1
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Arffman M, Meriranta L, Autio M, Holte H, Jørgensen J, Brown P, Jyrkkiö S, Jerkeman M, Drott K, Fluge Ø, Björkholm M, Karjalainen-Lindsberg ML, Beiske K, Pedersen MØ, Leivonen SK, Leppä S. Inflammatory and subtype-dependent serum protein signatures predict survival beyond the ctDNA in aggressive B cell lymphomas. MED 2024; 5:583-602.e5. [PMID: 38579729 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological heterogeneity of large B cell lymphomas (LBCLs) is poorly captured by current prognostic tools, hampering optimal treatment decisions. METHODS We dissected the levels of 1,463 serum proteins in a uniformly treated trial cohort of 109 patients with high-risk primary LBCL (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01325194) and correlated the profiles with molecular data from tumor tissue and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) together with clinical data. FINDINGS We discovered clinically and biologically relevant associations beyond established clinical estimates and ctDNA. We identified an inflamed serum protein profile, which reflected host response to lymphoma, associated with inflamed and exhausted tumor microenvironment features and high ctDNA burden, and translated to poor outcome. We composed an inflammation score based on the identified inflammatory proteins and used the score to predict survival in an independent LBCL trial cohort (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03293173). Furthermore, joint analyses with ctDNA uncovered multiple serum proteins that correlate with tumor burden. We found that SERPINA9, TACI, and TARC complement minimally invasive subtype profiling and that TACI and TARC can be used to evaluate treatment response in a subtype-dependent manner in the liquid biopsy. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, we discovered distinct serum protein landscapes that dissect the heterogeneity of LBCLs and provide agile, minimally invasive tools for precision oncology. FUNDING This research was funded by grants from the Research Council of Finland, Finnish Cancer Organizations, Sigrid Juselius Foundation, University of Helsinki, iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Orion Research Foundation sr, and Helsinki University Hospital.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Blood Proteins/genetics
- Blood Proteins/analysis
- Circulating Tumor DNA/blood
- Circulating Tumor DNA/genetics
- Inflammation/blood
- Inflammation/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/blood
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/mortality
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/blood
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/mortality
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Prognosis
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Maare Arffman
- Research Programs Unit, Applied Tumor Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland; iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leo Meriranta
- Research Programs Unit, Applied Tumor Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland; iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matias Autio
- Research Programs Unit, Applied Tumor Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland; iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harald Holte
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital and KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Oslo, Norway
| | - Judit Jørgensen
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Brown
- Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sirkku Jyrkkiö
- Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mats Jerkeman
- Department of Oncology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristina Drott
- Department of Oncology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Øystein Fluge
- Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Magnus Björkholm
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Klaus Beiske
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mette Ølgod Pedersen
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Suvi-Katri Leivonen
- Research Programs Unit, Applied Tumor Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland; iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sirpa Leppä
- Research Programs Unit, Applied Tumor Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland; iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland.
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2
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Chua BJG, Low CE, Yau CE, Tan YH, Chiang J, Chang EWY, Chan JY, Poon EYL, Somasundaram N, Rashid MFBH, Tao M, Lim ST, Yang VS. Recent updates on central nervous system prophylaxis in patients with high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:1. [PMID: 38173015 PMCID: PMC10765685 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains controversial. Although uncommon, CNS relapses are invariably fatal in this otherwise curable disease. Accurate identification of patients at risk and the optimal approach to CNS prophylaxis therefore remains an area of unmet need. The existing literature, largely retrospective in nature, provides mixed conclusions regarding the efficacy of CNS prophylaxis. The utility of CNS prophylaxis has itself been challenged. In this review, we dissect the issues which render the value of CNS prophylaxis uncertain. We first compare international clinical guidelines for CNS prophylaxis. We then interrogate the factors that should be used to identify high-risk patients accurately. We also explore how clinical patterns of CNS relapse have changed in the pre-rituximab and rituximab era. We then discuss the efficacy of CNS-directed approaches, intensification of systemic treatment and other novel approaches in CNS prophylaxis. Improved diagnostics for early detection of CNS relapses and newer therapeutics for CNS prophylaxis are areas of active investigation. In an area where prospective, randomized studies are impracticable and lacking, guidance for the use of CNS prophylaxis will depend on rigorous statistical review of retrospective data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Ji Guang Chua
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Chen Ee Low
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Chun En Yau
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Ya Hwee Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Jianbang Chiang
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Esther Wei Yin Chang
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Jason Yongsheng Chan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Oncology Academic Clinical Program, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Eileen Yi Ling Poon
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Nagavalli Somasundaram
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Oncology Academic Clinical Program, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Mohamed Farid Bin Harunal Rashid
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Oncology Academic Clinical Program, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Miriam Tao
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Oncology Academic Clinical Program, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Soon Thye Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Oncology Academic Clinical Program, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Valerie Shiwen Yang
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Oncology Academic Clinical Program, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
- Translational Precision Oncology Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), 61 Biopolis Dr Proteos, Singapore, 138673, A*STAR, Singapore.
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3
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Lewis KL, Jakobsen LH, Villa D, Smedby KE, Savage KJ, Eyre TA, Cwynarski K, Bishton MJ, Fox CP, Hawkes EA, Maurer MJ, El-Galaly TC, Cheah CY. High-Dose Methotrexate as CNS Prophylaxis in High-Risk Aggressive B-Cell Lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:5376-5387. [PMID: 37797284 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE CNS progression or relapse is an uncommon but devastating complication of aggressive B-cell lymphoma. There is no consensus regarding the optimal approach to CNS prophylaxis. This study was designed to determine whether high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) is effective at preventing CNS progression in patients at high risk of this complication. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients age 18-80 years with aggressive B-cell lymphoma and high risk of CNS progression, treated with curative-intent anti-CD20-based chemoimmunotherapy, were included in this international, retrospective, observational study. Cause-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and cumulative risks of CNS progression were calculated according to use of HD-MTX, with time to CNS progression calculated from diagnosis for all patients (all-pts) and from completion of frontline systemic lymphoma induction therapy, for patients in complete response at completion of chemoimmunotherapy (CR-pts). RESULTS Two thousand four hundred eighteen all-pts (HD-MTX; n = 425) and 1,616 CR-pts (HD-MTX; n = 356) were included. CNS International Prognostic Index was 4-6 in 83.4% all-pts. Patients treated with HD-MTX had a lower risk of CNS progression (adjusted HR, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.38 to 0.90]; P = .014), but significance was not retained when confined to CR-pts (adjusted HR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.42 to 1.30]; P = .29), with 5-year adjusted risk difference of 1.6% (95% CI, -1.5 to 4.4; all-pts) and 1.4% (95% CI, -1.5 to 4.1; CR-pts). Subgroups were underpowered to draw definitive conclusions regarding the efficacy of HD-MTX in individual high-risk clinical scenarios; however, there was no clear reduction in CNS progression risk with HD-MTX in any high-risk subgroup. CONCLUSION In this large study, high-risk patients receiving HD-MTX had a 7.2% 2-year risk of CNS progression, consistent with the progression risk in previously reported high-risk cohorts. Use of HD-MTX was not associated with a clinically meaningful reduction in risk of CNS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine L Lewis
- Linear Clinical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Division of Haematology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Division of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lasse H Jakobsen
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Diego Villa
- BC Cancer Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Karin E Smedby
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kerry J Savage
- BC Cancer Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Toby A Eyre
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Cwynarski
- University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J Bishton
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher P Fox
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Eliza A Hawkes
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research & Wellness Centre at Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Monash University School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew J Maurer
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Tarec C El-Galaly
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Chan Y Cheah
- Linear Clinical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Division of Haematology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Division of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Haematology, PathWest, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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4
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Ludvigsen M, Campbell AJ, Enemark MB, Hybel TE, Karjalainen-Lindsberg ML, Beiske K, Bjerre M, Pedersen LM, Holte H, Leppä S, Jørgensen JM, Honoré B. Proteomics uncovers molecular features for relapse risk stratification in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood Cancer J 2023; 13:161. [PMID: 37884514 PMCID: PMC10603067 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-023-00931-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Ludvigsen
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | | | - Marie Beck Enemark
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Trine Engelbrecht Hybel
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Klaus Beiske
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mette Bjerre
- Medical/Steno Aarhus Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Harald Holte
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for B-Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sirpa Leppä
- Research Program Unit, Applied Tumor Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Bent Honoré
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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5
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Lantz J, Portell CA, Ayers EC. Central nervous system prophylaxis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: What does the evidence tell us? Blood Rev 2023; 61:101101. [PMID: 37258362 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2023.101101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Secondary involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) by diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a rare yet often catastrophic event for DLBCL patients. As standard first-line therapy for DLBCL with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) does not cross the blood-brain barrier, one approach to lessen the risk of CNS relapse has been to include additional agents, primarily methotrexate, directed at the CNS with standard R-CHOP although the timing, dose, and mode of administration differs widely across treating physicians. This practice derives from decades of non-randomized, often retrospective data with inconsistent outcomes. The current available tools and risk models are imprecise in their ability to predict which patients are truly at risk of secondary CNS relapse and more recent, large-scale real-world analyses call into question these longstanding practices. In a field lacking any prospective, randomized studies, this review synthesizes the available data investigating the utility of CNS prophylaxis in patients with DLBCL receiving 1st line therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Lantz
- Division of Hematology and Oncology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine; Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Craig A Portell
- Division of Hematology and Oncology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine; Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Emily C Ayers
- Division of Hematology and Oncology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine; Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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6
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Thieblemont C, Altmann B, Frontzek F, Renaud L, Chartier L, Ketterer N, Récher C, Poeschel V, Fitoussi O, Held G, Casasnovas O, Haioun C, Morschhauser F, Glass B, Mounier N, Tilly H, Rosenwald A, Ott G, Lenz G, Molina T, Ziepert M, Schmitz N. Central nervous system relapse in younger patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a LYSA and GLA/DSHNHL analysis. Blood Adv 2023; 7:3968-3977. [PMID: 36716220 PMCID: PMC10410133 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Most patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) can be cured with immunochemotherapy such as R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone). Patients with progression or relapse in the central nervous system (CNS) face dismal outcomes. The impact of more aggressive regimens used in frontline therapy has not been systematically investigated in this context. To this end, we analyzed a large cohort of 2203 younger patients with DLBCL treated on 10 German (German Lymphoma Alliance [GLA]/The German High Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group [DSHNHL]) and French (The Lymphoma Study Association [LYSA]) prospective phase 2 and 3 trials after first-line therapy with R-CHOP, R-CHOEP (R-CHOP + etoposide), dose-escalated R-CHOEP followed by repetitive stem cell transplantation (R-MegaCHOEP), or R-ACVBP (rituximab, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vindesine, bleomycine, and prednisone) followed by consolidation including multiple drugs crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Patients with DLBCL with an age-adjusted International Prognostic Index (aaIPI) of 0 to 1 showed very low cumulative incidence rates of CNS relapse regardless of first-line therapy and CNS prophylaxis (3-year cumulative incidences 0%-1%). Younger high-risk patients with aaIPI of 2 to 3 had 3-year cumulative incidence rates of 1.6% and 4% after R-ACVBP plus consolidation or R-(Mega)CHO(E)P, respectively (hazard ratio 2.4; 95% confidence interval: 0.8-7.4; P = .118). Thus, for younger high-risk patients, frontline regimens incorporating agents crossing the BBB may reduce often fatal CNS relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Thieblemont
