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Tołoczko-Iwaniuk N, Dziemiańczyk-Pakieła D, Celińska-Janowicz K, Zaręba I, Klupczyńska A, Kokot ZJ, Nowaszewska BK, Reszeć J, Borys J, Miltyk W. Proline-Dependent Induction of Apoptosis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC)-The Effect of Celecoxib. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010136. [PMID: 31935820 PMCID: PMC7016823 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma remains a significant worldwide public health challenge, associated with high morbidity and mortality. Treatment of this type of cancer lacks effective medication. Moreover, there are very few specific biomarkers that are useful in early diagnosis or treatment optimisation. Proline metabolism may prove to be of importance in the search for new treatment modalities. Methods: To evaluate the significance of proline metabolism in the development of oral cancer, proline concentration was assessed in oral cancer tissue and normal oral mucosa. The results were compared to the clinical stage and histological grade of the tumours. Moreover, the expression of proteins involved in proline metabolism via proline dehydrogenase/oxidase (PRODH/POX, PPARγ, HIF1-α) was determined. In the next stage of the study, conducted on cell lines of tongue cancer treated with celecoxib, the aforementioned factors involved in proline metabolism were evaluated. Cellular viability and cell proliferation, as well as apoptosis, were also assessed. Results: Our research results indicate that a high intracellular proline concentration and expression of factors involved in its metabolism correlate with the clinical stage and histological grade of oral cancer. Moreover, we are the first researchers to demonstrate that celecoxib can affect proline metabolism, causing an increase in pro-apoptotic factors (PRODH/POX, PPARγ), reducing the expression of HIF-1α and activating apoptosis. Conclusions: Proline metabolism, due to its involvement in the process of apoptosis, can be of great importance in anticancer therapy. It appears that celecoxib, which influences the PRODH/POX pathway, may be a promising therapeutic compound in oral cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Tołoczko-Iwaniuk
- Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (B.K.N.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-667-564-188; Fax: +48-857-468-379
| | - Dorota Dziemiańczyk-Pakieła
- Department of Otolaryngology, Provincial Hospital in Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 26, 15-278 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Celińska-Janowicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-522 Białystok, Poland; (K.C.-J.); (W.M.)
| | - Ilona Zaręba
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-522 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Klupczyńska
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (A.K.); (Z.J.K.)
| | - Zenon J. Kokot
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (A.K.); (Z.J.K.)
| | - Beata Klaudia Nowaszewska
- Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (B.K.N.); (J.B.)
| | - Joanna Reszeć
- Department of Medical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Jan Borys
- Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (B.K.N.); (J.B.)
| | - Wojciech Miltyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-522 Białystok, Poland; (K.C.-J.); (W.M.)
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Liang S, Gao Y, Liu Y, Qiu C, Chen Y, Zhu S. Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound in evaluating of angiogenesis and tumor staging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in nude mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221638. [PMID: 31442259 PMCID: PMC6707564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the use of Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) in evaluating angiogenesis in a xenograft nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) model in nude mice and the evolution of CEUS parameters according to the growth of NPC. METHODS Nude mice were divided into three groups according to experiments conducted at various times from tumor implantation (8 mice/group; group A: 4 weeks from implantation; group B:6 weeks from implantation; group C:8 weeks from implantation). CNE-2 cells were transplanted in 24 nude mice and CEUS evaluations of the tumors were performed at 4, 6 or 8 weeks from implantation. CEUS parametric perfusion images and pathological findings were recorded. R version 3.4.4 software was used to analyze the CEUS parameters and pathological findings. RESULTS One-way anova analysis indicated statistically significant differences among the three groups with the parameters of peak intensity (PI) (p<0.001), area wash in (AWI) (p<0.001), area wash out (AWO) (p<0.001) and tumor volumes (p<0.001).Pearson correlation coefficient analysis indicated that microvessel density (MVD) was correlated with tumor volume (r = 0.644, p = 0.001), PI (r = 