1
|
Wang X, Dong Y, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Miao T, Mohseni G, Du L, Wang C. DNA methylation drives a new path in gastric cancer early detection: Current impact and prospects. Genes Dis 2024; 11:847-860. [PMID: 37692483 PMCID: PMC10491876 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common and deadly cancers worldwide. Early detection offers the best chance for curative treatment and reducing its mortality. However, the optimal population-based early screening for GC remains unmet. Aberrant DNA methylation occurs in the early stage of GC, exhibiting cancer-specific genetic and epigenetic changes, and can be detected in the media such as blood, gastric juice, and feces, constituting a valuable biomarker for cancer early detection. Furthermore, DNA methylation is a stable epigenetic alteration, and many innovative methods have been developed to quantify it rapidly and accurately. Nonetheless, large-scale clinical validation of DNA methylation serving as tumor biomarkers is still lacking, precluding their implementation in clinical practice. In conclusion, after a critical analysis of the recent existing literature, we summarized the evolving roles of DNA methylation during GC occurrence, expounded the newly discovered noninvasive DNA methylation biomarkers for early detection of GC, and discussed its challenges and prospects in clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Yaqi Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuling Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 402774, China
| | - Yinghui Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
- Suzhou Research Institute of Shandong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Tianshu Miao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Ghazal Mohseni
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Lutao Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
- Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker Detection, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Clinical Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Chuanxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
- Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker Detection, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Clinical Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Youn HS, Jun JS, Yeom JS, Park JS, Lim JY, Woo HO, Yang JW, Baik SC, Lee WK, Seo JH. Identification of Autoantigens in Pediatric Gastric Juices. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2024; 27:15-25. [PMID: 38249638 PMCID: PMC10796257 DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2024.27.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the presence of autoantigens in the gastric juices of children. Methods Gastric juice and serum samples were obtained from 53 children <15 years of age who underwent gastric endoscopy. Among these, 8, 22, and 23 participants were in the age groups 0-5, 6-10, and 11-15 years, respectively. These samples were analyzed using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), immunoblot analysis, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of-flight mass spectrometry. Furthermore, we reviewed the histopathological findings and urease test results and compared them with the results of 2-DE and immunoblot analysis. Results There were no statistically significant differences in urease test positivity, grades of chronic gastritis, active gastritis, or Helicobacter pylori infiltration of the antrum and body among the three age groups. Three distinct patterns of gastric juice were observed on 2-DE. Pattern I was the most common, and pattern III was not observed below the age of 5 years. Histopathological findings were significantly different among active gastritis (p=0.037) and H. pylori infiltration (p=0.060) in the gastric body. The immunoblots showed large spots at an approximate pH of 3-4 and molecular weights of 31-45 kDa. These distinct, large positive spots were identified as gastric lipase and pepsin A and C. Conclusion Three enzymes, which are normally secreted under acidic conditions were identified as autoantigens. Further investigation of the pathophysiology and function of autoantigens in the stomach is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Shang Youn
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jin-Su Jun
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jung Sook Yeom
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Korea
| | - Ji Sook Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Korea
| | - Hyang-Ok Woo
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jung-Wook Yang
- Department of Pathology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Korea
| | - Seung-Chul Baik
- Department of Microbiology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Korea