- Université de Paris, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hemato-oncologie, Saint-Louis Hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Bettina Altmann
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Fabian Frontzek
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumonology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Loïc Renaud
- Université de Paris, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hemato-oncologie, Saint-Louis Hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Loic Chartier
- Statistique, Lymphoma Academic Research Organisation, Pierre-Benite, France
| | - Nicolas Ketterer
- Centre d’Oncologie-Hématologie, Bois-Cerf Clinique, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Récher
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Viola Poeschel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical School, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Olivier Fitoussi
- Oncologie-Hematologie, Polyclinique Bordeaux Nord Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gerhard Held
- Department for Hematology and Oncology, Westpfalz-Klnikum Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Olivier Casasnovas
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, INSERM UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | - Corinne Haioun
- APHP, Hematologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Creteil, France
| | | | - Bertram Glass
- Department for Hematology, Oncology, Tumor Immunology, and Palliative Care, Helios Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas Mounier
- Hematologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire L’Archet, Nice, France
| | - Herve Tilly
- INSERM U1245, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen, France
| | | | - German Ott
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Georg Lenz
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumonology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Thierry Molina
- Université de Paris, APHP, Anatomo-pathologie, Necker Hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Marita Ziepert
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Norbert Schmitz
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumonology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
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7
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Eyre TA, Savage KJ, Cheah CY, El-Galaly TC, Lewis KL, McKay P, Wilson MR, Evens AM, Bobillo S, Villa D, Maurer MJ, Cwynarski K, Ferreri AJM. CNS prophylaxis for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Lancet Oncol 2022; 23:e416-e426. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(22)00371-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Fang Y, Su N, Ma S, Cai J, Zhong L, Li W, Huang H, Li Z, Huang H, Xia Y, Liu P, Guo L, Li Z, Wu Y, Tian X, Wang J, Zhang Y, Cai Q. Optimization of high-dose methotrexate prophylaxis for central nervous system relapse in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a multicenter analysis. Ann Hematol 2022; 101:595-605. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-021-04739-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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9
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Sonnevi K, Ljungqvist M, Jóelsson JK, Harrysson S, Wästerlid T, Bernell P, Wahlin BE. Excellent survival after R‐Hyper‐CVAD in hospitalized patients with high‐risk large B‐cell lymphoma: The Karolinska experience. EJHAEM 2021; 2:774-784. [PMID: 35845206 PMCID: PMC9175941 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Patients with high‐risk aggressive B‐cell lymphoma exhibit poor survival after R‐CHOP. More intensive regimens yield higher rates of remission but also of complication. We investigated all 401 patients < 70 years with high‐risk (age‐adjusted [aa] international prognostic index [IPI] ≥2, extranodal, or bulky) aggressive B‐cell lymphoma hospitalized at Karolinska for urgent start of immunochemotherapy (129 R‐Hyper‐CVAD; 261 R‐CHOP/R‐CHOEP). Patients showed IPI 3–5 (70%), WHO PS ≥2 (49%), bulky disease (70%), extranodal (75%) and CNS (8%) involvement. Five‐year overall/progression‐free survival (OS/PFS) was better in patients who started R‐Hyper‐CVAD (84%/77%) compared with R‐CHOP/R‐CHOEP (66%/55%). Differences were independent in multivariable analysis, seen in all patient categories, and accentuated in extreme high‐risk disease: R‐Hyper‐CVAD vs. R‐CHOP/R‐CHOEP showed 5‐year PFS 69% vs.40% in aaIPI 3 and 88% vs. 38% in CNS involvement. For validation, survival was compared between the two Karolinska sites and calendar periods. Survival was superior 2006–2010 at the site that introduced R‐Hyper‐CVAD/R‐MA 2006, identical at both sites 2011–2017 after the other site adopted R‐Hyper‐CVAD/R‐MA 2011, and excellent 2018–2020 when R‐Hyper‐CVAD/R‐MA use increased to 75% of patients. Despite considerable toxicity, also patients aged 61–69 years showed better survival with R‐Hyper‐CVAD/R‐MA. This is the largest single‐centre series of patients treated with R‐Hyper‐CVAD/R‐MA, showing favourable outcome in high‐risk aggressive B‐cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Sonnevi
- Haematology Medical Unit Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Division of Haematology, Department of Medicine, Huddinge Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Maria Ljungqvist
- Haematology Medical Unit Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Division of Haematology, Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jóel Kristinn Jóelsson
- Haematology Medical Unit Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Division of Haematology, Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Sara Harrysson
- Haematology Medical Unit Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Division of Haematology, Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Tove Wästerlid
- Haematology Medical Unit Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Division of Haematology, Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Per Bernell
- Haematology Medical Unit Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Division of Haematology, Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Björn Engelbrekt Wahlin
- Haematology Medical Unit Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Division of Haematology, Department of Medicine, Huddinge Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
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10
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Zing N, Fischer T, Federico M, Chiattone C, Ferreri AJM. Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of central nervous system involvement in peripheral t-cell lymphomas. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 167:103496. [PMID: 34653598 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas with T-cell immunophenotype encompass a heterogeneous group of infrequent neoplasms that follow variable clinical courses but prevalently include aggressive behavior and high mortality rates. The involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is an uncommon event in T-cell lymphomas, with wide variability among the different disease entities. CNS can be affected either at initial diagnosis or at recurrence, and both forms are considered "secondary CNS T-cell lymphoma". Given the low incidence of secondary CNS T-cell lymphoma, related literature is sparse, contradictory, and primarily constituted by small case series and single case reports. However, reported studies uniformly suggest high mortality rates related to this event. Therefore, to improve our ability to identify high-risk patients and offer them successful CNS prophylaxis or timely and effective treatment once the event has occurred may prevent CNS-related T-cell lymphomas deaths. For example, some entities like aggressive adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, and other peripheral T-cell lymphomas with involvement of two or more extranodal organs are prone to CNS dissemination and should be considered for personalized CNS prophylaxis. The level of evidence suggesting an increased risk of CNS recurrence for other T-cell lymphomas and for other risk factors is lower. Published case series show that, following the example of aggressive B-cell lymphomas, patients with T-cell lymphomas and putative increased CNS risk receive different forms of prophylaxis, mostly methotrexate and cytarabine delivered by intrathecal and/or intravenous routes, with varied success. To date, achievements in the treatment of CNS involvement in patients with aggressive B-cell lymphoma were not replicated in secondary CNS T-cell lymphomas, and identification of effective therapies remains an urgent research target. This review is focused on clinical findings, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of patients with T-cell lymphoma experiencing CNS dissemination either at presentation or relapse. It aims to provide logical and, oftentimes, evidence-based answers to the most common questions on the most probable risk factors to CNS involvement in patients with T-cell lymphoma, the indications and strategies to prevent this life-threating event, and the management of patients with CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Zing
- Departament of Onco-Hematology, Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, Brazil; T-cell Brazil Project, Brazil
| | - Thais Fischer
- Hospital AC Camargo Cancer Center, Brazil; T-cell Brazil Project, Brazil
| | - Massimo Federico
- Medical Oncology, CHIMOMO Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; T-cell Brazil Project, Brazil
| | - Carlos Chiattone
- Hospital Samaritano de São Paulo, Brazil; T-cell Brazil Project, Brazil; Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrés J M Ferreri
- Lymphoma Unit, Department of Onco-Hematology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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11
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Zhang T, Zhang Y, Fei H, Shi X, Wang L, Wang P, Yu J, Shen Y, Feng S. Primary breast double-hit lymphoma management and outcomes: a real-world multicentre experience. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:498. [PMID: 34535141 PMCID: PMC8447786 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary breast double-hit lymphoma (PB-DHL) is a rare, highly aggressive malignancy that poses challenges regarding accurate diagnosis and selecting optimal treatment regimens. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 48 cases of patients diagnosed with PB-DHL in six academic centres between June 2014 and June 2020 in China. Study-specific data were recorded, including treatment options, therapeutic evaluation, prognostic factors and relapse patterns, and the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated. Results In total, 48 patients were enrolled, with 14 patients treated with DA-EPOCH-R/MA (rituximab, dose-adjusted etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, alternating with high-dose methotrexate and cytarabine), 18 patients treated with DA-EPOCH-R (rituximab, dose-adjusted etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin), and 16 patients treated with R-HyperCVAD (rituximab, hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, dexamethasone, alternating with cytarabine plus methotrexate). The overall 5-year OS and PFS rates were 41.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 27.6–56.8%) and 37.5% (95% CI, 24.0–52.6%), respectively. Of the three treatment regimens, the 5-year OS was higher in DA-EPOCH-R/MA group than in the DA-EPOCH-R or R-HyperCVAD subgroups (57.1% vs. 38.9% vs. 31.3%; P = 0.016), as was the 5-year PFS (50.0% vs. 38.9% vs. 25.0%; P = 0.035). Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) prolonged the OS and PFS compared with non-ASCT patients (5-year OS: 72.2% vs. 23.3%; P < 0.001; 5-year PFS: 72.2% vs. 16.7 %, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified tumour size, risk stratification, treatment with DA-EPOCH-R/MA, breast irradiation, and ASCT as significant prognostic factors. Conclusions DA-EPOCH-R/MA is a promising regimen for PB-DHL, and breast irradiation yields complementary benefits for prognosis. ASCT significantly decreased disease relapse, providing a potential curative PB-DHL intervention and justifying ASCT as first-line therapy for young patients. More effective treatment strategies for PB-DHL patients remain encouraging. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02198-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research centre for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zhang
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research centre for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Department of Haematology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Hairong Fei
- Department of Haematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Shi
- Department of Haematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Haematology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, 257000, China
| | - Peijun Wang
- Department of Haematology, Qingdao Centre Hospital, Qingdao, 266042, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Haematology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, 264200, Shandong, China
| | - Yuyan Shen
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research centre for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Sizhou Feng
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research centre for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China.
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12
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Faqah A, Asif S, Goksu SY, Sheikh HS. Real-World Data (RWD) on the 3-Year Follow-Up Outcomes of Different CNS Prophylaxis Strategies Across CNS-IPI Risk Groups in Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. JCO Glob Oncol 2021; 7:486-494. [PMID: 33835825 PMCID: PMC8162514 DOI: 10.1200/go.20.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE CNS relapse in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is associated with poor prognosis with a median survival of about 2.5 months. Data demonstrating best prophylactic strategy remain controversial and need further definition. PATIENTS AND METHODS We present data of 110 patients with DLBCL treated with standard systemic therapy divided into four groups based on primary CNS prophylaxis strategy and CNS International Prognostic Index (IPI) risk categories. We compared their 3-year CNS relapse rate and overall survival in each group. RESULTS The CNS prophylaxis strategy consisted of intrathecal (IT) methotrexate (MTX) in group 1, high-dose (HD) MTX in group 2, combination IT and HD MTX in group 3, and IT and/or HD MTX with intensive chemotherapy in group 4. At 3 years, CNS relapse rate was 8.6% (4/46), 8.3% (1/12), 4.8% (2/42), and 18% (2/11) in groups 1-4 (P = .64), respectively. According to CNS IPI, the CNS relapse rate was 16.6%, 10.1%, and 0% in high-, intermediate-, and low-risk groups, respectively. The 3-year overall survival rate was 69%, 75%, 80%, and 45% in groups 1-4 (P = .71), respectively. CONCLUSION Our study while did not find statistical significance did indicate a lower incidence of CNS relapse with the addition of systemic HD MTX to IT MTX in the high-risk DLBCL population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anadil Faqah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Summaiya Asif
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Suleyman Yasin Goksu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Hassan S Sheikh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Lahore, Pakistan
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13
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Efficacy and safety of prophylactic high-dose MTX in high-risk DLBCL: a treatment intent-based analysis. Blood Adv 2021; 5:2142-2152. [PMID: 33881464 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite central nervous system (CNS) relapse occurring in >10% of high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients, the role of CNS-directed prophylaxis is controversial in the absence of randomized controlled trials. In this retrospective study, we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of prophylactic high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) on CNS relapse and survival outcomes in 258 newly diagnosed R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone)-treated high-risk DLBCL patients, based on the initial treatment intent (ITT) of the physician on the use of prophylactic HD-MTX. Patients were classified into an ITT HD-MTX group (n = 128) and a non-ITT HD-MTX group (n = 130). The CNS relapse rate was not significantly different between these groups, with 2-year CNS relapse rates of 12.4% and 13.9%, respectively (P = 0.96). Three-year progression-free survival and overall survival rates in the ITT HD-MTX and non-ITT HD-MTX groups were 62.4% vs 64.5% (P = 0.94) and 71.7% vs 71.4% (P = 0.7), respectively. Also, propensity score-matched analyses showed no significant differences in the time-to-CNS-relapse, progression-free survival, or overall survival. The ITT HD-MTX group showed a higher incidence of grade ≥ 3 oral mucositis and elevated alanine aminotransferase. Prophylactic HD-MTX does not improve CNS relapse rate or survival outcomes in high-risk DLBCL patients, and it is accompanied by increased toxicities.