0.904, p<0.0001), AWI (r = 0.547, p = 0.008) and AWO (r = 0.744, P<0.0001). Tumor volume was correlated with MVD (r = 0.644, p = 0.001), PI (r = 0.625, p = 0.002), AWI (r = 0.528, p = 0.012) and AWO (r = 0.784, p<0.001). The percentage of necrosis in histological sections was correlated with the percentage of CEUS unperfused area (r = 0.446,p = 0.038). Spearman rank correlation coefficient analysis indicated that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was correlated with PI (r = 0.462, P = 0.032). Welch t test indicated PI, AWI and AWO parameters were significantly lower than that of kidneys (p<0.001, p = 0.009, p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS The CEUS parameters PI, AWI and AWO indirectly reflect the MVD and the tumor volume in our model of subcutaneous transplanted NPC in nude mice, providing precious information on angiogenesis and tumor growth. VEGF may play a role in promoting angiogenesis of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShouJun Liang
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - YaoLi Liu
- Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - ChengCheng Qiu
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - YanHao Chen
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - ShangYong Zhu
- Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Randall KJ, Foster JR. The Demonstration of Immunohistochemical Biomarkers in Methyl Methacrylate-Embedded Plucked Human Hair Follicles. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 35:952-7. [DOI: 10.1080/01926230701748198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Plucked human hair follicles have been proposed as a potential surrogate for tumour tissue for measuring the effect of drugs on pharmacodynamic biomarkers in drug intervention studies. We describe a new technique of embedding plucked hair follicles in the acrylic resin, methyl methacrylate, and the immunohistochemical demonstration of six potential biomarkers (Ki67, EGFR, phospho-p27, phospho-histone H3, phospho-MAPK and phospho-Rb) in de-plasticised sections. The advantages of this technique over those that have been used in support of clinical drug trials, such as skin and tumour biopsies, whole blood and whole hair samples is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Randall
- AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | - John R. Foster
- AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
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Li ZL, Ye SB, OuYang LY, Zhang H, Chen YS, He J, Chen QY, Qian CN, Zhang XS, Cui J, Zeng YX, Li J. COX-2 promotes metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by mediating interactions between cancer cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1044712. [PMID: 26451317 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1044712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) is a common feature of cancer, but its biological roles and molecular mechanism remain unclear. Here, we investigated a molecular link between MDSC expansion and tumor cell metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We demonstrated that MDSCs expanded and were positively correlated with the elevated tumor COX-2 expression and serum IL-6 levels in NPC patients. Importantly, COX-2 and MDSCs were poor predictors of patient disease-free survival (DFS). Knocking down tumor COX-2 expression hampered functional TW03-mediated-MDSC cell (T-MDSC) induction with IL-6 blocking. We identified that T-MDSCs promoted NPC cell migration and invasion by triggering the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) on cell-to-cell contact, and T-MDSCs enhanced tumor experimental lung metastasis in vivo. Interestingly, the contact between T-MDSCs and NPC cells enhanced tumor COX-2 expression, which subsequently activated the β-catenin/TCF4 pathway, resulting in EMT of the cancer cells. Blocking transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) or inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) significantly abolished the T-MDSC-induced upregulation of COX-2 and EMT scores in NPC cells, whereas the administration of TGFβ or L-arginine supplements upregulated COX-2 expression and EMT scores in NPC cells. These findings reveal that COX-2 is a key factor mediating the interaction between MDSCs and tumor cells, suggesting that the inhibition of COX-2 or MDSCs has the potential to suppress NPC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) ; Guangzhou, China ; Department of Biotherapy; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Biao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) ; Guangzhou, China ; Department of Biotherapy; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Yin OuYang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) ; Guangzhou, China ; Department of Biotherapy; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) ; Guangzhou, China ; Department of Biotherapy; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Shan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) ; Guangzhou, China ; Department of Radiotherapy; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) ; Guangzhou, China ; Department of Biotherapy; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) ; Guangzhou, China ; Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao-Nan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) ; Guangzhou, China ; Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Shi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) ; Guangzhou, China ; Department of Biotherapy; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education; State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol; College of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) ; Guangzhou, China ; Department of Biotherapy; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) ; Guangzhou, China
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Bundscherer A, Malsy M, Bitzinger D, Graf BM. [Interaction of anesthetics and analgesics with tumor cells]. Anaesthesist 2014; 63:313-25. [PMID: 24584840 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-014-2310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The results of preclinical and clinical studies indicate that the perioperative period is a vulnerable period for cancer progression and metastasis. The risk of cancer cell dissemination is enhanced by the combination of surgical manipulation and perioperative immunosuppression. Whether the oncological outcome of cancer patients can be influenced by the choice of anesthetic techniques is still a matter of debate. This review summarizes the molecular characteristics of cancer and interaction of anesthetic and analgesic drugs with cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bundscherer
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Franz Josef Strauß Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Deutschland,
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Luo H, Lu L, Yang F, Wang L, Yang X, Luo Q, Zhang Z. Nasopharyngeal cancer-specific therapy based on fusion peptide-functionalized lipid nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2014; 8:4334-4347. [PMID: 24766601 DOI: 10.1021/nn405989n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Current treatment of advanced-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is not satisfactory. Targeted therapies offer hope for extending survival. Here, we developed simple, robust, and NPC-specific therapeutic lipid nanoparticles based on a fusion peptide, α-NTP, made up of an amphipathic α-helical peptide (α-peptide) linked to an NPC-specific therapeutic peptide (NTP). We found that α-NTP not only retained the sub-30 nm nanostructure-controlling ability of the α-peptide but also displayed the enhanced NPC-targeting ability of the NTP, in which the α-peptide accelerated the uptake of the NTP by NPC cells, with a 4.8-fold increase. Following uptake, α-NTP-based lipid nanoparticles (α-NTP-LNs) exerted coordinated cytotoxicity by inducing cell death via apoptosis and autophagy. In vivo and ex vivo optical imaging data showed that systemically administered α-NTP-LNs efficiently accumulated in the NPC xenograft tumor and displayed high contrast between tumor and normal tissues, which was further confirmed by flow cytometry that there had been a 13-fold uptake difference between tumor cells and hepatocytes. More importantly, the therapeutic efficacy of α-NTP-LNs was specific to NPC xenograft formed with 5-8F cells but not to fibrosarcoma xenograft formed with HT1080 cells in vivo. The growth of 5-8F tumors was significantly inhibited by α-NTP-LNs, with more than 85% inhibition relative to control groups (e.g., α-NTP and PBS treatment). In a lung metastasis model of NPC, survival was significantly improved by α-NTP-LN treatment. In a word, these excellent properties of α-NTP-LNs worked in sync and synergistically, maximizing the therapeutic efficacy of α-NTP-LNs against NPC and its metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Luo
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and ‡MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
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The Evolving Role of Systemic Therapy in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Current Strategies and Perspectives. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5947-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Pan J, Tang T, Xu L, Lu JJ, Lin S, Qiu S, Chen G, K Tham IW. Prognostic significance of expression of cyclooxygenase-2, vascular endothelial growth factor, and epidermal growth factor receptor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Head Neck 2012; 35:1238-47. [PMID: 22972415 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and the long-term outcomes in treated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) was studied. METHODS Expression of COX-2, VEGF, and EGFR by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was assessed in 128 patients with NPC. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), locoregional control, and distant metastasis-free survival rates were compared for different expression levels of each marker. Multivariate analysis was by the Cox regression model. RESULTS Median follow-up after radiation therapy ± chemotherapy was 116 months. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that COX-2, VEGF, EGFR, and clinical stage were all independent predictors for OS, DFS, locoregional control, and distant metastasis-free survival rates. CONCLUSIONS High expression of COX-2, VEGF, and EGFR were independent adverse prognostic factors for long-term outcomes in nonmetastatic NPC independent of clinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianji Pan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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Serum vascular endothelial growth factor and COX-2/5-LOX inhibition in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Cancer and Leukemia Group B 150304. J Thorac Oncol 2012; 6:1902-6. [PMID: 21964530 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e31822a7383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Eicosanoids, including PGE-2 and 5-HETE, can increase levels of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Overexpression of COX-2 or 5-LOX increases levels of PGE-2 and 5-HETE, respectively. Elevated levels of VEGF are common in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We prospectively measured VEGF in serum collected from patients enrolled in Cancer and Leukemia Group B 30203, a randomized phase II study of eicosanoid modulation in addition to chemotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC, to determine whether these levels had prognostic significance and whether they correlated with COX-2 expression and/or responded to inhibition of COX-2 or 5-LOX. METHODS Pre- and post-treatment serum was collected from patients enrolled in CALGB 30203. Serum VEGF levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methodology. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the correlation between pretreatment serum VEGF levels and time of overall survival. Pretreatment formalin fixed tissue was stained for 5-LOX and COX-2 by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The median baseline VEGF level was 502 pg/ml (range, 55-3453 pg/ml). Dichotomized serum VEGF levels at median inversely correlated with survival time (p = 0.008), as did VEGF levels as a continuous variable in multivariate analysis (p = 0.035). VEGF levels were significantly correlated neither with baseline COX-2 expression (Pearson r = 0.1524, p = 0.271) nor with 5-LOX expression. Treatment with COX-2 or 5-LOX inhibitors did not alter the levels. CONCLUSION These data indicate that elevated serum VEGF is a negative prognostic variable in NSCLC. VEGF levels are neither correlated with baseline tumor COX-2 expression nor do they respond to COX-2 and/or 5-LOX inhibition plus chemotherapy.
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Chen J, Ran Y, Hong C, Chen Z, You Y. Anti-cancer effects of celecoxib on nasopharyngeal carcinoma HNE-1 cells expressing COX-2 oncoprotein. Cytotechnology 2010; 62:431-8. [PMID: 20809260 PMCID: PMC2993866 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-010-9296-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Celecoxib is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with antitumor and antiangiogenic activities. To investigate the effects of celecoxib on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), HNE-1 cells were treated with celecoxib at various concentrations. MTT assay, migration assay and invasion assay were performed to observe the inhibitory activity of celecoxib on HNE-1 cells. Additionally, VEGF-A expression and radiation survival of NPC cell were also examined after treatment with celecoxib. Celecoxib treatment presented an anti-proliferation function in a time and dose-dependent manner on HNE-1 cells which highly express COX-2 protein. Celecoxib also displayed an obvious inhibitory activity on invasive capacity of NPC cells. Moreover, the celecoxib's effects to suppress VEGF-A expression and enhance radiosensitivity were detected in HNE-1 cells. These findings implicate that application of celecoxib may be an effective strategy for NPC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiongyu Chen
- Tumor Research Lab, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Ran
- Bethune Military Medical College of PLA, 050000 Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoqun Hong
- Tumor Research Lab, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Tumor Research Lab, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanjie You
- Tumor Research Lab, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, People’s Republic of China
- Cancer Research Center, Medical College of Shantou University, 515041 Shantou, People’s Republic of China
