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Knez M, Ranić M, Gurinović M. Underutilized plants increase biodiversity, improve food and nutrition security, reduce malnutrition, and enhance human health and well-being. Let's put them back on the plate! Nutr Rev 2023:nuad103. [PMID: 37643733 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The global food system depends on a limited number of plant species. Plants with unsatisfactory nutritional value are overproduced, whereas the wide variety of nutrient-rich plant species used in earlier times remains neglected. Basing our diet on a few crops has wide-ranging negative consequences on nutrition and food security. Although still under-researched, underutilized plants are slowly starting to receive increased recognition. These plants have superior nutritional content and immense potential to contribute to food and nutrition security and increased sustainability. This narrative review provides evidence to encourage the promotion, domestication, and commercialization of underutilized plants. The anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer effects of some of underutilized plants are presented in this review. The outstanding ability of forgotten plants to increase food and nutrition security, boost dietary diversity, reduce malnutrition, and enhance human health and well-being is demonstrated. The main barriers and obstacles to reintroducing underutilized foods are reviewed and recommendations for overcoming nutrition and dietary-related challenges for re-establishing underutilized plants into the global food system are presented. The expansion of underutilized plants for human use is of paramount importance. The exceptional nutritional properties, bioactive potential, and proven health benefits of underutilized plants indicate that increased promotion, domestication, and commercialization of these plants should be strongly supported. Besides health benefits, marginalized plants have the potential to enhance human well-being and improve people's lives in many ways, retain biodiversity, and develop local economies. Therefore, underutilized plants should be used in the broader context of well-balanced and healthy diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Knez
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Capacity Development Network in Nutrition in Central and Eastern Europe, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Ranić
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Capacity Development Network in Nutrition in Central and Eastern Europe, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Gurinović
- Capacity Development Network in Nutrition in Central and Eastern Europe, Belgrade, Serbia
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Lu LW, Gao Y, Quek SY, Foster M, Eason CT, Liu M, Wang M, Chen JH, Chen F. The landscape of potential health benefits of carotenoids as natural supportive therapeutics in protecting against Coronavirus infection. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113625. [PMID: 36058151 PMCID: PMC9428603 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic urges researching possibilities for prevention and management of the effects of the virus. Carotenoids are natural phytochemicals of anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties and may exert potential in aiding in combatting the pandemic. This review presents the direct and indirect evidence of the health benefits of carotenoids and derivatives based on in vitro and in vivo studies, human clinical trials and epidemiological studies and proposes possible mechanisms of action via which carotenoids may have the capacity to protect against COVID-19 effects. The current evidence provides a rationale for considering carotenoids as natural supportive nutrients via antioxidant activities, including scavenging lipid-soluble radicals, reducing hypoxia-associated superoxide by activating antioxidant enzymes, or suppressing enzymes that produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Carotenoids may regulate COVID-19 induced over-production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, pro-inflammatory enzymes and adhesion molecules by nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) and interleukins-6- Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (IL-6-JAK/STAT) pathways and suppress the polarization of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage. Moreover, carotenoids may modulate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ by acting as agonists to alleviate COVID-19 symptoms. They also may potentially block the cellular receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). These activities may reduce the severity of COVID-19 and flu-like diseases. Thus, carotenoid supplementation may aid in combatting the pandemic, as well as seasonal flu. However, further in vitro, in vivo and in particular long-term clinical trials in COVID-19 patients are needed to evaluate this hypothesis.
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Marhuenda-Muñoz M, Domínguez-López I, Langohr K, Tresserra-Rimbau A, Martínez González MÁ, Salas-Salvadó J, Corella D, Zomeño MD, Martínez JA, Alonso-Gómez AM, Wärnberg J, Vioque J, Romaguera D, López-Miranda J, Estruch R, Tinahones FJ, Lapetra J, Serra-Majem L, Bueno-Cavanillas A, Tur JA, Martín-Sánchez V, Pintó X, Delgado-Rodríguez M, Matía-Martín P, Vidal J, Vázquez C, Daimiel L, Ros E, Toledo E, Fernández de la Puente Cervera M, Barragán R, Fitó M, Tojal-Sierra L, Gómez-Gracia E, Zazo JM, Morey M, García-Ríos A, Casas R, Gómez-Pérez AM, Santos-Lozano JM, Vázquez-Ruiz Z, Atzeni A, Asensio EM, Gili-Riu MM, Bullon V, Moreno-Rodriguez A, Lecea O, Babio N, Peñas Lopez F, Gómez Melis G, Lamuela-Raventós RM. Circulating carotenoids are associated with favorable lipid and fatty acid profiles in an older population at high cardiovascular risk. Front Nutr 2022; 9:967967. [PMID: 36245542 PMCID: PMC9557191 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.967967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoid intake has been reported to be associated with improved cardiovascular health, but there is little information on actual plasma concentrations of these compounds as biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk. The objective was to investigate the association between circulating plasma carotenoids and different cardiometabolic risk factors and the plasma fatty acid profile. This is a cross-sectional evaluation of baseline data conducted in a subcohort (106 women and 124 men) of an ongoing multi-factorial lifestyle trial for primary cardiovascular prevention. Plasma concentrations of carotenoids were quantified by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The associations between carotenoid concentrations and cardiometabolic risk factors were assessed using regression models adapted for interval-censored variables. Carotenoid concentrations were cross-sectionally inversely associated with serum triglyceride concentrations [−2.79 mg/dl (95% CI: −4.25, −1.34) and −5.15 mg/dl (95% CI: −7.38, −2.93), p-values = 0.0002 and <0.00001 in women and men, respectively], lower levels of plasma saturated fatty acids [−0.09% (95% CI: −0.14, −0.03) and −0.15 % (95% CI: −0.23, −0.08), p-values = 0.001 and 0.0001 in women and men, respectively], and higher levels of plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids [(0.12 % (95% CI: −0.01, 0.25) and 0.39 % (95% CI: 0.19, 0.59), p-values = 0.065 and 0.0001 in women and men, respectively] in the whole population. Plasma carotenoid concentrations were also associated with higher plasma HDL-cholesterol in women [0.47 mg/dl (95% CI: 0.23, 0.72), p-value: 0.0002], and lower fasting plasma glucose in men [−1.35 mg/dl (95% CI: −2.12, −0.59), p-value: 0.001].
