscle-invasive; 5, extravesical extension [EVE]), pelvic peritoneal spread (PPS), hydronephrosis, pelvic adenopathy and clinicopathological factors of age, gender, pathological stage, and treatment type were extracted. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional-hazards models were used to evaluate association with survival. RESULTS Thirty-two men and 9 women (median age 70 years, IQR 64-76) were included. Most were muscle-invasive (n = 30 [73.2%]). On MRI, most tumors were diffuse (n = 28 [68.3%]), >5 cm (n = 30 [73.2%]), VI-RADS 4 to 5 (n = 36 [87.8%]) with features of EVE and (n = 31 [75.6%]) and PPS (n = 25 [61.0%]). Variables associated with survival were: Larger tumors (>5 cm; hazard ratio [HR] = 5.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6-15.5; P < 0.01), diffuse extent (HR = 4.0; 95% CI 1.4-11.2; P = 0.01), EVE (HR = 4.5; 95% CI 1.5-13.6; P < 0.01), PPS (HR = 3.0; 95% CI 1.2-7.4; P = 0.01), hydronephrosis (HR = 13.7; 95% CI 3.1-60.9; P < 0.01), pathologic stage (≥pT3 vs. pT1; HR = 5.6; 95% CI 1.3-22.0; P = 0.02), and margin positivity (HR = 4.4 [95% CI 1.2-16.4], P = 0.03). CONCLUSION PUCs of the bladder are commonly large, diffuse VI-RADS score 4 to 5 tumors with MRI features of EVE and PPS. These features and pathological stage were associated with survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sungmin Woo
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
| | - Soleen Ghafoor
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jeeban P. Das
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natalie Gangai
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alvin C. Goh
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY
| | - H. Alberto Vargas
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zacharouli K, Vageli DP, Koukoulis GK, Ioannou M. Patient with prostatic adenocarcinoma with plasmacytoid features and an aberrant immunohistochemical phenotype diagnosed by biopsy and a mini-review of plasmacytoid features in the genitourinary system: A case report. Mol Clin Oncol 2022; 16:67. [PMID: 35154707 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2022.2500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies in men. Most of these tumors are adenocarcinomas. Plasmacytoid is a rare variant of adenocarcinoma described by previous studies in the genitourinary system and is characterized by the plasmacytoid appearance of tumor cells with abundant cytoplasm and abnormally placed hyperchromatic nuclei. However, to the best of our knowledge, plasmacytoid adenocarcinoma has rarely been described in the prostate. This report describes a new case of plasmacytoid adenocarcinoma of the prostate diagnosed by biopsy and summarizes the known literature on plasmacytoid features in the genitourinary system. A 62-year-old male patient presented to the hospital with urinary retention, hematuria, weakness and weight loss. The digital rectal examination revealed an irregular enlargement. Laboratory findings showed elevated levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA; 43.6 ng/ml). Transrectal ultrasound showed invasion of the right seminal vesicle. Prostate tumor core biopsies were collected and sent for diagnosis. Histological examination revealed a high-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma Gleason score of 5+5 (total score 10). The tumor cells had a plasmacytoid appearance with abundant cytoplasm and abnormally placed hyperchromatic nuclei. The immunohistochemical phenotype was characterized by abundant positivity for cytokeratin (CK)AE1/AE3 and PSA. By contrast, tumor cells were negative for p63, CK 34BE12 and GATA binding protein 3 (urothelial markers), synaptophysin (neuroendocrine marker). Tumor cells were also negative for E-cadherin, which is particularly indicative of CDH1 alterations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of a plasmacytoid adenocarcinoma of the prostate diagnosed by biopsy, showing an irregular immunophenotype that may indicate somatic CDH1 alterations. The presentation of a novel rare variant of prostatic carcinoma that differs from other neoplasms of the genitourinary system may contribute to an improved understanding of this uncommonly found histological pattern that may also be mandatory due to the clinical and prognostic implications of this diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Zacharouli
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitra P Vageli
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - George K Koukoulis
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria Ioannou
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liliac IM, Ungureanu BS, Mărgăritescu C, Sacerdoțianu VM, Săftoiu A, Mogoantă L, Moraru E, Pirici D. E-Cadherin Modulation and Inter-Cellular Trafficking in Tubular Gastric Adenocarcinoma: A High-Resolution Microscopy Pilot Study. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020349. [PMID: 35203558 PMCID: PMC8961786 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the numerous advances in tumor molecular biology and chemotherapy options, gastric adenocarcinoma is still the most frequent form of gastric cancer. One of the core proteins that regulates inter-cellular adhesion, E-cadherin plays important roles in tumorigenesis as well as in tumor progression; however, the exact expression changes and modulation that occur in gastric cancer are not yet fully understood. In an attempt to estimate if the synthesis/degradation balance matches the final membrane expression of this adhesion molecule in cancer tissue, we assessed the proportion of E-cadherin that is found in the Golgi vesicles as well as in the lysosomal pathway We utilized archived tissue fragments from 18 patients with well and poorly differentiated intestinal types of gastric cancer and 5 samples of normal gastric mucosa, by using high-magnification multispectral microscopy and high-resolution fluorescence deconvolution microscopy. Our data showed that E-cadherin is not only expressed in the membrane, but also in the cytoplasm of normal and tumor gastric epithelia. E-cadherin colocalization with the Golgian vesicles seemed to be increasing with less differentiated tumors, while co-localization with the lysosomal system decreased in tumor tissue; however, the membrane expression of the adhesion molecule clearly dropped from well to poorly differentiated tumors. Thus E-cadherin seems to be more abundantly synthetized than eliminated via lysosomes/exosomes in less differentiated tumors, suggesting that post-translational modifications, such as cleavage, conformational inactivation, or exocytosis, are responsible for the net drop of E-cadherin at the level of the membrane in more anaplastic tumors. This behavior is in perfect accordance with the concept of partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (P-EMT), when the E-cadherin expression of tumor cells is in fact not downregulated but redistributed away from the membrane in recycling vesicles. Moreover, our high-resolution deconvolution microscopy study showed for the first time, at the tissue level, the presence of Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 (LAMP1)-positive exosomes/multivesicular bodies being trafficked across the membranes of tumor epithelial cells. Altogether, a myriad of putative modulatory pathways is available as a treatment turning point, even if we are to only consider the metabolism of membrane E-cadherin regulation. Future super-resolution microscopy studies are needed to clarify the extent of lysosome/exosome exchange between tumor cells and with the surrounding stroma, in histopathology samples or even in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Mihaela Liliac
- PhD Student, Doctoral School, Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Silviu Ungureanu
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (B.S.U.); (V.M.S.)
