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Alamoudi AJ, Nazeer M, Shah N, Ullah S, Alshamrani M, Rizg WY, Ashour OM, Abdel-naim AB, Shah AJ. Diuretic effects of Hecogenin and Hecogenin acetate via aldosterone synthase inhibition. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:102105. [PMID: 38873334 PMCID: PMC11170188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Hecogenin (HEC) is a steroidal saponin found in many plant species and serves as a precursor for steroidal drugs. The diuretic effects of HEC and its derivative, hecogenin acetate (HA), remain largely unexplored. The present study aimed to explore the potential diuretic effects of HEC and HA compared to furosemide (FUR) and spironolactone (SPIR). Additionally, the study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism particularly focusing on aldosterone synthase gene expression. Fifty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into nine groups (Group 1-9). Group 1 (control) received the vehicle, Groups 2 received FUR 10 mg/kg, Group 3, 4, and 5 were given HEC, while Groups 6, 7 and 8 received HA i.p at doses of 5, 10, and 25 mg/kg, respectively. Group 9 received SPIR i.p at the dose of 25 mg/kg. Urine volume, diuretic index and diuretic activity were monitored at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 24 h post-administration. Treatment was given daily for seven days. After that, rats were sacrificed and blood was collected for serum electrolytes determination. Adrenal glands were dissected out for gene expression studies. The results revealed that HEC and HA at the administered doses significantly and dose-dependently increased urine and electrolyte excretion. These results were primarily observed at 25 mg/kg of each compound. Gene expression studies demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in aldosterone synthase gene expression, suggesting aldosterone synthesis inhibition as a potential mechanism for their diuretic activity. Notably, HA exhibited more pronounced diuretic effects surpassing those of HEC. This enhanced diuretic activity of HA can be attributed to its stronger impact on aldosterone synthase inhibition. These findings offer valuable insights into the diuretic effects of both HEC and HA along with their underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmohsin J. Alamoudi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria Nazeer
- Pharmacogenetics Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Nabi Shah
- Pharmacogenetics Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Saif Ullah
- Pharmacogenetics Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Meshal Alshamrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Y. Rizg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama M. Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf B. Abdel-naim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Jabbar Shah
- Pharmacogenetics Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
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Laxmi, Golmei P, Srivastava S, Kumar S. Single nucleotide polymorphism-based biomarker in primary hypertension. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 972:176584. [PMID: 38621507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Primary hypertension is a multiplex and multifactorial disease influenced by various strong components including genetics. Extensive research such as Genome-wide association studies and candidate gene studies have revealed various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to hypertension, providing insights into the genetic basis of the condition. This review summarizes the current status of SNP research in primary hypertension, including examples of hypertension-related SNPs, their location, function, and frequency in different populations. The potential clinical implications of SNP research for primary hypertension management are also discussed, including disease risk prediction, personalized medicine, mechanistic understanding, and lifestyle modifications. Furthermore, this review highlights emerging technologies and methodologies that have the potential to revolutionize the vast understanding of the basis of genetics in primary hypertension. Gene editing holds the potential to target and correct any kind of genetic mutations that contribute to the development of hypertension or modify genes involved in blood pressure regulation to prevent or treat the condition. Advances in computational biology and machine learning enable researchers to analyze large datasets and identify complex genetic interactions contributing to hypertension risk. In conclusion, SNP research in primary hypertension is rapidly evolving with emerging technologies and methodologies that have the potential to transform the knowledge about genetic basis related to the condition. These advances hold promise for personalized prevention and treatment strategies tailored to an individual's genetic profile ultimately improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmi
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, M B Road, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Pougang Golmei
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, M B Road, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Shriyansh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, M B Road, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, M B Road, New Delhi, 110017, India.
