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Bernal K, Kose O, Leclerc L, Vergnon JM, Pourchez J, Forest V. Development of a protocol of isolation of nanoparticles from patients' broncho-alveolar lavages for their in vitro toxicity assessment. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:458-466. [PMID: 38235099 PMCID: PMC10790975 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00918a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
To investigate potential correlations between human exposure to inhaled particles and pathological effects, the biological monitoring of nanoparticles in broncho-alveolar lavages (BAL) from patients has been proposed. To better understand the underlying mechanisms of toxicity, we propose to couple this biomonitoring of nanoparticles to their in vitro toxicity assessment. However, BAL obtained from regular clinical practice are conditioned with sodium hypochlorite solution (in a 50% v/v ratio), which is toxic to cells. The aim of this study was to develop a protocol to neutralize sodium hypochlorite, allowing to properly investigate the toxicity of the nanoparticles BAL contain. We first tried to neutralize chemically the sodium hypochlorite using H2O2, ascorbic acid or sodium ascorbate but this approach was unsuccessful. In addition, standard toxicology assays (MTT, LDH) could not be used because of interference with neutralizing solutions. We thus changed strategy and used ultracentrifugation to isolate nanoparticles from the sodium hypochlorite solution, with satisfactory extraction yields (88 to 100%). We then incubated the extracted nanoparticles with macrophages from the RAW264.7 cell line and assessed the cell viability and pro-inflammatory response. This study can be used as a proof-of-concept for further study of the biological impact of nanoparticles. This approach paves the way for studies aiming at a better understanding of the aetiology of some idiopathic diseases and underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Bernal
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, CS 62362 42023, 158 cours Fauriel F-42023 Saint-Etienne Cedex 2 France +33477499776
| | - Ozge Kose
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, CS 62362 42023, 158 cours Fauriel F-42023 Saint-Etienne Cedex 2 France +33477499776
| | - Lara Leclerc
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, CS 62362 42023, 158 cours Fauriel F-42023 Saint-Etienne Cedex 2 France +33477499776
| | - Jean-Michel Vergnon
- Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM U 1059 Sainbiose F-42023 Saint-Etienne France
- CHU Saint-Etienne, Service de Pneumologie F-42055 Saint-Etienne France
| | - Jérémie Pourchez
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, CS 62362 42023, 158 cours Fauriel F-42023 Saint-Etienne Cedex 2 France +33477499776
| | - Valérie Forest
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, CS 62362 42023, 158 cours Fauriel F-42023 Saint-Etienne Cedex 2 France +33477499776
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Blank-Porat D, Amster E. Effect biomarkers of nanoparticle-exposed workers: A scoping review. Toxicol Ind Health 2023; 39:537-563. [PMID: 37490405 DOI: 10.1177/07482337231185994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The widespread and increasing use of engineered nanomaterials (i.e., particulate materials measuring 1-100 nanometers (nm) in at least one dimension) poses a potential health and safety risk to exposed workers. The unique properties of nanomaterials have made nanomaterials useful in multiple industries. However, their production and use may compromise worker health, presenting an emerging occupational health hazard, the acute and chronic effects of which have not been fully assessed. In this scoping review, we critically assess the literature on biomarkers of effect from nanoparticles and discuss the utility of biomonitoring as a means of assessing the physiological effects of nanoparticle exposure among nanotechnology workers. Multiple databases were queried based on select inclusion and exclusion criteria according to PRISMA guidelines, and articles were independently screened by two topic experts. Of 286 articles initially retrieved, 28 were included after screening and eligibility. The reviewed articles indicated that sensitive effect biomarkers could reflect early health effects of exposure to nanoparticles in the workplace and may be useful for monitoring toxicological effects and associated risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Blank-Porat
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Haifa School of Public Health, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eric Amster
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Haifa School of Public Health, Haifa, Israel
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Forest V. Experimental and Computational Nanotoxicology-Complementary Approaches for Nanomaterial Hazard Assessment. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12081346. [PMID: 35458054 PMCID: PMC9031966 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The growing development and applications of nanomaterials lead to an increasing release of these materials in the environment. The adverse effects they may elicit on ecosystems or human health are not always fully characterized. Such potential toxicity must be carefully assessed with the underlying mechanisms elucidated. To that purpose, different approaches can be used. First, experimental toxicology consisting of conducting in vitro or in vivo experiments (including clinical studies) can be used to evaluate the nanomaterial hazard. It can rely on variable models (more or less complex), allowing the investigation of different biological endpoints. The respective advantages and limitations of in vitro and in vivo models are discussed as well as some issues associated with experimental nanotoxicology. Perspectives of future developments in the field are also proposed. Second, computational nanotoxicology, i.e., in silico approaches, can be used to predict nanomaterial toxicity. In this context, we describe the general principles, advantages, and limitations especially of quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models and grouping/read-across approaches. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of these different approaches based on examples and highlight their complementarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Forest
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, Etablissement Français du Sang, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
