1
|
Xu X, Wang Y, Lu H, Zhao X, Jiang J, Liu M, Yang C. Morphological characterization and transcriptome analysis of rolled and narrow leaf mutant in soybean. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:686. [PMID: 39026194 PMCID: PMC11264519 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05389-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In plants, the leaf functions as a solar panel, where photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and oxygen. In soybean, leaf type traits, including leaf shape, leaf area, leaf width, and leaf width so on, are considered to be associated with yield. In this study, we performed morphological characterization, transcriptome analysis, and endogenous hormone analysis of a rolled and narrow leaf mutant line (rl) in soybean. RESULTS Compared with wild type HX3, mutant line rl showed rolled and narrower leaflet, and smaller leaf, meanwhile rl also performed narrower pod and narrower seed. Anatomical analysis of leaflet demonstrated that cell area of upper epidermis was bigger than the cell area of lower epidermis in rl, which may lead rolled and narrow leaf. Transcriptome analysis revealed that several cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX) genes (Glyma.06G028900, Glyma.09G225400, Glyma.13G104700, Glyma.14G099000, and Glyma.17G054500) were up-regulation dramatically, which may cause lower cytokinin level in rl. Endogenous hormone analysis verified that cytokinin content of rl was lower. Hormone treatment results indicated that 6-BA rescued rolled leaf enough, rescued partly narrow leaf. And after 6-BA treatment, the cell area was similar between upper epidermis and lower epidermis in rl. Although IAA content and ABA content were reduced in rl, but exogenous IAA and ABA didn't affect leaf type of HX3 and rl. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest abnormal cytokinin metabolism caused rolled and narrow leaf in rl, and provide valuable clues for further understanding the mechanisms underlying leaf development in soybean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yongzhen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Housheng Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xueqian Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiacan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mengshi Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Cunyi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hightower AT, Chitwood DH, Josephs EB. Herbarium specimens reveal links between Capsella bursa-pastoris leaf shape and climate. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.13.580180. [PMID: 38405842 PMCID: PMC10888959 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.13.580180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Studies into the evolution and development of leaf shape have connected variation in plant form, function, and fitness. For species with consistent leaf margin features, patterns in leaf architecture are related to both biotic and abiotic factors. However, for species with inconsistent leaf margin features, quantifying leaf shape variation and the effects of environmental factors on leaf shape has proven challenging. To investigate leaf shape variation in species with inconsistent shapes, we analyzed approximately 500 digitized Capsella bursa-pastoris specimens collected throughout the continental U.S. over a 100-year period with geometric morphometric modeling and deterministic techniques. We generated a morphospace of C. bursa-pastoris leaf shapes and modeled leaf shape as a function of environment and time. Our results suggest C. bursa-pastoris leaf shape variation is strongly associated with temperature over the C. bursa-pastoris growing season, with lobing decreasing as temperature increases. While we expected to see changes in variation over time, our results show that level of leaf shape variation is consistent over the 100-year period. Our findings showed that species with inconsistent leaf shape variation can be quantified using geometric morphometric modeling techniques and that temperature is the main environmental factor influencing leaf shape variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asia T Hightower
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1226
- Ecology, Evolution, & Behavior Program, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824-1226
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1226
| | - Daniel H Chitwood
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI 48824-1226
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State University, 428 S Shaw Ln, East Lansing, MI 48824-1226
| | - Emily B Josephs
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1226
- Ecology, Evolution, & Behavior Program, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824-1226
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1226
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mohanasundaram B, Palit S, Bhide AJ, Pala M, Rajoria K, Girigosavi P, Banerjee AK. PpSCARECROW1 (PpSCR1) regulates leaf blade and mid-vein development in Physcomitrium patens. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:12. [PMID: 38324222 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01398-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
