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Yarmohammadi F, Karimi G. Serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) as an emerging therapeutic target for cardiac diseases. Pharmacol Res 2024; 208:107369. [PMID: 39209082 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac diseases encompass a wide range of conditions that affect the structure and function of the heart. These conditions are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a significant role in various cellular processes, including cell survival and stress response. Alterations in SGK1 activity can have significant impacts on health and disease. Multiple research findings have indicated that SGK1 is associated with heart disease due to its involvement in cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. This article reviews different signaling pathways associated with SGK1 activity in various heart conditions, including the SGK1/NF-κB and PI3K/SGK1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yarmohammadi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Raja Xavier JP, Okumura T, Apweiler M, Chacko NA, Singh Y, Brucker SY, Takeda S, Lang F, Salker MS. Placental growth factor mediates pathological uterine angiogenesis by activating the NFAT5-SGK1 signaling axis in the endometrium: implications for preeclampsia development. Biol Res 2024; 57:55. [PMID: 39152497 PMCID: PMC11330076 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-024-00526-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
After menstruation the uterine spiral arteries are repaired through angiogenesis. This process is tightly regulated by the paracrine communication between endometrial stromal cells (EnSCs) and endothelial cells. Any molecular aberration in these processes can lead to complications in pregnancy including miscarriage or preeclampsia (PE). Placental growth factor (PlGF) is a known contributing factor for pathological angiogenesis but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated whether PlGF contributes to pathological uterine angiogenesis by disrupting EnSCs and endothelial paracrine communication. We observed that PlGF mediates a tonicity-independent activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) in EnSCs. NFAT5 activated downstream targets including SGK1, HIF-1α and VEGF-A. In depth characterization of PlGF - conditioned medium (CM) from EnSCs using mass spectrometry and ELISA methods revealed low VEGF-A and an abundance of extracellular matrix organization associated proteins. Secreted factors in PlGF-CM impeded normal angiogenic cues in endothelial cells (HUVECs) by downregulating Notch-VEGF signaling. Interestingly, PlGF-CM failed to support human placental (BeWo) cell invasion through HUVEC monolayer. Inhibition of SGK1 in EnSCs improved angiogenic effects in HUVECs and promoted BeWo invasion, revealing SGK1 as a key intermediate player modulating PlGF mediated anti-angiogenic signaling. Taken together, perturbed PlGF-NFAT5-SGK1 signaling in the endometrium can contribute to pathological uterine angiogenesis by negatively regulating EnSCs-endothelial crosstalk resulting in poor quality vessels in the uterine microenvironment. Taken together the signaling may impact on normal trophoblast invasion and thus placentation and, may be associated with an increased risk of complications such as PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet P Raja Xavier
- Department of Women's Health, University of Tübingen, 72076, Calwerstraße 7/6, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Toshiyuki Okumura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Melina Apweiler
- Department of Women's Health, University of Tübingen, 72076, Calwerstraße 7/6, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nirzari A Chacko
- Department of Women's Health, University of Tübingen, 72076, Calwerstraße 7/6, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Department of Women's Health, University of Tübingen, 72076, Calwerstraße 7/6, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sara Y Brucker
- Department of Women's Health, University of Tübingen, 72076, Calwerstraße 7/6, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Satoru Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Madhuri S Salker
- Department of Women's Health, University of Tübingen, 72076, Calwerstraße 7/6, Tübingen, Germany.
