1
|
Gerstorf D, Ram N, Drewelies J, Duezel S, Eibich P, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Liebig S, Goebel J, Demuth I, Villringer A, Wagner GG, Lindenberger U, Ghisletta P. Today's Older Adults Are Cognitively Fitter Than Older Adults Were 20 Years Ago, but When and How They Decline Is No Different Than in the Past. Psychol Sci 2023; 34:22-34. [PMID: 36282991 DOI: 10.1177/09567976221118541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
History-graded increases in older adults' levels of cognitive performance are well documented, but little is known about historical shifts in within-person change: cognitive decline and onset of decline. We combined harmonized perceptual-motor speed data from independent samples recruited in 1990 and 2010 to obtain 2,008 age-matched longitudinal observations (M = 78 years, 50% women) from 228 participants in the Berlin Aging Study (BASE) and 583 participants in the Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II). We used nonlinear growth models that orthogonalized within- and between-person age effects and controlled for retest effects. At age 78, the later-born BASE-II cohort substantially outperformed the earlier-born BASE cohort (d = 1.20; 25 years of age difference). Age trajectories, however, were parallel, and there was no evidence of cohort differences in the amount or rate of decline and the onset of decline. Cognitive functioning has shifted to higher levels, but cognitive decline in old age appears to proceed similarly as it did two decades ago.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Gerstorf
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University Berlin.,German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP), German Institute for Economic Research (DIW), Berlin, Germany
| | - Nilam Ram
- Departments of Psychology and Communication, Stanford University
| | - Johanna Drewelies
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University Berlin.,Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Duezel
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Eibich
- Labor Demography Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Liebig
- German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP), German Institute for Economic Research (DIW), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Goebel
- German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP), German Institute for Economic Research (DIW), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilja Demuth
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine at the Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BCRT-Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gert G Wagner
- German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP), German Institute for Economic Research (DIW), Berlin, Germany.,Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.,Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.,Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paolo Ghisletta
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva.,UniDistance Suisse.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES, University of Geneva
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stephan BCM, Tang EYH, Pakpahan E, Biswas B, Gupta A, McGrattan A, Bosco A, Richardson CD, Robinson L, Siervo M. Secular Trends in Dementia Free Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:417-428. [PMID: 35662123 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although numerous studies have reported a decrease in dementia risk in the last two decades, it is unclear whether dementia-free cognitive function is also changing across generations. OBJECTIVE The objective was to systematically evaluate the published data on generational differences in cognitive function in the older population. METHODS Searches were performed on PubMed, Embase, and PsychInfo for articles published in English before 20 June 2021. Included studies were from population-based samples that reported generational differences in cognition in individuals without dementia, aged ≥60 years. RESULTS 28,101 studies were identified and 15 selected covering the period from 1971 to 2015: including studies from China, Europe, and the USA. The results show generally consistent findings of improvements or stability in dementia free cognitive function in later versus earlier born generations, but not for all cognitive domains. Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and cognitive impairment no dementia has remained stable in the USA, UK, and China over the last two decades. RESULTS Prevalence of vascular related mild cognitive impairment has increased in China. Improvements in cognition may only partially be explained by increased educational attainment across generations. CONCLUSION This review provides evidence for generational effects in dementia-free cognitive function, predominately stability or improvements in performance, in later compared to earlier born individuals across different world regions. There is an urgent need to determine the factors driving such changes and whether they are being experienced in all world regions, particularly low- and middle-income countries where the burden of cognitive impairment is greatest and rising.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blossom C M Stephan
- Institute of Mental Health, Academic Unit 1: Mental Health & Clinical Neurosciences, University of Nottingham, Innovation Park, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, Nottingham, UK
| | - Eugene Y H Tang
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Eduwin Pakpahan
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Ellison Building, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Bijetri Biswas
- Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Mathematics, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alisha Gupta
- School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrea McGrattan
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Dame Margaret Barbour Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alessandro Bosco
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Connor D Richardson
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Louise Robinson
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mario Siervo
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bernard C, Font H, Diallo Z, Ahonon R, Tine JM, Abouo FN, Tanon A, Messou E, Seydi M, Dabis F, Dartigues JF, de Rekeneire N. Effects of Age, Level of Education and HIV Status on Cognitive Performance in West African Older Adults: The West Africa IeDEA Cohort Collaboration. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:3316-3326. [PMID: 34050826 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03309-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An in-depth understanding of the impact of aging, cognitive reserve, and HIV status on cognitive function is needed in older West African adults. Ninety-nine HIV-negative and 334 HIV-positive adults aged ≥ 50 years were enrolled in three clinics (Senegal and Côte d'Ivoire) participating in the IeDEA West Africa collaboration. All subjects underwent the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) and the Isaacs Set Test (IST). Age (both linear and quadratic), education level, and HIV status effects on Z-scores were assessed using multivariate linear regression models. Interactions between HIV status and age or educational level were tested. In the present cohort of older West African adults, the role of age and educational level on episodic memory and verbal fluency was observed without revealing an interaction between HIV status and age effect. As age had quadratic effects, older HIV-positive adults should not be considered as a unique group irrespective of their age. Low-educated HIV-positive patients had the lowest verbal fluency performance compared to others. Further studies are needed to duplicate these results. In clinical settings, screening and adapted programs focusing on improving cognition in those patients are needed.
