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Shaikh A, Chandel P, Chandel D. Genotoxic risk in occupational exposure to petrol and its amelioration by vitamin C and vitamin E. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2021; 77:446-454. [PMID: 34002680 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2021.1926214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Petrol contains mixture of mutagens and carcinogens which have potential health risk after prolonged occupational exposure. We have compared genotoxicity and its amelioration in blood samples from 70 petrol pump attendants, working in congested area of the Ahmedabad city, India and similar number (n = 70) of Control samples from office workers dwelling in less polluted areas of the city. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay showed highly significant frequencies of micronucleus in Exposed than in the Controls. The sister chromatid exchanges were also significantly increased while the cell cycle proliferative index was significantly decreased in the Exposed individuals than the Controls. Addition of standardized doses of vitamin C and vitamin E in the lymphocyte cultures (in vitro) significantly improved all the biomarkers. The long-term occupational petrol exposure causes genotoxic effects and use of vitamins C and E for protection should be further explored in randomized controlled studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrin Shaikh
- Department of Zoology, BMT and Human Genetics, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Puranjay Chandel
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS-Pilani), Pilani, India
| | - Divya Chandel
- Department of Zoology, BMT and Human Genetics, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
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Kriech AJ, Schreiner CA, Osborn LV, Riley AJ. Assessing cancer hazards of bitumen emissions – a case study for complex petroleum substances. Crit Rev Toxicol 2017; 48:121-142. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2017.1391170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Serdar B, Brindley S, Dooley G, Volckens J, Juarez-colunga E, Gan R. Short-term markers of DNA damage among roofers who work with hot asphalt. Environ Health 2016; 15:99. [PMID: 27765036 PMCID: PMC5072307 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-016-0182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Roofers are at increased risk for various malignancies and their occupational exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been considered as important risk factors. The overall goal of this project was to investigate the usefulness of phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX) as a short-term biomarker of DNA damage among roofers. METHODS Blood, urine, and dermal wipe samples were collected from 20 roofers who work with hot asphalt before and after 6 h of work on Monday and Thursday of the same week (4 sampling periods). Particle-bound and gas-phase PAHs were collected using personal monitors during work hours. γH2AX was quantified in peripheral lymphocytes using flow cytometry and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was assessed in urine using ELISA. General linear mixed models were used to evaluate associations between DNA damage and possible predictors (such as sampling period, exposure levels, work- and life-style factors). Differences in mean biomarker and DNA damage levels were tested via ANOVA contrasts. RESULTS Exposure measurements did not show an association with any of the urinary biomarkers or the measures of DNA damage. Naphthalene was the most abundant PAH in gas-phase, while benzo(e)pyrene was the most abundant particle-bound PAH. Post-shift levels of γH2AX and 8-OHdG were higher on both study days, when compared to pre-shift levels. Cigarette smoking was a predictor of γH2AX and urinary creatinine was a predictor of urinary 8-OHdG. Between-subject variance to total variance ratio was 35.3 % for γH2ax and 4.8 % for 8-OHdG. CONCLUSION γH2AX is a promising biomarker of DNA damage in occupational epidemiology studies. It has a lower within-subject variation than urinary 8-OHdG and can easily be detected in large scale groups. Future studies that explore the kinetics of H2AX phosphorylation in relation to chemical exposures may reveal the transient and persistent nature of this sensitive biomarker of early DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrin Serdar
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, USA
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop B119-V20, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Rm. V20-3126, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Stephen Brindley
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, USA
| | - Greg Dooley
- Analytical Toxicology Laboratory, Center for Environmental Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - John Volckens
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Elizabeth Juarez-colunga
