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Gu J, Struik PC, Evers JB, Lertngim N, Lin R, Driever SM. Quantifying differences in plant architectural development between hybrid potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants grown from two types of propagules. Ann Bot 2024; 133:365-378. [PMID: 38099505 PMCID: PMC11005760 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plants can propagate generatively and vegetatively. The type of propagation and the resulting propagule can influence the growth of the plants, such as plant architectural development and pattern of biomass allocation. Potato is a species that can reproduce through both types of propagation: through true botanical seeds and seed tubers. The consequences of propagule type on the plant architectural development and biomass partitioning in potatoes are not well known. We quantified architectural differences between plants grown from these two types of propagules from the same genotype, explicitly analysing branching dynamics above and below ground, and related these differences to biomass allocation patterns. METHODS A greenhouse experiment was conducted, using potato plants of the same genotype but grown from two types of propagules: true seeds and seed tubers from a plant grown from true seed (seedling tuber). Architectural traits and biomass allocation to different organs were quantified at four developmental stages. Differences between true-seed-grown and seedling-tuber-grown plants were compared at the whole-plant level and at the level of individual stems and branches, including their number, size and location on the plant. KEY RESULTS A more branched and compact architecture was produced in true-seed-grown plants compared with seedling-tuber-grown plants. The architectural differences between plants grown from true seeds and seedling tubers appeared gradually and were attributed mainly to the divergent temporal-spatial distribution of lateral branches above and below ground on the main axis. The continual production of branches in true-seed-grown plants indicated their indeterminate growth habit, which was also reflected in a slower shift of biomass allocation from above- to below-ground branches, whereas the opposite trend was found in seedling-tuber-grown plants. CONCLUSIONS In true-seed-grown plants, lateral branching was stronger and determined whole-plant architecture and plant function with regard to light interception and biomass production, compared with seedling-tuber-grown plants. This different role of branching indicates that a difference in preference between clonal and sexual reproduction might exist. The divergent branching behaviours in true-seed-grown and seedling-tuber-grown plants might be regulated by the different intensity of apical dominance, which suggests that the control of branching can depend on the propagule type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Gu
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul C Struik
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jochem B Evers
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Narawitch Lertngim
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruokai Lin
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Steven M Driever
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Fang C, Du H, Wang L, Liu B, Kong F. Mechanisms underlying key agronomic traits and implications for molecular breeding in soybean. J Genet Genomics 2024; 51:379-393. [PMID: 37717820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) is an important crop that provides protein and vegetable oil for human consumption. As soybean is a photoperiod-sensitive crop, its cultivation and yield are limited by the photoperiodic conditions in the field. In contrast to other major crops, soybean has a special plant architecture and a special symbiotic nitrogen fixation system, representing two unique breeding directions. Thus, flowering time, plant architecture, and symbiotic nitrogen fixation are three critical or unique yield-determining factors. This review summarizes the progress made in our understanding of these three critical yield-determining factors in soybean. Meanwhile, we propose potential research directions to increase soybean production, discuss the application of genomics and genomic-assisted breeding, and explore research directions to address future challenges, particularly those posed by global climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Fang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Haiping Du
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Lingshuang Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Baohui Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Fanjiang Kong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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3
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Tóth VR. Vertical optical complexity shaped by submerged macrophytes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5100. [PMID: 38429486 PMCID: PMC10907357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55824-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The influence of macrophytes on the optical environment of the littoral zone was assessed by studying the effect of monospecific Potamogeton perfoliatus on the quantitative and qualitative properties of light and the response of plants to this altered environment. P. perfoliatus was shown to alter the optical environment and consequently its own architecture: in high-density pondweed patches, 67 percent of incident light was absorbed in the top 10 cm, while spectral properties of light was significantly altered. Leaf morphology and photophysiology adapted to these changes, with photosynthetically active biomass concentrated in the upper water layer and stem biomass increasing in the basal parts due to self-shading. This study highlights the importance of submerged macrophytes in shaping the optical environment and ecological dynamics of littoral zones. Not only do pondweed plants from different sites show very similar vertical patterns of morphological and physiological parameters, but they also contribute to similar vertical spatial variability in water optics, thus increasing habitat complexity. This added optical heterogeneity not only increases the diversity of the littoral zone, but also enriches the entire aquatic ecosystem of shallow lakes by providing additional optical ecological niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor R Tóth
- National Laboratory for Water Science and Water Security, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Tihany, 8237, Hungary.