| | - Claudiu Mărgăritescu
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (D.P.)
| | - Victor Mihai Sacerdoțianu
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (B.S.U.); (V.M.S.)
| | - Adrian Săftoiu
- Department of Research Methodology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Laurențiu Mogoantă
- Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Emil Moraru
- Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Daniel Pirici
- Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (D.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lockhart K, King S, Grant A, McLeod N, Tiu A. Outcomes of poorly differentiated and plasmacytoid variant bladder urothelial carcinoma. BJUI COMPASS 2021; 3:62-67. [PMID: 35475149 PMCID: PMC8988797 DOI: 10.1002/bco2.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study is to assess the course and management of poorly differentiated bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC), including plasmacytoid UC (PUC), in our local area. Although bladder cancer is relatively common, PUC is a rare and aggressive subtype with a poor prognosis that is still poorly understood. Materials and Methods A retrospective assessment of all poorly differentiated high‐grade UC over the last 15 years (2005–2020) in the Hunter New England area was completed. In total, 37 patients were included, and PUC variant was compared with the remaining poorly differentiated UC. Results Of the included cases, eight were PUC, nine squamous variant, two neuroendocrine, and one sarcomatoid. Overall, 23 cases proceeded to cystectomy, 15 had chemotherapy (six neoadjuvant), and 11 had radiation therapy. In the PUC subgroup, three had metastatic disease at diagnosis (37.5%). Of the three PUC patients who underwent cystectomy, all were upstaged. Two PUC cases had adjuvant chemotherapy, and one case had radiation. Within the follow‐up period, the PUC group had a cause‐specific mortality of 50% with a mean survival in these patients of 202 days, compared with 37.9% cause‐specific mortality with survival of 671.55 days (p = 0.23) in all other undifferentiated UC cases; 5‐year cause‐specific mortality with Kaplan–Meier analysis was estimated at 26% compared with 59%, respectively (p = 0.058). Conclusion Poorly differentiated UC is demonstrated to have a poor prognosis with a high mortality rate, particularly when PUC is present. Given the rarity of these variants, further studies are necessary to explore the impact of current treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Lockhart
- Department of Urology John Hunter Hospital New Lambton New South Wales Australia
| | - Simon King
- Department of Pathology John Hunter Hospital New Lambton New South Wales Australia
| | - Alexander Grant
- Department of Urology John Hunter Hospital New Lambton New South Wales Australia
| | - Nicholas McLeod
- Department of Urology John Hunter Hospital New Lambton New South Wales Australia
| | - Albert Tiu
- Department of Urology John Hunter Hospital New Lambton New South Wales Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (UC) are luminal tumors with similar CD8+ Tcell density and PD-L1 protein expression on immune cells as compared to conventional UC. Urol Oncol 2021; 40:12.e1-12.e11. [PMID: 34429252 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a rare pathological variant of UC with low chemotherapeutic sensitivity and dismal outcomes. The molecular and immune profiles of such tumors remain poorly investigated. METHODS Herein, we investigated the phenotypical features of a cohort of plasmacytoid UC (n=32) by comparison to a control group of conventional high-grade UC with matched clinicopathological characteristics (n=30). Histopathological analysis included the following antibodies: p63, GATA3, CK5/6, CK20 and HER2. In addition, the density of intra-tumor CD8+ lymphocytes, and PD-L1 expression in tumor (TC) and immune cells (IC) were evaluated. RESULTS Plasmacytoid UC expressed GATA3 (97% vs 86% P=0.18), CK20 (59% vs 36% P=0.08) markers and showed a significantly higher rate of HER2 overexpression (2+ and 3+ score: 25% vs 0%, P<0.01) compared to controls. A significantly lower expression of CK5/6 (22% vs 56%, P<0.05) and p63 (41% vs 80%, P<0.05) was observed in plasmacytoid UC compared to controls. The density of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ cells was similar between plasmacytoid and conventional UC (P=0.9). PD-L1 expression on IC was similar compared to conventional UC (P=0.3). CONCLUSIONS Together, our study demonstrated that plasmacytoid UC belong to the luminal subtype and display a rather inflamed microenvironment similar to conventional UC. These data support the inclusion of plasmacytoid variant of UC in clinical trials evaluating immune checkpoint inhibitors monotherapy or combination immunotherapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
17
|