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, USA
| | - Ryan Gan
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, USA
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Yilmaz ÖH, Bal C, Neşelioglu S, Büyükşekerci M, Gündüzöz M, Eren F, Tutkun L, Yilmaz FM. Thiol/disulfide homeostasis in asphalt workers. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2016; 71:268-272. [PMID: 26230037 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2015.1076760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate thiol/disulfide homeostasis in asphalt workers who are exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons occupationally. The study was carried out in 34 nonsmoker asphalt workers. Additionally, 35 healthy nonsmoker volunteers were recruited as control group. Thiol and disulfide concentrations were determined using the novel automated measurement method. Levels of urinary 1-OH-pyrene were analyzed by liquid chromatography. Disulfide/thiol ratio was significantly higher in exposed group (p = .034). Also, a positive correlation was detected between disulfide/thiol ratio and 1-OH-pyrene values (r = .249, p = .036). Thiol/disulfide homeostasis was found to be disturbed in asphalt workers. The novel test used in this study may be useful for evaluating the oxidative status in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Hınç Yilmaz
- a Department of Public Health , Yıldırım Beyazıt University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ceylan Bal
- b Department of Biochemistry , Occupational Diseases Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Salim Neşelioglu
- c Department of Biochemistry , Atatürk Educational and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Murat Büyükşekerci
- d Department of Pharmacology , Occupational Diseases Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Meşide Gündüzöz
- e Department of Family Medicine , Occupational Diseases Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Funda Eren
- c Department of Biochemistry , Atatürk Educational and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Lutfiye Tutkun
- f Department of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering Division , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Fatma Meric Yilmaz
- g Department of Biochemistry , Yıldırım Beyazıt University Medical Faculty , Ankara , Turkey
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Metabolites of the PAH diol epoxide pathway and other urinary biomarkers of phenanthrene and pyrene in workers with and without exposure to bitumen fumes. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2016; 89:1251-1267. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-016-1160-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Singaravelu SR, Sellappa S. Increased cytogenetic abnormalities in exfoliated oral mucosal cells of South Indian foundry workers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:2721-2725. [PMID: 25205155 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3543-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Biomonitoring offers a valuable tool to estimate the genetic risk as of exposure to genotoxic agents. Here, we intend to assess the potential cytogenetic damage related with occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by evaluating the genetic damages in exfoliated buccal epithelial cells of foundry workers via counting micronucleus (MNs) and other nuclear abnormalities (NAs). This was a cross-sectional study and all study subjects were male . Exfoliated buccal mucosal cells were obtained from 100 subjects involved in either foundry molding or melting processes, and 100 controls matched for sex, age, and smoking from the area of Coimbatore city, Southern India. For each individual, 2000 exfoliated buccal cells were analyzed. Significantly, there was a higher frequency of MN in the exposed workers than in the controls (P < 0.05). Smoking was associated with the increased frequencies of micronuclei and NAs in the buccal epithelium of both the control and the exposed groups. Smoking represented significant factors in terms of increasing the production of MN when the control and the exposed groups were compared (P < 0.05). The results specify that buccal cells of foundry workers display increased levels of genotoxicity and these biomarker responses may be related to the increased cancer risk. These results conclude that the studied individuals are at a risk group and they require periodical biological monitoring and proper care which is essential for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Ramalingam Singaravelu
- Molecular Diagnosis and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India,