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4
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Sun L, Xu H, Song J, Yang X, Wang X, Liu H, Pang M, Hu Y, Yang Q, Ning X, Liang S, Zhang S, Luan W. OsNAC103, a NAC Transcription Factor, Positively Regulates Leaf Senescence and Plant Architecture in Rice. Rice (N Y) 2024; 17:15. [PMID: 38358523 PMCID: PMC10869678 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00690-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Leaf senescence, the last stage of leaf development, is essential for crop yield by promoting nutrition relocation from senescence leaves to new leaves and seeds. NAC (NAM/ATAF1/ATAF2/CUC2) proteins, one of the plant-specific transcription factors, widely distribute in plants and play important roles in plant growth and development. Here, we identified a new NAC member OsNAC103 and found that it plays critical roles in leaf senescence and plant architecture in rice. OsNAC103 mRNA levels were dramatically induced by leaf senescence as well as different phytohormones such as ABA, MeJA and ACC and abiotic stresses including dark, drought and high salinity. OsNAC103 acts as a transcription factor with nuclear localization signals at the N terminal and a transcriptional activation signal at the C terminal. Overexpression of OsNAC103 promoted leaf senescence while osnac103 mutants delayed leaf senescence under natural condition and dark-induced condition, meanwhile, senescence-associated genes (SAGs) were up-regulated in OsNAC103 overexpression (OsNAC103-OE) lines, indicating that OsNAC103 positively regulates leaf senescence in rice. Moreover, OsNAC103-OE lines exhibited loose plant architecture with larger tiller angles while tiller angles of osnac103 mutants decreased during the vegetative and reproductive growth stages due to the response of shoot gravitropism, suggesting that OsNAC103 can regulate the plant architecture in rice. Taken together, our results reveal that OsNAC103 plays crucial roles in the regulation of leaf senescence and plant architecture in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Hanqin Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Juan Song
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - XinYi Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Mengzhen Pang
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Youchuan Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Xiaotong Ning
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Shanshan Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Siju Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Weijiang Luan
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
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Waite JM, Dardick C. IGT/LAZY genes are differentially influenced by light and required for light-induced change to organ angle. BMC Biol 2024; 22:8. [PMID: 38233837 PMCID: PMC10795295 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01813-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants adjust their growth orientations primarily in response to light and gravity signals. Considering that the gravity vector is fixed and the angle of light incidence is constantly changing, plants must somehow integrate these signals to establish organ orientation, commonly referred to as gravitropic set-point angle (GSA). The IGT gene family contains known regulators of GSA, including the gene clades LAZY, DEEPER ROOTING (DRO), and TILLER ANGLE CONTROL (TAC). RESULTS Here, we investigated the influence of light on different aspects of GSA phenotypes in LAZY and DRO mutants, as well as the influence of known light signaling pathways on IGT gene expression. Phenotypic analysis revealed that LAZY and DRO genes are collectively required for changes in the angle of shoot branch tip and root growth in response to light. Single lazy1 mutant branch tips turn upward in the absence of light and in low light, similar to wild-type, and mimic triple and quadruple IGT mutants in constant light and high-light conditions, while triple and quadruple IGT/LAZY mutants show little to no response to changing light regimes. Further, the expression of IGT/LAZY genes is differentially influenced by daylength, circadian clock, and light signaling. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the data show that differential expression of LAZY and DRO genes are required to enable plants to alter organ angles in response to light-mediated signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Marie Waite
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV, USA.
- Present Address: USDA Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, 1104 N Western Avenue, Wenatchee, WA, USA.
| | - Christopher Dardick
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV, USA
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Cobacho SP, Janssen SAR, Brekelmans MACP, van de Leemput IA, Holmgren M, Christianen MJA. High temperature and eutrophication alter biomass allocation of black mangrove (Avicennia germinans L.) seedlings. Mar Environ Res 2024; 193:106291. [PMID: 38086136 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
Mangrove restoration is underway along tropical coastlines to combat their rapid worldwide decline. However, restoration success is limited due to local drivers such as eutrophication, and global drivers such as climate change, yet their interactions remain unclear. We conducted a mesocosm experiment to assess the impact of increased nutrients and temperature on the photosynthetic efficiency and development of black mangrove seedlings. Seedlings exposed to high temperature and eutrophication showed reduced root growth and disproportionally long stems, with lower net assimilation rates. This architectonical imbalance between root and stem growth may increase susceptibility to physical disturbances and dislodgement. Notably, none of the experimental seedlings displayed signs of photophysiological stress, and those exposed to increased nutrients and temperature exhibited robust photosynthetic performance. The disbalance in biomass allocation highlights the importance of considering local nutrient status and hydrodynamic conditions in restoration projects, ensuring the effective anchorage of mangrove seedlings and restoration success under a warming climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara P Cobacho