| | - Woo-Kon Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xue Y, Huang C, Pei B, Wang Z, Dai Y. An overview of DNA methylation markers for early detection of gastric cancer: current status, challenges, and prospects. Front Genet 2023; 14:1234645. [PMID: 37560387 PMCID: PMC10407555 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1234645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies, with a low 5-year survival rate. However, if diagnosed at an early stage, it can be cured by endoscopic treatment and has a good prognosis. While gastrointestinal X-ray and upper endoscopy are used as national GC screening methods in some GC high-risk countries, such as Japan and Korea, their radiation exposure, invasiveness, and high cost suggest that they are not the optimal tools for early detection of GC in many countries. Therefore, a cost-effective, and highly accurate method for GC early detection is urgently needed in clinical settings. DNA methylation plays a key role in cancer progression and metastasis and has been demonstrated as a promising marker for cancer early detection. Aims and methods: This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current status of DNA methylation markers associated with GC, the assays developed for GC early detection, challenges in methylation marker discovery and application, and the future prospects of utilizing methylation markers for early detection of GC. Through our analysis, we found that the currently reported DNA methylation markers related to GC are mainly in the early discovery stage. Most of them have only been evaluated in tissue samples. The majority of non-invasive assays developed based on blood lack standardized sampling protocols, pre-analytical procedures, and multicenter validation, and they exhibit insufficient sensitivity for early-stage GC detection. Meanwhile, the reported GC DNA methylation markers are generally considered pan-cancer markers. Conclusion: Therefore, future endeavors should focus on identifying additional methylation markers specific to GC and establishing non-invasive diagnostic assays that rely on these markers. These assays should undergo multicenter, large-scale prospective validation in diverse populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xue
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chao Huang
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bing Pei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
| | - ZhenZhen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Xuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yanmiao Dai
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zeng Y, Rong H, Xu J, Cao R, Li S, Gao Y, Cheng B, Zhou T. DNA Methylation: An Important Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Gastric Cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:823905. [PMID: 35309131 PMCID: PMC8931997 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.823905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a very common malignancy with a poor prognosis, and its occurrence and development are closely related to epigenetic modifications. Methylation of DNA before or during gastric cancer is an interesting research topic. This article reviews the studies on DNA methylation related to the cause, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of gastric cancer and aims to find cancer biomarkers to solve major human health problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huimin Rong
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ruyue Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuhua Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanjing Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Baoquan Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Zhou,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Herrera-Pariente C, Montori S, Llach J, Bofill A, Albeniz E, Moreira L. Biomarkers for Gastric Cancer Screening and Early Diagnosis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101448. [PMID: 34680565 PMCID: PMC8533304 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with a bad prognosis associated with late-stage diagnosis, significantly decreasing the overall survival. This highlights the importance of early detection to improve the clinical course of these patients. Although screening programs, based on endoscopic or radiologic approaches, have been useful in countries with high incidence, they are not cost-effective in low-incidence populations as a massive screening strategy. Additionally, current biomarkers used in daily routine are not specific and sensitive enough, and most of them are obtained invasively. Thus, it is imperative to discover new noninvasive biomarkers able to diagnose early-stage gastric cancer. In this context, liquid biopsy is a promising strategy. In this review, we briefly discuss some of the potential biomarkers for gastric cancer screening and diagnosis identified in blood, saliva, urine, stool, and gastric juice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Herrera-Pariente
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.H.-P.); (J.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Sheyla Montori
- UPNA, IdiSNA, Navarrabiomed Biomedical Research Center, Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Research Unit, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.M.); (E.A.)
| | - Joan Llach
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.H.-P.); (J.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Alex Bofill
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.H.-P.); (J.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Eduardo Albeniz
- UPNA, IdiSNA, Navarrabiomed Biomedical Research Center, Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Research Unit, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.M.); (E.A.)