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14
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Patients with high-risk DLBCL benefit from dose-dense immunochemotherapy combined with early systemic CNS prophylaxis. Blood Adv 2021; 4:1906-1915. [PMID: 32380536 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Survival of patients with high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is suboptimal, and the risk of central nervous system (CNS) progression is relatively high. We conducted a phase 2 trial in 139 patients aged 18 to 64 years who had primary DLBCL with an age-adjusted International Prognostic Index (aaIPI) score of 2 to 3 or site-specific risk factors for CNS recurrence. The goal was to assess whether a dose-dense immunochemotherapy with early systemic CNS prophylaxis improves the outcome and reduces the incidence of CNS events. Treatment consisted of 2 courses of high-dose methotrexate in combination with biweekly rituximab (R), cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP-14), followed by 4 courses of R-CHOP-14 with etoposide (R-CHOEP) and 1 course of high-dose cytarabine with R. In addition, liposomal cytarabine was administered intrathecally at courses 1, 3, and 5. Coprimary endpoints were failure-free survival and CNS progression rates. Thirty-six (26%) patients experienced treatment failure. Progression occurred in 23 (16%) patients, including three (2.2%) CNS events. At 5 years of median follow-up, failure-free survival, overall survival, and CNS progression rates were 74%, 83%, and 2.3%, respectively. Treatment reduced the risk of progression compared with our previous trial, in which systemic CNS prophylaxis was given after 6 courses of biweekly R-CHOEP (hazard ratio, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.31-0.77; P = .002) and overcame the adverse impact of an aaIPI score of 3 on survival. In addition, outcome of the patients with BCL2/MYC double-hit lymphomas was comparable to the patients without the rearrangements. The results are encouraging, with a low toxic death rate, low number of CNS events, and favorable survival rates. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01325194.
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15
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Autio M, Leivonen SK, Brück O, Mustjoki S, Mészáros Jørgensen J, Karjalainen-Lindsberg ML, Beiske K, Holte H, Pellinen T, Leppä S. Immune cell constitution in the tumor microenvironment predicts the outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Haematologica 2021; 106:718-729. [PMID: 32079690 PMCID: PMC7927991 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.243626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) and limited immune surveillance
play important roles in lymphoma pathogenesis. Here we
aimed to characterize immunological profiles of diffuse large B-cell
lymphoma (DLBCL) and predict the outcome in response to
immunochemotherapy. We profiled the expression of 730 immune-related
genes in tumor tissues of 81 patients with DLBCL utilizing the Nanostring
platform, and used multiplex immunohistochemistry to characterize T-cell
phenotypes, including cytotoxic T cells (CD8, Granzyme B, OX40, Ki67),
T-cell immune checkpoint (CD3, CD4, CD8, PD1, TIM3, LAG3), as well as
regulatory T-cells and Th1 effector cells (CD3, CD4, FOXP3, TBET) in 188
patients. We observed a high degree of heterogeneity at the transcriptome
level. Correlation matrix analysis identified gene expression signatures
with highly correlating genes, the main cluster containing genes for cytolytic
factors, immune checkpoint molecules, T cells and macrophages, together
named a TME immune cell signature. Immunophenotyping of the distinct
cell subsets revealed that a high proportion of immune checkpoint positive
T cells translated to unfavorable survival. Together, our results demonstrate
that the immunological profile of DLBCL TME is heterogeneous and clinically
meaningful. This highlights the potential impact of T-cell immune
checkpoint in regulating survival and resistance to immunochemotherapy.
(Registered at clinicaltrials.gov identifiers: NCT01502982 and NCT01325194.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Autio
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland,iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi-Katri Leivonen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland,iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Oscar Brück
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland,Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Mustjoki
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland,Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Klaus Beiske
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Holte
- Department of Oncology, and KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Teijo Pellinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sirpa Leppä
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland,iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Bernard S, Hachon L, Diasonama JF, Madaoui C, Aguinaga L, Miekoutima E, Moatti H, Perrial E, Madelaine I, Brice P, Thieblemont C. Ambulatory high-dose methotrexate administration as central nervous system prophylaxis in patients with aggressive lymphoma. Ann Hematol 2021; 100:979-986. [PMID: 33608849 PMCID: PMC7960588 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-020-04341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
High-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) at 3 g/m2 is one of the strategies for central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis in the first-line treatment of aggressive lymphomas, especially in diffuse large B cell lymphoma patients with high-risk CNS-International Prognostic Index. The objective of our study was to retrospectively analyze the safety of 2 cycles of systemic HD-MTX administered as an ambulatory regimen. Between January 2013 and December 2016, 103 patients were carefully selected on 6 criteria, including age < 60, albumin > 34, performance status 0 or 1, normal renal and hepatic functions, good understanding of practical medical guidance, and no loss of weight. Strict procedures of HD-MTX infusion were observed including alkalinization, urine pH monitoring, and leucovorin rescue. Renal and hepatic functions were monitored at days 2 and 7. MTX clearance was not monitored. Toxicities and grades of toxicity were collected according to the NCI-CTCAE (version 4.0). Among the 103 selected patients, 92 (89%) patients successfully completed the planned 2 cycles of HD-MTX on an outpatient basis. Eleven patients completed only 1 cycle, 3 because of lymphoma progression and 8 because of toxicity including 3 grade II hepatotoxicity, 2 grade I/II renal toxicity, 1 grade III neutropenia, 1 active herpetic infection, and 1 grade III ileus reflex. Reported adverse events (AE) included 92 (84%) grade I/II and 18 (16%) grade III/IV. Grade III hepatotoxicity, mostly cytolysis, was the most frequent AE observed with 8 (8%) events. Grade III/IV hematologic toxicities concerned 9 patients with 8 grade III/IV neutropenia and 1 thrombocytopenia. Renal toxicity was rare, mild, and transient, observed with 4 (4%) grade I/II events. Ambulatory administration of HD-MTX at 3 g/m2 without MTX clearance monitoring is safe with strict medical guidance. It requires careful selection of patients before administration, and a renal and hepatic monitoring after the administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bernard
- Service d'hémato-Oncologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)- Hôpital Saint-Louis (SLS), 1, Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France
| | - L Hachon
- Service de Pharmacie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)- Hôpital Saint-Louis (SLS), F-75010, Paris, France
| | - J F Diasonama
- Service d'hémato-Oncologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)- Hôpital Saint-Louis (SLS), 1, Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France
| | - C Madaoui
- Service de Pharmacie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)- Hôpital Saint-Louis (SLS), F-75010, Paris, France
| | - L Aguinaga
- Service d'hémato-Oncologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)- Hôpital Saint-Louis (SLS), 1, Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris Diderot, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - E Miekoutima
- Service d'hémato-Oncologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)- Hôpital Saint-Louis (SLS), 1, Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France
| | - H Moatti
- Service d'hémato-Oncologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)- Hôpital Saint-Louis (SLS), 1, Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris Diderot, F-75010, Paris, France
| | | | - I Madelaine
- Service de Pharmacie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)- Hôpital Saint-Louis (SLS), F-75010, Paris, France
| | - P Brice
- Service d'hémato-Oncologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)- Hôpital Saint-Louis (SLS), 1, Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Thieblemont
- Service d'hémato-Oncologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)- Hôpital Saint-Louis (SLS), 1, Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France. .,Université de Paris, Paris Diderot, F-75010, Paris, France.
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17
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Isaksen KT, Beiske K, Smeland EB, Jørgensen J, Brodtkorb M, Myklebust JH, Jerkeman M, Meriranta L, Karjalainen‐Lindsberg M, Leppä S, Scott DW, Holte H, Blaker YN. The DLBCL90 gene‐expression assay identifies double‐hit lymphomas with high sensitivity in patients from two phase II clinical trials with high‐risk diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. EJHAEM 2021; 2:104-108. [PMID: 35846101 PMCID: PMC9175840 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine T. Isaksen
- Department of Cancer Immunology Institute for Cancer Research Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell malignancies University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Klaus Beiske
- Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Department of Pathology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - Erlend B. Smeland
- Department of Cancer Immunology Institute for Cancer Research Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell malignancies University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Judit Jørgensen
- Department of Hematology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
| | - Marianne Brodtkorb
- Department of Cancer Immunology Institute for Cancer Research Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell malignancies University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - June Helen Myklebust
- Department of Cancer Immunology Institute for Cancer Research Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell malignancies University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Mats Jerkeman
- Department of Oncology Lund University and Skåne University Hospital Lund Sweden
| | - Leo Meriranta
- Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Centre and University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship Helsinki Finland
| | | | - Sirpa Leppä
- Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Centre and University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship Helsinki Finland
| | - David W. Scott
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer British Columbia Cancer Vancouver Canada
| | - Harald Holte
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell malignancies University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Department of Oncology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - Yngvild Nuvin Blaker
- Department of Cancer Immunology Institute for Cancer Research Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell malignancies University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
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18
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Incidence of relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) including CNS relapse in a population-based cohort of 4243 patients in Sweden. Blood Cancer J 2021; 11:9. [PMID: 33414443 PMCID: PMC7791057 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-020-00403-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed a national population-based study of all patients diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in Sweden in 2007-2014 to assess treatment intent and risk of relapsed/refractory disease, including central nervous system (CNS) relapse, in the presence of competing risks. Overall, 84% of patients started treatment with curative intent (anthracycline-based) (n = 3550, median age 69 years), whereas 14% did not (n = 594, median age 84 years) (for 2% the intent was uncertain). Patients treated with curative intent had a 5-year OS of 65.3% (95% CI: 63.7-66.9). The median OS among non-curatively treated patients was 2.9 months. The 5-year cumulative incidence of relapsed/refractory disease in curative patients was 23.1% (95% CI: 21.7-24.6, n = 847). The 2-year cumulative incidence of CNS relapse was 3.0% (95% CI: 2.5-3.6, n = 118) overall, and 8.0% (95% CI: 6.0-10.6, n = 48) among patients with high CNS-IPI (4-6), when considering other relapse locations and death as competing events. The incidence of relapsed/refractory DLBCL overall and in the CNS was lower than in previous reports, still one in seven patients was not considered fit enough to start standard immunochemotherapy at diagnosis. These results are important for quantification of groups of DLBCL patients with poor prognosis requiring completely different types of interventions.