Burandt E, Lübbersmeyer F, Gorbokon N, Büscheck F, Luebke AM, Menz A, Kluth M, Hube-Magg C, Hinsch A, Höflmayer D, Weidemann S, Fraune C, Möller K, Jacobsen F, Lebok P, Clauditz TS, Sauter G, Simon R, Uhlig R, Wilczak W, Steurer S, Minner S, Krech R, Dum D, Krech T, Marx AH, Bernreuther C. E-Cadherin expression in human tumors: a tissue microarray study on 10,851 tumors. Biomark Res 2021; 9:44. [PMID: 34090526 PMCID: PMC8180156 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The E-Cadherin gene (CDH1, Cadherin 1), located at 16q22.1 encodes for a calcium-dependent membranous glycoprotein with an important role in cellular adhesion and polarity maintenance. METHODS To systematically determine E-Cadherin protein expression in normal and cancerous tissues, 14,637 tumor samples from 112 different tumor types and subtypes as well as 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray format. RESULTS E-Cadherin was strongly expressed in normal epithelial cells of most organs. From 77 tumor entities derived from cell types normally positive for E-Cadherin, 35 (45.5%) retained at least a weak E-Cadherin immunostaining in ≥99% of cases and 61 (79.2%) in ≥90% of cases. Tumors with the highest rates of E-Cadherin loss included Merkel cell carcinoma, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, lobular carcinoma of the breast, and sarcomatoid and small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the urinary bladder. Reduced E-Cadherin expression was linked to higher grade (p = 0.0009), triple negative receptor status (p = 0.0336), and poor prognosis (p = 0.0466) in invasive breast carcinoma of no special type, triple negative receptor status in lobular carcinoma of the breast (p = 0.0454), advanced pT stage (p = 0.0047) and lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer (p < 0.0001), and was more common in recurrent than in primary prostate cancer (p < 0.0001). Of 29 tumor entities derived from E-Cadherin negative normal tissues, a weak to strong E-Cadherin staining could be detected in at least 10% of cases in 15 different tumor entities (51.7%). Tumors with the highest frequency of E-Cadherin upregulation included various subtypes of testicular germ cell tumors and renal cell carcinomas (RCC). E-Cadherin upregulation was more commonly seen in malignant than in benign soft tissue tumors (p = 0.0104) and was associated with advanced tumor stage (p = 0.0276) and higher grade (p = 0.0035) in clear cell RCC, and linked to advanced tumor stage (p = 0.0424) and poor prognosis in papillary RCC (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION E-Cadherin is consistently expressed in various epithelial cancers. Down-regulation or loss of E-Cadherin expression in cancers arising from E-Cadherin positive tissues as well as E-Cadherin neo-expression in cancers arising from E-Cadherin negative tissues is linked to cancer progression and may reflect tumor dedifferentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Lübbersmeyer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Gorbokon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas M Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Menz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sören Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Sebastian Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ria Uhlig
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Krech
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Andreas Holger Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth, Germany
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
De Lorenzis E, Albo G, Longo F, Bebi C, Boeri L, Montanari E. Current Knowledge on Genomic Profiling of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030333. [PMID: 33668859 PMCID: PMC7996334 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research in next-generation sequencing characterized the genomic landscape of urothelial cancer. However, the majority of the studies focused on bladder cancer (BC). Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas (UTUC) and BC share some histological characteristics, but, considering the differences in terms of embryologic precursors, epidemiology, genetics, medical and surgical management and response to therapy, UTUC and BC should be considered as two distinct diseases. Our objective is to analyze through a literature search the latest updates and the current knowledge about the genomics of UTUC. We also evaluate genetic differences between BC and UTUC and the potential implications for systemic therapy. Molecular subtyping and variant histology and their correlation with response to chemotherapy were also explored. In summary, the most frequent genomic variations in UTUC included FGFR3, chromatin remodeling genes, TP53/MDM2 and other tumor suppressors/oncogenes. The genomics of UTUC, integrated with clinical data, could drive the selection of patients who could benefit from targeted therapy or off-label treatment. Routine implementation of tumor genomic characterization in UTUC patients should therefore be contemplated and evaluated prospectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa De Lorenzis
- Urology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (F.L.); (C.B.); (L.B.); (E.M.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-55034546; Fax: +39-02-50320584
| | - Giancarlo Albo
- Urology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (F.L.); (C.B.); (L.B.); (E.M.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Longo
- Urology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (F.L.); (C.B.); (L.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Carolina Bebi
- Urology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (F.L.); (C.B.); (L.B.); (E.M.)
- University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Boeri
- Urology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (F.L.); (C.B.); (L.B.); (E.M.)