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Künstner A, Aherrahrou R, Hirose M, Bruse P, Ibrahim SM, Busch H, Erdmann J, Aherrahrou Z. Effect of Differences in the Microbiome of Cyp17a1-Deficient Mice on Atherosclerotic Background. Cells 2021; 10:1292. [PMID: 34070975 PMCID: PMC8224745 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CYP17A1 is a cytochrome P450 enzyme that has 17-alpha-hydroxylase and C17,20-lyase activities. Cyp17a11 deficiency is associated with high body mass and visceral fat deposition in atherosclerotic female ApoE knockout (KO, d/d or -/-) mice. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of diet and Cyp17a1 genotype on the gut microbiome. Female Cyp17a1 (d/d) × ApoE (d/d) (DKO) and ApoE (d/d) (controls) were fed either standard chow or a Western-type diet (WTD), and we demonstrated the effects of genetics and diet on the body mass of the mice and composition of their gut microbiome. We found a significantly lower alpha diversity after accounting for the ecological network structure in DKO mice and WTD-fed mice compared with chow-fed ApoE(d/d). Furthermore, we found a strong significant positive association of the Firmicutes vs. Bacteroidota ratio with body mass and the circulating total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations of the mice when feeding the WTD, independent of the Cyp17a1 genotype. Further pathway enrichment and network analyses revealed a substantial effect of Cyp17a1 genotype on associated cardiovascular and obesity-related pathways involving aspartate and L-arginine. Future studies are required to validate these findings and further investigate the role of aspartate/L-arginine pathways in the obesity and body fat distribution in our mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Künstner
- Medical Systems Biology Group, Lübeck Institute for Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (A.K.); (H.B.)
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (R.A.); (P.B.); (J.E.)
| | - Redouane Aherrahrou
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (R.A.); (P.B.); (J.E.)
- Centre for Public Health Genomics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0717, USA
| | - Misa Hirose
- Lübeck Institute for Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (M.H.); (S.M.I.)
| | - Petra Bruse
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (R.A.); (P.B.); (J.E.)
| | - Saleh Mohamed Ibrahim
- Lübeck Institute for Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (M.H.); (S.M.I.)
- College of Medicine and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hauke Busch
- Medical Systems Biology Group, Lübeck Institute for Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (A.K.); (H.B.)
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (R.A.); (P.B.); (J.E.)
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (R.A.); (P.B.); (J.E.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), University Heart Centre Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Zouhair Aherrahrou
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (R.A.); (P.B.); (J.E.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), University Heart Centre Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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CYP17A1 deficient XY mice display susceptibility to atherosclerosis, altered lipidomic profile and atypical sex development. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8792. [PMID: 32472014 PMCID: PMC7260244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65601-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CYP17A1 is a cytochrome P450 enzyme with 17-alpha-hydroxylase and C17,20-lyase activities. CYP17A1 genetic variants are associated with coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction and visceral and subcutaneous fat distribution; however, the underlying pathological mechanisms remain unknown. We aimed to investigate the function of CYP17A1 and its impact on atherosclerosis in mice. At 4–6 months, CYP17A1-deficient mice were viable, with a KO:Het:WT ratio approximating the expected Mendelian ratio of 1:2:1. All Cyp17a1 knockout (KO) mice were phenotypically female; however, 58% were Y chromosome-positive, resembling the phenotype of human CYP17A1 deficiency, leading to 46,XY differences/disorders of sex development (DSD). Both male and female homozygous KO mice were infertile, due to abnormal genital organs. Plasma steroid analyses revealed a complete lack of testosterone in XY-KO mice and marked accumulation of progesterone in XX-KO mice. Elevated corticosterone levels were observed in both XY and XX KO mice. In addition, Cyp17a1 heterozygous mice were also backcrossed onto an Apoe KO atherogenic background and fed a western-type diet (WTD) to study the effects of CYP17A1 on atherosclerosis. Cyp17a1 x Apoe double KO XY mice developed more atherosclerotic lesions than Apoe KO male controls, regardless of diet (standard or WTD). Increased atherosclerosis in CYP17A1 XY KO mice lacking testosterone was associated with altered lipid profiles. In mice, CYP17A1 deficiency interferes with sex differentiation. Our data also demonstrate its key role in lipidomic profile, and as a risk factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Zhang N, Chen H, Jia J, Ye X, Ding H, Zhan Y. The CYP17A1 gene polymorphisms are associated with hypercholesterolemia in Han Chinese. J Gene Med 2019; 21:e3102. [PMID: 31170334 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CYP17A1 gene has been identified to associate with hypertension in Chinese population. However, the association between CYP17A1 polymorphisms and hypertension-related factors is unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the relation between CYP17A1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and serum lipid profiles. METHODS In total, 1350 participants were included in the