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Affiliation(s)
- María Marhuenda-Muñoz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and XIA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Inés Domínguez-López
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and XIA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Klaus Langohr
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-Barcelona TECH, Jordi Girona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Tresserra-Rimbau
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and XIA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez González
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Dolores Zomeño
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Health Sciences, Blanquerna-Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Alfredo Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Cardiometabolic Nutrition Group, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel M. Alonso-Gómez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús Vioque
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Elche-Alicante, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José López-Miranda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Tinahones
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research Unit, Department of Family Medicine, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ll. Serra-Majem
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Centro Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil, Canarian Health Service, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Vicente Martín-Sánchez
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez
- Cardiometabolic Nutrition Group, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Pilar Matía-Martín
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal
- CIBER Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clotilde Vázquez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Fundación Jimenez Díaz, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, University Autonoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Daimiel
- Cardiometabolic Nutrition Group, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group, Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Fundación Jimenez Díaz, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, University Autonoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Fernández de la Puente Cervera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Rocío Barragán
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Montse Fitó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucas Tojal-Sierra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | | | - Juan Manuel Zazo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Marga Morey
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Ríos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rosa Casas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana M. Gómez-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - José Manuel Santos-Lozano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research Unit, Department of Family Medicine, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Zenaida Vázquez-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alessandro Atzeni
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Eva M. Asensio
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - M. Mar Gili-Riu
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Bullon
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Cardiometabolic Nutrition Group, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anai Moreno-Rodriguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Oscar Lecea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Family Medicine, Atención Primaria Servicio Navarro de Salud, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nancy Babio
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Francesca Peñas Lopez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Gómez Melis
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-Barcelona TECH, Jordi Girona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and XIA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- *Correspondence: Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós
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Pan F, Cui W, Gao L, Shi X, Yang H, Hu Y, Li M. Serum lutein is a promising biomarker for type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic kidney disease in the elderly. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24350. [PMID: 35293029 PMCID: PMC8993643 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the relationship between serum lutein and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in elderly individuals. Methods A total of 60 T2DM patients over 60 years were subgrouped into a DKD group and a non‐DKD group according to their urinary microalbumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (UACR), while 30 age‐matched non‐T2DM patients were recruited in the control group. Baseline characteristics, laboratory examination results, and serum lutein levels were compared, and their correlations were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to identify the diagnostic potential of lutein in T2DM and DKD. Results The lutein level in the T2DM group was significantly lower than that in the control group and was also significantly lower in the DKD group than in the non‐DKD group (p < 0.001). Lutein levels were negatively correlated with body mass index, glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, and UACR and positively correlated with high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.05). T2DM patients were divided into four groups according to the quartile of their lutein level. The proportion of T2DM and DKD gradually decreased with increasing lutein levels (p < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve of serum lutein in diagnosing T2DM and DKD was 0.880 and 0.779, respectively, with corresponding cut‐off values of 0.433 μmol/L and 0.197 μmol/L (p < 0.001). Conclusion The serum level of lutein is negatively correlated with the incidence of T2DM and DKD in the elderly and can serve as a diagnostic marker for T2DM and DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghui Pan
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxia Cui
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoting Shi
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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Tomatoes: An Extensive Review of the Associated Health Impacts of Tomatoes and Factors That Can Affect Their Cultivation. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020239. [PMID: 35205105 PMCID: PMC8869745 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The research outlined in this review paper discusses potential health benefits associated with a diet enriched with tomatoes and tomato products. This includes details of previous studies investigating the anticancer properties of tomatoes, protection against cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes, maintenance of a healthy gut microbiome, and improved skin health, fertility, immune response, and exercise recovery. The specific parts of a tomato fruit that contribute these health benefits are also outlined. The potential disadvantages to a tomato-rich diet are detailed, especially the consumption of supplements that contain compounds found in tomatoes, such as lycopene. This review also discusses how the cultivation of tomato plants can affect the nutritional value of the fruit harvested. Different environmental growing conditions such as light intensity, growing media, and temperature are explained in terms of the impact they have on the quality of fruit, its nutrient content, and hence the potential health benefits acquired from eating the fruit. Abstract This review outlines the health benefits associated with the regular consumption of tomatoes and tomato products. The first section provides a detailed account of the horticultural techniques that can impact the quality of the fruit and its nutritional properties, including water availability, light intensity, temperature, and growing media. The next section provides information on the components of tomato that are likely to contribute to its health effects. The review then details some of the health benefits associated with tomato consumption, including anticancer properties, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and skin health. This review also discusses the impact tomatoes can have on the gut microbiome and associated health benefits, including reducing the risk of inflammatory bowel diseases. Other health benefits of eating tomatoes are also discussed in relation to effects on diabetes, the immune response, exercise recovery, and fertility. Finally, this review also addresses the negative effects that can occur as a result of overconsumption of tomato products and lycopene supplements.
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Jiang YW, Sun ZH, Tong WW, yang K, Guo KQ, Liu G, Pan A. Dietary Intake and Circulating Concentrations of Carotenoids and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Observational Studies. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1723-1733. [PMID: 33979433 PMCID: PMC8483954 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous meta-analysis studies have indicated inverse associations between some carotenoids and risks of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all-cause mortality. However, the results for associations between carotenoids and type 2 diabetes (T2D) remain inconsistent and no systematic assessment has been done on this topic. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the associations of dietary intakes and circulating concentrations of carotenoids with risk of T2D. We searched PubMed and Ovid Embase from database inception to July 2020. Prospective observational studies of carotenoids and T2D risk were included. Random-effects models were used to summarize the RRs and 95% CIs. Thirteen publications were included. Dietary intake of β-carotene was inversely associated with the risk of T2D, and the pooled RR comparing the highest with the lowest categories was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.70, 0.87; I2 = 13.7%; n = 6); inverse associations were also found for total carotenoids (n = 2), α-carotene (n = 4), and lutein/zeaxanthin (n = 4), with pooled RRs ranging from 0.80 to 0.91, whereas no significant associations were observed for β-cryptoxanthin and lycopene. Circulating concentration of β-carotene was associated with a lower risk of T2D, and the pooled RR comparing extreme categories was 0.60 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.78; I2 = 56.2%; n = 7); inverse associations were also found for total carotenoids (n = 3), lycopene (n = 4), and lutein (n = 2), with pooled RRs ranging from 0.63 to 0.85, whereas no significant association was found for circulating concentrations of α-carotene and zeaxanthin when comparing extreme categories. Dose-response analysis indicated that nonlinear relations were observed for circulating concentrations of α-carotene, β-carotene, lutein, and total carotenoids (all P-nonlinearity < 0.05), but not for other carotenoids or dietary exposures. In conclusion, higher dietary intakes and circulating concentrations of total carotenoids, especially β-carotene, were associated with a lower risk of T2D. More studies are needed to confirm the causality and explore the role of foods rich in carotenoids in prevention of T2D. This systematic review was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero as CRD42020196616.
