1
|
Fussell JC, Kelly FJ. Oxidative contribution of air pollution to extrinsic skin ageing. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 151:111-122. [PMID: 31874249 PMCID: PMC7322554 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
•Epidemiological evidence links exposure to poor air quality to lentigines and wrinkles. •Experimental studies provide mechanistic explanations involving oxidative stress. •Polluted air may hasten skin ageing through indirect systemic effects via the lung and/or direct effects on cutaneous tissue. •Prevention measures would need to combine strategies that target both ‘routes’. •Air pollution is one of several environmental stressors that combined, may have additive/synergistic effects on the skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Fussell
- NIHR Health Impact of Environmental Hazards HPRU, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Frank J Kelly
- NIHR Health Impact of Environmental Hazards HPRU, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Araviiskaia E, Berardesca E, Bieber T, Gontijo G, Sanchez Viera M, Marrot L, Chuberre B, Dreno B. The impact of airborne pollution on skin. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:1496-1505. [PMID: 30897234 PMCID: PMC6766865 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Indoor and outdoor airborne pollutants modify our environment and represent a growing threat to human health worldwide. Airborne pollution effects on respiratory and cardiac health and diseases have been well established, but its impact on skin remains poorly described. Nonetheless, the skin is one of the main targets of pollutants, which reach the superficial and deeper skin layers by transcutaneous and systemic routes. In this review, we report the outcomes of basic and clinical research studies monitoring pollutant levels in human tissues including the skin and hair. We present a current understanding of the biochemical and biophysical effects of pollutants on skin metabolism, inflammatory processes and oxidative stress, with a focus on polyaromatic hydrocarbons and ground-level ozone that are widespread outdoor pollutants whose effects are mostly studied. We reviewed the literature to report the clinical effects of pollutants on skin health and skin ageing and their impact on some chronic inflammatory skin diseases. We also discuss the potential interactions of airborne pollutants with either ultraviolet radiation or human skin microbiota and their specific impact on skin health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Araviiskaia
- Department of Dermatology and Venereal Diseases, First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E Berardesca
- San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - T Bieber
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - G Gontijo
- Department of Dermatology, UFMG Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - L Marrot
- L'Oréal Advanced Research, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - B Chuberre
- L'Oréal Cosmétique Active International, Levallois-Perret, France
| | - B Dreno
- Onco-Dermatology Department, CHU Nantes, CRCINA, University Nantes, Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Serdar B, Brindley S, Dooley G, Volckens J, Juarez-colunga E, Gan R. Short-term markers of DNA damage among roofers who work with hot asphalt. Environ Health 2016; 15:99. [PMID: 27765036 PMCID: PMC5072307 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-016-0182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Roofers are at increased risk for various malignancies and their occupational exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been considered as important risk factors. The overall goal of this project was to investigate the usefulness of phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX) as a short-term biomarker of DNA damage among roofers. METHODS Blood, urine, and dermal wipe samples were collected from 20 roofers who work with hot asphalt before and after 6 h of work on Monday and Thursday of the same week (4 sampling periods). Particle-bound and gas-phase PAHs were collected using personal monitors during work hours. γH2AX was quantified in peripheral lymphocytes using flow cytometry and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was assessed in urine using ELISA. General linear mixed models were used to evaluate associations between DNA damage and possible predictors (such as sampling period, exposure levels, work- and life-style factors). Differences in mean biomarker and DNA damage levels were tested via ANOVA contrasts. RESULTS Exposure measurements did not show an association with any of the urinary biomarkers or the measures of DNA damage. Naphthalene was the most abundant PAH in gas-phase, while benzo(e)pyrene was the most abundant particle-bound PAH. Post-shift levels of γH2AX and 8-OHdG were higher on both study days, when compared to pre-shift levels. Cigarette smoking was a predictor of γH2AX and urinary creatinine was a predictor of urinary 8-OHdG. Between-subject variance to total variance ratio was 35.3 % for γH2ax and 4.8 % for 8-OHdG. CONCLUSION γH2AX is a promising biomarker of DNA damage in occupational epidemiology studies. It has a lower within-subject variation than urinary 8-OHdG and can easily be detected in large scale groups. Future studies that explore the kinetics of H2AX phosphorylation in relation to chemical exposures may reveal the transient and persistent nature of this sensitive biomarker of early DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berrin Serdar
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, USA
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop B119-V20, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Rm. V20-3126, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Stephen Brindley
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, USA
| | - Greg Dooley
- Analytical Toxicology Laboratory, Center for Environmental Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - John Volckens