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Souri F, Badavi M, Dianat M, Mard A, Sarkaki A, Razliqi RN. The protective effects of gallic acid and SGK1 inhibitor on cardiac damage and genes involved in Ca2+ homeostasis in an isolated heart model of ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:5207-5217. [PMID: 38252301 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-02949-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Serum and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1 (SGK1) is an enzyme that may play a vital role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. This enzyme may affect sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA2), ryanodine receptor (RyR2) and sodium/calcium exchanger (NCX1) during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. The objective of this investigation was to analyze the effects of the combination of GSK650394 (SGK1 inhibitor) and gallic acid on the calcium ions regulation, inflammation, and cardiac dysfunction resulting from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the heart. Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups, pretreated with gallic acid or vehicle for 10 days. Then the heart was isolated and exposed to I/R. In the SGK1 inhibitor groups, GSK650394 was infused 5 min before ischemia induction. After that, Ca2+ homeostasis, inflammatory factors, cardiac function, antioxidant activity, and myocardial damage were evaluated. The findings suggested that the use of two drugs in combination therapy produced more significant improvements in left ventricular end diastolic pressure, left ventricular systolic pressure, RR-interval, ST-elevation, inflammation factors, and antioxidant enzymes activity as compared to the use of each drug. Despite this, there was a significant decrease observed in heart marker enzymes (including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), troponin-I (cTn-I), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) when compared to the ischemic group. Additionally, the expression of RyR2, NCX1, and SERCA2 genes showed a noteworthy increase as compared to the ischemic group. The findings of this study propose that using both of these agents on myocardial I/R injury could have superior advantages compared to using only one of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faramarz Souri
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Badavi
- The Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mahin Dianat
- The Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Mard
- The Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- The Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reza Noei Razliqi
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Wu CYC, Zhang Y, Xu L, Huang Z, Zou P, Clemons GA, Li C, Citadin CT, Zhang Q, Lee RHC. The role of serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 in brain function following cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:1145-1162. [PMID: 38235747 PMCID: PMC11179613 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231224508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary arrest (CA) is a major cause of death/disability in the U.S. with poor prognosis and survival rates. Current therapeutic challenges are physiologically complex because they involve hypoperfusion (decreased cerebral blood flow), neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. We previously discovered novel serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) is highly expressed in brain of neurons that are susceptible to ischemia (hippocampus and cortex). We inhibited SGK1 and utilized pharmacological (specific inhibitor, GSK650394) and neuron-specific genetic approaches (shRNA) in rodent models of CA to determine if SGK1 is responsible for hypoperfusion, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunctional, and neurological deficits after CA. Inhibition of SGK1 alleviated cortical hypoperfusion and neuroinflammation (via Iba1, GFAP, and cytokine array). Treatment with GSK650394 enhanced mitochondrial function (via Seahorse respirometry) in the hippocampus 3 and 7 days after CA. Neuronal injury (via MAP2, dMBP, and Golgi staining) in the hippocampus and cortex was observed 7 days after CA but ameliorated with SGK1-shRNA. Moreover, SGK1 mediated neuronal injury by regulating the Ndrg1-SOX10 axis. Finally, animals subjected to CA exhibited learning/memory, motor, and anxiety deficits after CA, whereas SGK1 inhibition via SGK1-shRNA improved neurocognitive function. The present study suggests the fundamental roles of SGK1 in brain circulation and neuronal survival/death in cerebral ischemia-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Yin-Chieh Wu
- Stroke Center for Research, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Yulan Zhang
- Stroke Center for Research, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Li Xu
- Stroke Center for Research, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Zhihai Huang
- Stroke Center for Research, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Peibin Zou
- Stroke Center for Research, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Garrett A Clemons
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Chun Li
- Stroke Center for Research, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Cristiane T Citadin
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Stroke Center for Research, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Reggie Hui-Chao Lee
- Stroke Center for Research, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
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Schmauch E, Piening B, Mohebnasab M, Xia B, Zhu C, Stern J, Zhang W, Dowdell AK, Kim JI, Andrijevic D, Khalil K, Jaffe IS, Loza BL, Gragert L, Camellato BR, Oliveira MF, O'Brien DP, Chen HM, Weldon E, Gao H, Gandla D, Chang A, Bhatt R, Gao S, Lin X, Reddy KP, Kagermazova L, Habara AH, Widawsky S, Liang FX, Sall J, Loupy A, Heguy A, Taylor SEB, Zhu Y, Michael B, Jiang L, Jian R, Chong AS, Fairchild RL, Linna-Kuosmanen S, Kaikkonen MU, Tatapudi V, Lorber M, Ayares D, Mangiola M, Narula N, Moazami N, Pass H, Herati RS, Griesemer A, Kellis M, Snyder MP, Montgomery RA, Boeke JD, Keating BJ. Integrative multi-omics profiling in human decedents receiving pig heart xenografts. Nat Med 2024; 30:1448-1460. [PMID: 38760586 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02972-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