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19
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R-CHOEP14 in younger high-risk patients with large B cell lymphoma: an effective front-line regimen with cardiac toxicity: a real-life, single-center experience. Ann Hematol 2020; 100:1517-1524. [PMID: 33216199 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-020-04353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is no consensus regarding optimal front-line treatment for younger high-risk patients with large B cell lymphoma. American recommendations list only R-CHOP as standard, while European also include R-ACVBP and R-CHOEP14. We have been routinely using the latter regimen at our institution since 2011 and performed this retrospective real-life single-center study to analyze outcomes. Between September 2011 and April 2019, 66 newly diagnosed patients aged 18 to 60 years with B-large cell lymphoma and high-risk age-adjusted International Prognostic Index score were scheduled to receive 6 or 8 cycles of bi-weekly chemoimmunotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, etoposide, steroids, and rituximab (R-CHOEP14). After a median follow-up of 4.7 years, the estimated 3-year progression-free survival was 87% (95% CI 80-96%) and 3-year overall survival 90% (95% CI 83-98%). Grade ≥ 3 hematological side effects occurred in 83% and infectious in 41% of patients; one patient died of toxicity. Grade ≥ 2 cardiac toxicity occurred in 21% of patients, more frequently than previously reported. The cumulative 5-year risk of congestive heart failure with all-cause mortality as the competing risk was 17%. R-CHOEP14 is a very effective and manageable regimen for younger high-risk patients with B-large cell lymphoma, but the risk of cardiotoxicity warrants further investigations.
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20
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First-Line Treatment for Primary Breast Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Using Immunochemotherapy and Central Nervous System Prophylaxis: A Multicenter Phase 2 Trial. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082192. [PMID: 32781541 PMCID: PMC7463683 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are limited data from prospective controlled trials regarding optimal treatment strategies in patients with primary breast diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). In this phase 2 study (NCT01448096), we examined the efficacy and safety of standard immunochemotherapy and central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis using intrathecal methotrexate (IT-MTX). Thirty-three patients with newly diagnosed primary breast DLBCL received six cycles of rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) and four fixed doses of IT-MTX (12 mg). The median age was 50 years (range, 29-75), and all patients were females. According to the CNS-International Prognostic Index, most patients (n = 28) were categorized as the low-risk group. Among the 33 patients, 32 completed R-CHOP, and 31 completed IT-MTX as planned. With a median follow-up of 46.1 months (interquartile range (IQR), 31.1-66.8), the 2-year progression-free and overall survival rates were 81.3% and 93.5%, respectively. Six patients experienced treatment failures, which included the CNS in four patients (two parenchyma and two leptomeninges) and breast in two patients (one ipsilateral and one contralateral). The 2-year cumulative incidence of CNS relapse was 12.5%. Although standard R-CHOP and IT-MTX without routine radiotherapy show clinically meaningful survival outcomes, this strategy may not be optimal for reducing CNS relapse and warrants further investigation.
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21
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McKay P, Wilson MR, Chaganti S, Smith J, Fox CP, Cwynarski K. The prevention of central nervous system relapse in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a British Society for Haematology good practice paper. Br J Haematol 2020; 190:708-714. [PMID: 32433789 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela McKay
- Department of Haematology, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Matthew R Wilson
- Department of Haematology, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sridhar Chaganti
- Department of Haematology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jeffery Smith
- Department of Haematology, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christopher P Fox
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.,Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kate Cwynarski
- Department of Haematology, University College Hospital, London, UK
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22
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Kuitunen H, Kaprio E, Karihtala P, Makkonen V, Kauppila S, Haapasaari KM, Kuusisto M, Jantunen E, Turpeenniemi-Hujanen T, Kuittinen O. Impact of central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis on the incidence of CNS relapse in patients with high-risk diffuse large B cell/follicular grade 3B lymphoma. Ann Hematol 2020; 99:1823-1831. [PMID: 32577843 PMCID: PMC7340636 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-020-04140-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although overall survival in diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCL) has improved, central nervous system (CNS) relapse is still a fatal complication of DLBCL. For this reason, CNS prophylaxis is recommended for patients at high risk of CNS disease. However, no consensus exists on definition of high-risk patient and optimal CNS prophylaxis. Systemic high-dose methotrexate in combination with R-CHOP has been suggested as a potential prophylactic method, since methotrexate penetrates the blood-brain barrier and achieves high concentration in the CNS. In this retrospective analysis, we report treatment outcome of 95 high-risk DLBCL/FL grade 3B patients treated with R-CHOP or its derivatives with (N = 57) or without (N = 38) CNS prophylaxis. At a median follow-up time (51 months), CNS relapses were detected in twelve patients (12.6%). Ten out of twelve (83%) of CNS events were confined to CNS system only. Median overall survival after CNS relapse was 9 months. Five-year isolated CNS relapse rates were 5% in the prophylaxis group and 26% in the group without prophylaxis. These findings suggest that high-dose methotrexate-containing prophylaxis decreases the risk of CNS failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Kuitunen
- Medical Research Center, Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, P.O. Box 5000, 900l4, Oulu, Finland.,Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, P.O. Box 5000, 900l4, Oulu, Finland
| | - Elina Kaprio
- Medical Research Center, Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, P.O. Box 5000, 900l4, Oulu, Finland. .,Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Peeter Karihtala
- Medical Research Center, Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, P.O. Box 5000, 900l4, Oulu, Finland.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, FI-00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ville Makkonen
- Medical Research Center, Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, P.O. Box 5000, 900l4, Oulu, Finland.,The North Karelia Central Hospital, Tikkamäentie 16, 80210, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Saila Kauppila
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, P.O. Box 5000, 900l4, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, P.O. Box 5000, 900l4, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kirsi-Maria Haapasaari
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, P.O. Box 5000, 900l4, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, P.O. Box 5000, 900l4, Oulu, Finland
| | - Milla Kuusisto
- Medical Research Center, Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, P.O. Box 5000, 900l4, Oulu, Finland.,The North Karelia Central Hospital, Tikkamäentie 16, 80210, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Esa Jantunen
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Taina Turpeenniemi-Hujanen
- Medical Research Center, Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, P.O. Box 5000, 900l4, Oulu, Finland.,Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, P.O. Box 5000, 900l4, Oulu, Finland
| | - Outi Kuittinen
- Medical Research Center, Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, P.O. Box 5000, 900l4, Oulu, Finland.,Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, P.O. Box 5000, 900l4, Oulu, Finland.,Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210, Kuopio, Finland.,Faculty of Health Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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23
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Kari EJM, Kuusisto MEL, Honkavaara P, Hakalahti A, Haapasaari KM, Bloigu R, Karihtala P, Teppo HR, Pirinen R, Turpeenniemi-Hujanen T, Kuittinen O. Thioredoxin-1 as a biological predictive marker for selecting diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients for etoposide-containing treatment. Eur J Haematol 2020; 105:156-163. [PMID: 32248578 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), there is an unmet medical need to select patients who would benefit from intensified frontline treatments such as adding etoposide to an R-CHOP regimen. METHODS The present work included a retrospective clinical analysis of two patient cohorts and an in vitro study. Primary biopsy samples from DLBCL patients treated with an etoposide-containing high-dose regimen (n = 37) and etoposide-containing frontline treatment (n = 69, R-CHOEP) were studied using immunohistochemical thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) staining. Two DLBCL cell lines expressing Trx1 were cultured, and their expression was silenced using the small interfering RNA knockdown technique. Chemoresistance was tested with doxorubicin, etoposide, vincristine, prednisolone and carboplatin. RESULTS Thioredoxin-1 knockdown sensitised DLBCL cells to doxorubicin (P < .0001) but decreased etoposide-induced cell death (P < .00001). In DLBCL patients who received etoposide-containing frontline treatment, low cytoplasmic Trx1 expression was associated with inferior 5-year overall survival (46% vs 76%, P = .026) and disease-specific survival (68% vs 90%, P = .026). CONCLUSIONS Strong Trx1 expression appears to increase drug resistance to doxorubicin but sensitises cells to etoposide. This implies that Trx1 expression might be the first predictive biological marker to select the patients who might benefit from adding etoposide to R-CHOP immunochemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esa Jarkko Mikael Kari
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Milla Elvi Linnea Kuusisto
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Päivi Honkavaara
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anna Hakalahti
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Risto Bloigu
- Medical Informatics and Statistics Research Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Peeter Karihtala
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hanna-Riikka Teppo
- Department of Pathology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Risto Pirinen
- Department of Pathology, North Karelia Central Hospital, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Taina Turpeenniemi-Hujanen
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Outi Kuittinen
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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24
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Ku M, Bazargan A, Tam C. Addition of low dose acetazolamide as an adjunct in patients undergoing high dose methotrexate is safe and beneficial. Intern Med J 2020; 50:357-362. [DOI: 10.1111/imj.14468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ku
- Department of HaematologySt Vincent's Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Ali Bazargan
- Department of HaematologySt Vincent's Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Constantine Tam
- Department of HaematologySt Vincent's Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of HaematologyPeter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne Victoria Australia
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25
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Hutchings M, Ladetto M, Buske C, de Nully Brown P, Ferreri AJM, Pfreundschuh M, Schmitz N, Balari AS, van Imhoff G, Walewski J. ESMO Consensus Conference on malignant lymphoma: management of 'ultra-high-risk' patients. Ann Oncol 2019; 29:1687-1700. [PMID: 29924296 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) consensus conference on malignant lymphoma was held on 20 June 2015 in Lugano, Switzerland, and included a multidisciplinary panel of 25 leading experts. The aim of the conference was to develop recommendations on critical subjects difficult to consider in detail in the ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines. The following areas were identified: (1) the elderly patient, (2) prognostic factors suitable for clinical use and (3) the 'ultra-high-risk' group. Before the conference, the expert panel was divided into three working groups; each group focused on one of these areas in order to address clinically relevant questions relating to that topic. All relevant scientific literature, as identified by the experts, was reviewed in advance. During the consensus conference, each working group developed recommendations to address each of the questions devised by their group. These recommendations were then presented to the entire multidisciplinary panel and a consensus was reached. This manuscript presents recommendations regarding the management of the following 'ultra-high-risk' situations: (1) early central nervous system relapse of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, (2) primary refractory Hodgkin lymphoma and (3) plasmablastic lymphoma. Results, including a summary of evidence supporting each recommendation, are detailed in this manuscript. All expert panel members approved this final article.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hutchings
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - M Ladetto
- Hematology Division, Azienda Ospedaliera Santi Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - C Buske
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm and Department of Internal Medicine III, Institute of Experimental Cancer Research University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - A J M Ferreri
- Department of Onco-Hematology Medicine, Unit of Lymphoid Malignancies, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Pfreundschuh
- Innere Medizin I, University Klinik des Saarlandes, Hamburg, Germany
| | - N Schmitz
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Asklepios Klinik St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Sureda Balari
- Servei d'Hematologia, Institut Català d'Oncologia - Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G van Imhoff
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Walewski
- Department of Lymphoid Malignancies, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
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26
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Liu X, Mo F, Zeng H, Zhu S, Ma X. Quantitative proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with central nervous system involvement: A novel approach to diagnosis. Biomed Rep 2019; 11:70-78. [PMID: 31338193 PMCID: PMC6610216 DOI: 10.3892/br.2019.1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The outcome of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with central nervous system (CNS) recurrence is poor. However, there is currently no consensus regarding diagnostic techniques. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein profile of DLBCL and identify a potential novel method for the early diagnosis of patients with DLBCL at high risk for subsequent CNS involvement. The CSF proteomic profiling of patients with DLBCL and a control group were compared using label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Gene Ontology and pathway analyses were conducted using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. The protein interactions were analyzed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins database. In the present study, a total of 53 differentially expressed proteins with >1 log2 fold change (false discovery rate <0.01, P<0.05) were identified and quantified. These proteins appeared to be involved in platelet degranulation, innate immune response and cell adhesion. Two hub gene network modules were obtained by protein-protein interaction network analysis. Of these proteins, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) and proenkephalin (PENK) were significantly decreased in the CSF of patients with DLBCL, which appeared to be correlated with CNS involvement. The findings of the present study indicate that decreased expression levels of SPARC and PENK in the CSF may serve as early-phase biomarkers to evaluate the risk of CNS involvement in patients with DLBCL, enabling clinicians to offer prophylactic therapy at the time of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobei Liu
- Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Fei Mo
- Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zeng
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Sha Zhu
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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27