- University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Montanari
- Urology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (F.L.); (C.B.); (L.B.); (E.M.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Packiam VT. Consensus statements from the EAU-ESMO collaboration for advanced and variant bladder cancer: can we move the needle to improve survival? Transl Androl Urol 2021; 9:2488-2492. [PMID: 33457222 PMCID: PMC7807307 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
20
|
Sfakianos JP, Gul Z, Shariat SF, Matin SF, Daneshmand S, Plimack E, Lerner S, Roupret M, Pal S. Genetic Differences Between Bladder and Upper Urinary Tract Carcinoma: Implications for Therapy. Eur Urol Oncol 2020; 4:170-179. [PMID: 33386276 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) and upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) have genetic differences, which may influence therapy. OBJECTIVE The aim of the current review was to summarize the current genetic understanding of upper tract and BUC. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science online databases were searched systematically up to February 2020, using the following keywords: urothelial carcinomas, upper urinary tract, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder cancer, and genetics. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS UTUC and BUC share mutations in similar genes, such as FGFR3, TP53, and HRAS, and epigenetic genes, such as KDM6A and KMT2A-C, but at varying frequencies. Furthermore, subtyping of UTUC and BUC has identified similar expression subtypes, but UTUC is more often luminal with more T-cell depletion. Clonal studies indicate that BUC after UTUC is also likely luminal, while UTUC after BUC is often basal. CONCLUSIONS UTUC and BUC share many genomic alterations, but at different frequencies, which recapitulate with their metachronous recurrences. These differences likely contribute to the behavior of these two cancers and imply that they and their metachronous recurrences should be treated as two related yet distinct entities. PATIENT SUMMARY Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder has distinct genomic features, which are different from distinct genomic features of urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis and/or ureter. These features can be used for tailored treatment options specific to tumors of different locations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John P Sfakianos
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Zeynep Gul
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Surena F Matin
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Siamak Daneshmand
- Institute of Urology and USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Seth Lerner
- Scott Department of Urology, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Morgan Roupret
- Urology Department, GRC n°5, Predictive Onco-Uro, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Sumanta Pal
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Acosta AM, Barletta J, Sonpavde G, Schnitt S, Hirsch MS. p-120 Catenin is a Useful Diagnostic Biomarker for Distinguishing Plasmacytoid and Sarcomatoid Variants From Conventional Urothelial Carcinoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2020; 145:1000-1008. [PMID: 33237989 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2020-0262-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (PC-UC) is an aggressive variant of urothelial carcinoma (UC), characterized by loss of E-cadherin (E-Cad)-mediated intercellular adhesion. Loss of E-Cad by immunohistochemistry can help diagnose PC-UC; however, sensitivity is limited. Expression of other cadherin-catenin adhesion complex members, that is, p-120 catenin (p-120) and β-catenin (B-Cat), which are diagnostically useful for lobular breast carcinoma, remains unknown in UC. OBJECTIVE.— To determine the utility of p-120 and B-Cat in conventional and variant UC. DESIGN.— E-cadherin, B-Cat, and p-120 immunohistochemistry was performed in 25 conventional UCs and 33 variant UCs, including 22 PC-UCs, 6 sarcomatoid UCs (SUCs), and 5 micropapillary UCs. Membranous staining for all biomarkers was considered normal; however, any cytoplasmic staining or an absence of staining was considered diagnostically abnormal. Next-generation sequencing was performed on 8 PC-UC cases. RESULTS.— E-cadherin, B-Cat, and p-120 showed membranous staining in all conventional and micropapillary UCs. In contrast, most PC-UCs were negative for E-Cad (17 of 22; 77%) with an additional 2 of 22 cases (9%) showing cytoplasmic with partial membranous staining. p-120 catenin demonstrated cytoplasmic or negative staining in 21 of 22 cases (95%). Most SUCs showed an absence of E-Cad (5 of 6; 83%) and cytoplasmic or negative p-120 in 5 of 6 cases (83%). Staining for B-Cat was also abnormal in a subset of PC-UCs and SUCs. Five PC-UC cases that harbored CDH1 gene variants were p-120 cytoplasmic positive. CONCLUSIONS.— p-120 catenin is a useful adjunct biomarker to E-Cad in the clinically important distinction of PC-UC and SUC from conventional UC. In particular, the combination of cytoplasmic p-120 and loss of E-Cad is strongly supportive of PC-UC and SUC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andres M Acosta
- From the Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (Acosta, Barletta, Schnitt, Hirsch)
| | - Justine Barletta
- From the Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (Acosta, Barletta, Schnitt, Hirsch)
| | - Guru Sonpavde
- The Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (Sonpavde)
| | - Stuart Schnitt
- From the Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (Acosta, Barletta, Schnitt, Hirsch)
| | - Michelle S Hirsch
- From the Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (Acosta, Barletta, Schnitt, Hirsch)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Carsel A, Levy C, Raghavan AM, Ortiz JA, Sindhwani P, Petros FG. Plasmacytoid variant of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder manifesting as bilateral ureteral and small bowel obstruction. Urol Case Rep 2020; 33:101415. [PMID: 33102112 PMCID: PMC7574283 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2020.101415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (PUC) is a rare variant of bladder cancer characterized by distinct histopathology and advanced stage at diagnosis. Multimodal treatment is usually indicated. We present a case of PUC causing bilateral ureteral obstruction with subsequent renal failure followed shortly by malignant small bowel obstruction, demonstrating the need for a high degree of clinical suspicion in diagnosis of this aggressive subtype. Moreover, the local invasiveness of the disease cannot be understated, given that it can rapidly spread with little radiologic evidence of progression until it is at an advanced stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Carsel
- The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Chris Levy
- The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ashwin M Raghavan
- The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA.,Department of Urology, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Jorge A Ortiz
- The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA.,Department of Surgery, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Puneet Sindhwani
- The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA.,Department of Urology, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Firas G Petros
- The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA.,Department of Urology, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Report From the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Consultation Conference On Molecular Pathology Of Urogenital Cancers. II. Molecular Pathology of Bladder Cancer: Progress and Challenges. Am J Surg Pathol 2020; 44:e30-e46. [PMID: 32091435 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During the 2019 International Society of Urological Pathology Consultation Conference on Molecular Pathology of Urogenital Cancer, the Working Group on Bladder Cancer presented the current status and made recommendations on the diagnostic use of molecular pathology, incorporating a premeeting survey. Bladder cancers are biologically diverse and can be separated into "molecular subtypes," based on expression profiling. These subtypes associate with clinical behavior, histology, and molecular alterations, though their clinical utility has not been demonstrated at present and use in bladder cancer is not recommended. Mutations in the TERT promoter are present in the majority of bladder cancers, including the noninvasive stage of tumor evolution, but not in reactive conditions. Mutational analysis of the TERT promoter thus distinguishes histologically deceptive cancers from their benign mimics in some cases. A minority of pathologists employ this test. FGFR3 mutations are common in bladder cancer, and metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) with such mutations frequently responds to erdafitinib, an FGFR inhibitor. Testing for FGFR3 alterations is required before using this drug. Metastatic UC responds to immune-oncology (IO) agents in 20% of cases. These are approved as first and second-line treatments in metastatic UC. Several biological parameters associate with response to IO agents, including tumor mutational burden, molecular subtype, and infiltration by programmed death-ligand 1-positive lymphocytes, detected by immunohistochemistry. Programmed death-ligand 1 immunohistochemistry is mandatory before administering IO agents in the first-line setting. In conclusion, much has been learned about the biology of bladder cancer, and this understanding has improved the care of patients with the disease.