In a previous study, heart xenografts from 10-gene-edited pigs transplanted into two human decedents did not show evidence of acute-onset cellular- or antibody-mediated rejection. Here, to better understand the detailed molecular landscape following xenotransplantation, we carried out bulk and single-cell transcriptomics, lipidomics, proteomics and metabolomics on blood samples obtained from the transplanted decedents every 6 h, as well as histological and transcriptomic tissue profiling. We observed substantial early immune responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and xenograft tissue obtained from decedent 1 (male), associated with downstream T cell and natural killer cell activity. Longitudinal analyses indicated the presence of ischemia reperfusion injury, exacerbated by inadequate immunosuppression of T cells, consistent with previous findings of perioperative cardiac xenograft dysfunction in pig-to-nonhuman primate studies. Moreover, at 42 h after transplantation, substantial alterations in cellular metabolism and liver-damage pathways occurred, correlating with profound organ-wide physiological dysfunction. By contrast, relatively minor changes in RNA, protein, lipid and metabolism profiles were observed in decedent 2 (female) as compared to decedent 1. Overall, these multi-omics analyses delineate distinct responses to cardiac xenotransplantation in the two human decedents and reveal new insights into early molecular and immune responses after xenotransplantation. These findings may aid in the development of targeted therapeutic approaches to limit ischemia reperfusion injury-related phenotypes and improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloi Schmauch
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brian Piening
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Maedeh Mohebnasab
- Division of Molecular Genetics Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bo Xia
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Society of Fellows, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chenchen Zhu
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Stern
- NYU Langone Transplant Institute, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexa K Dowdell
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jacqueline I Kim
- NYU Langone Transplant Institute, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Andrijevic
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen Khalil
- NYU Langone Transplant Institute, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ian S Jaffe
- NYU Langone Transplant Institute, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bao-Li Loza
- Penn Transplant Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Loren Gragert
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Han M Chen
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elaina Weldon
- NYU Langone Transplant Institute, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hui Gao
- Penn Transplant Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Divya Gandla
- Penn Transplant Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Chang
- Penn Transplant Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Riyana Bhatt
- Penn Transplant Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah Gao
- Penn Transplant Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiangping Lin
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kriyana P Reddy
- Penn Transplant Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Alawi H Habara
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sophie Widawsky
- NYU Langone Transplant Institute, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Feng-Xia Liang
- DART Microscopy Laboratory, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Sall
- DART Microscopy Laboratory, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandre Loupy
- Université Paris Cité, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration, Paris, France
| | - Adriana Heguy
- Genome Technology Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Yinan Zhu
- Division of Molecular Genetics Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Basil Michael
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lihua Jiang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ruiqi Jian
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anita S Chong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert L Fairchild
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Suvi Linna-Kuosmanen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna U Kaikkonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vasishta Tatapudi
- NYU Langone Transplant Institute, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Massimo Mangiola
- NYU Langone Transplant Institute, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Navneet Narula
- NYU Langone Transplant Institute, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nader Moazami
- NYU Langone Transplant Institute, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harvey Pass
- NYU Langone Transplant Institute, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ramin S Herati
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam Griesemer
- NYU Langone Transplant Institute, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manolis Kellis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Robert A Montgomery
- NYU Langone Transplant Institute, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jef D Boeke
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Brendan J Keating
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
- NYU Langone Transplant Institute, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Mozaffari MS. Serum Glucocorticoid-Regulated Kinase-1 in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Blessing or Curse. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 387:277-287. [PMID: 37770199 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The family of serum-glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK) consists of three paralogs, SGK-1, SGK-2, and SGK-3, with SGK-1 being the better studied. Indeed, recognition of the role of SGK-1 in regulation of cell survival and proliferation has led to introduction of a number of small-molecule inhibitors for some types of cancer. In addition, SGK-1 regulates major physiologic effects, such as renal solute transport, and contributes to the pathogenesis of non-neoplastic conditions involving major organs including the heart and the kidney. These observations raise the prospect for therapeutic modulation of SGK-1 to reduce the burden of such diseases as myocardial infarction and acute kidney injury. Following a brief description of the structure and function of SGK family of proteins, the present review is primarily focused on our current understanding of the role of SGK-1 in pathologies related to ischemia-reperfusion injury involving several organs (e.g., heart, kidney). The essential role of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in cell death coupled with the pro-survival function of SGK-1 raise the prospect that its therapeutic modulation could beneficially impact conditions associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Since the discovery of serum glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK)-1, extensive research has unraveled its role in cancer biology and, thus, its therapeutic targeting. Increasingly, it is also becoming clear that SGK-1 is a major determinant of the outcome of ischemia-reperfusion injury to various organs. Thus, evaluation of existing information should help identify gaps in our current knowledge and also determine whether and how its therapeutic modulation could impact the outcome of ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood S Mozaffari