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Bacaksiz A, Kayaalti Z, Soylemez E, Tutkun E, Soylemezoglu T. Lymphocyte DNA damage in Turkish asphalt workers detected by the comet assay. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2013; 24:11-17. [PMID: 23638654 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2013.773586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Asphalt has a highly complex structure and it contains several organic compounds including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic compounds. In this study, comet assay was used to detect the DNA damage in blood lymphocytes of 30 workers exposed to asphalt fumes and 30 nonexposed controls. This is the first report on Turkish asphalt workers' investigated DNA damage using the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE). The DNA damage was evaluated by the percentage of DNA in the comet tail (% tail DNA) for each cell. According to our results, workers exposed to asphalt fumes had higher DNA damage than the control group (p < 0.01). The present study showed that asphalt fumes caused a significant increase in DNA damage and the comet assay is a suitable method for determining DNA damage in asphalt workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Bacaksiz
- a Department of Nutrition and Dietetics , Fazil Boyner School of Health, Kastamonu University , Kastamonu , Turkey
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Chen HL, Yang CH, Lin MH. Removal efficiency of vapour/particulate phase PAHs by using alternative protective respirators in PAHs exposure workers. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 219-220:190-195. [PMID: 22525483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Due to the high heat environment in foundry industries, it is difficult for foundry workers to wear masks during their workday. Thus, how to prevent inhaling vapour or the particulate phase of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is important for occupational hazard management. The present study assesses the characteristics of PAHs emission in foundry and plastic industries to evaluate the removal efficiencies of PAHs while workers use alternative personal protective equipment. The highest 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) level was found for workers who used a cotton-fabric face mask (1.19 μg/g creatinine) and activated-carbon face mask (1.16 μg/g creatinine), compared to a lower level in workers who wore a surgical face mask (0.27 μg/g creatinine) and a N95 respirator (0.51 μg/g creatinine). The urinary 1-OHP in end-of-shift samples correlated to the airborne vapour phase Bapeq, but not for the particulate phase Bapeq in the foundry industry. This is probably because workers wore personal protective equipment that only removed the particulate phase PAH. The current study suggests that future work focus on developing an appropriate and comfortable respirator with high removal efficiency for ultrafine particulates and vapour phase PAHs simultaneously in PAH work environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Ling Chen
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Lacquaniti A, Fenga C, Venuti VA, Pernice L, Catanzariti S, Sirna G, Pernice F, Arena A, Lupica R, Abbate C, Buemi M. Hydrocarbons and kidney damage: potential use of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and sister chromatide exchange. Am J Nephrol 2012; 35:271-8. [PMID: 22378219 DOI: 10.1159/000336310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Millions of workers are exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and it is known that the kidney is a target for toxic chemicals. We have evaluated neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a potential marker of tubular damage and have used it, with sister chromatid exchange (SCE) analysis, to evaluate carcinogenic risk in a group of workers from an oil refinery. METHODS NGAL and SCE analysis were evaluated in 160 subjects. Exposed subjects were divided into three groups, according to levels of exposure to PAHs: 40 highly exposed workmen (WM), 40 less exposed office workers (OW), and 40 subjects (GE) living in Gela. The control group included 40 healthy subjects (HS). RESULTS WM, OW and GE showed higher NGAL levels than HS. WM had higher levels of NGAL than the OW and GE groups; in ROC analysis, serum NGAL showed a good diagnostic profile (sensitivity 87.5%; specificity 100.0%), as did urinary NGAL (sensitivity 90.0%; specificity 92.5%). Moreover, regarding SCE analysis, WM showed higher values than HS. A direct correlation between SCE and serum NGAL was found in WM, the group most exposed to PAHs. CONCLUSION The high values of NGAL are an expression of damage to the renal tubule determined by exposure to PAHs. Compared to the other groups studied, chromosomal aberrations - expressed as SCE - were increased in WM, the group most exposed to PAHs, indicating genotoxic damage. NGAL may also play a role in the process of carcinogenesis having a direct correlation with the number of SCEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lacquaniti
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