Collapse
|
24
|
Weng X, Li JS, Fan S. [Mechanism of long-chain noncoding RNA PCGEM1 in the regulation of the invasion and metastasis of oral squamous carcinoma cells via transforming growth factor β2/Smad2 signaling pathway]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2020; 38:550-557. [PMID: 33085241 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism underlying the regulation of the invasion and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by long-chain noncoding RNA (lncRNA) PCGEM1 through the transforming growth factor (TGF) β2/Smad2 signaling pathways. METHODS A total of 60 OSCC cases were collected. Cancer tissues and normal tissues more than 2 cm away from cancer tissues were also collected. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-148a and lncRNA PCGEM1 in OSCC, adjacent normal tissues, oral mucosa epithelial cells, KB, BcaCD885, SCC-4, CAL27, and SCC-15. The relationship between the expression of lncRNA PCGEM1 and miR-148a and the clinicopathological information of patients was analyzed. The lncRNA PCGEM1-silenced cell line KB-siPCGEM1 and negative control (KB-NC) group were constructed, and KB was used as the blank control group. The effects of lncRNA PCGEM1 on the proliferation, invasion, and migration of KB cells were determined via MTT, Transwell, and scratch assays. The bioinformatics website starBase was used to predict the complementary binding microRNA (miRNA) of lncRNA PCGEM1. Furthermore, the genes that the miRNA could target and bind were predicted in accordance with the website www.microRNA.org. Western blotting analysis was used to detect the expression of TGF β2/Smad2 signaling pathway proteins. RESULTS qRT-PCR results showed that the expression level of lncRNA PCGEM1 and miR-148a in OSCC tissues was higher than that in normal tissues (P<0.05). The expression of lncRNA PCGEM1 and miR-148a in the cancer tissues of patients with different TNM grades, lymph node metastasis, and tissue differentiation was statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with those in the blank control group and the KB-NC group, OD492 nm value was significantly decreased and cell mobility was significantly reduced in the KB-siPCGEM1 group (P<0.05). Bioinformatics predictions showed that lncRNA PCGEM1 could bind to miR-148a in a complementary manner and that miR-148a had a targeted binding site with TGF β2. qRT-PCR and Western blotting analysis results showed that the expression levels of miR-148a, TGF β2, and p-Smad2 in the KB-siPCGEM1 group were significantly lower than those in the blank control and KB-NC groups (P<0.05), and no statistically significant difference between the blank control group and the KB-NC group was observed (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS LncRNA PCGEM1 is highly expressed in OSCC. The high expression of lncRNA PCGEM1 may enhance the TGF β2/Smad2 signaling pathway by upregulating miR-148a, thus promoting the development of OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Weng
- Dept. of Stomatology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou 515031, China
| | - Jin-Song Li
- Dept. of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Song Fan
- Dept. of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kohada Y, Kaiho Y, Ito J, Mikami J, Anan G, Asano K, Yaegashi T, Murakami K, Nakamura Y, Sato M. Progressive plasmacytoid variant bladder cancer with retroperitoneal dissemination: An autopsy case report. IJU Case Rep 2020; 3:166-169. [PMID: 32914061 PMCID: PMC7469833 DOI: 10.1002/iju5.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma is a rare and aggressive variant of bladder cancer. CASE PRESENTATION A 75-year-old woman presented with plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma with retroperitoneal dissemination was treated with chemotherapy. After an unsuccessful first-line chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin, we assessed circulating tumor cells; one such cell was found to be positive for programmed death-ligand 1. The patient received second-line chemotherapy with pembrolizumab. However, the tumor extended to the retroperitoneal organs, and the patient eventually died. Autopsy revealed a widespread diffuse scirrhous infiltration of the carcinoma into the retroperitoneum. However, distant metastasis was not observed. CONCLUSION The evaluation of circulating tumor cells and autopsy revealed a disease state of progressive plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma treated with pembrolizumab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kohada
- Division of UrologyFaculty of MedicineTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Yasuhiro Kaiho
- Division of UrologyFaculty of MedicineTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Jun Ito
- Division of UrologyFaculty of MedicineTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Jotaro Mikami
- Division of UrologyFaculty of MedicineTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Go Anan
- Division of UrologyFaculty of MedicineTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | | | | | - Kazuhiro Murakami
- Division of PathologyFaculty of MedicineTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakamura
- Division of PathologyFaculty of MedicineTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Makoto Sato
- Division of UrologyFaculty of MedicineTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sangoi AR, Chan E, Stohr BA, Kunju LP. Invasive plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma: A comparative study of E-cadherin and P120 catenin. Hum Pathol 2020; 102:54-59. [PMID: 32673685 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Invasive plasmacytoid urothelial carcinomas (PUCs) are an uncommon aggressive variant, which often shows immunohistochemical loss of E-cadherin, underlying its distinct discohesive histology. The marker P120 (well described in breast pathology as being a diagnostic tool alongside E-cadherin for lobular neoplasia) has not been evaluated in PUCs. Biopsies, transurethral resections, and cystectomies of PUCs were collected, and whole-slide immunohistochemical analysis of E-cadherin and P120 was applied. A subset of cases were also tested for CDH1 mutation. PUC cases were stratified into morphologic categories of classic, pleomorphic, or desmoplastic. For E-cadherin, 24 of 33 (73%) cases showed an abnormal staining pattern, consisting of complete absence of staining (17/24; 71%) or cytoplasmic staining (7/24; 29%). For P120, 24 of 33 (73%) cases showed an abnormal staining pattern, consisting of loss of membranous staining with cytoplasmic reactivity. Only 2 cases showed a discordant E-cadherin/P120 immunoprofile (94% concordance). Significant staining differences among the 3 morphologic categories were not found. CDH1 mutation was found in 4 of 8 (50%) of cases, with 3 of 4 (75%) cases showing matched molecular/immunoprofile reactivity. No cases with CDH1 mutation showed discordant pattern E-cadherin/P120 immunoreactivity. Our rate of aberrant E-cadherin immunoreactivity in PUCs (73%) is similar to a meta-analysis of published cases (74%). We also report an identical rate of aberrant P120 immunoreactivity in PUCs (73%). While PUC remains a histologic diagnosis, in a subset of cases showing a less appreciated pattern (such as desmoplastic) or confounding cytoplasmic E-cadherin reactivity, the utility of paired P120 staining may be a useful diagnostic tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Chan
