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Cui X, Hu Y, Li D, Lu M, Zhang Z, Kan D, Li C. Association between estimated pulse wave velocity and in-hospital mortality of patients with acute kidney injury: a retrospective cohort analysis of the MIMIC-IV database. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2313172. [PMID: 38357758 PMCID: PMC10877647 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2313172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) has been found to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality and kidney injury, which can be estimated noninvasively. This study aimed to investigate the association between ePWV and in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). METHODS This study included 5960 patients with AKI from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. The low and high ePWV groups were compared using a Kaplan-Meier survival curve to evaluate the differences in survival status. Cox proportional hazards models were used to explore the association between ePWV and in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with AKI. To further examine the dose-response relationship, we used a restricted cubic spline (RCS) model. Stratification analyses were conducted to investigate the effect of ePWV on hospital mortality across various subgroups. RESULTS Survival analysis indicated that patients with high ePWV had a lower survival rate than those with low ePWV. Following adjustment, high ePWV demonstrated a statistically significant association with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality among AKI patients (HR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.36-1.71, p < 0.001). Analysis using the RCS model confirmed a linear increase in the risk of hospital mortality as the ePWV values increased (P for nonlinearity = 0.602). CONCLUSIONS A high ePWV was significantly associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality among patients with AKI. Furthermore, ePWV was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhai Cui
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanlong Hu
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dongxiao Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Mengkai Lu
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dongfang Kan
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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2
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Rigonatto RRF, Vitorino PVO, Oliveira AC, Sousa ALL, Jardim PCBV, Cunha PMGM, Barbosa ECD, Xaplanteris P, Vlachopoulos C, Barroso WKS. SAGE Score in Normotensive and Pre-Hypertensive Patients: A Proof of Concept. Arq Bras Cardiol 2023; 120:e20200291. [PMID: 36856235 PMCID: PMC9972660 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20220291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SAGE score was developed to detect individuals at risk for increased pulse wave velocity (PWV). So far, studies have been focused on hypertensive patients. OBJECTIVE To assess the ability of the score to detect non-hypertensive and pre-hypertensive patients at risk for increased PWV. METHODS Retrospective cross-sectional study of analysis of central blood pressure data and calculation of the SAGE score of non-hypertensive and pre-hypertensive patients. Each score point was analyzed for sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, using the cut-off point for positive diagnosis a PVW ≥ 10m/s, ≥9.08 m/s (75thpercentile) and ≥7.30 m/s (50thpercentile). A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The sample was composed of 100 normotensive and pre-hypertensive individuals, with mean age of 52.64 ± 14.94 years and median PWV of 7.30 m/s (6.03 - 9.08). The SAGE score was correlated with age (r=0.938, p<0.001), glycemia (r=0.366, p<0.001) and glomerular filtration rate (r=-0.658, p<0.001). The area under the ROC curve was 0.968 (p<0.001) for PWV ≥ 10 m/s, 0.977 (p<0.001) for PWV ≥ 9.08 m/s and 0.967 (p<0.001) for PWV ≥ 7.30 m/s. The score 7 showed a specificity of 95.40% and sensitivity of 100% for PWV≥10 m/s. The cut-off point would be of five for a PWV≥9.08 m/s (sensitivity =96.00%, specificity = 94.70%), and two for a PWV ≥ 7.30 m/s. CONCLUSION The SAGE score could identify individuals at higher risk of arterial stiffness, using different PWV cutoff points. However, the development of a specific score for normotensive and pre-hypertensive subjects is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayne Ramos Fagundes Rigonatto
- Universidade Federal de GoiásPrograma de Pós-graduação em Ciências da SaúdeGoiâniaGOBrasilUniversidade Federal de Goiás – Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Goiânia, GO – Brasil,Pontifícia Universidade Católica de GoiásEscola de Ciências Sociais e da SaúdeGoiâniaGOBrasilPontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás – Escola de Ciências Sociais e da Saúde, Goiânia, GO – Brasil
| | - Priscila Valverde Oliveira Vitorino
- Universidade Federal de GoiásPrograma de Pós-graduação em Ciências da SaúdeGoiâniaGOBrasilUniversidade Federal de Goiás – Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Goiânia, GO – Brasil,Pontifícia Universidade Católica de GoiásEscola de Ciências Sociais e da SaúdeGoiâniaGOBrasilPontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás – Escola de Ciências Sociais e da Saúde, Goiânia, GO – Brasil,Universidade Federal de GoiásLiga de Hipertensão ArterialGoiâniaGOBrasilUniversidade Federal de Goiás – Liga de Hipertensão Arterial, Goiânia, GO – Brasil
| | - Adriana Camargo Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de GoiásPrograma de Pós-graduação em Ciências da SaúdeGoiâniaGOBrasilUniversidade Federal de Goiás – Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Goiânia, GO – Brasil
| | - Ana Luiza Lima Sousa