study. Six SNPs in or near CYP17A1 gene were genotyped in a Han Chinese population in two stages. RESULTS There was a statistically significant association of rs1004467 (adjusted odds ratio = 0.783, 95% confidence interval = 0.667-0.919, p < 0.05) and rs11191548 (adjusted odds ratio = 0.788, 95% confidence interval = 0.672-0.925, p < 0.05) with hypercholesterolemia after adjustment for potential factors. Additionally, the rs1004467 minor G-allele and the rs11191548 minor C-allele were significantly associated with the lower serum total cholesterol levels (p < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS The rs1004467 and rs11191548 in the CYP17A1 gene are associated with a decreased risk of hypercholesterolemia and lower serum TC levels in Han Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Intensive Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huimei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Jia
- Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoman Ye
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haixia Ding
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiyang Zhan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Manosroi W, Williams GH. Genetics of Human Primary Hypertension: Focus on Hormonal Mechanisms. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:825-856. [PMID: 30590482 PMCID: PMC6936319 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasingly, primary hypertension is being considered a syndrome and not a disease, with the individual causes (diseases) having a common sign-an elevated blood pressure. To determine these causes, genetic tools are increasingly employed. This review identified 62 proposed genes. However, only 21 of them met our inclusion criteria: (i) primary hypertension, (ii) two or more supporting cohorts from different publications or within a single publication or one supporting cohort with a confirmatory genetically modified animal study, and (iii) 600 or more subjects in the primary cohort; when including our exclusion criteria: (i) meta-analyses or reviews, (ii) secondary and monogenic hypertension, (iii) only hypertensive complications, (iv) genes related to blood pressure but not hypertension per se, (v) nonsupporting studies more common than supporting ones, and (vi) studies that did not perform a Bonferroni or similar multiassessment correction. These 21 genes were organized in a four-tiered structure: distant phenotype (hypertension); intermediate phenotype [salt-sensitive (18) or salt-resistant (0)]; subintermediate phenotypes under salt-sensitive hypertension [normal renin (4), low renin (8), and unclassified renin (6)]; and proximate phenotypes (specific genetically driven hypertensive subgroup). Many proximate hypertensive phenotypes had a substantial endocrine component. In conclusion, primary hypertension is a syndrome; many proposed genes are likely to be false positives; and deep phenotyping will be required to determine the utility of genetics in the treatment of hypertension. However, to date, the positive genes are associated with nearly 50% of primary hypertensives, suggesting that in the near term precise, mechanistically driven treatment and prevention strategies for the specific primary hypertension subgroups are feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worapaka Manosroi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Gordon H Williams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Zhang N, Jia J, Ding Q, Chen H, Ye X, Ding H, Zhan Y. Common variant rs11191548 near the CYP17A1 gene is associated with hypertension and the serum 25(OH) D levels in Han Chinese. J Hum Genet 2018; 63:731-737. [PMID: 29556032 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-018-0435-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The CYP17A1 gene, which encodes17α-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase, has been identified as a common hypertension susceptibility locus in a European population. However, the association between CYP17A1 polymorphisms and hypertension is unclear in the Chinese population as well as in the role of serum 25(OH) D levels. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CYP17A1 were genotyped in two stages in a Han Chinese population, and the serum 25(OH) D levels were measured. Analysis in stage 1 showed that the rs1004467 minor G-allele and rs11191548 minor C-allele in CYP17A1 were significantly associated with a decreased risk of hypertension and higher serum 25(OH) D levels (all P < 0.05). The larger sample in stage 2 also showed that a mutation in rs11191548 was significantly associated with a decreased risk of hypertension (adjusted OR = 0.707, 95% CI: 0.553-0.904, P = 0.006). The rs11191548 minor C-allele was associated with higher serum 25(OH) D levels in hypertensive subjects (βadj ± SEM = 0.094 ± 0.949, P = 0.003) and controls (βadj ± SEM = 0.128 ± 1.025, P < 0.001). In conclusion, the rs11191548 CYP17A1 gene mutation was associated with hypertension and the serum 25(OH) D levels in Han Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Geriatric Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Jia
- General Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuju Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huimei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoman Ye
- Geriatric Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haixia Ding
- Geriatric Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yiyang Zhan