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Affiliation(s)
- yi-Wen Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhong-Han Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Wei Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Kun yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Kun-Quan Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Address correspondence to GL (E-mail: )
| | - An Pan
- Address correspondence to AP (E-mail: )
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Alzobaidi N, Quasimi H, Emad NA, Alhalmi A, Naqvi M. Bioactive Compounds and Traditional Herbal Medicine: Promising Approaches for the Treatment of Dementia. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2021; 11:1-14. [PMID: 33880073 PMCID: PMC8051957 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s299589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a term that encompasses a group of clinical symptoms affecting memory, thinking and social abilities, characterized by progressive impairment of memory performance and cognitive functions. There are several factors involved in the pathogenesis and progression of dementia, such as old age, brain ischemia, toxin exposure, and oxidative stress. There are extensive similarities between dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) either in clinical manifestations or experimental animal models. AD is the most dominant form of dementia, characterized by the accumulation of beta-amyloid protein and cholinergic neurotransmission deficits in the brain. Currently available medications for the treatment of dementia, such as choline esterase inhibitors, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists (memantine), have short-term efficacy and only relieve symptoms rather than targeting the main underlying pathogenesis. Several animal studies and clinical trials are being conducted to provide a rational approach to these medicinal plants in the prevention or treatment of memory deficits. This review highlights the potential effects of medicinal plants and their derived lead molecules, and explains the related mechanisms and effects reviewed from published literature as major thrust aspects and hopeful strategies in the prevention or treatment of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafaa Alzobaidi
- Department of Pharmacology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (HIMSR), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Huma Quasimi
- Department of Physiology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (HIMSR), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Nasr A Emad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Abdulsalam Alhalmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Aden University, Aden, Yemen
| | - Maaz Naqvi
- Department of Pharmacology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (HIMSR), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Mishra SB, Kumari N. Engineering of Crystalline Nano-Suspension of Lycopene for Potential Management of Oxidative Stress–Linked Diabetes in Experimental Animals. BIONANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-021-00843-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Zheng JS, Sharp SJ, Imamura F, Chowdhury R, Gundersen TE, Steur M, Sluijs I, van der Schouw YT, Agudo A, Aune D, Barricarte A, Boeing H, Chirlaque MD, Dorronsoro M, Freisling H, El-Fatouhi D, Franks PW, Fagherazzi G, Grioni S, Gunter MJ, Kyrø C, Katzke V, Kühn T, Khaw KT, Laouali N, Masala G, Nilsson PM, Overvad K, Panico S, Papier K, Quirós JR, Rolandsson O, Redondo-Sánchez D, Ricceri F, Schulze MB, Spijkerman AMW, Tjønneland A, Tong TYN, Tumino R, Weiderpass E, Danesh J, Butterworth AS, Riboli E, Forouhi NG, Wareham NJ. Association of plasma biomarkers of fruit and vegetable intake with incident type 2 diabetes: EPIC-InterAct case-cohort study in eight European countries. BMJ 2020; 370:m2194. [PMID: 32641421 PMCID: PMC7341350 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m2194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of plasma vitamin C and carotenoids, as indicators of fruit and vegetable intake, with the risk of type 2 diabetes. DESIGN Prospective case-cohort study. SETTING Populations from eight European countries. PARTICIPANTS 9754 participants with incident type 2 diabetes, and a subcohort of 13 662 individuals from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort of 340 234 participants: EPIC-InterAct case-cohort study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Incident type 2 diabetes. RESULTS In a multivariable adjusted model, higher plasma vitamin C was associated with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes (hazard ratio per standard deviation 0.82, 95% confidence interval 0.76 to 0.89). A similar inverse association was shown for total carotenoids (hazard ratio per standard deviation 0.75, 0.68 to 0.82). A composite biomarker score (split into five equal groups), comprising vitamin C and individual carotenoids, was inversely associated with type 2 diabetes with hazard ratios 0.77, 0.66, 0.59, and 0.50 for groups 2-5 compared with group 1 (the lowest group). Self-reported median fruit and vegetable intake was 274 g/day, 396 g/day, and 508 g/day for participants in categories defined by groups 1, 3, and 5 of the composite biomarker score, respectively. One standard deviation difference in the composite biomarker score, equivalent to a 66 (95% confidence interval 61 to 71) g/day difference in total fruit and vegetable intake, was associated with a hazard ratio of 0.75 (0.67 to 0.83). This would be equivalent to an absolute risk reduction of 0.95 per 1000 person years of follow up if achieved across an entire population with the characteristics of the eight European countries included in this analysis. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate an inverse association between plasma vitamin C, carotenoids, and their composite biomarker score, and incident type 2 diabetes in different European countries. These biomarkers are objective indicators of fruit and vegetable consumption, and suggest that diets rich in even modestly higher fruit and vegetable consumption could help to prevent development of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Sheng Zheng
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Stephen J Sharp
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Fumiaki Imamura
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Rajiv Chowdhury
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Marinka Steur
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ivonne Sluijs
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Yvonne T van der Schouw
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Group of Research on Nutrition and Cancer, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet of Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Nutrition, Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - María-Dolores Chirlaque
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia University, Murcia, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Douae El-Fatouhi
- Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, UMR 1018 Inserm, Institut Gustave Roussy, Paris-Sud Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Paul W Franks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Guy Fagherazzi
- Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, UMR 1018 Inserm, Institut Gustave Roussy, Paris-Sud Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
- Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Department of Population Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Sara Grioni
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Marc J Gunter
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Cecilie Kyrø
- Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Verena Katzke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nasser Laouali
- Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, UMR 1018 Inserm, Institut Gustave Roussy, Paris-Sud Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, Florence, Italy
| | - Peter M Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Keren Papier
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Olov Rolandsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Daniel Redondo-Sánchez
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Biosanitary Research of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Unit of Epidemiology, Regional Health Service ASL TO3, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | | | - Tammy Y N Tong
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale, Ragusa, Italy
| | | | - John Danesh
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cambridge Centre of Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adam S Butterworth
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elio Riboli
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nita G Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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Serum carotenoid concentrations and their association with ethnic differences in type 2 diabetes within the Healthy Life in an Urban Setting (HELIUS) study. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:1362-1371. [PMID: 32366346 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019004968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have reported an inverse association between a diet rich in fruits and vegetables and type 2 diabetes (T2D), but data on high-risk ethnic minority groups is limited. We investigated whether serum carotenoids, as biomarkers for fruit and vegetable intake, mediate ethnic differences in the prevalence of T2D. DESIGN Age-adjusted serum carotenoid concentrations were compared using ANCOVA. A cross-sectional analysis was performed using Cox regression to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and their 95 % CI of the association between serum carotenoid concentrations and T2D. To study whether serum carotenoids potentially mediate the differences in the prevalence of T2D across ethnic groups, we compared PR of the model including known risk factors and the model additionally adjusted for serum carotenoid concentrations using the Dutch group as reference. SETTING A study among six ethnic groups living in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS Data on 204 Dutch, 203 South Asian Surinamese, 204 African Surinamese, 203 Turkish and 200 Moroccan-origin participants from the Healthy Life in an Urban Setting (HELIUS) study were used. RESULTS Serum carotenoid concentrations differed across ethnic groups. After adjusting for confounders, the serum concentrations of total carotenoids (PR 0·67, 95 % CI 0·54, 0·84), α-carotene (PR 0·57, 95 % CI 0·42, 0·77), β-carotene (PR 0·45, 95 % CI 0·32, 0·63) and β-cryptoxanthin (PR 0·73, 95 % CI 0·58, 0·92) were inversely associated with T2D. Despite the associations, serum carotenoids did not mediate the ethnic differences in the prevalence of T2D. CONCLUSIONS The limited contribution of serum carotenoids to ethnic differences in T2D suggests that a focus on increasing fruit and vegetable intake alone will not likely eliminate ethnic differences in T2D prevalence.