- Endoscopy Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leticia Moreira
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.H.-P.); (J.L.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pizzi MP, Bartelli TF, Pelosof AG, Freitas HC, Begnami MD, de Abrantes LLS, Sztokfisz C, Valieris R, Knebel FH, Coelho LGV, da Costa WL, Coimbra FJF, da Silva IT, de Amorim MG, Nunes DN, Dias-Neto E. Identification of DNA mutations in gastric washes from gastric adenocarcinoma patients: Possible implications for liquid biopsies and patient follow-up. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:1090-1098. [PMID: 30779121 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Whereas cancer patients have benefited from liquid biopsies, the scenario for gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) is still dismal. We used next-generation deep sequencing of TP53-a highly mutated and informative gene in GAC-to assess mutations in tumor biopsies, plasma (PL) and stomach fluids (gastric wash-GW). We evaluated their potential to reveal tumor-derived mutations, useful for monitoring mutational dynamics at diagnosis, progression and treatment. Exon-capture libraries were constructed from 46 patients including tumor biopsies, GW and PL pre and post-treatment (196 samples), with high vertical coverage >8,000×. At diagnosis, we detected TP53 mutations in 15/46 biopsies (32.6%), 7/46 GW- (15.2%) and 6/46 PL-samples (13%). Biopsies and GW were concordant in 38/46 cases (82.6%) for the presence/absence of mutations and, furthermore, four GW-exclusive mutations were identified, suggesting tumor heterogeneity. Considering the combined analysis of GW and PL, TP53 mutations found in biopsies were also identified in 9/15 (60%) of cases, the highest detection level reported for GAC. Our study indicates that GW could be useful to track DNA alterations, especially if anchored to a comprehensive gene-panel designed for this malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Pool Pizzi
- Laboratory of Medical Genomics, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Helano Carioca Freitas
- Laboratory of Medical Genomics, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Oncology, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Renan Valieris
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Gonzaga Vaz Coelho
- Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Wilson Luiz da Costa
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe J F Coimbra
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Israel Tojal da Silva
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Diana Noronha Nunes
- Laboratory of Medical Genomics, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Dias-Neto
- Laboratory of Medical Genomics, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Neurosciences Alzira Denise Hertzog Silva (LIM-27), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Detection of digestive malignancies and post-gastrectomy complications via gastrointestinal fluid examination. Front Med 2017; 11:20-31. [PMID: 28213880 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-016-0493-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
To date, gastric carcinoma (GC) is one of the common and fatal digestive malignancies worldwide. The prognosis of GC is not always satisfactory because of late diagnosis. Scholars are keen on discovering novel accurate and economical biomarkers in body liquids for GC screening to detect and evaluate the lesion before the results of imaging techniques are obtained. While traditional serum assays have limited sensitivity and specificity, gastrointestinal juice may provide relevant specific biomarkers because of its close contact with the tumor. Herein, the current progress in the relationship between gastrointestinal fluid analyses and GC is systematically and comprehensively reviewed. The detection of gastric juice pH, fluorescence spectrum, cytology, Helicobacter pylori-associated markers, nitrosamines, conventional tumor markers, amino acids, proteomics, microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, protein-coding genes, vitamin C, etc., and combination tests of different category markers could provide important diagnostic and prognostic clues for gastrointestinal diseases. Particularly, early GC may be efficiently screened using gastric juice. Gastrointestinal fluid examination could also predict the adverse effects of postgastrectomy, such as pancreatic leakage, fistula, and abscess. Gastric fluid markers should be further studied to reveal the early predicators of malignancy and complications. The methods for obtaining the samples of gastrointestinal juice with minimum incision should also be comprehensively investigated.
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu JZ, Zhou LY. Elevated amino acids in gastric juice as potential biomarkers for gastric cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:1984-1992. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i13.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis plays a vital role in the improvement of the curative rate of gastric cancer. However, the poor specificity and sensitivity of traditional gastric cancer biomarkers, such as carcino-embryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 199, make it difficult to screen early gastric cancer. Gastric juice amino acid profile may be an alternative tumor marker, since abnormal elevation of amino acids in gastric juice has been reported in precancerous patients. Normal concentration of amino acids is extremely low in gastric juice, and special techniques are required to detect amino acids in gastric juice. The change of amino acids in gastric juice is more significant than in blood and tumor tissue. The amino acid profile in gastric juice may work as efficient biomarkers for gastric cancer with the development of amino acid detection technique.