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Magomedova AU, Misyurina AE, Mangasarova JK, Gorenkova LG, Margolin OV, Fastova EA, Kravchenko SK. [CNS involvement and the feasibility of intratecal chemotherapy administration in patients with a nodal form of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified. Data of prospective study]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2019; 91:35-40. [PMID: 32598734 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2019.07.000323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aim of the issue was to determine indications for intratecal chemotherapy drugs administration to prevent relapse of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with central nervous system (CNS) involvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Since January 2009 to December 2018 102 patients with primary nodal DLBCL over 18 years old were treated in the National Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russian Federation. Diagnosis were established in all cases according to histological and immunohistochemical studies which made it possible to exclude the transformation of mature B-cell lymphoma into DLBCL. RESULTS Isolated leptomeningeal involvement of CNS in the debut of the disease was detected in 1 (0.98%) out of 102 patients with DLBCL. Focal brain tissue involvement was not detected in any patient. More than half of the patients (54%) had a high risk of disease recurrence or progression with CNS involvement: in 8 (7.8%) patients had kidney/adrenal involvement, in the same proportion - bone marrow involvement, paranasal sinuses involvement - in 5 (4.9 %), epidural space - in 7 (6.9%) and breast - in 5 (4.9%) of patients. In 82 (80%) patients, a non-GCB (postgerminal differentiation of B-cell analog) molecular subtype of DLBCL was determined. CONCLUSION The introduction of chemotherapy drugs into the spinal canal is recommended in isolated cases of leptomeningeal involvement of CNS at the time of DLBCL onset and is carried out according to standard recommendations. Prevention of relapse with involvement of central nervous system using intratecal chemotherapy in patients with nodal form of DLBCL is not indicated due to the absence of cases with disease progression or recurrence into CNS when patients were treated with R-m-NHL-BFM-90, R-DA-EPOCH and R-CHOP protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- A U Magomedova
- National Research Center for Hematology, Department of Intensive High-Dose Chemotherapy with Round-the-Clock and Day Hospital (IVHT with CS and DS)
| | - A E Misyurina
- National Research Center for Hematology, Department of Intensive High-Dose Chemotherapy with Round-the-Clock and Day Hospital (IVHT with CS and DS)
| | - J K Mangasarova
- National Research Center for Hematology, Department of Intensive High-Dose Chemotherapy with Round-the-Clock and Day Hospital (IVHT with CS and DS)
| | - L G Gorenkova
- National Research Center for Hematology, Department of Intensive High-Dose Chemotherapy with Round-the-Clock and Day Hospital (IVHT with CS and DS)
| | - O V Margolin
- National Research Center for Hematology, Department of Intensive High-Dose Chemotherapy with Round-the-Clock and Day Hospital (IVHT with CS and DS)
| | - E A Fastova
- National Research Center for Hematology, Department of Intensive High-Dose Chemotherapy with Round-the-Clock and Day Hospital (IVHT with CS and DS)
| | - S K Kravchenko
- National Research Center for Hematology, Department of Intensive High-Dose Chemotherapy with Round-the-Clock and Day Hospital (IVHT with CS and DS)
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28
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Eyre TA, Kirkwood AA, Wolf J, Hildyard C, Mercer C, Plaschkes H, Griffith J, Fields P, Gunawan A, Oliver R, Booth S, Martinez‐Calle N, McMillan A, Bishton M, Fox CP, Collins GP, Hatton CSR. Stand‐alone intrathecal central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis provide unclear benefit in reducing CNS relapse risk in elderly DLBCL patients treated with R‐CHOP and is associated increased infection‐related toxicity. Br J Haematol 2019; 187:185-194. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toby A. Eyre
- Department of Haematology Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Oxford UK
| | - Amy A. Kirkwood
- Cancer Research UK & UCL Cancer Trials Centre UCL Cancer Institute, UCL London UK
| | - Julia Wolf
- Department of Haematology Great Western Hospital Swindon UK
| | | | - Carolyn Mercer
- Department of Haematology Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Oxford UK
| | | | - John Griffith
- Department of Haematology Great Western Hospital Swindon UK
| | - Paul Fields
- Department of Haematology Guys and St Thomas’ Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust London UK
| | - Arief Gunawan
- Department of Haematology Guys and St Thomas’ Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust London UK
| | - Rebecca Oliver
- Department of Haematology University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust Bristol UK
| | - Stephen Booth
- Department of Haematology Royal Berkshire Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Reading UK
| | - Nicolas Martinez‐Calle
- Department of Clinical Haematology Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust Nottingham UK
| | - Andrew McMillan
- Department of Clinical Haematology Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust Nottingham UK
| | - Mark Bishton
- Department of Clinical Haematology Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust Nottingham UK
| | - Christopher P. Fox
- Department of Clinical Haematology Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust Nottingham UK
| | - Graham P. Collins
- Department of Haematology Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Oxford UK
| | - Chris S. R. Hatton
- Department of Haematology Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Oxford UK
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29
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El-Galaly TC, Cheah CY, Villa D. Real world data as a key element in precision medicine for lymphoid malignancies: potentials and pitfalls. Br J Haematol 2019; 186:409-419. [PMID: 31140600 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Molecular genetic studies of lymphoma have led to refinements in disease classification in the most recent World Health Organization update. Nevertheless, a 'one-size-fits-most' treatment strategy based on morphology remains widely used for lymphoma despite significant molecular heterogeneity within histopathologically-defined subtypes. Precision medicine aims to improve patient outcomes by leveraging disease- and patient-specific information to optimise treatment strategies, but implementation of precision medicine strategies is challenged by the biological diversity and rarity of lymphomas. In this review, we explore existing and emerging real-world data sources that can be used to facilitate the development of precision medicine strategies in lymphoma. We provide illustrative examples of the use of real-world analyses to refine treatment strategies, provide comparators for clinical trials, improve risk-stratification to identify patients with unmet clinical needs and describe long-term and rare toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarec C El-Galaly
- Department of Haematology, Clinical Cancer Research Centre, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Chan Y Cheah
- Department of Haematology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital and Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Diego Villa
- Division of Medical Oncology and Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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30
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Goldschmidt N, Horowitz NA, Heffes V, Darawshy F, Mashiach T, Shaulov A, Gatt ME, Dann EJ. Addition of high-dose methotrexate to standard treatment for patients with high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma contributes to improved freedom from progression and survival but does not prevent central nervous system relapse. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 60:1890-1898. [PMID: 30689468 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2018.1564823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Combination of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (R-CHOP) is regarded as standard care for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and upfront intensification of therapy is still controversial. The current study aimed to dertermine whether the addition of high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) affects long-term outcomes and could also prevent central nervous system (CNS) relapse. Medical records of 480 patients with DLBCL treated between 1994 and 2013 at Rambam and Hadassah medical centers in Israel were reviewed; 130 (27%) had received HDMTX. Patients receiving HDMTX generally had higher International Prognostic Index (IPI) and CNS-IPI scores. HDMTX addition significantly improved progression free and overall survival (p = .001) and this advantage was maintained in multivariate analysis (HR for OS 0.3; 95% CI 0.19-0.47; p < .0001). Thirty-one (6.5%) patients had CNS relapse and in these cases high CNS-IPI, but not HDMTX treatment, was independently associated with CNS relapse (HR 1.2; 95% CI 1.2-11.5; p = .02). In conclusion, the addition of HDMTX to CHOP/RCHOP independently and significantly improved prognosis of patients with high-risk DLBCL, irrespective of their risk for CNS relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Goldschmidt
- a Hematology Department , Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical School , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Netanel A Horowitz
- b Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation , Rambam Health Care Campus , Haifa , Israel
| | - Vered Heffes
- b Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation , Rambam Health Care Campus , Haifa , Israel
| | - Fares Darawshy
- a Hematology Department , Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical School , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Tatiana Mashiach
- c Quality Assurance Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus , Haifa , Israel
| | - Adir Shaulov
- a Hematology Department , Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical School , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Moshe E Gatt
- a Hematology Department , Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical School , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Eldad J Dann
- b Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation , Rambam Health Care Campus , Haifa , Israel.,d Blood Bank and Apheresis Unit , Rambam Health Care Campus , Haifa , Israel.,e Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine , Technion, Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa , Israel
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31
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Primary extranodal lymphoma of the glands. Literature review and options for best practice in 2019. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 135:8-19. [PMID: 30819450 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (EN-NHL) are a heterogeneous group of malignancies that involve numerous entities with significant difference in terms of tumor site locations, prognostic factors, biology expression, and therapeutic options. In the literature, many EN-NHL types were reported from limited series which only allowed narrow views for elucidating prognostic factors and defining the role of loco-regional therapies in the era of new systemic and biologically targeted therapies. The Rare Cancer Network (RCN), an international multidisciplinary consortium, has published a number of reports on several EN-NHL sites which included many gland locations. In this review, we will focus on the recent literature for a selected number of EN-NHL types in both exocrine and endocrine gland locations. We aim to provide renewed and clear messages for the best practice in 2019 for diagnosis, histopathology, treatments, and also their prognostic implications. We believe that better understanding of molecular and genetic characteristics of these particular diseases is crucial for an appropriate management in the era of personalized treatment developments.
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Yu W, Si M, Li L, He P, Fan Z, Zhang Q, Jiao X. Biomarkers Reflecting The Destruction Of The Blood-Brain Barrier Are Valuable In Predicting The Risk Of Lymphomas With Central Nervous System Involvement. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:9505-9512. [PMID: 31807026 PMCID: PMC6857655 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s222432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify the biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that facilitate the diagnosis of lymphomas with central nervous system (CNS) involvement. METHODS Four cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients with/without CNS involvement were enrolled respectively, and non-CNS tumor patients (n=3) were selected to be the controls. Lab biomarkers, cytokines, and tight junction proteins (TJs) in CSF and serum were measured. RESULTS When comparing the CNS to non-CNS group, cytokine including MMP-9 (15.24 vs 0.36 ng/mL), CCL-2 (1922.04 vs 490.68 pg/mL), and sVCAM-1 (61.36 vs 9.00 pg/mL), TJs including OCLN (6.68 vs 2.59 pg/mL), and ZO-1 (710.04 vs 182.98 pg/mL) in CSF were significantly higher in lymphomas patients with CNS involvement than those without CNS involvement. However, serum biomarkers were not significantly elevated. Contrary to the major findings, all conventional biomarkers and MRI results showed no significant change. CONCLUSION CSF biomarkers affecting BBB disruption are valuable in mirroring the risk of lymphoma CNS metastasis. Further study with a larger sample size is needed to verify these biomarkers in predicting lymphoma CNS involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Yu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong515041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengya Si
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong515041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Obstetrics Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong515041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaoxin Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong515041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang Jiao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiaoyang Jiao Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Guangdong515041, People’s Republic of China Email
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Qualls D, Abramson JS. Advances in risk assessment and prophylaxis for central nervous system relapse in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Haematologica 2018; 104:25-34. [PMID: 30573511 PMCID: PMC6312016 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.195834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous sytem recurrence of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is an uncommon but devastating event, making identification of patients at high risk for relapse within the central nervous system essential for clinicians. Modern risk stratification includes both clinical and biological features. A validated clinical risk model employing the five traditional International Prognostic Index risk factors plus renal or adrenal involvement can identify a high-risk patient population with a central nervous system recurrence risk of greater than 10%. Lymphoma involvement of certain discrete extranodal sites such as the testis also confers increased risk, even in stage I disease. Adverse biological risk factors for central nervous system relapse include presence of translocations of MYC, BCL2 and/or BCL6, in so-called double- or triple-hit lymphoma. Immunohistochemically detectable co-expression of MYC and BCL2 in the absence of translocations also portends an increased risk of relapse within the central nervous system, particularly in the setting of the activated B-cell-like subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The role, method, and timing of prophylactic therapy remain controversial based on the available data. We review both intrathecal and systemic strategies for prophylaxis in high-risk patients. Our preference is for systemic methotrexate in concert with standard chemoimmunotherapy in the majority of cases. Several novel agents have also demonstrated clinical activity in primary and secondary central nervous system lymphoma and warrant future investigation in the prophylactic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Qualls
- Center for Lymphoma, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy S Abramson
- Center for Lymphoma, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Intrathecal Central Nervous System Prophylaxis in Patients With Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma at an Academic Healthcare System. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2018; 19:89-94. [PMID: 30528416 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intrathecal chemoprophylaxis is often administered to patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) to lower the rates of central nervous system (CNS) relapse, although its benefit has not been well-described. Prognostic models, including the CNS-International Prognostic Index (IPI), have been developed to aid in identifying patients at highest risk for CNS relapse. PATIENTS AND METHODS We evaluated 112 patients diagnosed with DLBCL from 2009 to 2016 at Emory Healthcare and classified them as high (n = 44) or low risk (n = 68) for CNS relapse and compared CNS prophylaxis rates and relapse rates between groups. The primary outcome was to compare the CNS relapse rate in high-risk patients who received intrathecal prophylaxis with patients who did not. RESULTS Twenty-six patients (14 high-risk and 12 low-risk) received intrathecal prophylaxis. Only 4 of 112 patients experienced a CNS relapse, including 1 in the high-risk group and 3 in the low-risk group. Among 14 high-risk patients who received intrathecal prophylaxis, no patient experienced CNS relapse compared with 1 of 30 high-risk patients without prophylaxis (P = 1.0). CONCLUSION Given the low rates of CNS relapse in this series, it is difficult to discern the impact of current risk stratification combined with intrathecal prophylaxis on outcomes. Our observation that many high-risk patients did not receive prophylaxis, whereas many low-risk patients received prophylaxis emphasizes the need for a standardized approach.