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Beydoun MA, Chen X, Jha K, Beydoun HA, Zonderman AB, Canas JA. Carotenoids, vitamin A, and their association with the metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2020; 77:32-45. [PMID: 30202882 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuy044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Modifiable factors that reduce the burden of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), particularly plant-derived biomarkers, have been a recent focus of rising interest. Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis, which follows PRISMA guidelines, evaluates evidence from a period of 20 years that links vitamin A and carotenoids with the occurrence of MetS and following the PRISMA guidelines. Data Sources PubMed and Cochrane databases (January 1997 through March 2017) were systematically assessed for studies, including case-control, cross-sectional, and cohort studies, that evaluated the associations of MetS with carotenoids and retinyl esters and retinol (vitamin A). Data Extraction Key measures of associations were harmonized into odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of MetS per 1 standard deviation (SD) of exposure using forest plots and random effects models that pooled data points from 11 cross-sectional studies. Begg's funnel and harvest plots were constructed. Results An inverse association between total carotenoids and MetS was found [ORpooled, 0.66; 95%CI, 0.56-0.78; 1 SD ∼ 0.82 µmol/L; n = 5 studies]. This association was the strongest for β-carotene, followed by α-carotene and β-crypotoxanthin. No association was detected between retinol and MetS (ORpooled, 1.00; 95%CI, 0.88-1.13; 1 SD ∼ 2.14 µmol/L; n = 6 studies). Publication bias was absent, and harvest plots indicated consistency upon replication for β-carotene and total carotenoid exposures. Conclusions This review and meta-analysis suggests that, unlike retinol, total and individual carotenoids were inversely related to MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- May A Beydoun
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kanishk Jha
- Nemours Children's Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Hind A Beydoun
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jose A Canas
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
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The association between intake of dietary lycopene and other carotenoids and gestational diabetes mellitus risk during mid-trimester: a cross-sectional study. Br J Nutr 2019; 121:1405-1412. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study aimed to determine whether increased carotenoids intake was associated with reduced risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We performed a cross-sectional analysis using data from Tongji Maternal and Child Health Cohort study. The dietary carotenoids intake of 1978 pregnant women was assessed using a researcher-administered FFQ before undertaking an oral glucose tolerance test at 24–28 weeks. Multivariate logistic and linear regression analyses were used to obtain the effect estimates. Participants in the highest quartile of lycopene intake showed a lower risk of GDM (OR 0·50; 95 % CI 0·29, 0·86; Pfor trend = 0·007) compared with those in the lowest quartile; each 1 mg increase in lycopene consumption was associated with a 5 % (95 % CI 0·91, 0·99; Pfor trend = 0·020) decrease in GDM risk. No significant association was found between α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin intake and GDM risk. Multiple linear regression analysis suggested an inverse association between lycopene intake and fasting blood glucose (FBG) (Pfor trend < 0·001); each 1 mg increase in lycopene intake was associated with 0·005 (95 % CI 0·002, 0·007; Pfor trend < 0·001) mmol/l decrease in FBG. Interaction analysis indicated consistent effect on each age or pre-BMI subgroup; however, a stronger protective effect of lycopene intake against GDM was observed among primigravid women (OR 0·20; 95 % CI 0·07, 0·55 in the highest v. the lowest quartile of intake; Pfor interaction = 0·036). In conclusion, dietary lycopene intake was mainly assumed via reducing FBG to decrease GDM risk, and the protection was relatively increased among primigravid women.
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Chen D, Huang C, Chen Z. A review for the pharmacological effect of lycopene in central nervous system disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:791-801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Ucci M, Di Tomo P, Tritschler F, Cordone VGP, Lanuti P, Bologna G, Di Silvestre S, Di Pietro N, Pipino C, Mandatori D, Formoso G, Pandolfi A. Anti-inflammatory Role of Carotenoids in Endothelial Cells Derived from Umbilical Cord of Women Affected by Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8184656. [PMID: 30918580 PMCID: PMC6409051 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8184656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress, promoting the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Several studies showed that a carotenoid-rich diet is associated to a reduced cardiovascular risk in healthy and diabetic subjects, although the mechanisms of action are still unknown. Here, the potential role of β-carotene (BC) and lycopene (Lyc) in human endothelial cells isolated from human umbilical cord vein (HUVECs) of women with gestational diabetes (GD) and respective controls (C) has been investigated. Results showed that BC and Lyc reduced the tumor necrosis factor alpha- (TNF-α-) stimulated monocyte-endothelium interaction (adhesion assay), membrane exposure (flow cytometry), and total expression levels (Western blot) of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in both cell types. Moreover, the treatment with BC and Lyc reduced the TNF-α-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB (image flow cytometry) by preserving bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO, flow cytometry, and cGMP EIA kit assay), a key vasoactive molecule. Notably, BC and Lyc pretreatment significantly reduced peroxynitrite levels (flow cytometry), contributing to the redox balance protection. These results suggest a new mechanism of action of carotenoids which exert vascular protective action in diabetic condition, thus reinforcing the importance of a carotenoid-rich diet in the prevention of diabetes cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Ucci
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d'Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento-Medicina Traslazionale, CeSI-MeT, “G. d'Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Pamela Di Tomo
- Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento-Medicina Traslazionale, CeSI-MeT, “G. d'Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. d'Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Federica Tritschler
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d'Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento-Medicina Traslazionale, CeSI-MeT, “G. d'Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo G. P. Cordone
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d'Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento-Medicina Traslazionale, CeSI-MeT, “G. d'Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento-Medicina Traslazionale, CeSI-MeT, “G. d'Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. d'Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Bologna
- Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento-Medicina Traslazionale, CeSI-MeT, “G. d'Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. d'Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara Di Silvestre
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d'Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento-Medicina Traslazionale, CeSI-MeT, “G. d'Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Natalia Di Pietro
- Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento-Medicina Traslazionale, CeSI-MeT, “G. d'Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. d'Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Caterina Pipino
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d'Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento-Medicina Traslazionale, CeSI-MeT, “G. d'Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Domitilla Mandatori
- Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento-Medicina Traslazionale, CeSI-MeT, “G. d'Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. d'Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gloria Formoso
- Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento-Medicina Traslazionale, CeSI-MeT, “G. d'Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. d'Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Assunta Pandolfi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d'Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento-Medicina Traslazionale, CeSI-MeT, “G. d'Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Li ZZ, Lu XZ, Ma CC, Chen L. Serum Lycopene Levels in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018; 20:719-23. [PMID: 20099237 DOI: 10.1177/112067211002000412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. Accumulating evidence indicates that oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Lycopene, a very potent antioxidant of carotenoids, has received considerable scientific interest in recent years for its potential role in the prevention of oxidative stress-related chronic diseases. This study was undertaken to investigate whether the serum levels of lycopene are altered between type 2 diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy. Methods. A total of 71 patients with type 2 diabetes were analyzed and compared with 23 nondiabetic healthy controls. Serum lycopene concentrations were assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results. Lycopene level was found to be significantly lower in diabetic patients than in controls (p=0.021). In the diabetic group, subjects with proliferative diabetic retinopathy had significantly lower lycopene levels than subjects without diabetic retinopathy or with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. In the analysis of correlations, hemoglobin A1c were negatively correlated with lycopene (r=–0.345, p=0.007) after multivariate adjustment. A stepwise linear multiple regression model revealed that age and hemoglobin A1c were significant determinants of lycopene. Conclusions. Our findings show that measuring serum lycopene is a novel convenient method for evaluating oxidative damage. Diabetic patients, especially those with advanced diabetic retinopathy, had significantly lower serum lycopene levels; this suggests that lycopene may be helpful for the diagnosis, severity, and therapeutic evaluation of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zuo Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan
| | | | - Chi-Cheng Ma
- Intensive Care Unit, the Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan City, Jinan - China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan
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16
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Carotenoids in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications: A mechanistic review. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:31-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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17