Collapse
|
9
|
Harada T, Yamamoto E, Yamano HO, Nojima M, Maruyama R, Kumegawa K, Ashida M, Yoshikawa K, Kimura T, Harada E, Takagi R, Tanaka Y, Aoki H, Nishizono M, Nakaoka M, Tsuyada A, Niinuma T, Kai M, Shimoda K, Shinomura Y, Sugai T, Imai K, Suzuki H. Analysis of DNA methylation in bowel lavage fluid for detection of colorectal cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2014; 7:1002-10. [PMID: 25139296 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation could potentially serve as a biomarker for colorectal neoplasms. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of using DNA methylation detected in bowel lavage fluid (BLF) for colorectal cancer screening. A total of 508 BLF specimens were collected from patients with colorectal cancer (n = 56), advanced adenoma (n = 53), minor polyp (n = 209), and healthy individuals (n = 190) undergoing colonoscopy. Methylation of 15 genes (miR-1-1, miR-9-1, miR-9-3, miR-34b/c, miR-124-1, miR-124-2, miR-124-3, miR-137, SFRP1, SFRP2, APC, DKK2, WIF1, LOC386758, and ZNF582) was then analyzed in MethyLight assays, after which receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were analyzed to assess the diagnostic performance of BLF methylation. Through analyzing BLF specimens in a training set (n = 345), we selected the three genes showing the greatest sensitivity for colorectal cancer detection (miR-124-3, 71.8%; LOC386758, 79.5%; and SFRP1, 74.4%). A scoring system based on the methylation of those three genes (M-score) achieved 82% sensitivity and 79% specificity, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.834. The strong performance of this system was then validated in an independent test set (n = 153; AUC = 0.808). No significant correlation was found between M-score and the clinicopathologic features of the colorectal cancers. Our results demonstrate that DNA methylation in BLF specimens may be a useful biomarker for the detection of colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taku Harada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan. Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan. Center for Gastroenterology, Teine-Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan. Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiro-o Yamano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akita Red Cross Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Masanori Nojima
- The Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reo Maruyama
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan. Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kohei Kumegawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masami Ashida
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Yoshikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akita Red Cross Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akita Red Cross Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Eiji Harada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akita Red Cross Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Ryo Takagi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akita Red Cross Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akita Red Cross Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Hironori Aoki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan. Department of Gastroenterology, Akita Red Cross Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Masayo Nishizono
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akita Red Cross Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Michiko Nakaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akita Red Cross Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tsuyada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Niinuma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan. Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shimoda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Shinomura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Sugai
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Kohzoh Imai
- The Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromu Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Toiyama Y, Okugawa Y, Goel A. DNA methylation and microRNA biomarkers for noninvasive detection of gastric and colorectal cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 455:43-57. [PMID: 25128828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer initiation and progression is controlled by both genetic and epigenetic events. Epigenetics refers to the study of mechanisms that alter gene expression without permanently altering the DNA sequence. Epigenetic alterations are reversible and heritable, and include changes in histone modifications, DNA methylation, and non-coding RNA-mediated gene silencing. Disruption of epigenetic processes can lead to altered gene function and malignant cellular transformation. Aberrant epigenetic modifications occur at the earliest stages of neoplastic transformation and are now believed to be essential players in cancer initiation and progression. Recent advances in epigenetics have not only offered a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanism(s) of carcinogenesis, but have also allowed identification of clinically relevant putative biomarkers for the early detection, disease monitoring, prognosis and risk assessment of cancer patients. At this moment, DNA methylation and non-coding RNA including with microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent the largest body of available literature on epigenetic biomarkers with the highest potential for cancer diagnosis. Following identification of cell-free nucleic acids in systematic circulation, increasing evidence has demonstrated the potential of cell-free epigenetic biomarkers in the blood or other body fluids for cancer detection. In this article, we summarize the current state of knowledge on epigenetic biomarkers - primarily DNA methylation and non-coding RNAs - as potential substrates for cancer detection in gastric and colorectal cancer, the two most frequent cancers within the gastrointestinal tract. We also discuss the obstacles that have limited the routine use of epigenetic biomarkers in the clinical settings and provide our perspective on approaches that might help overcome these hurdles, so that these biomarkers can be readily developed for clinical management of cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Toiyama
