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Huang YH, Loftfield E, Argirion I, Adami HO, Albanes D, Chan AT, Fedirko V, Fraser GE, Freedman ND, Giles GG, Hartge P, Katzke V, Knutsen SF, Lacey J, Liao LM, Luo J, Milne RL, O’Brien KM, Peters U, Poynter JN, Purdue MP, Robien K, Sandin S, Sandler DP, Setiawan VW, Kang JH, Simon TG, Sinha R, VoPham T, Weinstein SJ, White E, Zhang X, Zhu B, McGlynn KA, Campbell PT, Lee MH, Koshiol J. Association of tea and coffee consumption and biliary tract cancer risk: The Biliary Tract Cancers Pooling Project. Hepatology 2024; 79:1324-1336. [PMID: 38758104 PMCID: PMC11101691 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Tea and coffee are widely consumed beverages worldwide. We evaluated their association with biliary tract cancer (BTC) incidence. APPROACH AND RESULTS We pooled data from 15 studies in the Biliary Tract Cancers Pooling Project to evaluate associations between tea and coffee consumption and biliary tract cancer development. We categorized participants as nondrinkers (0 cup/day), moderate drinkers (>0 and <3 cups/day), and heavy drinkers (≥3 cups/day). We estimated multivariable HRs and 95% CIs using Cox models. During 29,911,744 person-years of follow-up, 851 gallbladder, 588 intrahepatic bile duct, 753 extrahepatic bile duct, and 458 ampulla of Vater cancer cases were diagnosed. Individuals who drank tea showed a statistically significantly lower incidence rate of gallbladder cancer (GBC) relative to tea nondrinkers (HR=0.77; 95% CI, 0.64-0.91), and intrahepatic bile duct cancer (IHBDC) had an inverse association (HR=0.81; 95% CI, 0.66-1.00). However, no associations were observed for extrahepatic bile duct cancer (EHBDC) or ampulla of Vater cancer (AVC). In contrast, coffee consumption was positively associated with GBC, with a higher incidence rate for individuals consuming more coffee (HR<3 cups/day =1.29; 95% CI, 1.01-1.66; HR≥3 cups/day =1.49; 95% CI, 1.11-1.99, Ptrend=0.01) relative to coffee nondrinkers. However, there was no association between coffee consumption and GBC when restricted to coffee drinkers. There was little evidence of associations between coffee consumption and other biliary tract cancers. CONCLUSIONS Tea consumption was associated with a lower incidence of GBC and possibly IHBDC. Further research is warranted to replicate the observed positive association between coffee and GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Erikka Loftfield
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ilona Argirion
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Effectiveness Research Group, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Veronika Fedirko
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gary E. Fraser
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Neal D. Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patricia Hartge
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Verena Katzke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - James Lacey
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Linda M. Liao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Juhua Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Roger L. Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katie M. O’Brien
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jenny N. Poynter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mark P. Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Kim Robien
- Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sven Sandin
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dale P. Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Veronica W Setiawan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jae H Kang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tracey G. Simon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Trang VoPham
- Epidemiology Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephanie J. Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Emily White
- Epidemiology Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bin Zhu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Katherine A. McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Peter T. Campbell
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mei-Hsuan Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jill Koshiol
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
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Effects of Coffee on the Gastro-Intestinal Tract: A Narrative Review and Literature Update. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020399. [PMID: 35057580 PMCID: PMC8778943 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present research was to review the state of the art on the consequences of drinking coffee at the different levels of the gastrointestinal tract. At some steps of the digestive process, the effects of coffee consumption seem rather clear. This is the case for the stimulation of gastric acid secretion, the stimulation of biliary and pancreatic secretion, the reduction of gallstone risk, the stimulation of colic motility, and changes in the composition of gut microbiota. Other aspects are still controversial, such as the possibility for coffee to affect gastro-esophageal reflux, peptic ulcers, and intestinal inflammatory diseases. This review also includes a brief summary on the lack of association between coffee consumption and cancer of the different digestive organs, and points to the powerful protective effect of coffee against the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. This review reports the available evidence on different topics and identifies the areas that would most benefit from additional studies.