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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Mozaffari MS, Abdelsayed R, Emami S, Kavuri S. Expression profiles of glucocorticoid-inducible proteins in human papilloma virus-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1285139. [PMID: 37954869 PMCID: PMC10634427 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1285139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human papillomavirus virus-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV-OPSCC) comprises a significant portion of head and neck cancers. Several glucocorticoid-inducible proteins play important roles in pathogenesis of some cancers but their status and roles in HPV-OPSCC remain elusive; these include the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ), Annexin-A1 and serum glucocorticoid-regulated kinase-1 (SGK-1). Methods We determined expression profiles of these proteins, using immunohistochemistry, in archived biopsy samples of patients diagnosed with HPV-OPSCC; samples of non-cancer oral lesions (e.g., hyperkeratosis) were used as controls. Results GILZ staining was primarily confined to nuclei of all tissues but, in HPV-OPSCC specimens, neoplastic cells exhibiting mitosis displayed prominent cytoplasmic GILZ expression. On the other hand, nuclear, cytoplasmic and membranous Annexin-A1 staining was observed in suprabasal cell layers of control specimens. A noted feature of the HPV-OPSCC specimens was few clusters of matured and differentiated nonbasaloid cells that showed prominent nuclear and cytoplasmic Annexin-A1 staining while the remainder of the tumor mass was devoid of staining. Cytoplasmic and nuclear staining for SGK-1 was prominent for control than PV-OPSCC specimens while staining for phosphorylated SGK-1 (pSGK-1; active) was prominent for cell membrane and cytoplasm of control specimens but HPV-OPSCC specimens showed mild and patchy nuclear and cytoplasmic staining. Semi-quantitative analysis of GILZ immunostaining indicated increased staining area but similar normalized staining for HPV-OPSCC compared to control specimens. By contrast, staining area and normalized staining were reduced for other proteins in HPV-OPSCC than control specimens. Discussion Our collective observations suggest differential cellular localization and expression of glucocorticoid-inducible proteins in HPV-OPSCC suggestive of different functional roles in pathogenesis of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood S. Mozaffari
- Departmentof Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Rafik Abdelsayed
- Departmentof Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Sahar Emami
- Departmentof Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Sravan Kavuri
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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Masenga SK, Kirabo A. Salt and Gut Microbiota in Heart Failure. Curr Hypertens Rep 2023; 25:173-184. [PMID: 37219766 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-023-01245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The role and underlying mechanisms mediated by dietary salt in modulating the gut microbiota and contributing to heart failure (HF) are not clear. This review summarizes the mechanisms of dietary salt and the gut-heart axis in HF. RECENT FINDINGS The gut microbiota has been implicated in several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) including HF. Dietary factors including high consumption of salt play a role in influencing the gut microbiota, resulting in dysbiosis. An imbalance of microbial species due to a reduction in microbial diversity with accompanying immune cell activation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of HF via several mechanisms. The gut microbiota and gut-associated metabolites contribute to HF by reducing gut microbiota biodiversity and activating several signaling pathways. High dietary salt modulates the gut microbiota composition and exacerbate or induce HF by increasing the expression of the epithelial sodium/hydrogen exchanger isoform 3 in the gut, cardiac expression of beta myosin heavy chain, activation of the myocyte enhancer factor/nuclear factor of activated T cell, and salt-inducible kinase 1. These mechanisms explain the resulting structural and functional derangements in patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepiso K Masenga
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Zambia
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602, USA
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602, USA.
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Zou Z, Zhao T, Zeng Z, An Y. Serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase 1 modulates mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocytes by regulating Hippo pathway via Neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated 4 type 2. Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271231158039. [PMID: 36781297 DOI: 10.1177/09603271231158039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) was reported to cause mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes, leading to cardiomyocyte apoptosis and ultimately heart failure. Serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) participates in the progression of various cardiovascular diseases. Thus, we aimed to explore the role and regulatory mechanism of SGK1 in Dox-induced cardiomyocyte injury. The expression of SGK1 was evaluated in blood samples of heart failure children, and in myocardial tissues and blood samples of Dox-induced rats. Subsequently, we treated cardiomyocytes with Dox in vitro. A gain-of-function assay was performed to assess the effects of SGK1 on mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in Dox-induced cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, the modulation of SGK1 on Neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated 4 type 2 (NEDD4-2) expression and the subsequent Hippo pathway was validated. In our study, we found that SGK1 was downregulated in blood samples of heart failure children, as well as myocardial tissues and blood samples of Dox-induced rats. SGK1 overexpression alleviated the decreases of mitochondrial complex activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and ATP synthetase activity stimulated by Dox. Besides, SGK1 overexpression reversed the promoting effects of Dox on oxidative stress and apoptosis. Mechanistically, SGK1 overexpression inhibited the expression of NEDD4-2 and blocked the subsequent activation of Hippo pathway. NEDD4-2 overexpression or activation of Hippo reversed the protective effects of SGK1 overexpression on Dox-induced cardiomyocyte injury. In conclusion, our results revealed that SGK1 modulated mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in Dox-induced cardiomyocytes by regulating Hippo pathway via NEDD4-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyi Zou
- Department of Emergency, 611822Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhu Zeng
- Department of Emergency, 611822Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan An
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, 611822Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
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10