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A Biomonitoring Pilot Study in Workers from a Paints Production Plant Exposed to Pigment-Grade Titanium Dioxide (TiO 2). TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10040171. [PMID: 35448433 PMCID: PMC9028136 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10040171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Among particulate matter composing paints, titanium dioxide (TiO2) forms about 20% of the final suspension. Although TiO2 is broadly used in many applications, TiO2 powders represent an established respiratory hazard for workers with long-term exposure. In 35 workers of a paints production plant (15 exposed and 20 not exposed), we assessed pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-17), surfactant protein D (SP-D) and Krebs von den Lungen-6 glycoprotein (KL-6) in exhaled breath condensate (EBC). In urine samples, we measured 8-isoprostane (Isop) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) as biomarkers of oxidative stress, and Titanium (Ti-U) as a biomarker of exposure. Health status, habits and occupational history were recorded. Airborne respirable dusts and Ti were quantified. Particle number concentration and average diameter (nm) were detected by a NanoTracer™ monitoring device. Ti was measurable in filters collected at the respiratory breathing zone (0.11−0.44 µg/m3 8-h TWA). IL-1β and IL-10 values were significantly higher in exposed workers, whereas SP-D was significantly lower (p < 0.001). KL-6 was significantly higher in workers than in controls (p < 0.01). MDA levels were significantly increased in exposed workers and were positively correlated with Ti-U. Exposure to TiO2 in paint production is associated with the subtle alterations of lung pathobiology. These findings suggest the need for an integrated approach relying on both personal exposure and biomarker assessment to improve the hazard characterisation in occupational settings.
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Ljungkvist G, Tinnerberg H, Löndahl J, Klang T, Viklund E, Kim JL, Schiöler L, Forsgard N, Olin AC. Exploring a new method for the assessment of metal exposure by analysis of exhaled breath of welders. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2022; 95:1255-1265. [PMID: 35066624 PMCID: PMC9273541 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-022-01833-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Air monitoring has been the accepted exposure assessment of toxic metals from, e.g., welding, but a method characterizing the actual dose delivered to the lungs would be preferable. Sampling of particles in exhaled breath can be used for the biomonitoring of both endogenous biomarkers and markers of exposure. We have explored a new method for the sampling of metals in exhaled breath from the small airways in a study on welders. Methods Our method for particle sampling, Particles in Exhaled Air (PExA®), is based on particle counting and inertial impaction. We applied it on 19 stainless steel welders before and after a workday. In parallel, air monitoring of chromium, manganese and nickel was performed as well as blood sampling after work. Results Despite substantial exposure to welding fumes, we were unable to show any significant change in the metal content of exhaled particles after, compared with before, exposure. However, the significance might be obscured by a substantial analytical background noise, due to metal background in the sampling media and possible contamination during sampling, as an increase in the median metal contents were indicated. Conclusions If efforts to reduce background and contamination are successful, the PExA® method could be an important tool in the investigations of metals in exhaled breath, as the method collects particles from the small airways in contrast to other methods. In this paper, we discuss the discrepancy between our findings and results from studies, using the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Göran Ljungkvist
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 414, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Håkan Tinnerberg
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 414, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jakob Löndahl
- Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Therese Klang
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 414, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emilia Viklund
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 414, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jeong-Lim Kim
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 414, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linus Schiöler
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 414, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Anna-Carin Olin
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 414, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Forest V, Pourchez J, Pélissier C, Audignon Durand S, Vergnon JM, Fontana L. Relationship between Occupational Exposure to Airborne Nanoparticles, Nanoparticle Lung Burden and Lung Diseases. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9090204. [PMID: 34564355 PMCID: PMC8473390 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9090204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The biomonitoring of nanoparticles in patients’ broncho-alveolar lavages (BAL) could allow getting insights into the role of inhaled biopersistent nanoparticles in the etiology/development of some respiratory diseases. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between the biomonitoring of nanoparticles in BAL, interstitial lung diseases and occupational exposure to these particles released unintentionally. We analyzed data from a cohort of 100 patients suffering from lung diseases (NanoPI clinical trial, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02549248) and observed that most of the patients showed a high probability of exposure to airborne unintentionally released nanoparticles (>50%), suggesting a potential role of inhaled nanoparticles in lung physiopathology. Depending on the respiratory disease, the amount of patients likely exposed to unintentionally released nanoparticles was variable (e.g., from 88% for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis to 54% for sarcoidosis). These findings are consistent with the previously performed mineralogical analyses of BAL samples that suggested (i) a role of titanium nanoparticles in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and (ii) a contribution of silica submicron particles to sarcoidosis. Further investigations are necessary to draw firm conclusions but these first results strengthen the array of presumptions on the contribution of some inhaled particles (from nano to submicron size) to some idiopathic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Forest
- Centre CIS, Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jérémie Pourchez
- Centre CIS, Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France;
| | - Carole Pélissier
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France; (C.P.); (L.F.)