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Central nervous system (CNS) relapse is an undesirable event in the course of patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with a median survival of approximately 6 months following CNS relapse. CNS prophylaxis for the prevention of CNS recurrence, in addition to the standard R-CHOP chemotherapy, is thus preferable. For an overall relapse risk of 2-5%, administration of CNS-directed therapies for all patients with DLBCL is unnecessary and prophylaxis should be targeted for the high-risk patients. CNS-International Prognostic Index (CNS-IPI) score has enabled risk stratification with risk ranging < 1% (low-risk group) compared to > 10% (high-risk group). The latter could be considered for CNS prophylaxis. CNS-IPI, however, is not perfect and may not capture patients with high-risk extra-nodal sites such as testicular DLBCL. Cell-of-origin and MYC/BCL2 expression can further build on CNS-IPI to narrow higher risk patients. CNS prophylaxis strategies are controversial. Common strategies include intrathecal (IT) chemotherapy and systemic CNS penetrants such as methotrexate. IT chemotherapy does not adequately penetrate the brain parenchyma and hence it is insufficient in preventing parenchymal CNS recurrences. Most experts promote systemic methotrexate for high-risk groups, which penetrates both the leptomeningeal and parenchymal CNS compartments. Even though systemic CNS prophylaxis is widely promoted over IT alone, its efficacy is unclear. Ongoing efforts in search for appropriate CNS prophylaxis strategies are warranted. My personal practice is to administer systemic high-dose methotrexate in conjunction with R-CHOP chemotherapy for eligible patients deemed at a high risk of CNS recurrence, especially those with high-risk CNS-IPI and extra-nodal involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopesh Kansara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology/Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, 409 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada.
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Extranodal Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma: Molecular Features, Prognosis, and Risk of Central Nervous System Recurrence. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2018; 19:38. [PMID: 29931605 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-018-0555-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) arises from extranodal organs in about 30% of cases. Its prognosis and risk of recurrence in the central nervous system (CNS) vary according to the primary site of origin. Recent studies begin to clarify these differences using molecular classification. Testicular, breast, and uterine DLBCL (as well as possibly primary cutaneous DLBCL, leg-type) share a high prevalence of the non-germinal center B cell (non-GCB) phenotype and the MYD88/CD79B-mutated (MCD) genotype. These biologic features, which resemble primary CNS lymphoma, may underlie their stage-independent propensity for CNS involvement. Management of these lymphomas should involve CNS prophylaxis, preferably using systemic high-dose methotrexate to prevent intraparenchymal recurrence. Involvement of the kidneys, adrenal glands, ovary, bone marrow, lung, or pleura usually indicates disseminated disease, conferring worse prognosis. Involvement of these sites is often associated with high CNS-International Prognostic Index (IPI), concurrent MYC and BCL2 or BCL6 rearrangements, or intravascular lymphoma-risk factors warranting CNS prophylaxis. In contrast, craniofacial, thyroid, localized bone, or gastric lymphomas have a variable prevalence of the non-GCB phenotype and lack MYD88 mutations. Their outcomes with standard immunochemotherapy are excellent, and the risk of CNS recurrence is low. We recommend individualized consideration of CNS prophylaxis based on the CNS-IPI score and anatomical proximity in cases of epidural, orbital, or skull involvement. Rituximab-containing immunochemotherapy is a standard approach for all extranodal DLBCLs. Surgery is no longer required for any primary site, but routine consolidative radiation therapy is recommended for testicular lymphoma. Radiation therapy also appears to be associated with better progression-free survival in primary bone DLBCL. Future studies should better distinguish primary from secondary sites of extranodal involvement, and investigate the association of newly identified genotypes with the risk of CNS or systemic recurrence.
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Runaway Train: A Leaky Radiosensitive SCID with Skin Lesions and Multiple Lymphomas. Case Reports Immunol 2018; 2018:2053716. [PMID: 29888014 PMCID: PMC5977007 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2053716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclease Artemis is essential for the development of T-cell and B-cell receptors and repair of DNA double-strand breaks, and a loss of expression or function will lead to a radiosensitive severe combined immunodeficiency with no functional T-cells or B-cells (T-B-SCID). Hypomorphic mutations in the Artemis gene can lead to a functional, but reduced, T-cell and B-cell repertoire with a more indolent clinical course called "leaky" SCID. Here, we present the case of a young man who had increasingly aggressive lymphoproliferative skin lesions from 2 years of age which developed into multiple EBV+ B-cell lymphomas, where a hypomorphic mutation in the Artemis gene was found in a diagnostic race against time using whole exome sequencing. The patient was given a haploidentical stem cell transplant while in remission for his lymphomas and although the initial course was successful, he succumbed to a serious Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia 5 months after the transplant. The case underscores the importance of next-generation sequencing in the diagnosis of patients with suspected severe immunodeficiency.
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Cabannes-Hamy A, Peyrade F, Jardin F, Emile JF, Delwail V, Mounier N, Haioun C, Perrot A, Fitoussi O, Lara D, Delarue R, André M, Offner F, Ghesquières H, Pascal L, Soussain C, Lazarovici J, Schiano JM, Gaulard P, Tilly H, Thieblemont C. Central nervous system relapse in patients over 80 years with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: an analysis of two LYSA studies. Cancer Med 2018; 7:539-548. [PMID: 29473343 PMCID: PMC5852369 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CNS relapse is reported in 2–5% of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients, dramatically decreasing overall survival (OS). Very few studies address incidence and risk factors of CNS relapse in very elderly patients, a challenging population to treat given their commonly associated comorbidities. A retrospective analysis was performed of 270 DLBCL patients >80 years treated between 2004 and 2013 in two multicentre phase II LYSA trials (LNH03‐7B, LNH09‐7B) evaluating the addition of rituximab or ofatumumab to mini‐CHOP as front‐line therapy. No patients received CNS prophylaxis. CNS relapse was evaluated according to cumulative incidence, patient characteristics, risk factors, and survival. Median age was 83 years (range: 79–95). After a median follow‐up of 28.7 months, eight patients had CNS relapse (3.0%). Median time between inclusion and CNS relapse was 19.2 months (range: 3.2–32.6). Patients survived a median of 1.5 months after CNS relapse (range: 0.4–4.1). Median OS from relapse was significantly lower in CNS relapse patients (1.5 months, 95% CI: 0.4–3.5) compared to patients with non‐CNS relapse (6.6 months; 95% CI: 4.6–11.9). No baseline characteristics were associated with CNS relapse. The proportion of patients with CNS disease did not differ significantly between patients with low‐intermediate risk according to CNS‐IPI and patients with high risk (3% vs. 2.8%, P = 1.00). CNS relapse cumulative incidence in very elderly treatment‐naive patients is 1.8% at 2 years and is associated with poor survival. This population had a long median time to CNS relapse. Absence of prophylaxis did not strongly impact CNS relapse incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Cabannes-Hamy
- APHP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Hemato-Oncologie, Paris, France.,Université Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France.,EA7324, Université Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Fabrice Jardin
- Department of Hematology, Centre Henri Becquerel, UNIROUEN, INSERMU1245, Rouen, France
| | - Jean-François Emile
- APHP, Hôpital universitaire Ambroise Paré, Service d'anatomie pathologique, Boulogne, France
| | - Vincent Delwail
- Department of Oncology-Hematology and Cell Therapy, University Hospital, CIC INSERM 1402, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Corinne Haioun
- Lymphoid Malignancies Unit, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Aurore Perrot
- Hematology Department, University Hospital, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France
| | - Olivier Fitoussi
- Polyclinique Bordeaux-Nord, Service d'onco-hématologie, Bordeaux, France
| | - Diane Lara
- Service d'Hematologie Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France
| | | | - Marc André
- Department of Hematology, Université catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Fritz Offner
- CHU, Department of internal medicine, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hervé Ghesquières
- Hematologie, Centre hospitalier Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Benite, France
| | - Laurent Pascal
- Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille, Hematologie, Lille, France
| | - Carole Soussain
- Hematologie, CLCC Hôpital René Huguenin - Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Julien Lazarovici
- Département d'Hématologie, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94805, Villejuif
| | | | - Philippe Gaulard
- Département de Pathologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France.,INSERM U955, Créteil, France.,Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Hervé Tilly
- Department of Hematology, Centre Henri Becquerel, UNIROUEN, INSERMU1245, Rouen, France
| | - Catherine Thieblemont
- APHP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Hemato-Oncologie, Paris, France.,Université Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France.,EA7324, Université Descartes, Paris, France
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Miralles P, Navarro JT, Berenguer J, Gómez Codina J, Kwon M, Serrano D, Díez-Martín JL, Villà S, Rubio R, Menárguez J, Ribera Santasusana JM. GESIDA/PETHEMA recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of lymphomas in patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus. Med Clin (Barc) 2018; 151:39.e1-39.e17. [PMID: 29357988 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2017.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma is higher in patients with HIV infection than in the general population. Following the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), the prognostic significance of HIV-related variables has decreased, and lymphoma-related factors have become more pronounced. Currently, treatments for lymphomas in HIV-infected patients do not differ from those used in the general population. However, differentiating characteristics of seropositive patients, such as the need for cART and specific prophylaxis and treatment of certain opportunistic infections, should be considered. This document updates recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of lymphomas in HIV infected patients published by GESIDA/PETHEMA in 2008.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Miralles
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, España.