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Nordestgaard AT, Stender S, Nordestgaard BG, Tybjaerg-Hansen A. Coffee intake protects against symptomatic gallstone disease in the general population: a Mendelian randomization study. J Intern Med 2020; 287:42-53. [PMID: 31486166 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Coffee intake is associated with low risk of symptomatic gallstone disease (GSD). We tested the hypothesis that high coffee intake causally protects against symptomatic GSD using a Mendelian randomization design. METHODS First, we tested whether high coffee intake was associated with low risk of GSD in 104 493 individuals from the general population. Mean follow-up was 8 years (range: <1-13 years). Secondly, we tested whether two genetic variants near CYP1A1/A2 (rs2472297) and AHR (rs4410790), combined as an allele score, were associated with higher coffee intake measured as a continuous variable. Thirdly, we tested whether the allele score was associated with lower risk of GSD in 114 220 individuals including 7294 gallstone events. Mean follow-up was 38 years (range: <1-40 years). RESULTS In observational analysis, those with coffee intake of >6 cups daily had 23% lower risk of GSD compared to individuals without coffee intake [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.77 (95% confidence interval: 0.61-0.94)]. In genetic analysis, there was a stepwise higher coffee intake of up to 41% (caffeine per day) in individuals with 4 (highest) versus 0 (lowest) coffee intake alleles (P for trend = 3 x 10-178 ) and a corresponding stepwise lower risk of GSD up to 19%[HR = 0.81 (0.69-0.96)]. The estimated observational odds ratio for GSD for a one cup per day higher coffee intake was 0.97 (0.96-0.98), equal to 3% lower risk. The corresponding genetic odds ratio was 0.89 (0.83-0.95), equal to 11% lower risk. CONCLUSION High coffee intake is associated observationally with low risk of GSD, and with genetic evidence to support a causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University Hospitals and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Stender
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University Hospitals and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University Hospitals and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg and Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Tybjaerg-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University Hospitals and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg and Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Di Ciaula A, Garruti G, Frühbeck G, De Angelis M, de Bari O, Wang DQH, Lammert F, Portincasa P. The Role of Diet in the Pathogenesis of Cholesterol Gallstones. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3620-3638. [PMID: 28554328 PMCID: PMC8118138 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170530080636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol gallstone disease is a major health problem in Westernized countries and depends on a complex interplay between genetic factors, lifestyle and diet, acting on specific pathogenic mechanisms. Overweigh, obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and altered cholesterol homeostasis have been linked to increased gallstone occurrence, and several studies point to a number of specific nutrients as risk- or protective factors with respect to gallstone formation in humans. There is a rising interest in the identification of common and modifiable dietetic factors that put the patients at risk of gallstones or that are able to prevent gallstone formation and growth. In particular, dietary models characterized by increased energy intake with highly refined sugars and sweet foods, high fructose intake, low fiber contents, high fat, consumption of fast food and low vitamin C intake increase the risk of gallstone formation. On the other hand, high intake of monounsaturated fats and fiber, olive oil and fish (ω-3 fatty acids) consumption, vegetable protein intake, fruit, coffee, moderate alcohol consumption and vitamin C supplementation exert a protective role. The effect of some confounding factors (e.g., physical activity) cannot be ruled out, but general recommendations about the multiple beneficial effects of diet on cholesterol gallstones must be kept in mind, in particular in groups at high risk of gallstone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriella Garruti
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplants, Section of Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Dept Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Navarra Medical School, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology
| | - Ornella de Bari
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology
| | - David Q.-H. Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Frank Lammert
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology
- Address correspondence to this author at the University of Bari Medical School, Clinica Medica “A. Murri”; Department of Biosciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), Policlinico Hospital - 70124 Bari, Italy; Tel: +39-080-5478227; Fax: +39-080-5478232;
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EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of gallstones. J Hepatol 2016; 65:146-181. [PMID: 27085810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Portincasa P, Di Ciaula A, Grattagliano I. Preventing a Mass Disease: The Case of Gallstones Disease: Role and Competence for Family Physicians. Korean J Fam Med 2016; 37:205-13. [PMID: 27468338 PMCID: PMC4961852 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.2016.37.4.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallstone formation is the result of a complex interaction between genetic and nongenetic factors. We searched and reviewed the available literature to define how the primary prevention of gallstones (cholesterol gallstones in particular) could be applied in general practice. Electronic bibliographical databases were searched. Prospective and retrospective cohort studies and case-controlled studies were analyzed and graded for evidence quality. The epidemiological data confirmed that genetic factors are estimated to account for only approximately 25% of the overall risk of gallstones, while metabolic/environmental factors are at least partially modifiable in stone-free risk groups, and are thus modifiable by primary prevention measures related to diet, lifestyle, and environmental factors (i.e., rapid weight loss, bariatric surgery, somatostatin or analogues therapy, transient gallbladder stasis, and hormone therapy). There is no specific recommendation for the secondary prevention of recurrent gallstones. Family physicians can contribute to preventing gallstones due to their capability to identify and effectively manage several risk factors discussed in this study. Although further studies are needed to better elucidate the involvement of epigenetic factors that may regulate the effect of environment and lifestyle on gene expression in the primary prevention of gallstone formation, preventive interventions are feasible and advisable in the general practice setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Portincasa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica "A. Murri", University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