- University of California San Francisco, Pathology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bradley A Stohr
- University of California San Francisco, Pathology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - L Priya Kunju
- University of Michigan, Pathology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Telfah M, Parikh RA, Zhang D, Kasi A. Metastatic Plasmacytoid Bladder Cancer Harboring a CDH-1 Mutation and Producing High Levels of CA 19-9. A Case Report and Literature Review. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2020; 21:e923130. [PMID: 32644978 PMCID: PMC7370577 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.923130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Female, 64-year-old Final Diagnosis: Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma of the bladder Symptoms: Nausea • vomiting Medication:— Clinical Procedure: Cystoscopy Specialty: Oncology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Telfah
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Westwood, KS, USA
| | - Rahul A Parikh
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Westwood, KS, USA
| | - Da Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Anup Kasi
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Westwood, KS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hwang MJ, Kamat AM, Dinney CP, Czerniak B, Guo CC. Bladder Cancer Involving Smooth Muscle of Indeterminate Type or Muscularis Mucosae in Transurethral Biopsy Specimens. Am J Clin Pathol 2020; 154:208-214. [PMID: 32253420 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bladder cancers invading the muscularis mucosae (MM) are treated differently from those invading the muscularis propria (MP). However, it may be difficult to determine the type of smooth muscle in transurethral resection (TUR) or biopsy specimens. We aimed to investigate the clinicopathologic features of bladder cancers involving smooth muscle of indeterminate type (SMIT) in TUR specimens in comparison with those invading the MM. METHODS We identified 103 patients with bladder cancer involving SMIT (n = 27) or the MM (n = 76) in TUR specimens. All patients underwent subsequent restaging TUR or cystectomy. RESULTS Bladder cancer with SMIT invasion showed a significantly higher rate of MP invasion in the subsequent specimens than those invading the MM (52% vs 29%). Lack of MP in the TUR specimens had a significantly higher risk of MP invasion in the subsequent specimens than those with the MP (61% vs 40%). The overall survival time for patients with SMIT invasion was significantly shorter than those with MM invasion. CONCLUSIONS Bladder cancers with SMIT invasion in TUR specimens show more frequent cancer upstaging in the subsequent specimens and a poorer clinical outcome than those invading the MM, which highlights the importance of a cancer restaging procedure for these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Hwang
- Departments of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Ashish M Kamat
- Departments of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Colin P Dinney
- Departments of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Bogdan Czerniak
- Departments of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Charles C Guo
- Departments of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lobo N, Shariat SF, Guo CC, Fernandez MI, Kassouf W, Choudhury A, Gao J, Williams SB, Galsky MD, Taylor JA, Roupret M, Kamat AM. What Is the Significance of Variant Histology in Urothelial Carcinoma? Eur Urol Focus 2020; 6:653-663. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
30
|
Santana SC, de Souza MF, Amaral MEP, Athanazio DA. Divergent differentiation and variant morphology in invasive urothelial carcinomas – association with muscle-invasive disease. SURGICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s42047-020-00066-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
31
|
Diamantopoulos LN, Khaki AR, Grivas P, Gore JL, Schade GR, Hsieh AC, Lee JK, Yezefski T, Yu EY, Schweizer MT, Cheng HH, Psutka SP, Lin DW, Tretiakova MS, Vakar-Lopez F, Montgomery RB, Wright JL. Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma: response to chemotherapy and oncologic outcomes. Bladder Cancer 2020; 6:71-81. [PMID: 34109262 DOI: 10.3233/blc-190258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma is a rare bladder cancer variant with scarce data on outcomes and prognostic factors. OBJECTIVE We report our institutional experience with this histology to determine response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, definitive surgery and survival. METHODS We conducted a retrospective chart review of consecutive patients with plasmacytoid, as well as conventional urothelial carcinoma (for comparison) seen in our institution (2007 - 2018). Baseline characteristics, clinicopathologic and treatment data were captured. T-test, chi-squared and log-rank test was used for group comparison. Kaplan Meier method was used for estimation of overall survival and Cox regression for identification of prognostic factors. RESULTS 64 patients with plasmacytoid and 418 with conventional urothelial histology were identified; 53% of those with plasmacytoid presented with cT3/4 stage and 67% underwent extirpative surgery. Patients with plasmacytoid histology had higher rates of pT3/4 (65% vs. 28%), nodal disease (37% vs. 16%) and positive surgical margins (23% vs. 5%) compared to urothelial group (p < 0.01), as well as higher incidence of post-operative recurrence (47% vs. 29%, p = 0.05) and lower ypT0N0 rates after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (10% vs. 33%, p = 0.03). Plasmacytoid histology was associated with lower median overall survival compared to conventional urothelial (24 vs. 154 months, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma frequently presented with advanced stage at diagnosis and extirpative surgery, poor pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and inferior outcomes, when compared to conventional urothelial. Prospective trials evaluating upfront cystectomy versus preoperative chemotherapy and/or novel treatments should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas N Diamantopoulos
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, 825 Eastlake Ave E, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Ali Raza Khaki
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, 825 Eastlake Ave E, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Petros Grivas
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, 825 Eastlake Ave E, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - John L Gore
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - George R Schade
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Andrew C Hsieh
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, 825 Eastlake Ave E, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - John K Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, 825 Eastlake Ave E, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Todd Yezefski
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, 825 Eastlake Ave E, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Evan Y Yu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, 825 Eastlake Ave E, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Michael T Schweizer