- Univ Lyon, Univ Eiffel, Univ Lyon 1, Univ St Etienne, IFSTTAR, UMRESTTE, UMR_T9405, F-42005 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Sabyne Audignon Durand
- EPICENE Team, Inserm U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France;
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bordeaux Hospital, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Jean-Michel Vergnon
- Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France;
- Department of Chest Diseases and Thoracic Oncology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Luc Fontana
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France; (C.P.); (L.F.)
- Univ Lyon, Univ Eiffel, Univ Lyon 1, Univ St Etienne, IFSTTAR, UMRESTTE, UMR_T9405, F-42005 Saint-Etienne, France
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Guseva Canu I, Hemmendinger M, Sauvain JJ, Suarez G, Hopf NB, Pralong JA, Ben Rayana T, Besançon S, Sakthithasan K, Jouannique V, Debatisse A. Respiratory Disease Occupational Biomonitoring Collaborative Project (ROBoCoP): A longitudinal pilot study and implementation research in the Parisian transport company. J Occup Med Toxicol 2021; 16:22. [PMID: 34167564 PMCID: PMC8222705 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-021-00312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ROBoCoP project is launched within the EU COST Action CA16113 "CliniMARK" aiming to increase the number of clinically validated biomarkers and focused on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) biomarker development and validation. ROBoCoP encompasses two consecutive studies consisting of a pilot study followed by a field study. The pilot study is a longitudinal exposure assessment and biomarker study aiming at: 1-understanding the suitability of the candidate biomarkers in surveying populations at risk such as workers exposed to COPD causing agents; 2-determining the best sampling plan with respect to the half-life of the candidate biomarkers; 3-implementing and validating the sampling procedures and analytical methods; 4-selecting the best suitable biomarkers to be measured in the field. Each study participant is surveyed every day during the 6-8 h work-shifts for two consecutive weeks. The field study has an implementation research designe that enabled us to demonstrate the applicability of the standardized protocol for biomarker measurements in occupational settings while also assessing the biomarkers' validity. ROBoCoP will focus on particulate matter (PM) exposure measurements, exposure biomarkers and a series of effect biomarkers, including markers of lipoperoxidation: 8-isoprostane, malondialdehyd in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and urine, potential markers of nitrosative stress: NO2-, NO3- and formate anion in EBC; markers of DNA oxidation: 8-hydroxy-2'deoxyguanosine in EBC and urine, marker of genotoxicity: micronuclei in buccal cells, and oxidative potential in exhaled air (OPEA). OPEA appears particularly promising as a clinical biomarker for detecting COPD, and will be tested independently and as part of a biomarker panel. COPD diagnosis will be performed by an experienced occupational physician according to international diagnostic standards and confirmed by a pulmonologist.This research will include approximatively 300 underground subway workers randomly selected from the personnel registry of a large Parisian transport company. Underground subways are suggested as the most PM polluted urban transport environment. We believe this occupational exposure is relevant for biomonitoring of workers and early detection of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Guseva Canu
- 1Department of Occupational and Environmental Health (DSTE), Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - M Hemmendinger
- 1Department of Occupational and Environmental Health (DSTE), Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J J Sauvain
- 1Department of Occupational and Environmental Health (DSTE), Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Suarez
- 1Department of Occupational and Environmental Health (DSTE), Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N B Hopf
- 1Department of Occupational and Environmental Health (DSTE), Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J A Pralong
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Ben Rayana
- 1Department of Occupational and Environmental Health (DSTE), Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Autonomous Paris Transport Authority (RATP), Paris, France
| | - S Besançon
- Autonomous Paris Transport Authority (RATP), Paris, France
| | - K Sakthithasan
- Autonomous Paris Transport Authority (RATP), Paris, France
| | - V Jouannique
- Autonomous Paris Transport Authority (RATP), Paris, France
| | - A Debatisse
- Autonomous Paris Transport Authority (RATP), Paris, France