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Portincasa P, Di Ciaula A, de Bari O, Garruti G, Palmieri VO, Wang DQH. Management of gallstones and its related complications. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 10:93-112. [PMID: 26560258 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2016.1109445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The majority of gallstone patients remain asymptomatic; however, interest toward the gallstone disease is continuing because of the high worldwide prevalence and management costs and the development of gallstone symptoms and complications. For cholesterol gallstone disease, moreover, a strong link exists between this disease and highly prevalent metabolic disorders such as obesity, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia and the metabolic syndrome. Information on the natural history as well as the diagnostic, surgical (mainly laparoscopic cholecystectomy) and medical tools available to facilitate adequate management of cholelithiasis and its complications are, therefore, crucial to prevent the negative outcomes of gallstone disease. Moreover, some risk factors for gallstone disease are modifiable and some preventive strategies have become necessary to reduce the onset and the severity of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Portincasa
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica "A. Murri" , University of Bari Medical School , Bari , Italy
| | - A Di Ciaula
- b Division of Internal Medicine , Hospital of Bisceglie , Bisceglie , Italy
| | - O de Bari
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica "A. Murri" , University of Bari Medical School , Bari , Italy
- d Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Saint Louis University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - G Garruti
- c Department of Emergency and Organ Transplants, Section of Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases , University of Bari Medical School , Bari , Italy
| | - V O Palmieri
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica "A. Murri" , University of Bari Medical School , Bari , Italy
| | - D Q-H Wang
- d Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Saint Louis University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
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Zhang YP, Li WQ, Sun YL, Zhu RT, Wang WJ. Systematic review with meta-analysis: coffee consumption and the risk of gallstone disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2015. [PMID: 26198295 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic evidence on coffee consumption reducing the risk of gallstone disease has been contradictory. AIM To perform a meta-analysis of observational studies, to investigate an association and dose-response of coffee consumption with gallstone disease. METHODS We used PubMed and EMBASE databases to identify all published studies before June 2015. A random-effects model was used to compute a pooled relative risk (RR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS One case-control study and five prospective cohort studies (with seven cohorts) involving 227,749 participants and 11,477 gallstone disease cases were included. Coffee consumption was significantly associated with a reduced risk of gallstone disease (RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.89; I(2) = 35.9%), based on prospective studies; specifically, we observed an inverse relation in females, but not in males. The case-control study did not reveal any association between coffee and gallstone disease (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.64 to 1.53). In a dose-response analysis, the RR of gallstone disease was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.91 to 1.00; P = 0.049) per 1 cup/day of coffee consumption. A significant nonlinear dose-response association was also identified (P for nonlinearity = 0.0106). For people who drank 2, 4 and 6 cups of coffee per day, the estimated RRs of gallstone disease were 0.89 (95% CI, 0.79 to 0.99), 0.81 (95% CI, 0.72 to 0.92) and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.64 to 0.88), respectively, compared with the lowest level drinkers. CONCLUSION This study suggests that coffee consumption is related to a significantly decreased risk of gallstone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-P Zhang
- Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, School of Medicine, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - W-Q Li
- Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, School of Medicine, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Y-L Sun
- Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, School of Medicine, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - R-T Zhu
- Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, School of Medicine, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - W-J Wang
- Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, School of Medicine, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Nordenvall C, Oskarsson V, Wolk A. Inverse association between coffee consumption and risk of cholecystectomy in women but not in men. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 13:1096-1102.e1. [PMID: 25245628 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2014.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS There is conflicting epidemiologic evidence on whether coffee consumption reduces the risk of gallstone disease. We examined the association between coffee consumption and risk of cholecystectomy (as a proxy for symptomatic gallstone disease) in a prospective cohort study. METHODS We collected data from 30,989 women (born 1914-1948) and 40,936 men (born 1918-1952) from the Swedish Mammography Cohort and the Cohort of Swedish Men. Baseline information on coffee consumption was collected by using a food-frequency questionnaire; subjects were followed up for procedures of cholecystectomy from 1998 through 2011 by linkage to the Swedish Patient Register. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated by using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS During a total follow-up period of 905,933 person-years, we identified 1057 women and 962 men who had undergone a cholecystectomy. After adjustment for potential confounders, the HR of cholecystectomy was 0.58 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44-0.78) for women who drank ≥6 cups of coffee/day compared with women who drank <2 cups/day. In contrast, there was no association in men (HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.75-1.24). Because of this sex difference, we examined and found evidence of effect modification by menopausal status and use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) (Pinteraction = .026). An inverse association was observed only in women who were premenopausal (HR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.05-0.55) or used HRT (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.28-0.70). CONCLUSIONS We observed an inverse association between coffee consumption and risk of cholecystectomy in women who were premenopausal or used HRT but not in other women or in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Nordenvall
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Viktor Oskarsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Saab S, Mallam D, Cox GA, Tong MJ. Impact of coffee on liver diseases: a systematic review. Liver Int 2014; 34:495-504. [PMID: 24102757 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Coffee is one of the most commonly consumed beverages in the world. Its health benefits including improved overall survival have been demonstrated in a variety of disease states. To examine the association of coffee consumption with liver disease, a systematic review of studies on the effects of coffee on liver associated laboratory tests, viral hepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was performed. Coffee consumption was associated with improved serum gamma glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase values in a dose dependent manner in individuals at risk for liver disease. In chronic liver disease patients who consume coffee, a decreased risk of progression to cirrhosis, a lowered mortality rate in cirrhosis patients, and a lowered rate of HCC development were observed. In chronic hepatitis C patients, coffee was associated with improved virologic responses to antiviral therapy. Moreover, coffee consumption was inversely related to the severity of steatohepatitis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Therefore, in patients with chronic liver disease, daily coffee consumption should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sammy Saab
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Relationship of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with cholecystectomy in the US population. Am J Gastroenterol 2013; 108:952-8. [PMID: 23545713 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2013.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Other than weight-related conditions, risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are not well defined. We investigated the association of gallstones and cholecystectomy with NAFLD in a large, national, population-based study. METHODS Among adult participants in the third US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994, ultrasonography for gallstone disease was performed, and videotapes were subsequently evaluated for NAFLD. Odds ratios (ORs) for the association of gallstone disease with NAFLD were calculated using logistic regression analysis to adjust for common associated factors. RESULTS Among 12,232 participants without viral hepatitis or significant alcohol intake, the prevalence of gallstones was 7.4%, cholecystectomy 5.6%, and NAFLD 20.0%. Participants with cholecystectomy had higher age-sex-adjusted prevalence of NAFLD (48.4%) than those with gallstones (34.4%) or without gallstone disease (17.9%) (P<0.01 for all comparisons). Controlling for numerous factors associated with both NAFLD and gallstone disease, multivariate-adjusted analysis confirmed the association of NAFLD with cholecystectomy (OR=2.4; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.8-3.3), but not with gallstones (OR=1.1; 95% CI: 0.84-1.4). CONCLUSIONS The association of NAFLD with cholecystectomy, but not with gallstones, indicates that cholecystectomy may itself be a risk factor for NAFLD.
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Figurski AC. Cholelithiasis. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-1793-8.00096-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ruhl CE, Everhart JE. Gallstone disease is associated with increased mortality in the United States. Gastroenterology 2011; 140:508-16. [PMID: 21075109 PMCID: PMC3060665 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Gallstones are common and contribute to morbidity and health care costs, but their effects on mortality are unclear. We examined whether gallstone disease was associated with overall and cause-specific mortalities in a prospective national population-based sample. METHODS We analyzed data from 14,228 participants in the third US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (20-74 years old) who underwent gallbladder ultrasonography from 1988 to 1994. Gallstone disease was defined as ultrasound-documented gallstones or evidence of cholecystectomy. The underlying cause of death was identified from death certificates collected through 2006 (mean follow-up, 14.3 years). Mortality hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to adjust for multiple demographic and cardiovascular disease risk factors. RESULTS The prevalence of gallstones was 7.1% and of cholecystectomy was 5.3%. During a follow-up period of 18 years or more, the cumulative mortality was 16.5% from all causes (2389 deaths), 6.7% from cardiovascular disease (886 deaths), and 4.9% from cancer (651 deaths). Participants with gallstone disease had higher all-cause mortality in age-adjusted (HR = 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-1.5) and multivariate-adjusted analysis (HR = 1.3; 95% CI: 1.1-1.5). A similar increase was observed for cardiovascular disease mortality (multivariate-adjusted HR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.2-1.7), and cancer mortality (multivariate-adjusted HR = 1.3; 95% CI: 0.98-1.8). Individuals with gallstones had a similar increase in risk of death as those with cholecystectomy (multivariate-adjusted HR = 1.1; 95% CI: 0.92-1.4). CONCLUSIONS In the US population, persons with gallstone disease have increased mortality overall and mortalities from cardiovascular disease and cancer. This relationship was found for both ultrasound-diagnosed gallstones and cholecystectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance E Ruhl
- Social and Scientific Systems, Inc, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, USA.