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Leermakers ET, Darweesh SK, Baena CP, Moreira EM, Melo van Lent D, Tielemans MJ, Muka T, Vitezova A, Chowdhury R, Bramer WM, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Felix JF, Franco OH. The effects of lutein on cardiometabolic health across the life course: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:481-94. [PMID: 26762372 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.120931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antioxidant lutein is suggested as being beneficial to cardiometabolic health because of its protective effect against oxidative stress, but evidence has not systematically been evaluated. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate systematically the effects of lutein (intake or concentrations) on cardiometabolic outcomes in different life stages. DESIGN This is a systematic review with meta-analysis of literature published in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar up to August 2014. Included were trials and cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies in which the association between lutein concentrations, dietary intake, or supplements and cardiometabolic outcomes was reported. Two independent investigators reviewed the articles. RESULTS Seventy-one relevant articles were identified that included a total of 387,569 participants. Only 1 article investigated the effects of lutein during pregnancy, and 3 studied lutein in children. Furthermore, 31 longitudinal, 33 cross-sectional, and 3 intervention studies were conducted in adults. Meta-analysis showed a lower risk of coronary heart disease (pooled RR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.80, 0.98) and stroke (pooled RR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.93) for the highest compared with the lowest tertile of lutein blood concentration or intake. There was no significant association with type 2 diabetes mellitus (pooled RR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.77, 1.22), but higher lutein was associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome (pooled RR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.92) for the highest compared with the lowest tertile. The literature on risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases showed that lutein might be beneficial for atherosclerosis and inflammatory markers, but there were inconsistent associations with blood pressure, adiposity, insulin resistance, and blood lipids. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that higher dietary intake and higher blood concentrations of lutein are generally associated with better cardiometabolic health. However, evidence mainly comes from observational studies in adults, whereas large-scale intervention studies and studies of lutein during pregnancy and childhood are scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristina P Baena
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rajiv Chowdhury
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Wichor M Bramer
- Medical Library, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Lutein intake at the age of 1 year and cardiometabolic health at the age of 6 years: the Generation R Study. Br J Nutr 2015; 114:970-8. [PMID: 26286042 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515002779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lutein is a carotenoid with strong antioxidant properties. Previous studies in adults suggest a beneficial role of lutein on cardiometabolic health. However, it is unknown whether this relation also exists in children; therefore, we aimed to assess the relation between lutein intake at 13 months of age and cardiometabolic outcomes at the age of 6 years. We included 2044 Dutch children participating in a population-based prospective cohort study. Diet was measured at 13 months of age with an FFQ. Lutein intake was standardised for energy and β-carotene intake. Blood pressure, anthropometrics, serum lipids and insulin were measured at the age of 6 years. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed to measure total and regional fat and lean mass. A continuous cardiometabolic risk factor score was created, including the components body fat percentage, blood pressure, insulin, HDL-cholesterol and TAG. Age- and sex-specific standard deviation scores were created for all outcomes. Multivariable linear regression was performed, including socio-demographic and lifestyle variables. Median (energy-standardised) lutein intake was 1317 mcg/d (95% range 87, 6069 mcg/d). There were no consistent associations between lutein intake at 13 months and anthropometrics and body composition measures at 6 years of age. In addition, lutein intake was not associated with a continuous cardiometabolic risk factor score, nor was it associated with any of the individual components of the cardiometabolic risk factor score. Results from this large population-based prospective cohort study do not support the hypothesis that lutein intake early in life has a beneficial role for later cardiometabolic health.
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Sluijs I, Cadier E, Beulens JWJ, van der A DL, Spijkerman AMW, van der Schouw YT. Dietary intake of carotenoids and risk of type 2 diabetes. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25:376-381. [PMID: 25716098 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Carotenoids may reduce diabetes risk, due to their antioxidant properties. However, the association between dietary carotenoids intake and type 2 diabetes risk is still unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine whether higher dietary carotenoid intakes associate with reduced type 2 diabetes risk. METHODS AND RESULTS Data from 37,846 participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition- Netherlands study were analyzed. Dietary intakes of β-carotene, α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein & zeaxanthin and the sum of these carotenoids were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Incident type 2 diabetes was mainly self-reported, and verified against general practitioner information. Mean ±SD total carotenoid intake was 10 ± 4 mg/day. During a mean ±SD follow-up of 10 ± 2 years, 915 incident cases of type 2 diabetes were ascertained. After adjustment for age, sex, diabetes risk factors, dietary intake, waist circumference and BMI, higher β-carotene intakes associated inversely with diabetes risk [Hazard Ratio quartile 4 versus quartile 1 (HR(Q4)): 0.78 (95%CI:0.64,0.95), P-linear trend 0.01]. For α-carotene, a borderline significant reduced risk was observed, with a HR(Q4) of 0.85 (95%CI:0.70,1.03), and P-linear trend 0.05. β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein & zeaxanthin, and the sum of all carotenoids did not associate with diabetes risk. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that diets high in β-carotene and α-carotene are associated with reduced type 2 diabetes in generally healthy men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sluijs
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - E Cadier
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J W J Beulens
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - D L van der A
- Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - A M W Spijkerman
- Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Y T van der Schouw
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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20
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Sugiura M, Nakamura M, Ogawa K, Ikoma Y, Yano M. High-serum carotenoids associated with lower risk for developing type 2 diabetes among Japanese subjects: Mikkabi cohort study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2015; 3:e000147. [PMID: 26688736 PMCID: PMC4679813 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2015-000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent epidemiological studies show the association of antioxidant carotenoids with type 2 diabetes, but thorough longitudinal cohort studies regarding this association have not been well conducted. The objective of this study was to investigate longitudinally whether serum carotenoids are associated with the risk for developing type 2 diabetes among Japanese subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a follow-up study on 1073 males and females aged 30-79 years at the baseline from the Mikkabi prospective cohort study. Those who participated in the baseline and completed follow-up surveys were examined longitudinally. Over the 10-year period, 910 subjects (295 males and 615 females) took part in the follow-up survey at least one time. A cohort of 264 males and 600 females free of diabetes at baseline was studied. RESULTS Over a mean follow-up period of 7.8 years (SD=2.9), 22 males and 33 females developed new type 2 diabetes. After adjustments for confounders, the HRs for type 2 diabetes in the highest tertiles of serum α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and total provitamin A carotenoids against the lowest tertiles were 0.35 (95% CI 0.15 to 0.82), 0.43 (CI 0.20 to 0.92) and 0.41 (CI 0.19 to 0.90), respectively. For β-carotene and zeaxanthin, borderline reduced risks were also observed, but these were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Our results further support the hypothesis that eating a diet rich in carotenoids, especially provitamin A carotenoids, might help prevent the development of type 2 diabetes in Japanese patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NIFT-2013001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Sugiura
- Citrus Research Division, NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mieko Nakamura
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ogawa
- Citrus Research Division, NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikoma
- Citrus Research Division, NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masamichi Yano
- Citrus Research Division, NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, Japan
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Gene polymorphisms and gene scores linked to low serum carotenoid status and their associations with metabolic disturbance and depressive symptoms in African-American adults. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:992-1003. [PMID: 25201307 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514001706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Gene polymorphisms provide a means to obtain unconfounded associations between carotenoids and various health outcomes. In the present study, we tested whether gene polymorphisms and gene scores linked to low serum carotenoid status are related to metabolic disturbance and depressive symptoms in African-American adults residing in Baltimore city, MD, using cross-sectional data from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study (age range 30-64 years, n 873-994). We examined twenty-four SNP of various gene loci that were previously shown to be associated with low serum carotenoid status (SNPlcar). Gene risk scores were created: five low specific-carotenoid risk scores (LSCRS: α-carotene, β-carotene, lutein+zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin and lycopene) and one low total-carotenoid risk score (LTCRS: total carotenoids). SNPlcar, LSCRS and LTCRS were entered as predictors for a number of health outcomes. These included obesity, National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III metabolic syndrome and its components, elevated homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, C-reactive protein, hyperuricaemia and elevated depressive symptoms (EDS, Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression score ≥ 16). Among the key findings, SNPlcar were not associated with the main outcomes after correction for multiple testing. However, an inverse association was found between the LTCRS and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) dyslipidaemia. Specifically, the α-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin LSCRS were associated with a lower odds of HDL-C dyslipidaemia. However, the β-cryptoxanthin LSCRS was linked to a higher odds of EDS, with a linear dose-response relationship. In summary, gene risk scores linked to low serum carotenoids had mixed effects on HDL-C dyslipidaemia and EDS. Further studies using larger African-American population samples are needed.