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Chaudhary M, Sharma V, Bedi O, Kaur A, Singh TG. SGK-1 Signalling Pathway is a Key Factor in Cell Survival in Ischemic Injury. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:1117-1126. [PMID: 37904552 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501239948231013072901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinases (SGK) are serine/threonine kinases that belong to AGC. The SGK-1, which responds to stress, controls a range of ion channels, cell growth, transcription factors, membrane transporters, cellular enzymes, cell survival, proliferation and death. Its expression is highly controlled by various factors such as hyperosmotic or isotonic oxidative stress, cell shrinkage, radiation, high blood sugar, neuronal injury, DNA damage, mechanical stress, thermal shock, excitement, dehydration and ischemia. The structural and functional deterioration that arises after a period of ischemia when blood flow is restored is referred to as ischemia/ reperfusion injury (I/R). The current review discusses the structure, expression, function and degradation of SGK-1 with special emphasis on the various ischemic injuries in different organs such as renal, myocardial, cerebral, intestinal and lungs. Furthermore, this review highlights the various therapeutic agents that activate the SGK-1 pathway and slow down the progression of I/R injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Chaudhary
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Veerta Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Onkar Bedi
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Amarjot Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401, Punjab, India
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11
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Mozaffari MS, Abdelsayed R. Expression Profiles of GILZ and SGK-1 in Potentially Malignant and Malignant Human Oral Lesions. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 2:675288. [PMID: 35048019 PMCID: PMC8757717 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.675288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper and serum-glucocorticoid-regulated kinase-1 (SGK-1) are major glucocorticoid-inducible proteins. Recent studies indicate the local production of cortisol in oral mucosa, which can impact the tissue generation of glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) and SGK-1. Furthermore, GILZ and SGK-1 play pathogenic roles in a variety of cancers, but their status in potentially malignant (e.g., epithelial dysplasia) or malignant oral lesions remains unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that expression profiles of GILZ and SGK-1, along with the phosphorylated (active) form of SGK-1 (pSGK-1), are different in epithelial dysplasia than squamous cell carcinoma. Accordingly, archived paraffin-embedded biopsy samples were subjected to immunohistochemistry to establish tissue localization and the profile of proteins of interest, while hematoxylin-eosin stained tissues were used for histopathological assessment. Based on histopathological examinations, tissue specimens were categorized as displaying mild-moderate or severe epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma; benign keratosis specimens served as controls. All the tissue specimens showed staining for SGK-1 and pSGK-1; however, while SGK-1 staining was primarily cytoplasmic, pSGK-1 was mainly confined to the cell membrane. On the other hand, all the tissue specimens displayed primarily nuclear staining for GILZ. A semi-quantitative analysis of immunohistochemistry staining indicates increased GILZ expression in epithelial dysplasia but reversal in squamous cell carcinoma to a level seen for benign keratosis. On the other hand, the SGK-1 and pSGK-1 expressions decreased for squamous cell carcinoma specimens compared with benign keratosis or dysplastic specimens. Collectively, in this cross-sectional study, immunostaining patterns for proteins of interest do not seemingly differentiate epithelial dysplasia from squamous cell carcinoma. However, subcellular localization and expression profiles for GILZ, SGK-1, and pSGK-1 are suggestive of differential functional roles in dysplastic or malignant oral lesions compared with benign keratosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood S Mozaffari
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Rafik Abdelsayed
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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12
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There's more to a coronary thrombus than just platelets and fibrin – a new potential therapeutic target in the form of SGK-1 modulation? Rev Port Cardiol 2022; 41:281-282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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13
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Noor S, Mohammad T, Ashraf GM, Farhat J, Bilgrami AL, Eapen MS, Sohal SS, Yadav DK, Hassan MI. Mechanistic insights into the role of serum-glucocorticoid kinase 1 in diabetic nephropathy: A systematic review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:562-573. [PMID: 34715204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of serum-glucocorticoid kinase 1 (SGK1) contributes to the pathogenesis of multiple disorders, including diabetes, hypertension, obesity, fibrosis, and metabolic syndrome. SGK1 variant is expressed in the presence of insulin and several growth factors, eventually modulating various ion channels, carrier proteins, and transcription factors. SGK1 also regulates the enzymatic activity of Na+ K+ ATPase, glycogen synthase kinase-3, ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2, and phosphomannose mutase impacting cell cycle regulation, neuroexcitation, and apoptosis. Ample evidence supports the crucial role of aberrant SGK1 expression in hyperglycemia-mediated secondary organ damage. Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a dreadful microvascular complication of diabetes, is the leading cause of end-stage renal failures with high morbidity and mortality rate. The complex pathogenesis of DN encompasses several influencing factors, including transcriptional factors, inflammatory markers, cytokines, epigenetic modulators, and abnormal enzymatic activities. SGK1 plays a pivotal role by controlling various physiological functions associated with the occurrence and progression of DN; therefore, targeting SGK1 may favorably influence the clinical outcome in patients with DN. This review aimed to provide mechanistic insights into SGK1 regulated DN pathogenesis and summarize the evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of SGK1 inhibition and its consequences on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Noor
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Gulam M Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joviana Farhat
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi 112612, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anwar L Bilgrami
- Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Mathew Suji Eapen
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Hambakmoeiro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon City 21924, South Korea.