| | - José Tomás Navarro
- Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut de Recerca Josep Carreras, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, España
| | - Juan Berenguer
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, España
| | | | - Mi Kwon
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, España
| | - David Serrano
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, España
| | - José Luis Díez-Martín
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, España
| | - Salvador Villà
- Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut de Recerca Josep Carreras, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, España
| | | | - Javier Menárguez
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, España
| | - José-María Ribera Santasusana
- Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut de Recerca Josep Carreras, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, España
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Horvat M, Zadnik V, Južnič Šetina T, Boltežar L, Pahole Goličnik J, Novaković S, Jezeršek Novaković B. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: 10 years' real-world clinical experience with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:3602-3609. [PMID: 29467881 PMCID: PMC5796369 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with rituximab plus a regimen of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone (CHOP) for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has proven efficacy in clinical trials. The present study investigated its application in clinical practice. This single-center, retrospective database analysis included patients with DLBCL treated at the Slovenian Institute of Oncology Ljubljana between 2004 and 2013. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were assessed according to International Prognostic Index (IPI) and revised IPI (R-IPI) categories. Overall, 573 patients with DLBCL were included in the study (median follow-up, 45.3 months; range, 0.1–143.0). Patients were categorized as IPI ‘low’ (n=170; 30%), ‘low-intermediate’ (n=134; 23%), ‘high-intermediate’ (n=129; 23%) and ‘high’ (n=140; 24%) risk. R-IPI groups were indicated with ‘very good’ (n=59; 10%), ‘good’ (n=245; 43%) and ‘poor’ (n=269; 47%) prognosis. Ten-year OS and PFS rates were 51 and 72%, respectively; median OS was 124 months and median PFS was not reached. Ten-year OS rates were 80 and 87% in low-risk and ‘very good’ prognosis groups, respectively, and 30 and 37% in high-risk and poor prognosis patients, respectively. This analysis of patients with DLBCL indicated that many patients treated with R-CHOP and R-CHOP-like regimens in the real-world setting have excellent outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Horvat
- Division of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vesna Zadnik
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Južnič Šetina
- Division of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lučka Boltežar
- Division of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jana Pahole Goličnik
- Division of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Srdjan Novaković
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Savage KJ. Secondary CNS relapse in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: defining high-risk patients and optimization of prophylaxis strategies. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2017; 2017:578-586. [PMID: 29222307 PMCID: PMC6142549 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2017.1.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite improvement in survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with the introduction of rituximab, central nervous system (CNS) relapse continues to represent a clinical challenge. A number of studies have evaluated clinical risk factors in an attempt to identify high-risk patients to direct CNS staging investigations and consider prophylaxis strategies. The CNS International Prognostic Index is a robust and reproducible risk model that can identity patients at high risk of CNS relapse, but its specificity remains limited. Studies are emerging of biomarkers that predict CNS relapse that can be integrated with clinical risk models to better identify high-risk patients for CNS-directed prophylaxis strategies. Because CNS parenchymal disease is the predominant compartment, prophylaxis should include deeply penetrant drugs such as high-dose methotrexate. However, this has been associated with toxicity and has limited use in older patients. Novel therapies are being tested in primary CNS lymphoma with encouraging results and may represent rational strategies to be further explored in the prophylaxis setting.
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MESH Headings
- Central Nervous System Neoplasms/metabolism
- Central Nervous System Neoplasms/pathology
- Central Nervous System Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/prevention & control
- Methotrexate/therapeutic use
- Models, Neurological
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/prevention & control
- Rituximab/therapeutic use
- Secondary Prevention/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry J Savage
- Department of Medical Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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42
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Nazir A, Fawad, Siddique N, Hameed A. CNS relapse of diffuse large B cell Lymphoma A single centre experience. Pak J Med Sci 2017; 33:1454-1458. [PMID: 29492077 PMCID: PMC5768843 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.336.13812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Central nervous system (CNS) relapse of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is relatively uncommon and nearly fatal. Two years CNS relapse risk is 0.8% in low, 3.9% in intermediate and 12% in high risk patients. Our aim was to study, the baseline characteristics and outcome in term of median survival of DLBCL patients with CNS relapse. Methods This is a retrospective analysis. All patients of DLBCL with CNS relapse from 2006 to 2014 were included. Data were collected from computerized Hospital Information System and analyzed for characteristics and median survival. Results Out of twenty one patients included in the study, 14(66.3%) males and 7(33.7%) were females. On initial diagnosis of DLBCL, median age was 37.4 years (27-47). Ann Arbor stage of I-IV was in 3 (14.3%), 2(9.5%), 4(19%) and 12(57.1%) patients, respectively. Extra-nodal involvement was noted in 16(76.2%), high LDH in 18(85.7%), bone marrow involvement in 8(38.1%) and bulky disease in 5(23.8%) patients. International Prognostic Index (IPI) score was 1 in 4(19%), 2 in 9(42.9%), 3 in 8(38.1%) patients. Extra-nodal sites were gut in 2(9.1%) while 1(4.5%) patient of each of following organs involvement was seen: cervix, gluteal muscle, iliac bone, liver, ovaries, pancreas, parotid gland and testes. Chemotherapy CHOP was given to 16(76.2%) and RCHOP in 5(23.8%) patients. Prophylactic intrathecal methotrexate was given to 10(47.6%) patients. Complete response was in 10 (47.6%), partial response was in 3 (14.3%) and disease progression was in 8 (38.1%) patients. CNS relapse occurred in 17 (81%) patients within six months after completion of therapy. CNS relapse along with systemic disease was in 14(66.6%) patients. Isolated CNS relapse was noted in 7(33.3%) patients. Second line chemotherapy regimens were HDMTX 5(23.8%), HDMTX/TRIO IT 3(14.2%), HDMTX/HDAC 2(9.5%), HCVAD 3(14.2%), ICE 4(19.4%), DHAP 1(4.7%), ICE/HDMTX 1(4.7%), none 2(9.5%). Overall median survival of CNS relapsed patients was 54 days. Conclusion Patients with DLBCL who had advanced stage, high LDH and extra-nodal involvement at initial presentation are at high risk for CNS relapse. About half of the patients had CNS relapse despite primary CNS prophylaxis. Once relapsed in CNS, these patients have very poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Nazir
- Dr. Adil Nazir, MBBS, FCPS (Medicine). Fellow Medical Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fawad
- Dr. Fawad, MBBS, FCPS (Medicine). Fellow Medical Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Neelam Siddique
- Dr. Neelam Siddiqui, MBBS, FRCP, CCST (Medical Oncology). Consultant medical Oncologist, Department of Medical Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Hameed
- Dr. Abdul Hameed, MBBS, MD, FRCP (Edin).Consultant Hematologist, Department of Medical Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
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43
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Pedersen MØ, Gang AO, Brown P, Pedersen M, Knudsen H, Nielsen SL, Poulsen T, Wirenfeldt Klausen T, Høgdall E, Nørgaard P. Real world data on young patients with high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP or R-CHOEP - MYC, BCL2 and BCL6 as prognostic biomarkers. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186983. [PMID: 29088292 PMCID: PMC5663399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Double expression of MYC and BCL2 proteins (DE) and double-hit MYC+BCL2/BCL6 translocations (DH) were established as important biomarkers in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) by the 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms. Whether this applies to the subgroup of young patients with high risk DLBCL is not known. We previously found that in a uniform retrospective population-based cohort of patients aged 18–60 years with high-risk DLBCL, the addition of etoposide to R-CHOP chemotherapy (R-CHOEP) resulted in improved survival mainly in patients with germinal center B-cell like (GCB) immunophenotype. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic and predictive value of DE and DH in this patient cohort. Methods Data on all young Danish patients diagnosed with de novo high-risk DLBCL 2004–2008 and treated with R-CHOP or R-CHOEP were obtained from the Danish Lymphoma database (n = 159). Tumor samples were available from 103 patients. MYC and BCL2 proteins were analyzed with quantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) using different cut off values. MYC-, BCL2- and BCL6-translocations were examined with fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Results DE with MYC>75% and BCL2>85% was an independent negative prognostic marker of progression free survival (PFS) in patients treated with R-CHOP but not R-CHOEP (p<0.001), also after exclusion of patients with DH. A predictive effect of DE for response (PFS) to R-CHOEP vs. R-CHOP was almost significant (p = 0.07). DH was not prognostic in this patient cohort. Conclusion In young patients with high-risk DLBCL, treatment with R-CHOEP may overcome the negative prognostic impact of DE observed in patients treated with R-CHOP.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage
- Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
- Etoposide/administration & dosage
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prednisone/administration & dosage
- Prognosis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
- Retrospective Studies
- Risk Factors
- Vincristine/administration & dosage
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Ortved Gang
- Dept. of Hematology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Peter Brown
- Dept. of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Helle Knudsen
- Dept. of Pathology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Tim Poulsen
- Dept. of Pathology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Estrid Høgdall
- Dept. of Pathology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Peter Nørgaard
- Dept. of Pathology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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44
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Lemma SA, Kuusisto M, Haapasaari KM, Sormunen R, Lehtinen T, Klaavuniemi T, Eray M, Jantunen E, Soini Y, Vasala K, Böhm J, Salokorpi N, Koivunen P, Karihtala P, Vuoristo J, Turpeenniemi-Hujanen T, Kuittinen O. Integrin alpha 10, CD44, PTEN, cadherin-11 and lactoferrin expressions are potential biomarkers for selecting patients in need of central nervous system prophylaxis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:812-820. [PMID: 28854563 PMCID: PMC5862348 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) relapse is a devastating complication that occurs in about 5% of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. Currently, there are no predictive biological markers. We wanted to study potential biomarkers of CNS tropism that play a role in adhesion, migration and/or in the regulation of inflammatory responses. The expression levels of ITGA10, CD44, PTEN, cadherin-11, CDH12, N-cadherin, P-cadherin, lactoferrin and E-cadherin were studied with IHC and IEM. GEP was performed to see whether found expressional changes are regulated at DNA/RNA level. IHC included 96 samples of primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL), secondary CNS lymphoma (sCNSL) and systemic DLBCL (sDLBCL). IEM included two PCNSL, one sCNSL, one sDLBCL and one reactive lymph node samples. GEP was performed on two DLBCL samples, one with and one without CNS relapse. CNS disease was associated with enhanced expression of cytoplasmic and membranous ITGA10 and nuclear PTEN (P < 0.0005, P = 0.002, P = 0.024, respectively). sCNSL presented decreased membranous CD44 and nuclear and cytoplasmic cadherin-11 expressions (P = 0.001, P = 0.006, P = 0.048, respectively). In PCNSL lactoferrin expression was upregulated (P < 0.0005). IEM results were mainly supportive of the IHC results. In GEP CD44, cadherin-11, lactoferrin and E-cadherin were under-expressed in CNS disease. Our results are in line with previous studies, where gene expressions in extracellular matrix and adhesion-related pathways are altered in CNS lymphoma. This study gives new information on the DLBCL CNS tropism. If further verified, these markers might become useful in predicting CNS relapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siria A Lemma
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, 90220 Oulu, Finland.,Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Milla Kuusisto
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, 90220 Oulu, Finland.,Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Kirsi-Maria Haapasaari
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, 90220 Oulu, Finland.,Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, 90220 Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Institute of Diagnostics, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Kajaanintie 50, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Raija Sormunen
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Diagnostics, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Kajaanintie 50, 90220 Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuula Lehtinen
- Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, Teiskontie 35, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuula Klaavuniemi
- Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, Teiskontie 35, 33521 Tampere, Finland.,Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Central Finland Central Hospital, Keskussairaalantie 19, 40620 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mine Eray
- Department of Pathology, FIMLAB, Tampere University Hospital, Teiskontie 35, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Esa Jantunen
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ylermi Soini
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210 Kuopio, Finland.,Kuopio University Hospital, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kaija Vasala
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Central Finland Central Hospital, Keskussairaalantie 19, 40620 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jan Böhm
- Department of Pathology, Central Finland Central Hospital, Keskussairaalantie 19, 40620 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Niina Salokorpi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Petri Koivunen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Peeter Karihtala
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, 90220 Oulu, Finland.,Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Jussi Vuoristo
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Diagnostics, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Kajaanintie 50, 90220 Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Taina Turpeenniemi-Hujanen
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, 90220 Oulu, Finland.,Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Outi Kuittinen
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, 90220 Oulu, Finland.,Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, 90220 Oulu, Finland
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- A J M Ferreri
- Unit of Lymphoid Malignancies, Department of Onco-Haematology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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46
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Alternative splicing discriminates molecular subtypes and has prognostic impact in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood Cancer J 2017; 7:e596. [PMID: 28841210 PMCID: PMC5596382 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2017.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Effect of alternative splicing (AS) on diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) pathogenesis and survival has not been systematically addressed. Here, we compared differentially expressed genes and exons in association with survival after chemoimmunotherapy, and between germinal center B-cell like (GCB) and activated B-cell like (ABC) DLBCLs. Genome-wide exon array-based screen was performed from samples of 38 clinically high-risk patients who were treated in a Nordic phase II study with dose-dense chemoimmunotherapy and central nervous system prophylaxis. The exon expression profile separated the patients according to molecular subgroups and survival better than the gene expression profile. Pathway analyses revealed enrichment of AS genes in inflammation and adhesion-related processes, and in signal transduction, such as phosphatidylinositol signaling system and adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporters. Altogether, 49% of AS-related exons were protein coding, and domain prediction showed 28% of such exons to include a functional domain, such as transmembrane helix domain or phosphorylation sites. Validation in an independent cohort of 92 DLBCL samples subjected to RNA-sequencing confirmed differential exon usage of selected genes and association of AS with molecular subtypes and survival. The results indicate that AS events are able to discriminate GCB and ABC DLBCLs and have prognostic impact in DLBCL.
