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Wei W, Ma D, Li L, Zhang L. Cognitive impairment in cerebral small vessel disease induced by hypertension. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1454-1462. [PMID: 38051887 PMCID: PMC10883517 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Hypertension is a primary risk factor for the progression of cognitive impairment caused by cerebral small vessel disease, the most common cerebrovascular disease. However, the causal relationship between hypertension and cerebral small vessel disease remains unclear. Hypertension has substantial negative impacts on brain health and is recognized as a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease. Chronic hypertension and lifestyle factors are associated with risks for stroke and dementia, and cerebral small vessel disease can cause dementia and stroke. Hypertension is the main driver of cerebral small vessel disease, which changes the structure and function of cerebral vessels via various mechanisms and leads to lacunar infarction, leukoaraiosis, white matter lesions, and intracerebral hemorrhage, ultimately resulting in cognitive decline and demonstrating that the brain is the target organ of hypertension. This review updates our understanding of the pathogenesis of hypertension-induced cerebral small vessel disease and the resulting changes in brain structure and function and declines in cognitive ability. We also discuss drugs to treat cerebral small vessel disease and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs; National Center for Neurological Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Denglei Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs; National Center for Neurological Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs; National Center for Neurological Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs; National Center for Neurological Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
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2
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Zhao L, Yin J, Huan J, Han X, Zhao D, Song J, Wang L, Zhang H, Pan B, Niu Q, Lu X. A Bayesian network for estimating hypertension risk due to occupational aluminum exposure. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2024; 10:130-139. [PMID: 38872757 PMCID: PMC11166680 DOI: 10.1002/cdt3.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The correlation between metals and hypertension, such as sodium, zinc, potassium, and magnesium, has been confirmed, while the relationship between aluminum and hypertension is not very clear. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between plasma aluminum and hypertension in electrolytic aluminum workers by the Bayesian networks (BN). Methods In 2019, 476 male workers in an aluminum factory were investigated. The plasma aluminum concentration of workers was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The influencing factors on the prevalence of hypertension were analyzed by the BN. Results The prevalence of hypertension was 23.9% in 476 male workers. The risk of hypertension from plasma aluminum in the Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups was 5.20 (1.90-14.25), 6.92 (2.51-19.08), and 7.33 (2.69-20.01), respectively, compared with that in the Q1 group. The risk of hypertension from the duration of exposure to aluminum of >10 years was 2.23 (1.09-4.57), compared without aluminum exposure. Area under the curve was 0.80 of plasma aluminum and the duration of exposure to aluminum was based on covariates, indicating that aluminum exposure had important predictive value in the prevalence of hypertension in the occupational population. The results of the study using the BN model showed that if the plasma aluminum of all participants was higher than Q4 (≥47.86 µg/L) and the participants were drinking, smoking, diabetes, central obesity, dyslipidemia, and aged >50 years, the proportion of hypertension was 71.2%. Conclusions The prevalence of hypertension increased significantly with the increase of plasma aluminum level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhao
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impairment and Prevention, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina
| | - Jinzhu Yin
- Sinopharm Tongmei General HospitalShanxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Nervous System Disease Prevention and TreatmentDatongShanxiChina
| | - Jiaping Huan
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impairment and Prevention, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impairment and Prevention, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impairment and Prevention, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impairment and Prevention, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina
| | - Linping Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impairment and Prevention, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina
| | - Huifang Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impairment and Prevention, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina
| | - Baolong Pan
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impairment and Prevention, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina
- Sixth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (General Hospital of Tisco)TaiyuanShanxiChina
| | - Qiao Niu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impairment and Prevention, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina
| | - Xiaoting Lu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impairment and Prevention, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina
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Chen Y, Li Y, Liu M, Xu W, Tong S, Liu K. Association between systemic immunity-inflammation index and hypertension in US adults from NHANES 1999-2018. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5677. [PMID: 38454104 PMCID: PMC10920861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56387-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a disease closely related to inflammation, and the systemic immunity-inflammation index (SII) is a new and easily detectable inflammatory marker. We aimed to investigate the association between SII and hypertension risk in a adult population in the US. We utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning from 1999 to 2018, incorporating comprehensive information from adults reporting hypertension. This included details on blood pressure monitoring, complete blood cell counts, and standard biochemical results. The SII was computed as the platelet count multiplied by the neutrophil count divided by the lymphocyte count. We employed a weighted multivariate logistic regression model to examine the correlation between SII and hypertension. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore potential influencing factors. Furthermore, smooth curve fitting and two-piecewise logistic regression analysis were employed to describe non-linear relationships and identify inflection points. This population-based study involved 44,070 adults aged 20-85 years. Following Ln-transformation of the SII, multivariable logistic regression revealed that, in a fully adjusted model, participants in the highest quartile of Ln(SII) had a 12% increased risk of hypertension compared to those in the lowest quartile, which was statistically significant (OR:1.12; 95% CI 1.01, 1.24; P < 0.001), with a P for trend = 0.019. Subgroup analysis indicated no significant interactions between Ln(SII) and specific subgroups except for the body mass index subgroup (all P for interaction > 0.05). Additionally, the association between Ln(SII) and hypertension displayed a U-shaped curve, with an inflection point at 5.89 (1000 cells/μl). Based on this research result, we found a U-shaped correlation between elevated SII levels and hypertension risk in American adults, with a inflection point of 5.89 (1000 cells)/μl). To validate these findings, larger scale prospective surveys are needed to support the results of this study and investigate potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Medical Laboratory Center, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Mengqiong Liu
- Medical Laboratory Center, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Wenxing Xu
- Geriatric Center, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Shan Tong
- Geriatric Center, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China.
| | - Kai Liu
- Geriatric Center, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China.