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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The role of immune cells in pulmonary hypertension: Focusing on macrophages. Hum Immunol 2021; 83:153-163. [PMID: 34844784 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life-threatening pathological state with elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, resulting in right ventricular failure and heart functional failure. Analyses of human samples and rodent models of pH support the infiltration of various immune cells, including neutrophils, mast cells, dendritic cells, B-cells, T-cells, and natural killer cells, to the lungs and pulmonary perivascular regions and their involvement in the PH development. There is evidence that macrophages are presented in the pulmonary lesions of pH patients as first-line myeloid leucocytes. Macrophage accumulation and presence, both M1 and M2 phenotypes, is a distinctive hallmark of pH which plays a pivotal role in pulmonary artery remodeling through various cellular and molecular interactions and mechanisms, including CCL2 and CX3CL1 chemokines, adventitial fibroblasts, glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1), crosstalk with other immune cells, leukotriene B4 (LTB4), bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1). In this paper, we reviewed the molecular mechanisms and the role of immune cells and responses are involved in PH development. We also summarized the polarization of macrophages in response to different stimuli and their pathological role and their infiltration in the lung of pH patients and animal models.
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Guerriero I, Monaco G, Coppola V, Orlacchio A. Serum and Glucocorticoid-Inducible Kinase 1 (SGK1) in NSCLC Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13110413. [PMID: 33266470 PMCID: PMC7700219 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the most prevalent and one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. Despite recent success, there is still an urgent need for new therapeutic strategies. It is also becoming increasingly evident that combinatorial approaches are more effective than single modality treatments. This review proposes that the serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) may represent an attractive target for therapy of NSCLC. Although ubiquitously expressed, SGK1 deletion in mice causes only mild defects of ion physiology. The frequent overexpression of SGK1 in tumors is likely stress-induced and provides a therapeutic window to spare normal tissues. SGK1 appears to promote oncogenic signaling aimed at preserving the survival and fitness of cancer cells. Most importantly, recent investigations have revealed the ability of SGK1 to skew immune-cell differentiation toward pro-tumorigenic phenotypes. Future studies are needed to fully evaluate the potential of SGK1 as a therapeutic target in combinatorial treatments of NSCLC. However, based on what is currently known, SGK1 inactivation can result in anti-oncogenic effects both on tumor cells and on the immune microenvironment. A first generation of small molecules to inactivate SGK1 has already been already produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Guerriero
- Biogem Institute for Genetic Research Gaetano Salvatore, Ariano Irpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy; (I.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Gianni Monaco
- Biogem Institute for Genetic Research Gaetano Salvatore, Ariano Irpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy; (I.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Coppola
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (A.O.); Tel.: +1-614-688-8038 (V.C.); +1-646-552-0641 (A.O.)
| | - Arturo Orlacchio
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (A.O.); Tel.: +1-614-688-8038 (V.C.); +1-646-552-0641 (A.O.)
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Suthprasertporn N, Mingchinda N, Fukunaga K, Thangnipon W. Neuroprotection of SAK3 on scopolamine-induced cholinergic dysfunction in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Cytotechnology 2020; 72:155-164. [PMID: 31933104 PMCID: PMC7002707 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-019-00366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of senile dementia. A number of factors have been proposed regarding pathology of AD, such as presence of β-amyloid, and cholinergic and oxidative stress. SAK3 (ethyl 8'-methyl-2',5-dioxo-2-piperidin-1-ylspiro[cyclopentene-3,3'-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine]-1-carboxylate) reduces β-amyloid deposition and improves cognitive functions in amyloid precursor protein knock-in mice. Scopolamine is used to induce in cell lines a cholinergic deficit that mimics AD. In order to evaluate the possible neuroprotective properties of SAK3, human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with the compound (25-100 nM) and further incubated in the presence of scopolamine (2 mM). SAK3 inhibited scopolamine-induced cellular apoptosis (morphologically and by determination of pro- and anti-apoptotic factor levels), increase in ROS levels, decrease in choline acetyltransferase level, phosphorylation of NF-κB, activation of Akt, JNK and p38 intracellular signaling pathways, and elevation of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6, but not enhanced level of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1). These results indicate SAK3 possessed protective properties against cholinergic deficit associated with anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities, suggesting that SAK3 might be a potential agent in the development of AD drug therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nopparat Suthprasertporn
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Nopparada Mingchinda
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Wipawan Thangnipon
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand.