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47
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How I treat patients with aggressive lymphoma at high risk of CNS relapse. Blood 2017; 130:867-874. [PMID: 28611025 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-03-737460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) relapses are an uncommon yet devastating complication of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The identification of patients at high risk of secondary CNS relapse is therefore paramount. Retrospective data indicate prophylactic CNS-directed therapies may reduce the risk of CNS involvement; however, no consensus exists about dose, timing, or route of therapy. In addition, prophylaxis is not without risk of treatment-related complications and morbidity. Here, we present a series of case vignettes highlighting our approach to common dilemmas encountered in routine clinical practice. We review the method of assessing CNS relapse risk, factors that increase the likelihood of relapse including histologic subtype, MYC rearrangement, protein expression, and extranodal involvement, and review our clinical practice based on available evidence in administering CNS-directed prophylaxis.
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48
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Tomita N, Yokoyama M, Yamamoto W, Watanabe R, Shimazu Y, Masaki Y, Tsunoda S, Hashimoto C, Murayama K, Yano T, Okamoto R, Kikuchi A, Tamura K, Sato K, Sunami K, Shibayama H, Takimoto R, Ohshima R, Takahashi H, Moriuchi Y, Kinoshita T, Yamamoto M, Numata A, Nakajima H, Miura I, Takeuchi K. The standard international prognostic index for predicting the risk of CNS involvement in DLBCL without specific prophylaxis. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 59:97-104. [PMID: 28593796 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1330541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is a serious complication in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and evaluating CNS risk is an important issue. Using the standard international prognostic index (IPI) and CNS-IPI, a recently proposed model including IPI risk factors and adrenal/kidney involvement, we assessed CNS risk in 1220 untreated DLBCL patients who received R-CHOP without prophylaxis. According to the standard IPI, the cumulative incidences of CNS involvement at 2 years were 1.3, 4.6, 8.8, and 12.7% in the low-, low-intermediate-, high-intermediate-, and high-risk groups, respectively (p <.001). This result is comparable with that of the CNS-IPI. Patients with breast involvement tended to have lower risk according to the standard IPI but showed frequent CNS involvement, similar to patients with testis involvement. The standard IPI is also a useful predictor of CNS involvement. Patients with breast/testis involvement would be candidates for prophylaxis regardless of the standard IPI risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Tomita
- a Bay-area Lymphoma Information Network , Tokyo , Japan.,b Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine , St. Marianna University School of Medicine , Kawasaki , Japan.,c Department of Hematology and Clinical Immunology , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Masahiro Yokoyama
- a Bay-area Lymphoma Information Network , Tokyo , Japan.,d Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology , Cancer Institute Hospital , Tokyo , Japan.,e Ganken Ariake Lymphoma Study Group , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Wataru Yamamoto
- f Department of Medical Oncology , Kanagawa Cancer Center , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Reina Watanabe
- c Department of Hematology and Clinical Immunology , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Yutaka Shimazu
- g Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Yasufumi Masaki
- h Department of Hematology and Immunology , Kanazawa Medical University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Saburo Tsunoda
- i Division of Hematology , Tochigi Cancer Center , Utsunomiya , Japan
| | - Chizuko Hashimoto
- f Department of Medical Oncology , Kanagawa Cancer Center , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Kayoko Murayama
- j Department of Hematology , Gunma Cancer Center , Ota , Japan
| | - Takahiro Yano
- k Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine , National Tokyo Medical Center, National Hospital Organization , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Rumiko Okamoto
- l Department of Chemotherapy , Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Disease Center Komagome Hospital , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Ako Kikuchi
- m Department of Hematology/Oncology , Tokai University School of Medicine , Isehara , Japan
| | - Kazuo Tamura
- n Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Hematology, and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine , Fukuoka University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Kazuya Sato
- o Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine , Jichi Medical University , Shimotsuke , Japan
| | - Kazutaka Sunami
- p Department of Hematology , National Hospital Organization, Okayama Medical Center , Okayama , Japan
| | - Hirohiko Shibayama
- q Department of Hematology and Oncology , Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Suita , Japan
| | - Rishu Takimoto
- r Fourth Department of Internal Medicine , Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Rika Ohshima
- s Department of Hematology , Yokohama City University Medical Center , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Hiromichi Takahashi
- t Department of Hematology and Rheumatology , Nihon University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yukiyoshi Moriuchi
- u Department of Internal Medicine , Sasebo City General Hospital , Sasebo , Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kinoshita
- v Department of Hematology and Oncology , Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Masahide Yamamoto
- w Department of Hematology , Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Ayumi Numata
- x Department of Hematology/Immunology , Fujisawa City Hospital , Fujisawa , Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakajima
- c Department of Hematology and Clinical Immunology , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Ikuo Miura
- b Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine , St. Marianna University School of Medicine , Kawasaki , Japan
| | - Kengo Takeuchi
- a Bay-area Lymphoma Information Network , Tokyo , Japan.,e Ganken Ariake Lymphoma Study Group , Tokyo , Japan.,y Pathology Project for Molecular Targets , Cancer Institute Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research , Tokyo , Japan
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49
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Schmitz N, Nickelsen M, Savage KJ. Central Nervous System Prophylaxis for Aggressive B-cell Lymphoma: Who, What, and When? Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2017; 30:1277-1291. [PMID: 27888881 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) relapse of aggressive B-cell lymphoma is a rare but serious complication with poor survival. Different approaches have been used to define risks factors for CNS relapse and establish prophylactic measures. Although patients with low or intermediate risk of CNS relapse should not undergo special diagnostic or therapeutic measures, CNS MRI as well as cytology and flow cytometry of the cerebrospinal fluid are suggested for high-risk patients (and patients with testicular involvement) at diagnosis, and prophylactic high-dose methotrexate in patients without proven CNS involvement. Future risk and treatment models may include molecular features and new treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Schmitz
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Asklepios Hospital St. Georg, Lohmuehlenstrasse 5, Hamburg D-20099, Germany.
| | - Maike Nickelsen
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Asklepios Hospital St. Georg, Lohmuehlenstrasse 5, Hamburg D-20099, Germany
| | - Kerry J Savage
- Department of Medical Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 600 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada.
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50
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El-Galaly TC, Villa D, Michaelsen TY, Hutchings M, Mikhaeel NG, Savage KJ, Sehn LH, Barrington S, Hansen JW, Smith D, Rady K, Mylam KJ, Larsen TS, Holmberg S, Juul MB, Cordua S, Clausen MR, Jensen KB, Johnsen HE, Seymour JF, Connors JM, de Nully Brown P, Bøgsted M, Cheah CY. The number of extranodal sites assessed by PET/CT scan is a powerful predictor of CNS relapse for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: An international multicenter study of 1532 patients treated with chemoimmunotherapy. Eur J Cancer 2017; 75:195-203. [PMID: 28237865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Development of secondary central nervous system involvement (SCNS) in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is associated with poor outcomes. The CNS International Prognostic Index (CNS-IPI) has been proposed for identifying patients at greatest risk, but the optimal model is unknown. METHODS We retrospectively analysed patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma diagnosed between 2001 and 2013, staged with PET/CT and treated with R-CHOP(-like) regimens. Baseline clinicopathologic characteristics, treatments, and outcome data were collected from clinical databases and medical files. We evaluated the association between candidate prognostic factors and modelled different risk models for predicting SCNS. RESULTS Of 1532 patients, 62 (4%) subsequently developed SCNS. By multivariate analysis, disease stage III/IV, elevated serum LDH, kidney/adrenal and uterine/testicular involvement were independently associated with SCNS. There was a strong correlation between absolute number of extranodal sites and risk of SCNS; the 144 patients (9%) with >2 extranodal sites had a 3-year cumulative incidence of SCNS of 15.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 9.2-21.2%) compared with 2.6% (95% CI 1.7-3.5) among those with ≤2 sites (P < 0.001). The 3-year cumulative risks of SCNS for CNS-IPI defined risk groups were 11.2%, 3.1% and 0.4% for high-, intermediate- and low-risk patients, respectively. All risk models analysed had high negative predictive values, but only modest positive predictive values. CONCLUSIONS Patients with >2 extranodal sites or high-risk disease according to the CNS-IPI should be considered for baseline CNS staging. Clinical risk prediction models suffer from limited positive predictive ability, highlighting the need for more sensitive biomarkers to identify patients at highest risk of this devastating complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarec Christoffer El-Galaly
- Department of Hematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Mølleparkvej 4, DK-9100 Aalborg, Denmark; Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Sdr. Skovvej 15, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Sdr. Skovvej 15, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Diego Villa
- Division of Medical Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency Centre for Lymphoid Cancer and the University of British Columbia, 150-686 W. Broadway, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Martin Hutchings
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9 DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nabegh George Mikhaeel
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Kerry J Savage
- Division of Medical Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency Centre for Lymphoid Cancer and the University of British Columbia, 150-686 W. Broadway, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Laurie H Sehn
- Division of Medical Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency Centre for Lymphoid Cancer and the University of British Columbia, 150-686 W. Broadway, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sally Barrington
- PET Imaging Centre, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Jakob W Hansen
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9 DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Smith
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Kirsty Rady
- Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Karen J Mylam
- Department of Hematology, Odense University Hospital, Søndre Boulevard 29, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas S Larsen
- Department of Hematology, Odense University Hospital, Søndre Boulevard 29, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Staffan Holmberg
- Department of Hematology, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Maja B Juul
- Department of Hematology, Vejle Hospital, Kabbeltoft 25, DK-7100 Vejle, Denmark
| | - Sabrina Cordua
- Department of Hematology, Roskilde Hospital, Zealand University Hospital, Sygehusvej 10, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Michael R Clausen
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kristina B Jensen
- Department of Hematology, Holstebro Hospital, Lægårdvej, DK-7500 Holstebro, Denmark
| | - Hans E Johnsen
- Department of Hematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Mølleparkvej 4, DK-9100 Aalborg, Denmark; Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Sdr. Skovvej 15, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Sdr. Skovvej 15, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - John F Seymour
- Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Joseph M Connors
- Division of Medical Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency Centre for Lymphoid Cancer and the University of British Columbia, 150-686 W. Broadway, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter de Nully Brown
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9 DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Bøgsted
- Department of Hematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Mølleparkvej 4, DK-9100 Aalborg, Denmark; Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Sdr. Skovvej 15, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Sdr. Skovvej 15, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Chan Y Cheah
- Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Hematology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital and Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Hospital Ave, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia; University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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