Collapse
|
4
|
St John PD, Swift AU, Tate RB. Patterns of Functional Impairment over Time Amongst Older Men-the Manitoba Follow-up Study. Can Geriatr J 2021; 24:144-150. [PMID: 34079608 PMCID: PMC8137456 DOI: 10.5770/cgj.24.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To determine the incidence and prevalence patterns of activity of daily living (ADL) impairments in ageing men. Methods 3,983 men were enrolled in the Manitoba Follow-up Study (MFUS) cohort study in 1948. From 1996 onwards, functional status was measured. We classified basic (BADL) and instrumental (IADL) into mutually exclusive categories as a time dependant factor after the second survey wave as: First survey response; no limitation; incident (first episode of disability); persistent (limitation which was seen on all questionnaires after the incident episode); resilient (noted in previous surveys but not present); and recurrent (noted in present survey, and limitations noted as present and absent in previous surveys). Results There were 1,745 participants in 1996 at a mean age of 76 years. Incident BADL limitations increased substantially with age: from 1% at age 75 to 15% at age 95. Similarly, persistent limitations increased with age: from 0.4% at age 75 to 18% at age 95. However, BADL function was fluid, with many individuals grouped within the resilient and recurrent patterns. Similar age effects and variability were noted in IADLs. Conclusion New and persistent disabilities are highly associated with age. However, there is considerable change in functional status over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip D St John
- Section of Geriatrics, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB.,Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB
| | - Audrey U Swift
- Dept of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB
| | - Robert B Tate
- Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB.,Dept of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ranchet M, Hoang I, Cheminon M, Derollepot R, Devos H, Perrey S, Luauté J, Danaila T, Paire-Ficout L. Changes in Prefrontal Cortical Activity During Walking and Cognitive Functions Among Patients With Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2020; 11:601686. [PMID: 33362703 PMCID: PMC7758480 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.601686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Walking becomes more and more degraded as Parkinson's Disease (PD) progresses. Previous research examined factors contributing to this deterioration. Among them, changes in brain cortical activity during walking have been less studied in this clinical population. Objectives: This study aimed to: (1) investigate changes in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activation during usual walking and dual-task walking conditions in patients with PD; (2) examine the association between cortical activity and behavioral/cognitive outcomes; and (3) explore which factors best predict increased activation of the DLPFC during usual walking. Methods: Eighteen patients with early stage PD and 18 controls performed 4 conditions: (1) standing while subtracting, (2) usual walking, (3) walking while counting forward, and (4) walking while subtracting. Cortical activity in DLPFC, assessed by changes in oxy-hemoglobin (ΔHbO2) and deoxy-hemoglobin (ΔHbR), was measured using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Gait performance was recorded using wearables sensors. Cognition was also assessed using neuropsychological tests, including the Trail Making Test (TMT). Results: DLPFC activity was higher in patients compared to controls during both usual walking and walking while subtracting conditions. Patients had impaired walking performance compared to controls only during walking while subtracting task. Moderate-to-strong correlations between ΔHbO2 and coefficients of variation of all gait parameters were found for usual walking and during walking while counting forward conditions. Part-B of TMT predicted 21% of the variance of ΔHbO2 during usual walking after adjustment for group status. Conclusions: The increased DLPFC activity in patients during usual walking suggests a potential compensation for executive deficits. Understanding changes in DLPFC activity during walking may have implications for rehabilitation of gait in patients with PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maud Ranchet
- TS2-LESCOT, Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Hoang
- TS2-LESCOT, Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Maxime Cheminon
- Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation Neurologique, Hôpital Henry-Gabrielle, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Hannes Devos
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, School of Health Professions, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Stephane Perrey
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mînes Ales, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques Luauté
- Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation Neurologique, Hôpital Henry-Gabrielle, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Inserm UMR-S 1028, CNRS UMR 529, ImpAct, Center de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Université Lyon-1, Bron, France.,Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Teodor Danaila
- Center de Neurosciences Cognitives, Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lopez OL, Kuller LH. Epidemiology of aging and associated cognitive disorders: Prevalence and incidence of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2019; 167:139-148. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804766-8.00009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
|