- Universidade Federal de GoiásPrograma de Pós-graduação em Ciências da SaúdeGoiâniaGOBrasilUniversidade Federal de Goiás – Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Goiânia, GO – Brasil,Universidade Federal de GoiásLiga de Hipertensão ArterialGoiâniaGOBrasilUniversidade Federal de Goiás – Liga de Hipertensão Arterial, Goiânia, GO – Brasil
| | - Paulo César Brandão Veiga Jardim
- Universidade Federal de GoiásPrograma de Pós-graduação em Ciências da SaúdeGoiâniaGOBrasilUniversidade Federal de Goiás – Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Goiânia, GO – Brasil,Universidade Federal de GoiásLiga de Hipertensão ArterialGoiâniaGOBrasilUniversidade Federal de Goiás – Liga de Hipertensão Arterial, Goiânia, GO – Brasil
| | | | - Eduardo Costa Duarte Barbosa
- Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto AlegrePorto AlegreRSBrasilComplexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS – Brasil
| | - Panagiotis Xaplanteris
- Université Libre de BruxellesCardiology DepartmentBruxelasBélgicaUniversité Libre de Bruxelles – Cardiology Department, Bruxelas – Bélgica,National and Kapodistrian University of AthensSchool of MedicineDepartment of CardiologyAtenasGréciaNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine – First University Department of Cardiology, Atenas – Grécia
| | - Charalambos Vlachopoulos
- National and Kapodistrian University of AthensSchool of MedicineDepartment of CardiologyAtenasGréciaNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine – First University Department of Cardiology, Atenas – Grécia
| | - Weimar Kunz Sebba Barroso
- Universidade Federal de GoiásPrograma de Pós-graduação em Ciências da SaúdeGoiâniaGOBrasilUniversidade Federal de Goiás – Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Goiânia, GO – Brasil,Universidade Federal de GoiásLiga de Hipertensão ArterialGoiâniaGOBrasilUniversidade Federal de Goiás – Liga de Hipertensão Arterial, Goiânia, GO – Brasil
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3
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Zhou J, Wang Y, Feng Y, Chen X, Zhang Q. New indices of arterial stiffness correlate with disease severity and mid-term prognosis in acute decompensated heart failure. Intern Emerg Med 2021; 16:661-668. [PMID: 32888111 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-020-02486-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Arterial stiffness has been implicated in pathophysiology of heart failure (HF) since it is involved in the ventricular-vascular coupling. Recently, new indices obtained by a cuff oscillometric technique, the arterial velocity pulse index (AVI) for the stiffness of central arteries and the arterial pressure volume index (API) for the stiffness of peripheral arteries have been developed and validated. However, the AVI and API measurement has not been attempted in HF population. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the AVI, API and clinical parameters and outcomes in HF patients. A prospective cohort of patients with acute decompensated HF were enrolled within 6 months, who were admitted to a tertiary referral hospital in China. Measurement of the AVI and API (AVE-1500, Shisei Datum, Tokyo, Japan) was performed on the day of admission and discharge. Patients were followed up to 6 months for the composite endpoint of all-cause death and rehospitalization for HF. A total of 127 patients were recruited for analysis (60 ± 15 years, 70% male). 80% of the patients were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III or IV at admission with mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 34 ± 9%. During hospitalization, all patients received guideline-directed medical therapy if not contraindicated. The AVI (27.3 ± 5.0 vs. 28.6 ± 6.7, P = 0.002) and API (24.9 ± 4.9 vs. 26.0 ± 6.5, P = 0.05) were lower at discharge than at admission. By dividing the patients into mild to severe group based on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and LVEF or into tertiles according to the amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), transmitral E velocity over mitral annular e' velocity (E/e' ratio), it was observed that the AVI increased with a higher level of NT-proBNP (P for trend < 0.001), a larger E/e' (P for trend < 0.001) and a lower LVEF (P for trend = 0.0183), while the API increased as the E/e' and systolic blood pressure became higher (both P for trend < 0.05). The improvement in AVI at discharge was correlated with LVEF (R = - 0.3024, P < 0.05) and NT-proBNP improvement (R = 0.3118, P < 0.05), while the change in API was positively correlated with SBP change (R = 0.3897, P < 0.001). In 6 months after discharge, there were 52 predefined events including 15 deaths and 44 rehospitalization for HF. Apart from the level of NT-proBNP, the AVI at discharge of ≥ 26 showed a trend of being associated with the composite outcome (HR 2.747, 95% CI 1.411-5.349, P < 0.001 for univariate analysis; HR 1.864, 95% CI 0.892-3.893, P = 0.09761 for multivariate analysis). New noninvasive arterial stiffness indices as the AVI and API reflected severity of illness and midterm prognosis in admitted HF patients. Further studies are warranted for understanding its mechanisms and developing clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junteng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yushu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu First People's Hospital, No. 18 North Wanxiang Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yizhou Feng
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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4