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Minakshi P, Kumar R, Ghosh M, Brar B, Barnela M, Lakhani P. Application of Polymeric Nano-Materials in Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:982-1008. [PMID: 32196449 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200320113322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is an umbrella term used to describe disorders that involve Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and pouchitis. The disease occurrence is more prevalent in the working group population which not only hampers the well being of an individual but also has negative economical impact on society. The current drug regime used therapy is very costly owing to the chronic nature of the disease leading to several side effects. The condition gets more aggravated due to the lower concentration of drug at the desired site. Therefore, in the present scenario, a therapy is needed which can maximize efficacy, adhere to quality of life, minimize toxicity and doses, be helpful in maintaining and stimulating physical growth of mucosa with minimum disease complications. In this aspect, nanotechnology intervention is one promising field as it can act as a carrier to reduce toxicity, doses and frequency which in turn help in faster recovery. Moreover, nanomedicine and nanodiagnostic techniques will further open a new window for treatment in understanding pathogenesis along with better diagnosis which is poorly understood till now. Therefore the present review is more focused on recent advancements in IBD in the application of nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Minakshi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125001, Haryana, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Biochemistry, LUVAS, Hisar-125 004, India
| | - Mayukh Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, RGSC, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur (UP) - 231001, India
| | - Basanti Brar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125001, Haryana, India
| | - Manju Barnela
- Department of Nano & Biotechnology, Guru Jambheshwar University, Hisar-125001, Haryana, India
| | - Preeti Lakhani
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Biochemistry, LUVAS, Hisar-125 004, India
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Slezakova K, Pereira MC, Morais S. Ultrafine particles: Levels in ambient air during outdoor sport activities. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 258:113648. [PMID: 31806467 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Conducting aerobic activity on regular basis is recognised as one of the steps to maintain healthier lifestyle. The positive outcomes though can be outweighed if conducted in polluted atmosphere. Furthermore, the specific inhalation during exercising, which results in bypass of nasal filtration systems and deeper penetration into the respiratory system, might result in higher risks especially to pollutants such as ultrafine particles (UFP), which aerodynamic particle diameter are <100 nm. Thus, this work aims to evaluate UFP levels at sites used for conducting physical sport activities outdoors and to estimate the respective inhalation doses considering various scenarios and different physical activities. Monitoring of UFP was conducted during three weeks (May-June 2015) at four different sites (S1-S4) regularly used to conduct physical exercising. The results showed that UFP highly varied (medians 5.1-20.0 × 103 # cm-3) across the four sites, with the highest UFP obtained when exercising next to trafficked streets whereas S3 and S4 (a garden and city park) exhibited 2-4 times lower UFP. In view of the obtained UFP concentrations, the estimated inhalation doses ranged 1.73 × 108-3.81 × 108 # kg-1 when conducting moderately intense sport activities and 1.93 × 108-5.95 × 108 # kg-1 for highly intense ones. Highly intense activities (i.e. running) led to twice higher UFP exposure; children and youths (5-17 yrs old) experienced 203-267% higher doses. Considering the age- and gender- differences, estimated UFP doses of males were 1.1-2.8 times higher than of females. Finally, UFP inhalation doses estimated for walking (commuting to work and/or schools) were 1.6-7.5 times lower than when conducting sport activities. Thus to protect public health and to promote healthy and physically active lifestyle, strategies to minimize the negative impacts of air pollution should be developed and implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Slezakova
- LEPABE, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Carmo Pereira
- LEPABE, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Simone Morais
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
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Osman NM, Sexton DW, Saleem IY. Toxicological assessment of nanoparticle interactions with the pulmonary system. Nanotoxicology 2019; 14:21-58. [PMID: 31502904 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1661043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle(NP)-based materials have breakthrough applications in many fields of life, such as in engineering, communications and textiles industries; food and bioenvironmental applications; medicines and cosmetics, etc. Biomedical applications of NPs are very active areas of research with successful translation to pharmaceutical and clinical uses overcoming both pharmaceutical and clinical challenges. Although the attractiveness and enhanced applications of these NPs stem from their exceptional properties at the nanoscale size, i.e. 1-1000 nm, they exhibit completely different physicochemical profiles and, subsequently, toxicological profiles from their parent bulk materials. Hence, the clinical evaluation and toxicological assessment of NPs interactions within biological systems are continuously evolving to ensure their safety at the nanoscale. The pulmonary system is one of the primary routes of exposure to airborne NPs either intentionally, via aerosolized nanomedicines targeting pulmonary pathologies such as cancer or asthma, or unintentionally, via natural NPs and anthropogenic (man-made) NPs. This review presents the state-of-the-art, contemporary challenges, and knowledge gaps in the toxicological assessment of NPs interactions with the pulmonary system. It highlights the main mechanisms of NP toxicity, factors influencing their toxicity, the different toxicological assessment methods and their drawbacks, and the recent NP regulatory guidelines based on literature collected from the research pool of NPs interactions with lung cell lines, in vivo inhalation studies, and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa M Osman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Darren W Sexton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Imran Y Saleem