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Sjoerd A R Janssen
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mabel A C P Brekelmans
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid A van de Leemput
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Milena Holmgren
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn J A Christianen
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Liu J, Miao P, Qin W, Hu W, Wei Z, Ding W, Zhang H, Wang Z. A novel single nucleotide mutation of TFL1 alters the plant architecture of Gossypium arboreum through changing the pre-mRNA splicing. Plant Cell Rep 2023; 43:26. [PMID: 38155318 PMCID: PMC10754752 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A single nucleotide mutation from G to A at the 201st position changed the 5' splice site and deleted 31 amino acids in the first exon of GaTFL1. Growth habit is an important agronomic trait that plays a decisive role in the plant architecture and crop yield. Cotton (Gossypium) tends to indeterminate growth, which is unsuitable for the once-over mechanical harvest system. Here, we identified a determinate growth mutant (dt1) in Gossypium arboreum by EMS mutagenesis, in which the main axis was terminated with the shoot apical meristem (SAM) converted into flowers. The map-based cloning of the dt1 locus showed a single nucleotide mutation from G to A at the 201st positions in TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (GaTFL1), which changed the alternative RNA 5' splice site and resulted in 31 amino acids deletion and loss of function of GaTFL1. Comparative transcriptomic RNA-Seq analysis identified many transporters responsible for the phytohormones, auxin, sugar, and flavonoids, which may function downstream of GaTFL1 to involve the plant architecture regulation. These findings indicate a novel alternative splicing mechanism involved in the post-transcriptional modification and TFL1 may function upstream of the auxin and sugar pathways through mediating their transport to determine the SAM fate and coordinate the vegetative and reproductive development from the SAM of the plant, which provides clues for the TFL1 mechanism in plant development regulation and provide research strategies for plant architecture improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Liu
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572024, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Pengfei Miao
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572024, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Wenqiang Qin
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572024, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Wei Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Wusi Ding
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572024, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572024, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572024, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China.
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Tokuyama Y, Omachi M, Kushida S, Hikichi K, Okada S, Onishi K, Ishii T, Kishima Y, Koide Y. Different contributions of PROG1 and TAC1 to the angular kinematics of the main culm and tillers of wild rice (Oryza rufipogon). Planta 2023; 259:19. [PMID: 38085356 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION PROG1 is necessary but insufficient for the main culm inclination while TAC1 partially takes part in it, and both genes promote tiller inclination in Asian wild rice. Asian wild rice (Oryza rufipogon), the ancestor of cultivated rice (O. sativa), has a prostrate architecture, with tillers branching from near the ground. The main culm of each plant grows upward and then tilts during the vegetative stage. Genes controlling tiller angle have been reported; however, their genetic contributions to the culm movement have not been quantified. Here, we quantified their genetic contributions to angular kinematics in the main culm and tillers. For the main culm inclination, one major QTL surrounding the PROG1 region was found. In cultivated rice, tillers firstly inclined and lately rose, while it kept inclining in wild rice. It was suggested that PROG1 affected the tiller elevation angle in the later kinematics, whereas TAC1 was weakly associated with the tiller angle in the whole vegetative stage. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) suggested that these angular changes are produced by the bending of culm bases. Because near-isogenic lines (NILs) of wild rice-type Prog1 and Tac1 alleles in the genetic background of cultivated rice did not show the prostrate architecture, the involvement of another gene(s) for inclination of the main culm was suggested. Our findings will not only contribute to the understanding of the morphological transition during domestication but also be used in plant breeding to precisely reproduce the ideal plant architecture by combining the effects of multiple genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Tokuyama
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo-Shi, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Miku Omachi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo-Shi, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Shiori Kushida
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo-Shi, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Hikichi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo-Shi, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Shuhei Okada
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo-Shi, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Onishi
- Research Department of Agro-Environmental Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro-Shi, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Takashige Ishii
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe-Shi, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuji Kishima
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo-Shi, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yohei Koide
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo-Shi, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan.