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, 825 Eastlake Ave E, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Heather H Cheng
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, 825 Eastlake Ave E, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sarah P Psutka
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Daniel W Lin
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Department of Urology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Maria S Tretiakova
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Funda Vakar-Lopez
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Robert B Montgomery
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, 825 Eastlake Ave E, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jonathan L Wright
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Department of Urology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Leite KRM. Plasmocytoid urothelial carcinoma - clinical, histological, immunohistochemical and molecular aspects. SURGICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s42047-020-0056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPlasmacytoid (PUC) variant is a rare and aggressive form of urothelial cancer representing 1 to 3% of the bladder cancer. The main differential diagnosis is the bladder involvement by lymphoma-plasmocytoma or metastasis from lobular breast cancer or diffuse gastric cancer. Immunexpression of cytokeratin 7 and GATA3 is the rule, but CD138 may be positive in high percentage of cases. CDH1 somatic mutation or, more rarely, methylation of the gene promoter is the main genetic characteristic of PUC, but germinative mutation is always negative. The recognition of this special histology is very important for the correct management of the patients because of the high rate of positive surgical margins and atypical disease progression. PUC is responsive to cisplatin-based chemotherapy but recurrence is the rule. Peritoneal dissemination is frequent and cancer specific mortality is as high as 56% in a range of 19 to 23 months.
Collapse
|
33
|
Aron M. Variant Histology in Bladder Cancer—Current Understanding of Pathologic Subtypes. Curr Urol Rep 2019; 20:80. [DOI: 10.1007/s11934-019-0949-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
34
|
Perrino CM, Eble J, Kao CS, Whaley RD, Cheng L, Idrees M, Hashemi-Sadraei N, Monn MF, Kaimakliotis HZ, Bandali E, Grignon D. Plasmacytoid/diffuse urothelial carcinoma: a single-institution immunohistochemical and molecular study of 69 patients. Hum Pathol 2019; 90:27-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
35
|
|
36
|
Pereira R, Perera M, Rhee H. Metastatic plasmacytoid bladder cancer causing malignant priapism. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/7/e228088. [PMID: 31266754 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-228088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
An 81-year-old man presented to medical services with pelvic pain and evolving urinary retention over 3 months. The patient was found to have a tense glans and penile shaft with surrounding induration consistent with malignant priapism. The extent of the induration included the suprapubic region, scrotum, left iliac region and left flank. A CT scan demonstrated an enhancing, pedunculated lesion arising from the anterior bladder wall measuring 30×31×20 mm. There were multiple enlarged left inguinal lymph nodes. Core biopsies of the subcutaneous tissue on the anterior abdominal wall demonstrated plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma. The majority of patients with plasmacytoid variant of transitional cell carcinoma will present with >stage 3 bladder disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Pereira
- Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marlon Perera
- Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Handoo Rhee
- Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Taylor AS, Mehra R, Udager AM. Glandular Tumors of the Urachus and Urinary Bladder: A Practical Overview of a Broad Differential Diagnosis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2019; 142:1164-1176. [PMID: 30281367 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2018-0206-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Primary glandular tumors of the urachus and urinary bladder are an intriguing group of clinically and morphologically diverse neoplasms for which there have been recent refinements in diagnostic subclassification and advances in molecular pathology. In addition, the urachus and urinary bladder may be secondarily involved by tumors with glandular differentiation that demonstrate remarkable morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular overlap. Thus, surgical pathologists need to be aware of the broad differential diagnosis of glandular tumors that involve the urachus and urinary bladder and have a practical diagnostic framework to evaluate these lesions in routine clinical practice. In this review, we summarize the salient clinical, morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of glandular tumors of the urachus and urinary bladder, including mucinous cystic tumors of the urachus, noncystic urachal adenocarcinomas, urothelial carcinomas with glandular or pseudoglandular features, primary urinary bladder adenocarcinomas, and Müllerian-type carcinomas, highlighting the strengths and limitations of various diagnostic features and ancillary tests, as well as the need for close clinical and radiographic correlation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Taylor
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Drs Taylor, Mehra, and Udager); Rogel Cancer Center, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor (Dr Mehra); and Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Ann Arbor (Dr Mehra)
| | - Rohit Mehra
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Drs Taylor, Mehra, and Udager); Rogel Cancer Center, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor (Dr Mehra); and Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Ann Arbor (Dr Mehra)
| | - Aaron M Udager
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (Drs Taylor, Mehra, and Udager); Rogel Cancer Center, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor (Dr Mehra); and Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Ann Arbor (Dr Mehra)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sood S, Paner GP. Plasmacytoid Urothelial Carcinoma: An Unusual Variant That Warrants Aggressive Management and Critical Distinction on Transurethral Resections. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2019; 143:1562-1567. [PMID: 30865491 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2018-0139-rs] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (PUC) is a variant of infiltrating urothelial carcinoma that is characterized by tumor cells that have striking morphologic resemblance to and immunohistochemical overlap with plasma cells, and that harbors CDH1 mutation. Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma can be widely infiltrative and may permeate the urinary bladder in a linitis plastica-like manner and spread along the fascial planes and into the peritoneum. Compared with conventional urothelial carcinoma, PUCs have a greater chance for higher-stage disease, surgical margin positivity, and metastasis at presentation that translate into its poorer outcome. Upstaging of lamina propria-invasive (pT1) tumors diagnosed at transurethral resections is common. Because of its unfavorable behavior, a more aggressive management approach is being recommended for PUC, including consideration for upfront cystectomy in pT1 tumors. Thus, accurate distinction should be made especially on the initial transurethral resection specimens because of the therapeutic and prognostic implications. Awareness of PUC's unique clinical presentation, morphology, and immunohistochemical profile is important to avoid a potential misdiagnosis from its mimics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadhika Sood