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SGK1 Mediates Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension through Promoting Macrophage Infiltration and Activation. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2019; 2019:3013765. [PMID: 31815093 PMCID: PMC6877960 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3013765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Meanwhile, serum glucocorticoid-regulated kinase-1 (SGK1) has been considered to be an important factor in the regulation of inflammation in some vascular disease. However, the role of SGK1 in hypoxia-induced inflammation and PAH is still unknown. WT and SGK1−/− mice were exposed to chronic hypoxia to induce PAH. The quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the expression of SGK1. The right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI), RV/BW ratio, right ventricle systolic pressure (RVSP), and percentage of muscularised vessels and medical wall thickness were measured to evaluate PAH development. The infiltration of macrophages and localization of SGK1 on cells were examined by histological analysis. The effects of SGK1 on macrophage function and cytokine expression were assessed by comparing WT and SGK1−/− macrophages in vitro. SGK1 has high expression in hypoxia-induced PAH. Deficiency of SGK1 prevented the development of hypoxia-induced PAH and inhibited macrophage infiltration in the lung. In addition, SGK1 knockout inhibited the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages. SGK1-induced macrophage activation and proinflammatory response contributes to the development of PAH in hypoxia-treated mice. Thus, SGK1 might be considered a promising target for PAH treatment.
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Wang D, Huang Z, Li L, Yuan Y, Xiang L, Wu X, Ni C, Yu W. Intracarotid cold saline infusion contributes to neuroprotection in MCAO‑induced ischemic stroke in rats via serum and glucocorticoid‑regulated kinase 1. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3942-3950. [PMID: 31485662 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracarotid cold saline infusion (ICSI) brings about neuroprotective effects in ischemic stroke. However, the involvement of serum and glucocorticoid‑regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) in the underlying mechanism of ICSI is not fully understood; therefore, we used the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model to investigate the neuroprotective effects of ICSI on ischemic stroke in rats, as well as the involvement of SGK1 in these effects. ICSI decreased infarct size and brain swelling, as determined by 2,3,5‑triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and the dry‑wet weight method, respectively. The results of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) and Nissl staining showed that ICSI also suppressed apoptosis and increased the relative integral optical density (IOD) values of Nissl bodies in the rat MCAO model. Regarding the mechanism, the results of immunohistochemistry and western blotting revealed that ICSI upregulated SGK1 expression and downregulated beclin‑1 and LC‑3 expression in the rat MCAO model. In addition, SGK1 knockdown increased ICSI‑mediated infarct size and brain swelling, promoted apoptosis, and reduced the IOD values of Nissl bodies in the rat MCAO model. In addition, we found that SGK1 knockdown upregulated beclin‑1 and LC‑3 expression mediated by ICSI. Overall, ICSI had a neuroprotective effect on ischemic stroke after reperfusion by upregulating SGK1 and inhibiting autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhi Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Huang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Kaili, Guizhou 556000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of General Courses, People's Armed College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Yingnan Yuan
- School of Medical Imaging, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xiang
- School of Medical Imaging, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowen Wu
- School of Medical Imaging, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Caifang Ni
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Wenfeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
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Pallikkuth S, Pahwa R, Kausalya B, Saravanan S, Pan L, Vignesh R, Iqbal S, Solomon SS, Murugavel KG, Poongulali S, Kumarasamy N, Pahwa S. Cardiac morbidity in HIV infection is associated with checkpoint inhibitor LAG-3 on CD4 T cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206256. [PMID: 30379878 PMCID: PMC6209232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings point to a role of Checkpoint Inhibitor (CPI) receptors at the tissue level in immune homeostasis. Here we investigated the role of CPI molecules on immune cells in relation to cardiac function. Participants recruited in Chennai, India consisted of HIV+ ART naive viremic (Gp1 n = 102), HIV+ on ART, virologically suppressed (Gp2, n = 172) and HIV negative healthy controls (Gp3, n = 64). A cross-sectional analysis of cardiac function, arterial resistance and immunologic assessment of CPI expressing T cells was performed. Data indicate that ART naive exhibited cardiac function impairment and greater arterial stiffness than the other groups. Frequencies of CD4+ T cells expressing LAG-3 and PD1 were higher in ART naïve while TIGIT and TIM3 were similar among the patient groups. LAG-3+, PD1+ and dual LAG-3+PD1+ CD4 T cells were inversely correlated with cardiac function and arterial elasticity and directly with arterial stiffness in ART naïve participants and with arterial elasticity in virally suppressed group on ART. We conclude that HIV induced upregulation of LAG-3 singly or in combination with PD1 in immune cells may regulate cardiac health and warrant mechanistic investigations. The implications of these findings have bearing for the potential utility of anti-LAG-3 immunotherapy for cardiac dysfunction in chronic HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Pallikkuth
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Rajendra Pahwa
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | | | | | - Li Pan
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - R. Vignesh
- YRG Centre for AIDS Research and Education (YRG CARE), Chennai, India
| | - Syed Iqbal
- YRG Centre for AIDS Research and Education (YRG CARE), Chennai, India
| | - Sunil S. Solomon
- YRG Centre for AIDS Research and Education (YRG CARE), Chennai, India
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Savita Pahwa
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
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The role of GILZ in modulation of adaptive immunity in a murine model of myocardial infarction. Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 102:408-414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Effect of Repeated 1-h Episodes of Immobilization Stress on Activity of Glucocorticoid Metabolism Enzymes in the Liver. Bull Exp Biol Med 2016; 160:614-6. [PMID: 27021104 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-016-3230-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Differences in corticosterone level associated with different activity of glucocorticoid-oxidizing enzymes in the liver were revealed in rats exposed to stress. Pro-inflammatory changes in the liver were associated with enhanced CYP3A-dependent monooxygenation.