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The effect of alcohol, tobacco and caffeine consumption and vegetarian diet on gallstone prevalence. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 22:1345-51. [PMID: 20802339 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0b013e32833efdb2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of alcohol, tobacco and caffeine consumption and of vegetarian diet on gallstone prevalence in an urban population sample. METHODS A total of 2417 individuals underwent ultrasound examination and completed a standardized questionnaire as part of the EMIL study. Statistical analysis of the data considered the known risk factors of age, female sex, BMI, positive family history and potential confounders, such as alcohol, caffeine and tobacco consumption and vegetarian diet using multiple logistic regression with variable selection. RESULTS The prevalence of gallstones in the population sample was 8% (171 out of 2147). Findings of the study confirmed the classic risk factors of age, female sex, obesity and positive family history. After the variable selection of potential risk factors in a logistic regression that was adjusted for age, female sex, BMI and positive family history, the factors like tobacco [odds ratio (OR) 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.76-1.56, P=0.64] and caffeine consumption (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.42-1.42, P=0.40) as well as vegetarian diet (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 0.39-3.35, P=0.81) had no effect on gallstone prevalence. A protective effect against development of gallstones was shown for alcohol consumption (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.46-0.99, P=0.04). CONCLUSION The factors like tobacco and caffeine consumption as well as vegetarian diet exerted no measurable effect on the prevalence of gallstones. A protective effect was found for alcohol consumption.
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de la Figuera von Wichmann M. Consumo de café y sistema hepatobiliar. Med Clin (Barc) 2008; 131:594-7. [DOI: 10.1157/13128021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Definitions of functional food vary but are essentially based on foods' ability to enhance the quality of life, or physical and mental performance, of regular consumers. The worldwide use of coffee for social engagement, leisure, enhancement of work performance and well-being is widely recognised. Depending on the quantities consumed, it can affect the intake of some minerals (K, Mg, Mn, Cr), niacin and antioxidant substances. Epidemiological and experimental studies have shown positive effects of regular coffee-drinking on various aspects of health, such as psychoactive responses (alertness, mood change), neurological (infant hyperactivity, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases) and metabolic disorders (diabetes, gallstones, liver cirrhosis), and gonad and liver function. Despite this, most reviews do not mention coffee as fulfilling the criteria for a functional food. Unlike other functional foods that act on a defined population with a special effect, the wide use of coffee-drinking impacts a broad demographic (from children to the elderly), with a wide spectrum of health benefits. The present paper discusses coffee-drinking and health benefits that support the concept of coffee as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- José G Dórea
- Department of Nutrition, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil.