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Forest V, Vergnon JM, Guibert C, Bitounis D, Leclerc L, Sarry G, Pourchez J. Metal load assessment in patient pulmonary lavages: towards a comprehensive mineralogical analysis including the nano-sized fraction. Nanotoxicology 2017; 11:1211-1224. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2017.1406170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Forest
- IMT Mines Saint-Etienne, Centre CIS, INSERM, Université de Lyon, SainBioSE, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jean-Michel Vergnon
- Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, INSERM, SainBioSE, Saint-Etienne, France
- Service de Pneumologie, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Cyril Guibert
- Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, INSERM, SainBioSE, Saint-Etienne, France
- Service de Pneumologie, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Dimitrios Bitounis
- IMT Mines Saint-Etienne, Centre CIS, INSERM, Université de Lyon, SainBioSE, Saint-Etienne, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, INSERM, SainBioSE, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Lara Leclerc
- IMT Mines Saint-Etienne, Centre CIS, INSERM, Université de Lyon, SainBioSE, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Gwendoline Sarry
- IMT Mines Saint-Etienne, Centre CIS, INSERM, Université de Lyon, SainBioSE, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jérémie Pourchez
- IMT Mines Saint-Etienne, Centre CIS, INSERM, Université de Lyon, SainBioSE, Saint-Etienne, France
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Costa PM, Gosens I, Williams A, Farcal L, Pantano D, Brown DM, Stone V, Cassee FR, Halappanavar S, Fadeel B. Transcriptional profiling reveals gene expression changes associated with inflammation and cell proliferation following short-term inhalation exposure to copper oxide nanoparticles. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 38:385-397. [PMID: 29094763 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Our recent studies revealed a dose-dependent proinflammatory response to copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) in rats following short-term inhalation exposure for five consecutive days. Here transcriptomics approaches were applied using the same model to assess global gene expression in lung tissues obtained 1 day post-exposure and after a recovery period of 22 days from rats exposed to clean air or 6 hour equivalent doses of 3.3 mg m-3 (low dose) and 13.2 mg m-3 (high dose). Microarray analyses yielded about 1000 differentially expressed genes in the high-dose group and 200 in low-dose compared to the clean air control group, and less than 20 after the recovery period. Pathway analysis indicated cell proliferation/survival and inflammation as the main processes triggered by exposure to CuO NPs. We did not find significant perturbations of pathways related to oxidative stress. Upregulation of epithelial cell transforming protein 2 (Ect2), a known oncogene, was noted and ECT2 protein was upregulated in the lungs of exposed animals. Proliferation of alveolar epithelial cells was demonstrated based on Ki67 expression. The gene encoding monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (or CCL2) was also upregulated and this was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. However, no aberrant DNA methylation of inflammation-associated genes was observed. In conclusion, we have found that inhalation of CuO NPs in rats causes upregulation of the oncoprotein ECT2 and the chemokine CCL2 and other proinflammatory markers as well as proliferation in bronchoalveolar epithelium after a short-term inhalation exposure. Thus, pathways known to be associated with neoplastic processes and inflammation were affected in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M Costa
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ilse Gosens
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Lucian Farcal
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniele Pantano
- School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David M Brown
- School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vicki Stone
- School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Flemming R Cassee
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Forest V, Vergnon JM, Pourchez J. Biological Monitoring of Inhaled Nanoparticles in Patients: An Appealing Approach To Study Causal Link between Human Respiratory Pathology and Exposure to Nanoparticles. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:1655-1660. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Forest
- Ecole Nationale
Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, CIS-EMSE, SAINBIOSE, F-42023 Saint Etienne, France
- INSERM, U1059, F-42023 Saint Etienne, France
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Michel Vergnon
- INSERM, U1059, F-42023 Saint Etienne, France
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
- CHU Saint-Etienne, Service de Pneumologie, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jérémie Pourchez
- Ecole Nationale
Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, CIS-EMSE, SAINBIOSE, F-42023 Saint Etienne, France
- INSERM, U1059, F-42023 Saint Etienne, France