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Amrite A, Pugazhenthi V, Cheruvu N, Kompella U. Delivery of celecoxib for treating diseases of the eye: influence of pigment and diabetes. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:631-45. [PMID: 20205602 DOI: 10.1517/17425241003663236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are two major causes of blindness. In these disorders, growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are upregulated, leading to either enhanced vascular permeability or proliferation of endothelium. While corticosteroid therapies available at present suffer from side effects including cataracts and elevated intraocular pressure, anti-VEGF antibody therapies require frequent intravitreal injections, a procedure that can potentially lead to retinal detachment or endophthalmitis. Thus, there is a need to develop safe, sustained release therapeutic approaches for treating AMD and DR. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW This review discusses the pharmacological basis for using celecoxib, an anti-inflammatory drug capable of selectively inhibiting cycloxygenase 2, in treating AMD and DR. In addition, this article discusses the safety, delivery advantage and efficacy of celecoxib by transscleral retinal delivery, a periocular delivery approach that is less invasive to the globe compared with intravitreal injections. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN The reader will gain insights into the development of a pharmacological agent and a sustained release delivery system for treating DR and AMD. Further, the reader will gain insights into the influence of eye physiology including pigmentation and disease states such as DR on retinal drug delivery. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Transscleral sustained delivery of anti-inflammatory agents is a viable option for treating retinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Amrite
- Quinitles, Inc., Clinical Pharmacology, Overland Park, KS 66211, USA
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The progress on genetic analysis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Comp Funct Genomics 2010:57513. [PMID: 18288251 PMCID: PMC2233780 DOI: 10.1155/2007/57513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 12/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare malignancy in most parts of the world, but is one of the most common cancers in Southeast Asia. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the tumorigenesis of NPC, most notably the consumption of certain salted food items and Epstein-Barr virus infection. This review will focus on the current progress of the genetic analysis of NPC (genetic susceptibilities and somatic alterations). We will review the current advances in genomic technologies and their shaping of the future direction of NPC research.
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Lui VW, Yau DM, Wong EY, Ng YK, Lau CPK, Ho Y, Chan JP, Hong B, Ho K, Cheung CS, Tsang CM, Tsao SW, Chan AT. Cucurbitacin I elicits anoikis sensitization, inhibits cellular invasion and in vivo tumor formation ability of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Carcinogenesis 2009; 30:2085-94. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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14
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Higgins JP, Bernstein MB, Hodge JW. Enhancing immune responses to tumor-associated antigens. Cancer Biol Ther 2009; 8:1440-9. [PMID: 19556848 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.8.15.9133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of vaccine-based cancer immunotherapy is to induce a tumor-specific immune response that ultimately reduces tumor burden. However, the immune system is often tolerant to antigens presented by the tumor, as the cancer originates from within a patient and is therefore recognized as self. This article reviews selected clinical strategies for overcoming this immune tolerance, and approaches to enhance generation of immunity to tumor-associated antigens by activating innate immunity, potentiating adaptive immunity, reducing immunosuppression, and enhancing tumor immunogenicity. Success in the field of cancer vaccines has yet to be fully realized, but intelligent choice of immunomodulators, tumor antigens and patient populations will likely lead to clinically relevant uses for cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack P Higgins