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Mulè G, Vadalà M, Sinatra N, Mancia E, Sorce A, Geraci G, Carollo C, Montalbano K, Castellucci M, Guarrasi G, Cillino S, Cottone S. Relationship of choroidal thickness with pulsatile hemodynamics in essential hypertensive patients. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2021; 23:1030-1038. [PMID: 33492773 PMCID: PMC8678803 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Controversy exists about the association of choroidal thickness (CTh) with blood pressure (BP) values. There is some evidence suggesting that central hemodynamics changes are associated with microvascular disease. Our study was aimed to assess the relationships between CTh and clinic and 24‐h BP and between CTh and estimated 24‐h aortic pulse pressure (aPP), 24‐h aortic systolic BP (aSBP), and 24‐h aortic augmentation index (aAIx) in a group of hypertensive patients. We enrolled 158 hypertensive subjects (mean age 48 ± 13 years) all of which underwent evaluation of the choroidal district by Swept‐Source optical coherence tomography (SS‐OCT) and 24‐h BP monitoring, in order to measure peripheral BP and to estimate central hemodynamic parameters. Inverse significant correlations of clinic PP, 24‐h aPP, 24‐h aSBP, and 24‐h aAIx with thicknesses of central ring, inner ring, and outer ring of the choroid and its overall average were found. The strongest of these correlations was that relating 24‐h aPP with overall average choroidal thickness (r = −.531; P < .001). When we divided the study population in subjects with 24‐h aPP above and below the median value (35 mm Hg), CTh were thinner in subjects with higher values of 24‐aPP as compared to those with lower ones, even after adjustment for age, and other potential confounders. The relationships of CTh with 24‐h aPP remained significant also taking into account the effects of various covariates in linear multiple regression analyses. Our findings support the concept of a cross‐talk between macro‐ and microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mulè
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "G. D'Alessandro" (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Unit of Nephrology and Hypertension, European Society of Hypertension Excellence Centre, Università degli studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Vadalà
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina sperimentale e Neuroscienze cliniche, Università degli studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicola Sinatra
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "G. D'Alessandro" (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Unit of Nephrology and Hypertension, European Society of Hypertension Excellence Centre, Università degli studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ettore Mancia
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "G. D'Alessandro" (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Unit of Nephrology and Hypertension, European Society of Hypertension Excellence Centre, Università degli studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sorce
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "G. D'Alessandro" (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Unit of Nephrology and Hypertension, European Society of Hypertension Excellence Centre, Università degli studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulio Geraci
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "G. D'Alessandro" (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Unit of Nephrology and Hypertension, European Society of Hypertension Excellence Centre, Università degli studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina Carollo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "G. D'Alessandro" (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Unit of Nephrology and Hypertension, European Society of Hypertension Excellence Centre, Università degli studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Katia Montalbano
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "G. D'Alessandro" (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Unit of Nephrology and Hypertension, European Society of Hypertension Excellence Centre, Università degli studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimo Castellucci
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina sperimentale e Neuroscienze cliniche, Università degli studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Guarrasi
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina sperimentale e Neuroscienze cliniche, Università degli studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cillino
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina sperimentale e Neuroscienze cliniche, Università degli studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Santina Cottone
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "G. D'Alessandro" (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Unit of Nephrology and Hypertension, European Society of Hypertension Excellence Centre, Università degli studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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5
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Okamoto T, Hashimoto Y, Kobayashi R, Nakazato K, Willems MET. Effects of blackcurrant extract on arterial functions in older adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Clin Exp Hypertens 2020; 42:640-647. [PMID: 32396017 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2020.1764015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Blackcurrant extract mainly contains anthocyanins. Several reports suggest that anthocyanins have beneficial effect for cardiovascular functions. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of 7-day intake of New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) extract on arterial functions, e.g. arterial stiffness, and serum lipids. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design study with a washout period of 28 days was conducted. Fourteen older adults participated in this study (age 73.3 ± 1.7 years). Participants took either a 7-day course of placebo or two capsules of NZBC extract (each 300 mg capsule contains 35% blackcurrant extract). Participants took one of the two trials first and then took the other after a washout period. Carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity, an index of central arterial stiffness, and central blood pressure were measured at baseline and again at the end of the 7-day study period. RESULTS Compared to baseline, carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity (P = .03) and central blood pressure (P = .02) decreased significantly after the 7-day study period with NZBC intake. In addition, carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity (P = .04) and central blood pressure (P = .001) in the NZBC intake trial decreased significantly more than in the placebo intake trial. No effects were observed on serum lipids. CONCLUSION These results suggest that short-term NZBC intake reduces central arterial stiffness and central blood pressure in older adults. Therefore, anthocyanin-rich blackcurrants might be beneficial for maintaining or improving cardiovascular health as an alternative to pharmaceutical medications. ABBREVIATIONS Aix: augmentation index; BP: blood pressure; cfPWV: carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity; CVD: cardiovascular diseases; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; faPWV: femoral-ankle pulse-wave velocity; FG: fasting glucose; HDL: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MBP: mean blood pressure; NZBC: New Zealand blackcurrant; PP: pulse pressure; SBP: systolic blood pressure; TG: triglycerides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Okamoto
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Nippon Sport Science University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuto Hashimoto
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Nippon Sport Science University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Kobayashi
- Center for Fundamental Education, Teikyo University of Science , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakazato
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Nippon Sport Science University , Tokyo, Japan
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Arterial Hemodynamics in Prehypertensives. Int J Hypertens 2019; 2019:3961723. [PMID: 31057958 PMCID: PMC6463591 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3961723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to age-matched normotensive adults, those with essential hypertension have been shown to have distinct arterial hemodynamic abnormalities consisting of increased peripheral resistance, pulse wave velocity, and wave reflection magnitude as well as decreased wave reflection time and aortic compliance. These abnormalities are further exacerbated by beta-adrenergic blockade. To see if there are similar hemodynamic abnormalities that antedate the onset of fixed hypertension, we compared age-matched normotensives with prehypertensives selected from patients undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Ascending aortic pressure and flow were measured with a micromanometer and flow velocity sensor in the baseline state and after beta-adrenergic blockade. In the baseline state the prehypertensive compared to the normotensive group had elevated blood pressure, resistance, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), and wave reflections. Beta-adrenergic blockade increased resistance, LVEDP, and wave reflections in both groups. Some of these findings are the same as those we previously reported in young persons with established, essential hypertension. The differences in LVEDP and wave reflections, both in the baseline state and after beta-blockade, were still present in subgroups with no differences in blood pressure. Hence, the elevated wave reflections in prehypertensives do not appear to be directly related to the level of blood pressure. These results support the notion that the elevated blood pressure in hypertension may represent a later manifestation of an already abnormal vascular system rather than the vascular abnormalities resulting from hypertension. Consequently, even before blood pressure becomes elevated, early diagnosis and treatment of the vascular abnormalities in prehypertensives may be warranted.
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7
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Lima-Junior DD, Farah BQ, Germano-Soares AH, Andrade-Lima A, Silva GO, Rodrigues SLC, Ritti-Dias R. Association between handgrip strength and vascular function in patients with hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 2018; 41:692-695. [DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2018.1539096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dalton de Lima-Junior
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Breno Quintella Farah
- Department of Physical Education, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Aluísio Andrade-Lima
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
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8
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Blacher J, Levy BI, Mourad JJ, Safar ME, Bakris G. Hypertension control and cardiovascular disease - Authors' reply. Lancet 2017; 389:154-155. [PMID: 28102139 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Blacher
- Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Diagnosis and Therapeutic Centre, Hôtel-Dieu University Hospital, Paris 75004, France.
| | - Bernard I Levy
- Vessels and Blood Institute, Lariboisière University Hospital, Paris, France; Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Mourad
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Paris 13 University, Paris, France; Department of Internal Medicine, Avicenne University Hospital, Bobigny, France
| | - Michel E Safar
- Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Diagnosis and Therapeutic Centre, Hôtel-Dieu University Hospital, Paris 75004, France
| | - George Bakris
- Department of Medicine, American Society of Hypertension Comprehensive Hypertension Center, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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