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Viuda-Martos M, Sanchez-Zapata E, Sayas-Barberá E, Sendra E, Pérez-Álvarez JA, Fernández-López J. Tomato and tomato byproducts. Human health benefits of lycopene and its application to meat products: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 54:1032-49. [PMID: 24499120 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.623799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
During recent decades, the food industry, consumers, and regulatory authorities have developed a significant interest in functional foods because of their potential benefits for human health over and above their basic nutritional value. Tomato is the second most important vegetable crop in the world. The amount of the related wastes is estimated at up to 50,000 tons per year, representing a serious disposal problem with a consequent negative impact on the environment. Tomato byproducts contain a great variety of biologically active substances, principally lycopene, which have been demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo studies to possess antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and anticarcinogenic activities. The aim of this review is to present an overview of the functional and physiological properties of the principal bioactive compound present in tomato and tomato byproducts, lycopene, its addition to meat, and meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Viuda-Martos
- a IPOA Research Group (UMH-1 and REVIV-Generalitat Valenciana), AgroFood Technology Department, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela , Universidad Miguel Hernández , Crta , E-03312 , Orihuela Alicante , Spain
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23
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In vitro study on the antioxidant potentials of the leaves and fruits of Nauclea latifolia. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:437081. [PMID: 25013856 PMCID: PMC4074996 DOI: 10.1155/2014/437081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the in vitro antioxidant potentials of the leaves and fruits of Nauclea latifolia, a straggling shrub or small tree, native to tropical Africa and Asia. Hot water extracts of the leaves and fruits of Nauclea latifolia were assessed for their total polyphenolic, flavanol, and flavonol contents as well as 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging ability, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), Trolox equivalence antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. The aqueous extract of the leaves was found to contain higher level of total polyphenols (11.63 ± 0.023 mg GAE/g), flavanol (1.45 ± 0.10 mg CE/g), and flavonol (2.22 ± 0.37 mg QE/g) than the extract of the fruits with values of 1.75 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g (total polyphenol), 0.15 ± 0.01 mg CE/g (flavanol), and 1.00 ± 0.13 mg QE/g (flavonol). Similarly, the aqueous extract of the leaves also exhibited higher DPPH (IC50 20.64 mg/mL), FRAP (86.10 ± 3.46 μmol AAE/g), TEAC (94.83 ± 3.57 μmol TE/g), and ORAC (196.55 ± 0.073 μmol TE/g) than the extract of the fruits with DPPH (IC50 120.33 mg/mL), FRAP (12.23 ± 0.40 μmol AAE/g), TEAC (12.48 ± 0.21 μmol TE/g), and ORAC (58.88 ± 0.073 μmol TE/g). The present study showed that Nauclea latifolia has strong antioxidant potentials with the leaves demonstrating higher in vitro antioxidant activities than the fruits.
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Blondin SA, Yeung EH, Mumford SL, Zhang C, Browne RW, Wactawski-Wende J, Schisterman EF. Serum Retinol and Carotenoids in Association with Biomarkers of Insulin Resistance among Premenopausal Women. ISRN NUTRITION 2013; 2013:619516. [PMID: 23936766 PMCID: PMC3737585 DOI: 10.5402/2013/619516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate how serum retinol and carotenoids (β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, lycopene) are associated with biomarkers of insulin resistance. Research Methods and Procedures. The BioCycle Study (2005–2007) is a prospective cohort of 259 healthy premenopausal women. Fasting serum samples were collected at up to sixteen clinic visits, from which retinol, carotenoids, insulin, glucose, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were measured. Insulin resistance was estimated by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Linear mixed models were used to determine associations adjusting for age, race, body mass index (BMI), education, smoking, physical activity, triglycerides, and energy intake. Results. Retinol was positively associated with HOMA-IR (β = 0.19 (95% CI: 0.07, 0.32)) units per ug/mL increase in retinol; the relationship was driven by insulin (β = 0.20 (95% CI: 0.08, 0.31)). Retinol was inversely associated with SHBG (β = −0.22 (95% CI: −0.28, −0.16)). Although no significant associations were found between serum carotenoids and HOMA-IR, β-carotene was positively associated with SHBG and β-cryptoxanthin inversely with fasting plasma glucose. Conclusion. Results indicate a possible role for serum retinol in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. However, they do not support a strong association between individual or total serum carotenoids and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy A Blondin
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA ; Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Beydoun MA, Canas JA, Beydoun HA, Chen X, Shroff MR, Zonderman AB. Serum antioxidant concentrations and metabolic syndrome are associated among U.S. adolescents in recent national surveys. J Nutr 2012; 142:1693-704. [PMID: 22810988 PMCID: PMC3417831 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.160416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific micronutrients, including retinol, retinyl esters, carotenoids [α-carotene, β-carotene (cis+trans), β-cryptoxanthin, lutein+zeaxanthin, and total lycopene], vitamin E, and vitamin C have antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects, properties shown to reduce oxidative stress, a process that accompanies the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases. It is still largely unknown whether they are associated with the occurrence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the adolescent U.S. population. MetS was defined by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Other non-MetS outcomes relying on blood measurements were elevated HOMA-IR, C-reactive protein (CRP), and hyperuricemia. We tested associations between serum antioxidants and MetS outcomes among adolescents aged 12-19 y using cross-sectional data from NHANES 2001-2006 (n = 782-4285). IDF MetS prevalence was estimated at 7% among boys and 3% among girls. In adjusted models, adolescents with MetS had consistently lower carotenoid concentrations compared with their counterparts without MetS. Total carotenoids were also inversely related to HOMA-IR and CRP. Vitamin C was inversely related to uric acid level and MetS binary outcome. Retinol+retinyl esters exhibited an inverse relationship with CRP and a positive relationship with uric acid and HOMA-IR as well as MetS binary outcome. Vitamin E had no association with MetS, particularly after controlling for serum cholesterol and TG. In conclusion, among U.S. adolescents, serum carotenoid concentrations were inversely associated with MetS status, HOMA-IR, and CRP, whereas serum vitamin C was inversely related to MetS status and serum uric acid. Vitamin E had no consistent association with MetS, whereas retinol+retinyl esters had a positive relationship with HOMA-IR, uric acid, and MetS, while being inversely related to CRP. These associations need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- May A Beydoun
- National Institute on Aging, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, and Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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A carotenoid health index based on plasma carotenoids and health outcomes. Nutrients 2011; 3:1003-22. [PMID: 22292108 PMCID: PMC3260489 DOI: 10.3390/nu3121003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While there have been many studies on health outcomes that have included measurements of plasma carotenoids, this data has not been reviewed and assembled into a useful form. In this review sixty-two studies of plasma carotenoids and health outcomes, mostly prospective cohort studies or population-based case-control studies, are analyzed together to establish a carotenoid health index. Five cutoff points are established across the percentiles of carotenoid concentrations in populations, from the tenth to ninetieth percentile. The cutoff points (mean ± standard error of the mean) are 1.11 ± 0.08, 1.47 ± 0.08, 1.89 ± 0.08, 2.52 ± 0.13, and 3.07 ± 0.20 µM. For all cause mortality there seems to be a low threshold effect with protection above every cutoff point but the lowest. But for metabolic syndrome and cancer outcomes there tends to be significant positive health outcomes only above the higher cutoff points, perhaps as a triage effect. Based on this data a carotenoid health index is proposed with risk categories as follows: very high risk: <1 µM, high risk: 1-1.5 µM, moderate risk: 1.5-2.5 µM, low risk: 2.5-4 µM, and very low risk: >4 µM. Over 95 percent of the USA population falls into the moderate or high risk category of the carotenoid health index.