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Mizuarai S, Yamanaka K, Itadani H, Arai T, Nishibata T, Hirai H, Kotani H. Discovery of gene expression-based pharmacodynamic biomarker for a p53 context-specific anti-tumor drug Wee1 inhibitor. Mol Cancer 2009; 8:34. [PMID: 19500427 PMCID: PMC2700070 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-8-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wee1 is a tyrosine kinase regulating S-G2 cell cycle transition through the inactivating phosphorylation of CDC2. The inhibition of Wee1 kinase by a selective small molecule inhibitor significantly enhances the anti-tumor efficacy of DNA damaging agents, specifically in p53 negative tumors by abrogating S-G2 checkpoints, while normal cells with wild-type p53 are not severely damaged due to the intact function of the G1 checkpoint mediated by p53. Since the measurement of mRNA expression requires a very small amount of biopsy tissue and is highly quantitative, the development of a pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarker leveraging mRNA expression is eagerly anticipated in order to estimate target engagement of anti-cancer agents. RESULTS In order to find the Wee1 inhibition signature, mRNA expression profiling was first performed in both p53 positive and negative cancer cell lines treated with gemcitabine and a Wee1 inhibitor, MK-1775. We next carried out mRNA expression profiling of skin samples derived from xenograft models treated with the Wee1 inhibitor to identify a Wee1 inhibitor-regulatory gene set. Then, the genes that were commonly modulated in both cancer cell lines and rat skin samples were extracted as a Wee1 inhibition signature that could potentially be used as a PD biomarker independent of p53 status. The expression of the Wee1 inhibition signature was found to be regulated in a dose-dependent manner by the Wee1 inhibitor, and was significantly correlated with the inhibition level of a direct substrate, phosphorylated-CDC2. Individual genes in this Wee1 inhibition signature are known to regulate S-G2 cell cycle progression or checkpoints, which is consistent with the mode-of-action of the Wee1 inhibitor. CONCLUSION We report here the identification of an mRNA gene signature that was specifically changed by gemcitabine and Wee1 inhibitor combination treatment by molecular profiling. Given the common regulation of expression in both xenograft tumors and animal skin samples, the data suggest that the Wee1 inhibition gene signature might be utilized as a quantitative PD biomarker in both tumors and surrogate tissues, such as skin and hair follicles, in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Mizuarai
- Department of Oncology, Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan.
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Cheong JK, Gunaratnam L, Zang ZJ, Yang CM, Sun X, Nasr SL, Sim KG, Peh BK, Rashid SBA, Bonventre JV, Salto-Tellez M, Hsu SI. TRIP-Br2 promotes oncogenesis in nude mice and is frequently overexpressed in multiple human tumors. J Transl Med 2009; 7:8. [PMID: 19152710 PMCID: PMC2671481 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-7-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Members of the TRIP-Br/SERTAD family of mammalian transcriptional coregulators have recently been implicated in E2F-mediated cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis. We, herein, focus on the detailed functional characterization of the least understood member of the TRIP-Br/SERTAD protein family, TRIP-Br2 (SERTAD2). Methods Oncogenic potential of TRIP-Br2 was demonstrated by (1) inoculation of NIH3T3 fibroblasts, which were engineered to stably overexpress ectopic TRIP-Br2, into athymic nude mice for tumor induction and (2) comprehensive immunohistochemical high-throughput screening of TRIP-Br2 protein expression in multiple human tumor cell lines and human tumor tissue microarrays (TMAs). Clinicopathologic analysis was conducted to assess the potential of TRIP-Br2 as a novel prognostic marker of human cancer. RNA interference of TRIP-Br2 expression in HCT-116 colorectal carcinoma cells was performed to determine the potential of TRIP-Br2 as a novel chemotherapeutic drug target. Results Overexpression of TRIP-Br2 is sufficient to transform murine fibroblasts and promotes tumorigenesis in nude mice. The transformed phenotype is characterized by deregulation of the E2F/DP-transcriptional pathway through upregulation of the key E2F-responsive genes CYCLIN E, CYCLIN A2, CDC6 and DHFR. TRIP-Br2 is frequently overexpressed in both cancer cell lines and multiple human tumors. Clinicopathologic correlation indicates that overexpression of TRIP-Br2 in hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with a worse clinical outcome by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Small interfering RNA-mediated (siRNA) knockdown of TRIP-Br2 was sufficient to inhibit cell-autonomous growth of HCT-116 cells in vitro. Conclusion This study identifies TRIP-Br2 as a bona-fide protooncogene and supports the potential for TRIP-Br2 as a novel prognostic marker and a chemotherapeutic drug target in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jit Kong Cheong