- Geriatric Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Azam AB, Azizan EAB. Brief Overview of a Decade of Genome-Wide Association Studies on Primary Hypertension. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:7259704. [PMID: 29666641 PMCID: PMC5831899 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7259704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary hypertension is widely believed to be a complex polygenic disorder with the manifestation influenced by the interactions of genomic and environmental factors making identification of susceptibility genes a major challenge. With major advancement in high-throughput genotyping technology, genome-wide association study (GWAS) has become a powerful tool for researchers studying genetically complex diseases. GWASs work through revealing links between DNA sequence variation and a disease or trait with biomedical importance. The human genome is a very long DNA sequence which consists of billions of nucleotides arranged in a unique way. A single base-pair change in the DNA sequence is known as a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). With the help of modern genotyping techniques such as chip-based genotyping arrays, thousands of SNPs can be genotyped easily. Large-scale GWASs, in which more than half a million of common SNPs are genotyped and analyzed for disease association in hundreds of thousands of cases and controls, have been broadly successful in identifying SNPs associated with heart diseases, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, and psychiatric disorders. It is however still debatable whether GWAS is the best approach for hypertension. The following is a brief overview on the outcomes of a decade of GWASs on primary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afifah Binti Azam
- Department of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Elena Aisha Binti Azizan
- Department of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Li Q, Gao T, Yuan Y, Wu Y, Huang Q, Xie F, Ran P, Sun L, Xiao C. Association of CYP17A1 Genetic Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Essential Hypertension in the Southwest Han Chinese Population. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:2488-2499. [PMID: 28537227 PMCID: PMC5450854 DOI: 10.12659/msm.902109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The CYP17A1 gene encodes for cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP17A1, which is involved with the steroidogenic pathway including mineralocorticoids. The CYP17A1 polymorphisms might affect enzyme activity, then leading to a state of mineralocorticoid 11-deoxycorticosterone excess characterized by hypertension, suppressed plasma renin activity, and low aldosterone concentrations. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of CYP17A1 polymorphisms in inducing the susceptibility to essential hypertension among the Southwest Han Chinese population. Material/Methods Eight single nucleotide polymorphisms of CYP17A1 were genotyped in a case-control study for samples by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results The polymorphisms rs11191548 and rs4919687 were significantly associated with hypertension risk, which was confirmed by systolic and diastolic blood pressure distribution analyses between different genotype groups, and these two polymorphisms were found in linkage disequilibrium. The rs4919687 polymorphism was estimated to cause the destruction of exonic splicing silencer (ESR and Motif 3) sites and to transform the transcription factor AREB6 binding site, respectively, in the bioinformatics analyses. The haplotypes rs4919686A-rs3740397G -rs4919687C-rs743572C-rs11191548C and rs4919686A-rs3740397G-rs4919687T-rs743572C- rs11191548T were found to be susceptible to essential hypertension. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the CYP17A1 polymorphisms could be a genetic risk factor for essential hypertension among the Yunnan Han Chinese population, which would have implications for the treatment of this complex disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Tangxin Gao
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Yuncang Yuan
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Yanrui Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Qionglin Huang
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Fei Xie
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Pengzhan Ran
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Lijuan Sun
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Chunjie Xiao
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
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MacKenzie SM, Freel EM, Connell JM, Fraser R, Davies E. ACTH and Polymorphisms at Steroidogenic Loci as Determinants of Aldosterone Secretion and Blood Pressure. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030579. [PMID: 28272372 PMCID: PMC5372595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of genes contributing to the heritable component of blood pressure remain unidentified, but there is substantial evidence to suggest that common polymorphisms at loci involved in the biosynthesis of the corticosteroids aldosterone and cortisol are important. This view is supported by data from genome-wide association studies that consistently link the CYP17A1 locus to blood pressure. In this review article, we describe common polymorphisms at three steroidogenic loci (CYP11B2, CYP11B1 and CYP17A1) that alter gene transcription efficiency and levels of key steroids, including aldosterone. However, the mechanism by which this occurs remains unclear. While the renin angiotensin system is rightly regarded as the major driver of aldosterone secretion, there is increasing evidence that the contribution of corticotropin (ACTH) is also significant. In light of this, we propose that the differential response of variant CYP11B2, CYP11B1 and CYP17A1 genes to ACTH is an important determinant of blood pressure, tending to predispose individuals with an unfavourable genotype to hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M MacKenzie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
| | - E Marie Freel
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
| | - John M Connell
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.