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Beydoun MA, Shroff MR, Chen X, Beydoun HA, Wang Y, Zonderman AB. Serum antioxidant status is associated with metabolic syndrome among U.S. adults in recent national surveys. J Nutr 2011; 141:903-13. [PMID: 21451127 PMCID: PMC3077890 DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.136580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects were recently ascribed to naturally occurring micronutrients. The extent and magnitudes of their differential effects on the metabolic syndrome (MetS) are still unknown. We examined the association between serum antioxidant status and MetS. NHANES 2001-2006 cross-sectional data among adults aged 20-85 y were analyzed (n = 3008-9099). MetS was defined with the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) and also by elevated homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and hyperuricemia. Serum antioxidants included retinol, retinyl esters, carotenoids [α-carotene, β-carotene (cis+trans), β-cryptoxanthin, lutein+zeaxanthin, total lycopene], vitamin E, and vitamin C. MetS (NCEP ATP III) prevalence in U.S. adults was 32.0% among men and 29.5% among women. Adults with MetS had consistently lower serum carotenoid concentrations compared with those without MetS, even after controlling for total cholesterol and TG among other potential confounders. Vitamin E had no significant relationship with MetS in the full multiple logistic regression model, whereas retinol+retinyl esters were inversely related to MetS among men only. The latter were also inversely related to elevated CRP and positively associated with hyperuricemia. Vitamin C exhibited a similar pattern to serum carotenoids with an inverse linear association with MetS (binary), HOMA-IR, and hyperuricemia. Future intervention studies of dietary and lifestyle change must be conducted to assess the utility of modifying serum antioxidant concentrations, especially carotenoids, given their suboptimal levels among U.S. adults with MetS, for the prevention of type 2 diabetes and various cardiovascular endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- May A. Beydoun
- National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Health, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Monal R. Shroff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Hind A. Beydoun
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23501
| | - Youfa Wang
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Alan B. Zonderman
- National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Health, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224
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Kataja-Tuomola MK, Kontto JP, Männistö S, Albanes D, Virtamo J. Intake of antioxidants and risk of type 2 diabetes in a cohort of male smokers. Eur J Clin Nutr 2011; 65:590-7. [PMID: 21245884 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress may induce insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and impair insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Antioxidants are suggested to decrease the risk of diabetes through reduction of oxidative stress. However, only a few studies exist on dietary antioxidants and the risk of type 2 diabetes. We investigated the association of dietary antioxidants with incident type 2 diabetes in the α-Tocopherol, β-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study cohort. SUBJECT/METHODS The study cohort included 29,133 male smokers aged 50-69 years. During a median follow-up of 10.2 years 660 incident cases of diabetes were observed among the 25,505 men with a completed baseline food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS Dietary α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol and β-tocotrienol were positively associated with the risk of diabetes when adjusted for age and supplementation (relative risk (RR) 1.17 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91-1.51) P for trend 0.02; RR 1.31 (95% CI 1.02-1.68) P for trend 0.01; RR 1.28 (95% CI 1.00-1.63) P for trend 0.01, respectively), but the association disappeared after multivariate adjustment (RR 0.92 (95% CI 0.71-1.19) P for trend 0.97; RR 1.06 (95% CI 0.82-1.36) P for trend 0.48; RR 1.04 (95% CI 0.80-1.35) P for trend 0.46, respectively). Other tocopherols and tocotrienols as well as vitamin C, carotenoids, flavonols and flavones had no association with risk of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Dietary antioxidants were not associated with a decreased risk of incident diabetes in middle-aged male smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Kataja-Tuomola
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
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Patel CJ, Bhattacharya J, Butte AJ. An Environment-Wide Association Study (EWAS) on type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10746. [PMID: 20505766 PMCID: PMC2873978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and other chronic diseases are caused by a complex combination of many genetic and environmental factors. Few methods are available to comprehensively associate specific physical environmental factors with disease. We conducted a pilot Environmental-Wide Association Study (EWAS), in which epidemiological data are comprehensively and systematically interpreted in a manner analogous to a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS). Methods and Findings We performed multiple cross-sectional analyses associating 266 unique environmental factors with clinical status for T2D defined by fasting blood sugar (FBG) concentration ≥126 mg/dL. We utilized available Centers for Disease Control (CDC) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cohorts from years 1999 to 2006. Within cohort sample numbers ranged from 503 to 3,318. Logistic regression models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), ethnicity, and an estimate of socioeconomic status (SES). As in GWAS, multiple comparisons were controlled and significant findings were validated with other cohorts. We discovered significant associations for the pesticide-derivative heptachlor epoxide (adjusted OR in three combined cohorts of 1.7 for a 1 SD change in exposure amount; p<0.001), and the vitamin γ-tocopherol (adjusted OR 1.5; p<0.001). Higher concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) such as PCB170 (adjusted OR 2.2; p<0.001) were also found. Protective factors associated with T2D included β-carotenes (adjusted OR 0.6; p<0.001). Conclusions and Significance Despite difficulty in ascertaining causality, the potential for novel factors of large effect associated with T2D justify the use of EWAS to create hypotheses regarding the broad contribution of the environment to disease. Even in this study based on prior collected epidemiological measures, environmental factors can be found with effect sizes comparable to the best loci yet found by GWAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag J. Patel
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Jayanta Bhattacharya
- Center For Primary Care and Outcomes Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Atul J. Butte
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kong KW, Khoo HE, Prasad KN, Ismail A, Tan CP, Rajab NF. Revealing the power of the natural red pigment lycopene. Molecules 2010; 15:959-87. [PMID: 20335956 PMCID: PMC6263198 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15020959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Revised: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
By-products derived from food processing are attractive source for their valuable bioactive components and color pigments. These by-products are useful for development as functional foods, nutraceuticals, food ingredients, additives, and also as cosmetic products. Lycopene is a bioactive red colored pigment naturally occurring in plants. Industrial by-products obtained from the plants are the good sources of lycopene. Interest in lycopene is increasing due to increasing evidence proving its preventive properties toward numerous diseases. In vitro, in vivo and ex vivo studies have demonstrated that lycopene-rich foods are inversely associated to diseases such as cancers, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and others. This paper also reviews the properties, absorption, transportation, and distribution of lycopene and its by-products in human body. The mechanism of action and interaction of lycopene with other bioactive compounds are also discussed, because these are the crucial features for beneficial role of lycopene. However, information on the effect of food processing on lycopene stability and availability was discussed for better understanding of its characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin-Weng Kong
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mails: (K.-W.K.); (H.-E.K.); (K.N.P.)
| | - Hock-Eng Khoo
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mails: (K.-W.K.); (H.-E.K.); (K.N.P.)
| | - K. Nagendra Prasad
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mails: (K.-W.K.); (H.-E.K.); (K.N.P.)
| | - Amin Ismail
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mails: (K.-W.K.); (H.-E.K.); (K.N.P.)
- Laboratory of Analysis and Authentication, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chin-Ping Tan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mail: (C.-P.T.)
| | - Nor Fadilah Rajab
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; E-Mail: (N.F.R.)