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Serdar B, Lee D, Dou Z. Biomarkers of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and DNA damage: a cross-sectional pilot study among roofers in South Florida. BMJ Open 2012; 2:bmjopen-2012-001318. [PMID: 22815468 PMCID: PMC3401830 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main goal of this pilot study was to assess the technical and logistic feasibility of a future study. The research hypothesis is that occupational exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are associated with increased risk of DNA damage among roofers who work with hot asphalt. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional pilot study. SETTING The study included roofers from four different construction sites in Miami-Dade County, Florida. PARTICIPANTS 19 roofers were recruited (six Hispanics and 13 African-Americans, all male), all of whom were eligible (no history of cancer and no history of chronic diseases of kidneys or liver). All participants provided pre-shift samples and 18 provided post-shift samples. Samples of one participant were excluded from the final analyses as they were considered unreliable. RESULTS Levels of urinary PAH metabolites increased during 6 h of work. Linear regression models of post-shift metabolites included their pre-shift levels, post-shift urinary creatinine levels (for models of 1-OHPyr and 9-OHPhe), and skin burn due to contact with hot asphalt (for models of 1-OHPyr and 1-OHNap). Pre-shift levels of urinary 8-OHdG were not associated with any of the variables considered. For post-shift levels of 8-OHdG, however, post-shift 1-OHPyr (95% CI 0.091 to 0.788) and use of protective gloves (95% CI -1.57 to -0.61) during work explained 86.8% of its variation. Overall, highest levels of urinary PAH metabolites and of 8-OHdG were observed among workers who reported having skin burn and who did not use gloves during work. CONCLUSIONS Urinary 1-OHPyr is a promising predictor of oxidative DNA damage among roofers. Work-related skin burn and use of protective gloves appear to influence PAH exposure and DNA damage levels in this group, suggesting the importance of dermal absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrin Serdar
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David Lee
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Zihong Dou
- PharmaOn, Monmouth Junction, New Jersey, USA
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Cavallari JM, Osborn LV, Snawder JE, Kriech AJ, Olsen LD, Herrick RF, Mcclean MD. Predictors of Airborne Exposures to Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds and Total Organic Matter among Hot-Mix Asphalt Paving Workers and Influence of Work Conditions and Practices. ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE 2011; 56:138-47. [DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mer088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Isabel RRM, Sandra GA, Rafael VP, Carmen MV, Josefina CE, del Carmen CEM, Rocío GM, Francisco AH, Elena CSM. Evaluation of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) adduct levels and DNA strand breaks in human peripheral blood lymphocytes exposedin vitroto polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with or without animal metabolic activation. Toxicol Mech Methods 2011; 22:170-83. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2011.623330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Kumar A, Yadav A, Giri SK, Dev K, Gautam SK, Gupta R, Aggarwal N. Influence of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes and confounding factors on the frequency of sister chromatid exchange and micronucleus among road construction workers. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 84:564-570. [PMID: 21543101 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2010] [Revised: 03/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we have investigated the influence of polymorphism of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes and confounding factors such as age, sex, exposure duration and consumption habits on cytogenetic biomarkers. Frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), high frequency cell (HFC) and cytokinesis blocked micronuclei (CBMN) were evaluated in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 115 occupationally exposed road construction workers and 105 unexposed individuals. The distribution of null and positive genotypes of glutathione-S transferase gene was evaluated by multiplex PCR among control and exposed subjects. An increased frequency of CBMN (7.03±2.08); SCE (6.95±1.76) and HFC (6.28±1.69) were found in exposed subjects when compared to referent (CBMN - 3.35±1.10; SCE - 4.13±1.30 and HFC - 3.98±1.56). These results were found statistically significant at p<0.05. When the effect of confounding factors on the frequency of studied biomarkers was evaluated, a strong positive interaction was found. The individuals having GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes had higher frequency of CBMN, SCE and HFC. The association between GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes and studied biomarkers was found statistically significant at p<0.05. Our findings suggest that individuals having null type of GST are more susceptible to cytogenetic damage by occupational exposure regardless of confounding factors. There is a significant effect of polymorphism of these genes on cytogenetic biomarkers which are considered as early effects of genotoxic carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