| | - Robert Fraser
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
| | - Eleanor Davies
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
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Impact and influence of “omics” technology on hyper tension studies. Int J Cardiol 2017; 228:1022-1034. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Ackermann D, Pruijm M, Ponte B, Guessous I, Ehret G, Escher G, Dick B, Al-Alwan H, Vuistiner P, Paccaud F, Burnier M, Péchère-Bertschi A, Martin PY, Vogt B, Mohaupt M, Bochud M. CYP17A1 Enzyme Activity Is Linked to Ambulatory Blood Pressure in a Family-Based Population Study. Am J Hypertens 2016; 29:484-93. [PMID: 26297028 PMCID: PMC4886492 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpv138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies have linked CYP17A1 coding for the steroid hormone synthesizing enzyme 17α-hydroxylase (CYP17A1) to blood pressure (BP). We hypothesized that the genetic signal may translate into a correlation of ambulatory BP (ABP) with apparent CYP17A1 activity in a family-based population study and estimated the heritability of CYP17A1 activity. METHODS In the Swiss Kidney Project on Genes in Hypertension, day and night urinary excretions of steroid hormone metabolites were measured in 518 participants (220 men, 298 women), randomly selected from the general population. CYP17A1 activity was assessed by 2 ratios of urinary steroid metabolites: one estimating the combined 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase activity (ratio 1) and the other predominantly 17α-hydroxylase activity (ratio 2). A mixed linear model was used to investigate the association of ABP with log-transformed CYP17A1 activities exploring effect modification by urinary sodium excretion. RESULTS Daytime ABP was positively associated with ratio 1 under conditions of high, but not low urinary sodium excretion (P interaction <0.05). Ratio 2 was not associated with ABP. Heritability estimates (SE) for day and night CYP17A1 activities were 0.39 (0.10) and 0.40 (0.09) for ratio 1, and 0.71 (0.09) and 0.55 (0.09) for ratio 2 (P values <0.001). CYP17A1 activities, assessed with ratio 1, were lower in older participants. CONCLUSIONS Low apparent CYP17A1 activity (assessed with ratio 1) is associated with elevated daytime ABP when salt intake is high. CYP17A1 activity is heritable and diminished in the elderly. These observations highlight the modifying effect of salt intake on the association of CYP17A1 with BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ackermann
- University Clinic for Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Menno Pruijm
- Service of Nephrology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Belen Ponte
- Service of Nephrology, University Hospital of Geneva (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Idris Guessous
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Georg Ehret
- Cardiology, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Geneviève Escher
- University Clinic for Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Dick
- University Clinic for Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Heba Al-Alwan
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Vuistiner
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fred Paccaud
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel Burnier
- Service of Nephrology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antoinette Péchère-Bertschi
- Service of Endocrinology, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Yves Martin
- Service of Nephrology, University Hospital of Geneva (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Vogt
- University Clinic for Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus Mohaupt
- University Clinic for Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Murielle Bochud
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Bischoff R, Permentier H, Guryev V, Horvatovich P. Genomic variability and protein species — Improving sequence coverage for proteogenomics. J Proteomics 2016; 134:25-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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14
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He WJ, Li C, Rao DC, Hixson JE, Huang J, Cao J, Rice TK, Shimmin LC, Gu D, Kelly TN. Associations of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Genes With Blood Pressure Changes and Hypertension Incidence. Am J Hypertens 2015; 28:1310-5. [PMID: 25820244 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpv033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays an important role in blood pressure (BP) regulation. The current study uses single-marker and gene-based analyses to examine the association between RAAS genes and longitudinal BP phenotypes in a Han Chinese population. METHODS A total of 1,768 participants from the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Salt Sensitivity (GenSalt) follow-up study were included in the current study. Twenty-seven BP measurements were taken using random-zero sphygmomanometers at baseline and 2 follow-up visits. Mixed-effect models were used to assess the additive associations of 106 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 10 RAAS genes with longitudinal BP changes and hypertension incidence. Gene-based analyses were conducted using the truncated product method. Attempts were made to replicate significant findings among Asian participants of the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). False discovery rate procedures were used to adjust for multiple testing. RESULTS During an average of 7.2 years of follow-up, average systolic and diastolic BP increased, and 32.1% (512) of participants free from hypertension at baseline developed hypertension. NR3C2 SNPs rs7694064 and rs6856803 were significantly associated with longitudinal changes in systolic BP (P interaction = 6.9×10(-5) and 8.2×10(-4), respectively). Through gene-based analysis, NR3C2 was found to be significantly associated with longitudinal systolic BP change (P value of 1.00×10(-7)), even after removal of significant markers rs7694064 and rs6856803 from the analysis. The association between NR3C2 and longitudinal systolic BP change was replicated in Asian MESA participants (P value of 1.00×10(-4)). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that NR3C2 may play an important role in BP progression and development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Isidore Newman School, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Changwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Dabeeru C Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washing University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - James E Hixson