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Gong J, Han Y, Gao G, Chen A, Fang Z, Lin D, Liu Y, Luo L, Xie L. Sex-specific difference in the relationship between body fat percentage and arterial stiffness: Results from Fuzhou study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2023; 25:286-294. [PMID: 36815754 PMCID: PMC9994159 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and overweight are closely related to cardiovascular mortality. Arterial stiffness is one of the important risks for cardiovascular diseases and is strongly related with the cardiovascular mortality. However, the relationship between obesity and arterial stiffness is still controversial. A cross-sectional study was performed to examine the relationship of body fat percentage (BFP), an indicator of obesity, with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) in 2603 subjects (aged 58.62 ± 11.27 years, male 71.07%, hypertension 64.89%). All participants were divided into four groups according to the gender and the presence of arterial stiffening based on a value ≥10 m/s of cfPWV(group1 : male with cfPWV <10 m/s, group2 : male with cfPWV ≥10 m/s, group3 : female with cfPWV <10 m/s, group4 : female with cfPWV ≥10 m/s). Body weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure were measured and clinical biochemical tests were recorded. cfPWV was measured using a non-invasive automatic device (Complior Analysis, France). BFP were calculated by CUN-BAE equation. The level of cfPWV was significantly increased with the increasing trend of BFP in both males and females. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that SBP, DBP, HR, Hcy, BFP, FPG were independent associated with cfPWV in females and SBP, eGFR, FPG, BFP, DBP were independent associated with cfPWV in males. In the subgroups stratified by age, BFP was correlated with cfPWV only in females over 60 years old, but not in female those aged under 60 years old and males. In addition to the age and blood pressure, BFP was one of important predictor of arterial stiffening special in females aged over 60 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gong
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Hypertension Disease of Fujian province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Geriatrics, National Regional Medical Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Hypertension Disease of Fujian province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Geriatrics, National Regional Medical Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Gufeng Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhoufei Fang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Hypertension Disease of Fujian province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Geriatrics, National Regional Medical Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongjie Lin
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong Liu
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Hypertension Disease of Fujian province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangdi Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Hypertension Disease of Fujian province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Geriatrics, National Regional Medical Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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He L, Fan C, Li G. The relationship between serum C-reactive protein and senile hypertension. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:500. [PMID: 36418968 PMCID: PMC9685935 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02948-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension has become an important health risk factor in the twenty-first century, especially for the elderly. Studies have confirmed that inflammation is involved in the development of hypertension and that the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein(CRP) is significantly associated with hypertension. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to explore the CRP correlation with hypertension in the elderly. METHODS Serum CRP levels were measured in 196 hospitalized patients, and the CRP level was used as a criterion to divide them into the group with elevated CRP (> 10 mmol/L, n = 120) and the group with normal CRP (0 < CRP ≤ 10 mmol/L, n = 76). and the patient's baseline characteristics were collected and compared between the groups, and the correlation between CRP and other factors and hypertension in the elderly was analyzed by multi-factor logistic regression. RESULTS The prevalence of hypertension, coronary artery disease and joint reactive inflammation was significantly higher in the group with elevated CRP. There was also a significant association between the use of alcohol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and steroids and elevated CRP; logistic regression showed that elevated CRP (OR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.14-3.99, p = 0.019), body mass index (BMI) (OR = 1.10, 95% CI:1.01-1.90, p = 0.030), diabetes (OR = 2.68, 95% CI:1.24-5.79, p = 0.012) were positively associated with hypertension, while statins use was negatively associated with hypertension (OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.25-0.94, p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS Elevated CRP, BMI, and diabetes are positively associated with hypertension in the elderly, and early screening for CRP and initiation of treatment may help prevent further inflammatory responses in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le He
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Chenyang Fan
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Gang Li
- Division of Cardiology, Institute of Geriatric Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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Aljaloud KS, Hughes AR, Galloway SDR. Impact of Physical Activity on Adiposity and Risk Markers for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease. Am J Mens Health 2022; 16:15579883221092289. [PMID: 35466785 PMCID: PMC9036347 DOI: 10.1177/15579883221092289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of physical activity (PA) on adiposity and for cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk markers (CMDRMs). In total, 55 adults (33 lean [L] and 22 overweight/obesity [O/O]) visited the laboratory on two occasions. During the first session, body composition and anthropometric measurements were taken as well as resting blood pressure (BP). Free-living PA intensity was monitored using an ActiGraph accelerometer, which the participants wore for a period of 6 days. During the second visit, blood samples for the analysis of disease risk markers were obtained from the participants in the morning after overnight fasting (≥10 hr). There was no significant difference between groups in the percentage of time spent in PA levels (54.5% ± 1.2% and 54.9% ± 2.1% for L and O/O, respectively). Although, the O/O group was within recommended PA level, they had higher leptin, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels than the L group (all p < .01). The O/O group had higher levels of triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL; all p < .01). Interestingly, vigorous activity was positively correlated with HDL (r = .30, p < .05) and negatively with LDL (r = -.26, p = .05) levels and the arachidonic acid to eicosapentaenoic acid (ARA/EPA) ratio (r = -.30, p < .05). Only the O/O group had elevated CMDRMs. However, vigorous activity may improve health-related blood lipids such as HDL, LDL, and ARA/EPA ratio. Regardless of body composition status, low active participants were more likely to have higher level of leptin and hsCRP. Further exploration of the beneficial effects of vigorous exercise on adiposity and CMDRMs is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid S Aljaloud
- Department of Exercise Physiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adrienne R Hughes
- Physical Activity for Health Group, School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stuart D R Galloway
- Physiology, Exercise, and Nutrition Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
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