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Elizabeth Juarez-colunga
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, USA
| | - Ryan Gan
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Metabolites of the PAH diol epoxide pathway and other urinary biomarkers of phenanthrene and pyrene in workers with and without exposure to bitumen fumes. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2016; 89:1251-1267. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-016-1160-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
5
|
Bolliet C, Kriech AJ, Juery C, Vaissiere M, Brinton MA, Osborn LV. Effect of Temperature and Process on Quantity and Composition of Laboratory-generated Bitumen Emissions. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2015; 12:438-449. [PMID: 25647623 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2015.1009982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the impact of temperature on emissions as related to various bitumen applications and processes used in commercial products. Bitumen emissions are very complex and can be influenced in quantity and composition by differences in crude source, refining processes, application temperature, and work practices. This study provided a controlled laboratory environment to study five bitumen test materials from three European refineries; three paving grade, one used for primarily roofing and some paving applications, and one oxidized industrial specialty bitumen. Emissions were generated at temperatures between 140°C and 230°C based on typical application temperatures of each product. Emissions were characterized by aerodynamic particle size, total organic matter (TOM), simulated distillation, 40 individual PACs, and fluorescence (FL-PACs) spectroscopy. Results showed that composition of bitumen emissions is influenced by temperature under studied experimental conditions. A distinction between the oxidized bitumen with flux oil (industrial specialty bitumen) and the remaining bitumens was observed. Under typical temperatures used for paving (150°C-170°C), the TOM and PAC concentrations in the emissions were low. However, bitumen with flux oil produced significantly higher emissions at 230°C, laden with high levels of PACs. Flux oil in this bitumen mixture enhanced release of higher boiling-ranged compounds during application conditions. At 200°C and below, concentrations of 4-6 ring PACs were ≤6.51 μg/m(3) for all test materials, even when flux oil was used. Trends learned about emission temperature-process relationships from this study can be used to guide industry decisions to reduce worker exposure during processing and application of hot bitumen.
Collapse
|
6
|
Osborn LV, Snawder JE, Kriech AJ, Cavallari JM, McClean MD, Herrick RF, Blackburn GR, Olsen LD. Personal breathing zone exposures among hot-mix asphalt paving workers; preliminary analysis for trends and analysis of work practices that resulted in the highest exposure concentrations. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2013; 10:663-673. [PMID: 24195533 PMCID: PMC4697931 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2013.831981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
An exposure assessment of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) paving workers was conducted to determine which of four exposure scenarios impacted worker exposure and dose. Goals of this report are to present the personal-breathing zone (PBZ) data, discuss the impact of substituting the releasing/cleaning agent, and discuss work practices that resulted in the highest exposure concentration for each analyte. One-hundred-seven PBZ samples were collected from HMA paving workers on days when diesel oil was used as a releasing/cleaning agent. An additional 36 PBZ samples were collected on days when B-100 (100% biodiesel, containing no petroleum-derived products) was used as a substitute releasing/cleaning agent. Twenty-four PBZ samples were collected from a reference group of concrete workers, who also worked in outdoor construction but had no exposure to asphalt emissions. Background and field blank samples were also collected daily. Total particulates and the benzene soluble fraction were determined gravimetrically. Total organic matter was determined using gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detection and provided qualitative information about other exposure sources contributing to worker exposure besides asphalt emissions. Thirty-three individual polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) were determined using GC with time-of-flight mass spectrometry; results were presented as either the concentration of an individual PAC or a summation of the individual PACs containing either 2- to 3-rings or 4- to 6-rings. Samples were also screened for PACs containing 4- to 6-rings using fluorescence spectroscopy. Arithmetic means, medians, and box plots of the PBZ data were used to evaluate trends in the data. Box plots illustrating the diesel oil results were more variable than the B-100. Also, the highest diesel oil results were much higher in concentration than the highest B-100 results. An analysis of the highest exposure results and field notes revealed a probable association between these exposures and the use of diesel oil, use of a diesel-powered screed, elevated HMA paving application temperatures, lubricating and working on broken-down equipment, and operation of a broom machine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - John E. Snawder
- Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research and Technology, Biomonitoring Health Assessment Branch, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Jennifer M. Cavallari
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | | | | | | | - Larry D. Olsen
- Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research and Technology, Biomonitoring Health Assessment Branch, Cincinnati, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Føreland S, Bakke B, Vermeulen R, Bye E, Eduard W. Determinants of exposure to dust and dust constituents in the Norwegian silicon carbide industry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [PMID: 23204512 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mes086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to identify important determinants of dust exposure in the Norwegian silicon carbide (SiC) industry and to suggest possible control measures. METHODS Exposure to total dust, respirable dust, quartz, cristobalite, SiC, and fiber was assessed in three Norwegian SiC plants together with information on potential determinants of exposure. Mixed-effect models were constructed with natural log-transformed exposure as the dependent variable. RESULTS The exposure assessment resulted in about 700 measurements of each of the sampled agents. Geometric mean (GM) exposure for total dust, respirable dust, fibers, and SiC for all workers was 1.6mg m(-3) [geometric standard deviation (GSD) = 3.2], 0.30mg m(-3) (GSD = 2.5), 0.033 fibers cm(-3) (GSD = 5.2), and 0.069mg m(-3) (GSD = 3.1), respectively. Due to a large portion of quartz and cristobalite measurements below the limit of detection in the processing and maintenance departments (>58%), GM for all workers was not calculated. Work in the furnace department was associated with the highest exposure to fibers, quartz, and cristobalite, while work in the processing department was associated with the highest total dust, respirable dust, and SiC exposure. Job group was a strong determinant of exposure for all agents, explaining 43-82% of the between-worker variance. Determinants associated with increased exposure in the furnace department were location of the sorting area inside the furnace hall, cleaning tasks, building and filling furnaces, and manual sorting. Filling and changing pallet boxes were important tasks related to increased exposure to total dust, respirable dust, and SiC in the processing department. For maintenance workers, increased exposure to fibers was associated with maintenance work in the furnace department and increased exposure to SiC was related to maintenance work in the processing department. CONCLUSION Job group was a strong determinant of exposure for all agents. Several tasks were associated with increased exposure, indicating possibilities for exposure control measures. Recommendations for exposure reduction based on this study are (i) to separate the sorting area from the furnace hall, (ii) minimize manual work on furnaces and in the sorting process, (iii) use remote controlled sanders/grinders with ventilated cabins, (iv) use closed systems for filling pallet boxes, and (v) improve cleaning procedures by using methods that minimize dust generation.
Collapse
|
8
|
McClean MD, Osborn LV, Snawder JE, Olsen LD, Kriech AJ, Sjödin A, Li Z, Smith JP, Sammons DL, Herrick RF, Cavallari JM. Using urinary biomarkers of polycyclic aromatic compound exposure to guide exposure-reduction strategies among asphalt paving workers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 56:1013-24. [PMID: 23002274 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mes058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Paving workers are exposed to polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) while working with hot-mix asphalt (HMA). Further characterization of the source and route of these exposures is necessary to guide exposure-reduction strategies. METHODS Personal air (n=144), hand-wash (n=144), and urine (n=480) samples were collected from 12 paving workers over 3 workdays during 4 workweeks. Urine samples were collected at preshift, postshift, and bedtime and analyzed for 10 hydroxylated PACs (1-OH-pyrene; 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-OH-phenanthrene; 1-, 2-OH-naphthalene; 2-, 3-, 9-OH-fluorene) by an immunochemical quantification of PACs (I-PACs). The air and hand-wash samples were analyzed for the parent compounds corresponding to the urinary analytes. Using a crossover study design, each of the 4 weeks represented a different exposure scenario: a baseline week (normal conditions), a dermal protection week (protective clothing), a powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) week, and a biodiesel substitution week (100% biodiesel provided to replace the diesel oil normally used by workers to clean tools and equipment). The urinary analytes were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS Postshift and bedtime concentrations were significantly higher than preshift concentrations for most urinary biomarkers. Compared with baseline, urinary analytes were reduced during the dermal protection (29% for 1-OH-pyrene, 15% for I-PACs), the PAPR (24% for 1-OH-pyrene, 15% for I-PACs), and the biodiesel substitution (15% for 1-OH-pyrene) weeks. The effect of PACs in air was different by exposure scenario (biodiesel substitution>dermal protection>PAPR and baseline) and was still a significant predictor of most urinary analytes during the week of PAPR use, suggesting that PACs in air were dermally absorbed. The application temperature of HMA was positively associated with urinary measures, such that an increase from the lowest application temperature (121°C) to the highest (154°C) was associated with a 72% increase in ΣOH-fluorene and 1-OH-pyrene and an 82% increase in ΣOH-phenanthrene. Though PACs in hand-wash samples were not predictors of urinary analytes, the effects observed during the PAPR scenario and the week of increased dermal protection provide evidence of dermal absorption. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence that PACs in air are dermally absorbed. Reducing the application temperature of asphalt mix appears to be a promising strategy for reducing PAC exposure among paving workers. Additional reductions may be achieved by requiring increased dermal coverage of workers and by substituting biodiesel for diesel oil as a cleaning agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D McClean
- Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02218, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|