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Department of Evidence Based Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Evidence Based Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Treva K Rice
- Division of Biostatistics, Washing University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lawrence C Shimmin
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Department of Evidence Based Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tanika N Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA;
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15
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A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism near the CYP17A1 Gene Is Associated with Left Ventricular Mass in Hypertensive Patients under Pharmacotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:17456-68. [PMID: 26263970 PMCID: PMC4581202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160817456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 17A1 (CYP17A1) catalyses the formation and metabolism of steroid hormones. They are involved in blood pressure (BP) regulation and in the pathogenesis of left ventricular hypertrophy. Therefore, altered function of CYP17A1 due to genetic variants may influence BP and left ventricular mass. Notably, genome wide association studies supported the role of this enzyme in BP control. Against this background, we investigated associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in or nearby the CYP17A1 gene with BP and left ventricular mass in patients with arterial hypertension and associated cardiovascular organ damage treated according to guidelines. Patients (n = 1007, mean age 58.0 ± 9.8 years, 83% men) with arterial hypertension and cardiac left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 40% were enrolled in the study. Cardiac parameters of left ventricular mass, geometry and function were determined by echocardiography. The cohort comprised patients with coronary heart disease (n = 823; 81.7%) and myocardial infarction (n = 545; 54.1%) with a mean LVEF of 59.9% ± 9.3%. The mean left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was 52.1 ± 21.2 g/m2.7 and 485 (48.2%) patients had left ventricular hypertrophy. There was no significant association of any investigated SNP (rs619824, rs743572, rs1004467, rs11191548, rs17115100) with mean 24 h systolic or diastolic BP. However, carriers of the rs11191548 C allele demonstrated a 7% increase in LVMI (95% CI: 1%-12%, p = 0.017) compared to non-carriers. The CYP17A1 polymorphism rs11191548 demonstrated a significant association with LVMI in patients with arterial hypertension and preserved LVEF. Thus, CYP17A1 may contribute to cardiac hypertrophy in this clinical condition.
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Low TY, van Heesch S, van den Toorn H, Giansanti P, Cristobal A, Toonen P, Schafer S, Hübner N, van Breukelen B, Mohammed S, Cuppen E, Heck AJR, Guryev V. Quantitative and qualitative proteome characteristics extracted from in-depth integrated genomics and proteomics analysis. Cell Rep 2013; 5:1469-78. [PMID: 24290761 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative and qualitative protein characteristics are regulated at genomic, transcriptomic, and posttranscriptional levels. Here, we integrated in-depth transcriptome and proteome analyses of liver tissues from two rat strains to unravel the interactions within and between these layers. We obtained peptide evidence for 26,463 rat liver proteins. We validated 1,195 gene predictions, 83 splice events, 126 proteins with nonsynonymous variants, and 20 isoforms with nonsynonymous RNA editing. Quantitative RNA sequencing and proteomics data correlate highly between strains but poorly among each other, indicating extensive nongenetic regulation. Our multilevel analysis identified a genomic variant in the promoter of the most differentially expressed gene Cyp17a1, a previously reported top hit in genome-wide association studies for human hypertension, as a potential contributor to the hypertension phenotype in SHR rats. These results demonstrate the power of and need for integrative analysis for understanding genetic control of molecular dynamics and phenotypic diversity in a system-wide manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teck Yew Low
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan van Heesch
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Henk van den Toorn
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Piero Giansanti
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alba Cristobal
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Pim Toonen
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- Max-Delbruck-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rossle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Hübner
- Max-Delbruck-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rossle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bas van Breukelen
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Shabaz Mohammed
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Victor Guryev
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
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