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Sluijs I, Beulens JWJ, Grobbee DE, van der Schouw YT. Dietary carotenoid intake is associated with lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly men. J Nutr 2009; 139:987-92. [PMID: 19321578 DOI: 10.3945/jn.108.101451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids have antioxidant properties. Little is known about the relation of dietary carotenoid intake on metabolic syndrome risk. We examined whether dietary carotenoid intake was associated with metabolic syndrome and metabolic syndrome risk factors. We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study in 374 men aged 40-80 y. Intakes of beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin were estimated using a validated FFQ. Presence of metabolic syndrome was determined using fasting serum glucose, triglyceride, and HDL-cholesterol concentrations, waist circumference, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Metabolic syndrome was present in 22% of the men. After adjustment for confounders, total carotenoid and lycopene intakes were inversely associated with presence of metabolic syndrome [relative risk (RR) quartile 4 vs. quartile 1 (95% CI) 0.42 (0.20-0.87), P-trend 0.02; and 0.55 (0.28-1.11), P-trend 0.01, respectively]. For beta-carotene, a decreased risk was observed for each quartile of intake compared with the first [RR quartile 4 vs. quartile 1 (95% CI) 0.58 (0.33-1.02)]. Higher total carotenoid, beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, and lycopene intakes were associated with lower waist circumferences and visceral and subcutaneous fat mass. Higher lycopene intake was related to lower serum triglyceride concentrations. In conclusion, higher total carotenoid intakes, mainly those of beta-carotene and lycopene, were associated with a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome and with lower measures of adiposity and serum triglyceride concentrations in middle-aged and elderly men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Sluijs
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Dietary phytochemicals, of which polyphenols form a considerable part, may affect the risk of obesity-associated chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. This article presents an overview on how phytochemicals, especially polyphenols in fruits, vegetables, berries, beverages and herbal medicines, may modify imbalanced lipid and glucose homeostasis thereby reducing the risk of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes complications.
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Akbaraly TN, Fontbonne A, Favier A, Berr C. Plasma carotenoids and onset of dysglycemia in an elderly population: results of the Epidemiology of Vascular Ageing Study. Diabetes Care 2008; 31:1355-9. [PMID: 18390802 PMCID: PMC2453670 DOI: 10.2337/dc07-2113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The hypothesis of carotenoid having a preventive role in diabetes is suggested by their antioxidant properties. In this report, we investigated the relationship between baseline total plasma carotenoid levels and 9-year onset of dysglycemia (impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes) in a healthy elderly population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Epidemiology of Vascular Ageing Study is a 9-year longitudinal study including 1,389 volunteers aged 59-71 years. Fasting plasma glucose was measured at baseline and at 2, 4, and 9 years after inclusion. The relationship between plasma carotenoid at baseline and incidence of dysglycemia was determined by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS At 9 years, 127 incident cases of dysglycemia had occurred. Risk of dysglycemia was significantly lower in participants with plasma carotenoid in the highest quartile (Q4) compared with participants in the lowest quartile (Q1) (Q4 vs. Q1: relative risk 0.26 [95% CI 0.14-0.49], P < 10(-4); Q3 vs. Q1: 0.55 [0.34-0.89], P = 0.01; and Q2 vs. Q1: 0.82 [0.51-1.31], P = 0.40). After controlling for sociodemographic variables, lifestyle habits, cardiovascular disease, blood pressure, BMI, and lipid profile, risk of dysglycemia remained significantly lower in participants in the highest quartile of total plasma carotenoid compared with participants in the lowest quartile (Q4 vs. Q1: 0.42 [0.22-0.82], P = 0.01; Q3 vs. Q1: 0.69 [0.41-1.15], P = 0.16; and Q2 vs. Q1: 0.80 [0.48-1.32], P = 0.38). CONCLUSIONS This study prospectively confirms that plasma carotenoid levels have an independent relationship to onset of dysglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnime N Akbaraly
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicalé (INSERM) U888, Université Montpellier I, Montpellier, France.
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Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy increases with duration of diabetes and may be associated with carotenoid status. Carotenoids alter the pro-oxidation/antioxidation balance, and circulating levels depend largely on dietary intake. Lower levels have been reported in diabetes and age-related macular degeneration; however, little is known of the relationship between carotenoids and diabetic complications. Consequently, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between plasma carotenoids and diabetic retinopathy. We assessed the carotenoid-retinopathy relationship in 111 individuals with type 2 diabetes in a community-based, cross-sectional study. We photodocumented retinal status and used HPLC to measure plasma carotenoid concentrations. Data for clinical and demographic variables and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy were obtained from 24 h urine and fasting blood samples, and an interviewer-assisted lifestyle questionnaire. We found that the combined lycopene and lutein/zeaxanthin (non-pro-vitamin A (non-PVA) carotenoid) concentration when compared with the pro-vitamin A (PVA) carotenoids (alpha-carotene, beta-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin) was significantly lower in the retinopathy than non-retinopathy group (OR 1.2 (95% CI 1.0, 1.4) v. 1.6 (95% CI 1.4, 1.7), respectively; P=0.009). A higher non-PVA:PVA ratio also predicted a lower risk of diabetic retinopathy, after adjustment for potential confounders (OR 0.33 (95% CI 0.12, 0.95); P=0.039). Finally, a higher concentration of PVA carotenoids was associated with greater odds of diabetic retinopathy, after adjustment for risk factors (P=0.049). We suggest synergies between carotenoids are implicated in diabetic retinopathy, independent of established risk factors. Importantly, our observations indicate dietary modulation of retinopathy risk may be possible by increasing intakes of lutein- and lycopene-rich foods.
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Kataja-Tuomola M, Sundell JR, Männistö S, Virtanen MJ, Kontto J, Albanes D, Virtamo J. Effect of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplementation on the incidence of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2008; 51:47-53. [PMID: 17994292 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-007-0864-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Type 2 diabetes is associated with reduced antioxidant defence. Only a few human studies have investigated the role of antioxidants in the pathogenesis of diabetes. This study aimed to examine whether alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene affected the occurrence of type 2 diabetes. METHODS In the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study, a double-blind, controlled trial, 29,133 male smokers aged 50-69 years were randomised to receive either alpha-tocopherol (50 mg/day) or beta-carotene (20 mg/day) or both agents or placebo daily for 5-8 years (median 6.1 years). Baseline serum samples were analysed for alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene using HPLC. Cases of diabetes were identified from a nationwide Finnish registry of patients receiving drug reimbursement for diabetes. Of 27,379 men without diabetes at baseline, 705 men were diagnosed with diabetes during the follow-up of up to 12.5 years. RESULTS Baseline serum levels of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene were not associated with the risk of diabetes in the placebo group: the relative risk (RR) between the highest and lowest quintiles of alpha-tocopherol was 1.59 (95% CI 0.89-2.84) and that for beta-carotene was 0.66 (95% CI 0.40-1.10). Neither supplementation significantly affected the incidence of diabetes: the RR was 0.92 (95% CI 0.79-1.07) for participants receiving alpha-tocopherol compared with non-recipients and 0.99 (95% CI 0.85-1.15) for participants receiving beta-carotene compared with non-recipients. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Neither alpha-tocopherol nor beta-carotene supplementation prevented type 2 diabetes in male smokers. Serum levels of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene were not associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kataja-Tuomola
- Department of Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention, National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, 00300, Helsinki, Finland.
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