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22
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Upregulation of Programmed Death-1 and Its Ligand in Cardiac Injury Models: Interaction with GADD153. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124059. [PMID: 25902191 PMCID: PMC4406739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand, PD-L1, are regulators of immune/ inflammatory mechanisms. We explored the potential involvement of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in the inflammatory response and tissue damage in cardiac injury models. Experimental Design Ischemic-reperfused and cryoinjured hearts were processed for flow cytometry and immunohistochemical studies for determination of cardiac PD-1 and PD-L1 in the context of assessment of the growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible protein 153 (GADD153) which regulates both inflammation and cell death. Further, we explored the potential ability of injured cardiac cells to influence proliferation of T lymphocytes. Results The isolated ischemic-reperfused hearts displayed marked increases in expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in cardiomyocytes; however, immunofluorescent studies indicate that PD-1 and PD-L1 are not primarily co-expressed on the same cardiomyocytes. Upregulation of PD-1/PD-L1 was associated with a) marked increases in GADD153 and interleukin (IL)-17 but a mild increase in IL-10 and b) disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (ψm) as well as apoptotic and necrotic cell death. Importantly, while isotype matching treatment did not affect the aforementioned changes, treatment with the PD-L1 blocking antibody reversed those effects in association with marked cardioprotection. Further, ischemic-reperfused cardiac cells reduced proliferation of T lymphocytes, an effect partially reversed by PD-L1 antibody. Subsequent studies using the cryoinjury model of myocardial infarction revealed significant increases in PD-1, PD-L1, GADD153 and IL-17 positive cells in association with significant apoptosis/necrosis. Conclusions The data suggest that upregulation of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in cardiac injury models mediates tissue damage likely through a paracrine mechanism. Importantly, inhibition of T cell proliferation by ischemic-reperfused cardiac cells is consistent with the negative immunoregulatory role of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, likely reflecting an endogenous cardiac mechanism to curtail the deleterious impact of infiltrating immune cells to the damaged myocardium. The balance of these countervailing effects determines the extent of cardiac injury.
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Berdel HO, Yin H, Liu JY, Grochowska K, Middleton C, Yanasak N, Abdelsayed R, Berdel WE, Mozaffari M, Yu JC, Baban B. Targeting serum glucocorticoid-regulated kinase-1 in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a novel modality of local control. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113795. [PMID: 25485633 PMCID: PMC4259465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The inhibition of serum glucocorticoid-regulated kinase-1 (SGK-1) has been found to decrease growth of colon and prostate cancer cells. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic effect of SGK-1 inhibition in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Experimental Design Human head and neck tumors (HTB41/43) were established in athymic mice. Growth rates between mice treated with vehicle (PBS) injection (group 1, n = 5), SGK-1 Inhibitor GSK 650394 (group 2, n = 6), systemic cisplatin (group 3, n = 6), and a combination of SGK-1 Inhibitor and cisplatin (group 4, n = 6) were compared using repeated measures one-way ANOVA with Newman-Keuls Multiple Comparison Test. Tumor cells were subsequently submitted to further analyses. Results At the end of the experiment mean tumor sizes were 122.33+/−105.86, 76.73+/−36.09, 94.52+/−75.92, and 25.76+/−14.89 mm2 (mean +/− SD) for groups 1 to 4. Groups 2 and 3 showed decreased tumor growth compared to controls (p<0.001). Group 4 displayed even greater growth suppression (p<0.0001). Importantly, group 4 fared better than group 3 (p<0.001). CD44 expression was reduced in group 2 (p<0.05), and to an even greater extent in groups 3 and 4 (p<0.0025). A trend towards reduction of HER 2 expression was noted in group 4. Conclusions SGK-1 inhibition suppresses tumor growth, and in combination with systemic cisplatin exceeds the effect of cisplatin alone. Decreased expression of CD44 and HER 2 implies depletion of tumor stem cells, and less tumorigenicity. SGK-1 inhibition represents a potential modality of local control for palliation in advanced cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik O. Berdel
- Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
- Palmetto Health/University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Hongyu Yin
- Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Peking, China
| | - Jun Yao Liu
- Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | | | | | - Nathan Yanasak
- Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Rafik Abdelsayed
- Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Wolfgang E. Berdel
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Jack C. Yu
- Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Babak Baban
- Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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