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION An expanding understanding of the importance of angiogenesis in oncology and the development of numerous angiogenesis inhibitors are driving the search for biomarkers of angiogenesis. We review currently available candidate biomarkers and surrogate markers of anti-angiogenic agent effect. DISCUSSION A number of invasive, minimally invasive, and non-invasive tools are described with their potential benefits and limitations. Diverse markers can evaluate tumor tissue or biological fluids, or specialized imaging modalities. CONCLUSIONS The inclusion of these markers into clinical trials may provide insight into appropriate dosing for desired biological effects, appropriate timing of additional therapy, prediction of individual response to an agent, insight into the interaction of chemotherapy and radiation following exposure to these agents, and perhaps most importantly, a better understanding of the complex nature of angiogenesis in human tumors. While many markers have potential for clinical use, it is not yet clear which marker or combination of markers will prove most useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron P Brown
- National Institutes of Health, Building 10/3B42, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Amrite AC, Kompella UB. Celecoxib inhibits proliferation of retinal pigment epithelial and choroid-retinal endothelial cells by a cyclooxygenase-2-independent mechanism. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 324:749-58. [PMID: 18032574 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.128918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is a leading cause of blindness. The major reason for severe vision loss in ARMD is choroidal neovascularization due to an elevation in the expression of angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Drugs with anti-VEGF and antiproliferative activities can be beneficial for the treatment of this disorder. We have previously demonstrated that celecoxib [a selective cyclooxygenase (Cox)-2 inhibitor] inhibits VEGF expression in retinal pigment epithelial cells. In this study, we investigated the antiproliferative effects of celecoxib in adult retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) and choroidal endothelial (RF/6A) cells. The results indicate that celecoxib 1) causes a dose-dependent antiproliferative effect in ARPE-19 and RF/6A cells (IC(50) of 23 and 13 microM, respectively); 2) leads to a G(2)-M phase cell cycle arrest in these cell types; and 3) inhibits VEGF-induced proliferation of RF/6A cells (IC(50) of 20 microM). In addition, 4) the concentrations of celecoxib required for antiproliferative effects are lower than those required for the cytotoxicity. These effects of celecoxib are by mechanisms independent of its Cox-2 inhibitory activity because rofecoxib (another Cox-2 inhibitor) had no effects on the proliferation or cell cycle distribution of the two cell types, and flurbiprofen (an inhibitor of Cox-1 and Cox-2) had weak antiproliferative effects on ARPE-19 cells, with IC(50) of 90 microM. In summary, celecoxib has potent antiproliferative effects in RF/6A and ARPE-19 cells; thus, it can be a potential new treatment in proliferative disorders of the choroid-retina such as choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha C Amrite
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Antoniou K, Malamas M, Drosos AA. Clinical pharmacology of celecoxib, a COX-2 selective inhibitor. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2007; 8:1719-32. [PMID: 17685888 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.8.11.1719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
NSAIDs are extensively used worldwide; nonetheless, they are associated with adverse gastrointestinal (GI) effects. COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs) have been developed to reduce pain and inflammation without associated GI and bleeding risks. Celecoxib was the first COX-2 inhibitor introduced on the market, and it still remains so, whereas rofecoxib and valdecoxib were withdrawn due to excess cardiovascular (CV) risk. There is consequently a concern that CV toxicity reflects a class effect of all COX-2 inhibitors. Celecoxib possesses anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, and the evidence for CV risk is rather small and comparable to that of other traditional NSAIDs in short-term treatments (of < 4 weeks). It could be suggested that the use of low doses of celecoxib (100 mg b.i.d.) in short-treatment, especially in patients with previous experience of GI events and the recommendation of avoiding use of celecoxib in patients with CV history or risk, contribute in the decision-making process of prescribing COX-2 or NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Antoniou
- University of Ioannina, Department of Pharmacology, Medical school, Ioannina, Greece
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Ma BBY, Chan ATC. Transcriptional profiling of tumor biopsies in oncology trials—a ‘window’ of opportunity for evaluating new drugs in nasopharyngeal cancer? Ann Oncol 2006; 17:1611-3. [PMID: 17071766 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdl416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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