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Cuevas A, Miquel JF, Reyes MS, Zanlungo S, Nervi F. Diet as a risk factor for cholesterol gallstone disease. J Am Coll Nutr 2004; 23:187-96. [PMID: 15190042 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2004.10719360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol gallstone disease is a common condition in western populations. The etiology is multifactorial with interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Obesity, aging, estrogen treatment, pregnancy and diabetes are consistently associated to a higher risk. A number of dietary factors have been involved in the pathogenesis of cholelithiasis. In this article we summarize several studies that have evaluated the role of diet as a potential risk factor for gallstone formation, including energy intake, cholesterol, fatty acids, fiber, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals, and alcohol intake. Consumption of simple sugars and saturated fat has been mostly associated to a higher risk, while fiber intake and moderate consumption of alcohol, consistently reduce the risk. The association between cholesterol intake and gallstone disease has been variable in different studies. The effects of other dietary factors are less conclusive; additional studies are therefore necessary to clarify their relevance in the pathogenesis of gallstone disease. Recent discoveries of the role of orphan nuclear receptors in the regulation of fatty acid and hepatic cholesterol metabolism and excretion open new perspectives for a better understanding of the role of dietary constituents on cholesterol gallstone formation. KEY TEACHING POINTS: The etiology of cholesterol gallstone disease is multifactorial with interaction between genome and environment. It has been postulated that dietary constituents are important determinants for the formation of lithogenic bile. Intake of high energy, simple sugar and saturated fat favors gallstone formation. Fiber and moderate consumption of alcohol reduce the risk. The role of orphan nuclear receptors in the regulation of hepatic cholesterol metabolism and excretion open new leads for understanding the role of dietary constituents on cholesterol gallstone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Cuevas
- Departmento de Nutrición, Diabetes, y Metabolismo, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Halldestam I, Enell EL, Kullman E, Borch K. Development of symptoms and complications in individuals with asymptomatic gallstones. Br J Surg 2004; 91:734-8. [PMID: 15164444 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.4547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gallbladder stones are common in the developed world. Complications of gallstones contribute substantially to healthcare costs and may be life threatening. The identification of individuals likely to develop complications would be of benefit in clinical practice as elective cholecystectomy could then be performed. METHODS Seven hundred and thirty-nine subjects aged 35-85 years from the general population were screened for gallbladder problems by ultrasonography and questionnaire assessment of putative risk factors and digestive symptoms. Gallstones, cholesterolosis or sludge in the gallbladder were diagnosed in 123 (16.3 per cent) of 739 subjects, 120 of whom were followed for a median of 87 (range 3-146) months to May 2003 or until treatment was required. RESULTS Fourteen patients were admitted to hospital and treated for gallstone-related complications or symptoms. The cumulative risk of being treated during the first 5 years after detection of asymptomatic gallstones was 7.6 per cent and there was no indication of this risk levelling off. There were no significant differences between treated and untreated subjects with regard to digestive symptoms or any of the risk factors monitored at the initial screening, although treated subjects were significantly younger than those who were not treated. CONCLUSION Nearly one in ten individuals with asymptomatic gallbladder stones in the general population may be expected to develop symptoms or complications that require treatment within 5 years. Age may be inversely related to the incidence of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Halldestam
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Linköping, SE-58185 Linköping, Sweden
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Leitzmann MF, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Spiegelman D, Colditz GA, Giovannucci EL. Coffee intake is associated with lower risk of symptomatic gallstone disease in women. Gastroenterology 2002; 123:1823-30. [PMID: 12454839 DOI: 10.1053/gast.2002.37054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Metabolic studies have shown that coffee affects several hepatobiliary processes that are involved in cholesterol lithogenesis. We previously showed that coffee drinking was associated with a lower risk of symptomatic gallstone disease in men. METHODS We prospectively examined the association between coffee drinking and cholecystectomy, a surrogate of symptomatic gallstone disease, in a cohort of 80,898 women age 34-59 years in 1980 who had no history of gallstone disease. Coffee consumption and cholecystectomy were reported by participants on biennial mailed questionnaires. RESULTS During 20 years of follow-up to the year 2000, 7,811 women reported a cholecystectomy. Compared with women who consistently reported consuming no caffeinated coffee, the multivariate relative risks (adjusting for risk factors for gallstone disease) of cholecystectomy comparing increasing categories of consistent intake of caffeinated coffee (0, 1, 2-3, and > or =4 cups/day) were 1.0, 0.91, 0.78, and 0.72 (95% confidence interval comparing extreme categories, 0.62-0.84; P value of test for trend < 0.0001). Caffeine intake from beverages and dietary sources was also inversely associated with risk of cholecystectomy. The multivariate relative risks comparing increasing categories of caffeine intake (< or =25, 26-100, 101-200, 201-400, 401-800, and >800 mg/day) were 1.0, 1.03, 1.01, 0.94, 0.85, and 0.85 (95% confidence interval comparing extreme categories, 0.74-0.96; P value of test for trend < 0.0001). In contrast, decaffeinated coffee was not associated with risk. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that consumption of caffeinated coffee may play a role in the prevention of symptomatic gallstone disease in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Leitzmann
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
Gallstones are estimated to affect over 20 million people in the United States. Recent studies have clarified the role of various dietary components in gallstone disease. Also, insulin resistance has been demonstrated to be a risk factor for gallstones. Other research has focused on the pathophysiology of gallstones and on clarifying the underlying mechanisms of previously noted risk factors for gallstones. New techniques for the noninvasive diagnosis of bile duct stones continue to be developed and tested. These techniques include computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiography. The impact and appropriateness of laparoscopic cholecystectomy continue to debated, and studies point to both overuse and underuse of this operation in the management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Veterans' Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington 98108, USA.
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