In plants, asymmetric cell divisions result in distinct cell fates forming large and small daughter cells, adding to the cellular diversity in an organ. SCARECROW (SCR), a GRAS domain-containing transcription factor controls asymmetric periclinal cell divisions in flowering plants by governing radial patterning of ground tissue in roots and cell proliferation in leaves. Though SCR homologs are present across land plant lineages, the current understanding of their role in cellular patterning and leaf development is mostly limited to flowering plants. Our phylogenetic analysis identified three SCR homologs in moss Physcomitrium patens, amongst which PpSCR1 showed highest expression in gametophores and its promoter activity was prominent at the mid-vein and the flanking leaf blade cells pointing towards its role in leaf development. Notably, out of the three SCR homologs, only the ppscr1 knock-out lines developed slender leaves with four times narrower leaf blade and three times thicker mid-vein. Detailed histology studies revealed that slender leaf phenotype is either due to the loss of anticlinal cell divisions or failure of periclinal division suppression in the leaf blade. RNA-Seq analyses revealed that genes responsible for cell division and differentiation are expressed differentially in the mutant. PpSCR1 overexpression lines exhibited significantly wider leaf lamina, further reconfirming the role in leaf development. Together, our data suggests that PpSCR1 is involved in the leaf blade and mid-vein development of moss and that its role in the regulation of cell division and proliferation is ancient and conserved among flowering plants and mosses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boominathan Mohanasundaram
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER-Pune), Biology Division, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
- Currently at Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shirsa Palit
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER-Pune), Biology Division, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
- Currently at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Amey J Bhide
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER-Pune), Biology Division, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Madhusmita Pala
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER-Pune), Biology Division, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kanishka Rajoria
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER-Pune), Biology Division, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Payal Girigosavi
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER-Pune), Biology Division, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
- Currently at National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anjan K Banerjee
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER-Pune), Biology Division, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
John GP, Garnica-Díaz CJ. Embracing the complexity of leaf shape: a commentary on 'Anatomical determinants of gas exchange and hydraulics vary with leaf shape in soybean'. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:i-iii. [PMID: 37283295 PMCID: PMC10332391 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This article comments on:Bishal G. Tamang, Yanqun Zhang, Michelle A. Zambrano and Elizabeth A. Ainsworth Anatomical determinants of gas exchange and hydraulics vary with leaf shape in soybean, Annals of Botany, Volume 131, Issue 6, 9 May 2023, Pages 909–920, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcac118
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace P John
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, 220 Bartram Hall, PO Box 118525, Gainesville, FL 32611-8525, USA
| | - Claudia J Garnica-Díaz
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, 220 Bartram Hall, PO Box 118525, Gainesville, FL 32611-8525, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Clark CB, Ma J. The genetic basis of shoot architecture in soybean. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2023; 43:55. [PMID: 37351274 PMCID: PMC10281916 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-023-01391-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Shoot architecture refers to the three-dimensional body plan of the above ground organs of the plant. The patterning of this body plan results from the tight genetic control of the size and maintenance of meristems, the initiation of axillary growth, and the timing of developmental phase transition. Variation in shoot architecture can result in dramatic differences in plant productivity and/or grain yield due to their effects on light interception, photosynthetic efficiency, response to agronomic inputs, and environmental adaptation. The fine-tuning of shoot architecture has consequently been of great interest to plant breeders, driving the need for deeper understanding of the genes and molecular mechanisms governing these traits. In soybean, the world's most important oil and protein crop, major components of shoot architecture include stem growth habit, plant height, branch angle, branch number, leaf petiole angle, and the size and shape of leaves. Key genes underlying some of these traits have been identified to integrate hormonal, developmental, and environmental signals modulating the growth and orientation of shoot organs. Here we summarize the current knowledge and recent advances in the understanding of the genetic control of these important architectural traits in soybean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chancelor B. Clark
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, 915 W Mitch Daniels Blvd, West Lafayette, 47907 IN USA
| | - Jianxin Ma
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, 915 W Mitch Daniels Blvd, West Lafayette, 47907 IN USA
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| |
Collapse
|