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
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Møller KL, Brauer C, Mikkelsen S, Loft S, Simonsen EB, Koblauch H, Bern SH, Alkjær T, Hertel O, Becker T, Larsen KH, Bonde JP, Thygesen LC. Copenhagen Airport Cohort: air pollution, manual baggage handling and health. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e012651. [PMID: 28478397 PMCID: PMC5777468 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Copenhagen Airport Cohort 1990-2012 presents a unique data source for studies of health effects of occupational exposure to air pollution (ultrafine particles) and manual baggage handling among airport employees. We describe the extent of information in the cohort and in the follow-up based on data linkage to the comprehensive Danish nationwide health registers. In the cohort, all information is linked to the personal identification number that also is used in Denmark Statistics demographic and socioeconomic databases and in the nationwide health registers. PARTICIPANTS The cohort covers 69 175 men in unskilled positions. The exposed cohort includes men in unskilled jobs employed at Copenhagen Airport in the period 1990-2012 either as baggage handlers or in other outdoor work. The reference cohort includes men in unskilled jobs working in the greater Copenhagen area. FINDINGS TO DATE The cohort includes environmental Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements in Copenhagen Airport, information on job function/task for each calendar year of employment between 1990 and 2012, exposure to air pollution at residence, average weight of baggage lifted per day and lifestyle. By linkage to registers, we retrieved socioeconomic and demographic data and data on healthcare contacts, drug subscriptions, incident cancer and mortality. FUTURE PLANS The size of the cohort and the completeness of the register-based follow-up allow a more accurate assessment of the possible health risks of occupational exposure to ultrafine particles and manual baggage handling at airports than in previous studies. We plan to follow the cohort for the incidence of ischaemic heart diseases, cerebrovascular disease, lung and bladder cancer, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and further for associations between heavy manual baggage handling and musculoskeletal disorders. TRIAL REGISTRATION number 2012-41-0199.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charlotte Brauer
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sigurd Mikkelsen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen Loft
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik B Simonsen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Koblauch
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Hvid Bern
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tine Alkjær
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Hertel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Thomas Becker
- Department of Environmental Science—Emission Modelling & Environmental Geography, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Karin Helweg Larsen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Peter Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lau Caspar Thygesen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Chen R, Hu B, Liu Y, Xu J, Yang G, Xu D, Chen C. Beyond PM2.5: The role of ultrafine particles on adverse health effects of air pollution. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2844-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Toxicological Considerations, Toxicity Assessment, and Risk Management of Inhaled Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060929. [PMID: 27314324 PMCID: PMC4926462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel engineered nanoparticles (NPs), nanomaterial (NM) products and composites, are continually emerging worldwide. Many potential benefits are expected from their commercial applications; however, these benefits should always be balanced against risks. Potential toxic effects of NM exposure have been highlighted, but, as there is a lack of understanding about potential interactions of nanomaterials (NMs) with biological systems, these side effects are often ignored. NPs are able to translocate to the bloodstream, cross body membrane barriers effectively, and affect organs and tissues at cellular and molecular levels. NPs may pass the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and gain access to the brain. The interactions of NPs with biological milieu and resulted toxic effects are significantly associated with their small size distribution, large surface area to mass ratio (SA/MR), and surface characteristics. NMs are able to cross tissue and cell membranes, enter into cellular compartments, and cause cellular injury as well as toxicity. The extremely large SA/MR of NPs is also available to undergo reactions. An increased surface area of the identical chemical will increase surface reactivity, adsorption properties, and potential toxicity. This review explores biological pathways of NPs, their toxic potential, and underlying mechanisms responsible for such toxic effects. The necessity of toxicological risk assessment to human health should be emphasised as an integral part of NM design and manufacture.
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Seixas NS. The Annals in Its Fifties. ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE 2016; 60:1-4. [DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mev085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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