- From Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Mangalore, Karnataka, India (Ms Sood); and the Departments of Pathology and Surgery (Urology), University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois (Dr Paner). At the time of acceptance, Ms Sood was currently a rotating medical student in the Department of Pathology, University of Chicago Medical Center
| | - Gladell P Paner
- From Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Mangalore, Karnataka, India (Ms Sood); and the Departments of Pathology and Surgery (Urology), University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois (Dr Paner). At the time of acceptance, Ms Sood was currently a rotating medical student in the Department of Pathology, University of Chicago Medical Center
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Bladder cancer is a heterogeneous disease that exhibits a wide spectrum of clinical and pathologic features. The classification of bladder cancer has been traditionally based on morphologic assessment with the aid of immunohistochemistry. However, recent genomic studies have revealed that distinct alterations of DNA and RNA in bladder cancer may underlie its diverse clinicopathologic features, leading to a novel molecular classification of this common human cancer. OBJECTIVE.— To update recent developments in genomic characterization of bladder cancer, which may shed insights on the molecular mechanisms underlying the origin of bladder cancer, dual-track oncogenic pathways, intrinsic molecular subtyping, and development of histologic variants. DATA SOURCES.— Peer-reviewed literature retrieved from PubMed search and authors' own research. CONCLUSIONS.— Bladder cancer is likely to arise from different uroprogenitor cells through papillary/luminal and nonpapillary/basal tracks. The intrinsic molecular subtypes of bladder cancer referred to as luminal and basal exhibit distinct expression signatures, clinicopathologic features, and sensitivities to standard chemotherapy. Genomic characterization of bladder cancer provides new insights to understanding the biological nature of this complex disease, which may lead to more effective treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles C Guo
- From the Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Bogdan Czerniak
- From the Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kovacs Z, Gurzu S, Molnar C, Sincu M, Banias L, Satala C, Jung I. Gastrointestinal Carcinoma with Plasmacytoid Morphology: Positivity for c-MET, Arylsulfatase, and Markers of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, as Indicators of Aggressivity. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:5836821. [PMID: 31205468 PMCID: PMC6530114 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5836821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma is a rare and aggressive histologic variant of high-grade carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Few than 250 cases have been reported in the urinary bladder till January 2019. In this paper, a case series of unusual gastrointestinal carcinomas with plasmacytoid morphology was included. Only one similar case of the stomach was previously published and no such cases were found in colon. METHODS We present the complex immunoprofile, using a panel of 39 biomarkers, of the largest group of primary gastrointestinal carcinomas with plasmacytoid morphology reported in literature (one from upper rectum and six from stomach). RESULTS All of the seven cases showed lymph node metastases and only one survived over 25 weeks after surgical excision. The indicators of aggressivity were age (over 60), advanced stage (from IIIA to IV), E-cadherin negativity, and vimentin positivity. The immunoprofile indicated unfavorable prognosis for mesenchymal-type carcinomas (negativity for E-cadherin and positivity for vimentin, with membrane to nuclear translocation or negativity of β-catenin). The survivor showed an "epithelial-type adenocarcinoma with plasmacytoid dedifferentiation", with membrane positivity for E-cadherin and β-catenin and vimentin negativity. All of the cases expressed c-MET and were negative for HER-2. CONCLUSIONS Primary carcinoma with plasmacytoid morphology is a dedifferentiated variant of adenocarcinoma or poorly cohesive carcinomas. Vimentin positive dedifferentiated-poorly cohesive carcinomas should be considered as mesenchymal-type highly malignant carcinomas. This rare histologic variant of gastrointestinal cancer might respond to anti-c-MET tyrosine kinases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Kovacs
- 1Department of Pathology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Simona Gurzu
- 1Department of Pathology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
- 2Department of Pathology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
- 3Department of Pathology, Research Center (CCAMF), Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Calin Molnar
- 4Department of Surgery, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Mihaela Sincu
- 2Department of Pathology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Laura Banias
- 1Department of Pathology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Catalin Satala
- 2Department of Pathology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Ioan Jung
- 1Department of Pathology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lopez-Beltran A, Henriques V, Montironi R, Cimadamore A, Raspollini MR, Cheng L. Variants and new entities of bladder cancer. Histopathology 2018; 74:77-96. [DOI: 10.1111/his.13752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy; Polytechnic University of the Marche Region; School of Medicine; Ancona Italy
| | - Alessia Cimadamore
- Section of Pathological Anatomy; Polytechnic University of the Marche Region; School of Medicine; Ancona Italy
| | - Maria R Raspollini
- Histopathology and Molecular Diagnostics; University Hospital Careggi; Florence Italy
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis IN USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Athanazio DA, Souza VC. Current topics on prostate and bladder pathology. SURGICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s42047-018-0015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
|
43
|
Immunohistochemical Differentiation of Plasmacytoid Urothelial Carcinoma From Secondary Carcinoma Involvement of the Bladder. Am J Surg Pathol 2017; 41:1570-1575. [DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|