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Marczynski B, Raulf-Heimsoth M, Spickenheuer A, Pesch B, Kendzia B, Mensing T, Engelhardt B, Lee EH, Schindler BK, Heinze E, Welge P, Bramer R, Angerer J, Breuer D, Käfferlein HU, Brüning T. DNA adducts and strand breaks in workers exposed to vapours and aerosols of bitumen: associations between exposure and effect. Arch Toxicol 2011; 85 Suppl 1:S53-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0682-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Schreiner CA. Review of mechanistic studies relevant to the potential carcinogenicity of asphalts. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 59:270-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Pesch B, Spickenheuer A, Kendzia B, Schindler BK, Welge P, Marczynski B, Rihs HP, Raulf-Heimsoth M, Angerer J, Brüning T. Urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in workers exposed to vapours and aerosols of bitumen. Arch Toxicol 2011; 85 Suppl 1:S29-39. [PMID: 21359563 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0680-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Urinary hydroxylated metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were investigated as potential biomarkers of bitumen exposure in a cross-shift study in 317 exposed and 117 non-exposed workers. Personal measurements of the airborne concentration of vapours and aerosols of bitumen during a working shift were weakly associated with post-shift concentrations of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) and 1-, 2+9-, 3- and 4-hydroxyphenanthrenes (further referred to their sum as OHPHE), but not 1- and 2-hydroxynaphthalene (OHNA). Smoking showed a strong influence on the metabolite concentrations, in particular on OHNA. Pre-shift concentrations of 1-OHP and OHPHE did not differ between the study groups (P = 0.16 and P = 0.89, respectively). During shift, PAH metabolite concentrations increased in exposed workers and non-exposed smokers. Statistical modelling of post-shift concentrations revealed a small increase in 1-OHP by a factor of 1.02 per 1 mg/m(3) bitumen (P = 0.02) and 1.04 for OHPHE (P < 0.001). A group difference was observed that was diminished in non-smokers. Exposed non-smokers had a median post-shift 1-OHP concentration of 0.42 μg/l, and non-smoking referents 0.13 μg/l. Although post-shift concentrations of 1-OHP and OHPHE were slightly higher than those in the general population, they were much lower than in coke-oven workers. The small content of PAHs in vapours and aerosols of bitumen, the increasing use of additives to asphalt mixtures, the strong impact of smoking and their weak association with airborne bitumen limit the use of PAH metabolites as specific biomarkers of bitumen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Pesch
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
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Oxidative damage in foundry workers occupationally co-exposed to PAHs and metals. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2010; 213:93-8. [PMID: 20153695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Revised: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been reported in foundries. A higher risk for DNA damage or oxidative damage lesions was also found in occupationally PAH-exposed groups. The aim of this study was to assess PAH exposure by urinary excretion of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), a biological exposure marker. Furthermore, we aimed to evaluate the oxidative damage of foundry workers with different job tasks and the association between 1-OHP, metal exposure and oxidative damage in foundry workers exposed to pervasive carcinogens. A higher concentration of 1-OHP was found in the exposed group (0.322+/-0.289 microg/g creatinine) relative to the control group (0.178+/-0.289 microg/g creatinine) (p<0.05). Moreover, higher levels of 1-OHP were found in workers involved in manufacturing processes (0.346 microg/g creatinine) compared to administrative workers (0.018 microg/g creatinine). A positive correlation was identified between levels of 1-OHP and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), DNA strand breakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) in all study subjects. However, when foundry workers were considered based on their specific job categories, a similar trend for 1-OHP and three oxidative damage markers was only found for DNA strand breakage, but not for 8-OH-dG or MDA. Other factors such as furnace equipment, PAH types, and job categories may contribute to different PAH emissions. The study also suggested that co-exposure to metal and PAHs, and smoking status in foundry industries may also cause the oxidative damage in foundry workers.