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center and Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, 3500 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX 75246, USA; Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshinaga Okugawa
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center and Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, 3500 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX 75246, USA; Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Ajay Goel
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center and Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, 3500 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX 75246, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chae HD, Kim IH, Lee GH, Shin IH, Suh HS, Jeon CH. Gastric cancer detection using gastric juice pepsinogen and melanoma-associated gene RNA. Am J Clin Pathol 2013; 140:209-14. [PMID: 23897256 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpohxrm5iyxvoc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a new method for gastric cancer detection with gastric juice using melanoma-associated gene (MAGE) RNA and pepsinogen (PG). METHODS In total, 183 gastric juice and paired serum specimens were obtained from 134 patients with gastric cancer and 49 healthy individuals. The gastric juice specimens were analyzed with MAGE A1 to A6 nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The serum and gastric juice PG were measured with a PG I and II immunoassay. RESULTS The gastric juice PG I and PG I/II ratios were more accurate than those of serum. The combination test using the gastric PG I/II ratio and MAGE was the most accurate, with a sensitivity of 77.6% and a specificity of 87.8%. The sensitivity was 78.8% for stage I gastric cancer and not influenced by cancer location or pathologic type. CONCLUSIONS The combination test is potentially an additional tool for gastric cancer detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Dong Chae
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, South Korea
| | - In-Ho Kim
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Geon Ho Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Im-Hee Shin
- Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hun-Suk Suh
- Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chang-Ho Jeon
- Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To evaluate recent developments in nutritional epigenomics and related challenges, opportunities, and implications for cancer control and prevention. RECENT FINDINGS Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and understanding the factors that contribute to cancer development may facilitate the development of strategies for cancer prevention and control. Cancer development involves genetic and epigenetic alterations. Genetic marks are permanent, whereas epigenetic marks are dynamic, change with age, and are influenced by the external environment. Thus, epigenetics provides a link between the environment, diet, and cancer development. Proper food selection is imperative for better health and to avoid cancer and other diseases. Nutrients either contribute directly to cancer prevention or support the repair of genomic and epigenomic damage caused by exposure to cancer-causing agents such as toxins, free radicals, radiation, and infectious agents. Nutritional epigenomics provides an opportunity for cancer prevention because selected nutrients have the potential to reverse cancer-associated epigenetic marks in different tumor types. A number of natural foods and their bioactive components have been shown to have methylation-inhibitory and deacetylation-inhibitory properties. SUMMARY Natural foods and bioactive food components have characteristics and functions that are similar to epigenetic inhibitors and therefore have potential in cancer control and prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Verma
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-7324, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Deng K, Zhou LY, Lin SR, Li Y, Chen M, Geng QM, Li YW. A novel approach for the detection of early gastric cancer: fluorescence spectroscopy of gastric juice. J Dig Dis 2013; 14:299-304. [PMID: 23356830 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of fluorescence spectroscopy of gastric juice for early gastric cancer (EGC) screening. METHODS Gastric juice was collected from 101 participants who underwent endoscopy in the Outpatient Endoscopy Center of Peking University Third Hospital. The participants were divided into three groups: the normal mucosa or chronic non-atrophic gastritis (NM-CNAG) group (n = 35), advanced gastric cancer (AGC) group (n = 33) and EGC group (n = 33). Fluorescence spectroscopic analysis was performed in all the gastric juice samples and the maximum fluorescence intensity of the first peak (P1 FI) was measured. RESULTS The mean fluorescence intensity of P1 FI of gastric juice in AGC (92.1 ± 10.7) and EGC (90.8 ± 12.0) groups was significantly higher than that in the NM-CNAG group (55.7 ± 7.5) (AGC vs NM-CNAG, P = 0.006 and EGC vs NM-CNAG, P = 0.015, respectively). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the detection of AGC and EGC were 0.681 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.553-0.810, P = 0.010) and 0.655 (95% CI 0.522-0.787, P = 0.028). With the P1 FI of ≥47.7, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for detecting EGC were 69.7%, 57.1% and 63.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The enhancement of P1 FI of gastric juice occurs at the early stage of gastric cancer. Fluorescence spectroscopy of gastric juice may be used as a novel screening tool for the early detection of gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yantiss RK, Samowitz WS. Molecular Pathology of Gastrointestinal Cancer. Surg Pathol Clin 2012; 5:821-42. [PMID: 26838505 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to discuss important molecular changes that aid decision making in patient management and play a role in emerging treatment strategies for gastrointestinal malignancies. Although screening and surveillance practices have had an impact on the natural history of some tumor types, gastric carcinoma is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in high prevalence regions and colorectal carcinoma is still the fourth leading cause of cancer related death in the United States.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda K Yantiss
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wade S Samowitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, 15 N. Medical Drive East-2100, Salt Lake City, UT 84112.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Deng K, Lin S, Zhou L, Li Y, Chen M, Wang Y, Li Y. High levels of aromatic amino acids in gastric juice during the early stages of gastric cancer progression. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49434. [PMID: 23152906 PMCID: PMC3496670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early-stage gastric cancer is mostly asymptomatic and can easily be missed easily by conventional gastroscopy. Currently, there are no useful biomarkers for the early detection of gastric cancer, and their identification of biomarkers is urgently needed. Methods Gastric juice was obtained from 185 subjects that were divided into three groups: non-neoplastic gastric disease (NGD), advanced gastric cancer and early gastric cancer (EGC). The levels of aromatic amino acids in the gastric juice were quantitated using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results The median values (25th to 75th percentile) of tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan in the gastric juice were 3.8 (1.7–7.5) µg/ml, 5.3 (2.3–9.9) µg/ml and 1.0 (0.4–2.8) µg/ml in NGD; 19.4 (5.8–72.4) µg/ml, 24.6 (11.5–73.7) µg/ml and 8.3 (2.1–28.0) µg/ml in EGC. Higher levels of tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan in the gastric juice were observed in individuals of EGC groups compared those of the NGD group (NGD vs. EGC, P<0.0001). For the detection of EGC, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of each biomarker were as follows: tyrosine, 0.790 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.703–0.877]; phenylalanine, 0.831 (95% CI, 0.750–0.911); and tryptophan, 0.819 (95% CI, 0.739–0.900). The sensitivity and specificity of phenylalanine were 75.5% and 81.4%, respectively, for detection of EGC. A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that high levels of aromatic amino acids in the gastric juice were associated with gastric cancer (adjusted β coefficients ranged from 1.801 to 4.414, P<0.001). Conclusion Increased levels of tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan in the gastric juice samples were detected in the early phase of gastric carcinogenesis. Thus, tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan in gastric juice could be used as biomarkers for the early detection of gastric cancer. A gastric juice analysis is an efficient, economical and convenient method for screening early gastric cancer development in the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sanren Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liya Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Khazanov E, Emmanuel N, Azab AK, Barenholz Y, Yavin E, Rubinstein A. Specific detection of gastric alpha-antitrypsin by immobilized trypsin on polyHEMA films. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:944-52. [PMID: 20583815 DOI: 10.1021/mp100076x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of gastric carcinoma is crucial for maximizing medical treatment efficacy. For the purpose of real time diagnosis ("virtual biopsy") of stomach malignancy we developed a polyHEMA platform capable of capturing human alpha1-antitrypsin precursor (A1AT); a model proteinaceous luminal biomarker. Its specific attachment to the polymeric platform was accomplished by immobilized trypsin, which was linked to the surface of the polyHEMA film by a series of PEG-based spacers. Recognition was enabled by adapting an ELISA-like methodology, using rabbit anti-A1AT and HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG as a secondary antibody. Since this A1AT-sensing platform was designed to be detected by endoscopic means such as a video capsule, its physical stability was tested after casting on top of a polycarbonate surface. It was found that, in contrast to classical ELISA analysis performed on polystyrene plates, A1AT detection was possible only when spacer arms were used to immobilize the capturing moiety, trypsin, with a 7-fold increase in the optical signal and a saturation kinetics dependency upon the concentration of the A1AT biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Khazanov
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
|