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Karaman A, Pirim I. Exposure to bitumen fumes and genotoxic effects on Turkish asphalt workers. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2009; 47:321-6. [DOI: 10.1080/15563650902817393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Amorim LCA, Dimandja JM, Cardeal ZDL. Analysis of hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:2900-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Revised: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Limón-Pacheco J, Gonsebatt ME. The role of antioxidants and antioxidant-related enzymes in protective responses to environmentally induced oxidative stress. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2009; 674:137-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Lindberg HK, Väänänen V, Järventaus H, Suhonen S, Nygren J, Hämeilä M, Valtonen J, Heikkilä P, Norppa H. Genotoxic effects of fumes from asphalt modified with waste plastic and tall oil pitch. Mutat Res 2008; 653:82-90. [PMID: 18499510 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Revised: 02/29/2008] [Accepted: 03/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
As the use of recycled materials and industrial by-products in asphalt mixtures is increasing, we investigated if recycled additives modify the genotoxicity of fumes emitted from asphalt. Fumes were generated in the laboratory at paving temperature from stone-mastic asphalt (SMA) and from SMA modified with waste plastic (90% polyethylene, 10% polypropylene) and tall oil pitch (SMA-WPT). In addition, fumes from SMA, SMA-WPT, asphalt concrete (AC), and AC modified with waste plastic and tall oil pitch (AC-WPT) were collected at paving sites. The genotoxicity of the fumes was studied by analysis of DNA damage (measured in the comet assay) and micronucleus formation in human bronchial epithelial BEAS 2B cells in vitro and by counting mutations in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and YG1024. DNA damage was also assessed in buccal leukocytes from road pavers before and after working with SMA, SMA-WPT, AC, and AC-WPT. The chemical composition of the emissions was analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The SMA-WPT fume generated in the laboratory induced a clear increase in DNA damage in BEAS 2B cells without metabolic activation. The laboratory-generated SMA fume increased the frequency of micronucleated BEAS 2B cells without metabolic activation. None of the asphalt fumes collected at the paving sites produced DNA damage with or without metabolic activation. Fumes from SMA and SMA-WPT from the paving sites increased micronucleus frequency without metabolic activation. None of the asphalt fumes studied showed mutagenic activity in Salmonella. No statistically significant differences in DNA damage in buccal leukocytes were detected between the pre- and post-shift samples collected from the road pavers. However, a positive correlation was found between DNA damage and the urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) after work shift, which suggested an association between occupational exposures during road paving and genotoxic effects. Our results indicate that fumes from SMA and SMA-WPT contain direct-acting genotoxic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna K Lindberg
- New Technologies and Risks, Work Environment Development, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland
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Novotna B, Topinka J, Solansky I, Chvatalova I, Lnenickova Z, Sram RJ. Impact of air pollution and genotype variability on DNA damage in Prague policemen. Toxicol Lett 2007; 172:37-47. [PMID: 17590289 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
DNA integrity was analyzed in the lymphocytes of 65 non-smoking city policemen during January and September 2004 using the comet assay combined with excision repair enzymes. Information about inhalation exposure was obtained by (1) stationary monitoring of PM2.5 and carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (cPAHs) during the sampling periods and (2) personal exposure monitoring of cPAHs 48h before blood sampling. The data were completed by a lifestyle questionnaire. Regardless of the season of the year, policemen working outdoors (exposed group) exhibited higher levels of DNA damage than those working indoors (controls). Within the exposed group, the levels of both unspecified and oxidative DNA damage detected in January significantly exceeded those found in September. The controls did not show analogous inter-seasonal variability. The winter levels of oxidative DNA damage positively correlated with exposure to cPAHs, probably reflecting increased oxidative stress as a result of high concentrations of PM2.5. In comparison with the wild type genotype, the carriers of at least one mutated allele, CYP1A1*2C (Ile/Val), MTHFR 2656 or MS 2656, and the EPHX1-medium phenotype appeared to be more susceptible specifically to the induction of oxidative DNA damage, while the p53 MspI mutation predisposed the carrier to a higher incidence of both breaks and oxidative lesions in DNA. In contrast, GSTM1-null and vitamin C tended rather to protect DNA integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Novotna
- Laboratory of Genetic Ecotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and Health Institute of Central Bohemia, Vídenská 1083, 142 20 Praha 4, Czech Republic.
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