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Twumasi P, Asare PA, Afutu E, Amenorpe G, Addy SN. Chemosensitivity analysis of tiger nuts ( Cyperus esculentus L.) using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and colchicine mutagens. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22619. [PMID: 38046175 PMCID: PMC10686876 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Four hundred tubers of four genotypes, two brown and two black tiger nuts were subjected to Ethyl Methanesulfonate (EMS) and Colchicine treatments at concentrations of 0 %, 0.1 %, 0.25 %, 0.5 % and 1.0 % for 24 h. Each genotype had twenty tubers treated with each of the five different concentrations and were planted using Complete Randomized Design (CRD) in a greenhouse. Quantitative data was collected and LD50 and RD50 were analysed using Excell 2016 and Genstat 11.2. A general decreasing trend in percentage germination and plant height was observed with increasing concentrations of mutagens applied. An EMS treatment had LD50 and RD50 values of 0.97 % and 1.49 % for black and 0.63 % and 1.63 % for brown genotypes. Similarly, the percentage colchicine treatment had LD50 and RD50 values of 1.65 % and 19.51 % concentrations for black and 0.91 % and 1.71 % concentrations for brown genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Twumasi
- Department of Crop Science, University of Cape Coast (UCC), Ghana
| | - Pual Agu Asare
- Department of Crop Science, University of Cape Coast (UCC), Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Afutu
- Department of Crop Science, University of Cape Coast (UCC), Ghana
| | - Godwin Amenorpe
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute (BNARI), Ghana Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC), Ghana
| | - Sylvester N.T.T. Addy
- Center for Scientific and Industrial Research – Crop Research Institute (CSIR-CRI), Fumesua, Ghana
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Basso MF, Contaldi F, Lo Celso F, Baratto CM, Grossi-de-Sa MF, Barone G, Ferrante A, Martinelli F. Identification and expression profile of the SMAX/SMXL family genes in chickpea and lentil provide important players of biotechnological interest involved in plant branching. Planta 2023; 259:1. [PMID: 37966555 PMCID: PMC10651550 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04277-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION SMAX/SMXL family genes were successfully identified and characterized in the chickpea and lentil and gene expression data revealed several genes associated with the modulation of plant branching and powerful targets for use in transgenesis and genome editing. Strigolactones (SL) play essential roles in plant growth, rooting, development, and branching, and are associated with plant resilience to abiotic and biotic stress conditions. Likewise, karrikins (KAR) are "plant smoke-derived molecules" that act in a hormonal signaling pathway similar to SL playing an important role in seed germination and hairy root elongation. The SMAX/SMXL family genes are part of these two signaling pathways, in addition to some of these members acting in a still little known SL- and KAR-independent signaling pathway. To date, the identification and functional characterization of the SMAX/SMXL family genes has not been performed in the chickpea and lentil. In this study, nine SMAX/SMXL genes were systematically identified and characterized in the chickpea and lentil, and their expression profiles were explored under different unstressless or different stress conditions. After a comprehensive in silico characterization of the genes, promoters, proteins, and protein-protein interaction network, the expression profile for each gene was determined using a meta-analysis from the RNAseq datasets and complemented with real-time PCR analysis. The expression profiles of the SMAX/SMXL family genes were very dynamic in different chickpea and lentil organs, with some genes assuming a tissue-specific expression pattern. In addition, these genes were significantly modulated by different stress conditions, indicating that SMAX/SMXL genes, although working in three distinct signaling pathways, can act to modulate plant resilience. Most CaSMAX/SMXL and partner genes such as CaTiE1 and CaLAP1, have a positive correlation with the plant branching level, while most LcSMAX/SMXL genes were less correlated with the plant branching level. The SMXL6, SMXL7, SMXL8, TiE1, LAP1, BES1, and BRC1 genes were highlighted as powerful targets for use in transgenesis and genome editing aiming to develop chickpea and lentil cultivars with improved architecture. Therefore, this study presented a detailed characterization of the SMAX/SMXL genes in the chickpea and lentil, and provided new insights for further studies focused on each SMAX/SMXL gene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felice Contaldi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Lo Celso
- Department of Physics and Chemical, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze, Edificio 17, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - César Milton Baratto
- University of Western Santa Catarina, Biotechnological Center, UNOESC, Videira, SC, 89566-252, Brazil
| | | | - Giampaolo Barone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze, Edificio 17, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Martinelli
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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11
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Li F, Chen G, Xie Q, Zhou S, Hu Z. Down-regulation of SlGT-26 gene confers dwarf plants and enhances drought and salt stress resistance in tomato. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 203:108053. [PMID: 37769452 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Plant architecture, an important agronomic trait closely associated with yield, is governed by a highly intricate molecular network. Despite extensive research, many mysteries surrounding this regulation remain unresolved. Trihelix transcription factor family plays a crucial role in the development of plant morphology and abiotic stresses. Here, we identified a novel trihelix transcription factor named SlGT-26, and its down-regulation led to significant alterations in plant architecture, including dwarfing, reduced internode length, smaller leaves, and shorter petioles. The dwarf phenotype of SlGT-26 silenced transgenic plants could be recovered after spraying exogenous GA3, and the GA3 content were decreased in the RNAi plants. Additionally, the expression levels of gibberellin-related genes were affected in the RNAi lines. These results indicate that the dwarf of SlGT-26-RNAi plants may be a kind of GA3-sensitive dwarf. SlGT-26 was response to drought and salt stress treatments. SlGT-26-RNAi transgenic plants demonstrated significantly enhanced drought resistance and salt tolerance in comparison to their wild-type tomato counterparts. SlGT-26-RNAi transgenic plants grew better, had higher relative water content and lower MDA and H2O2 contents. The expression of multiple stress-related genes was also up-regulated. In summary, we have discovered a novel gene, SlGT-26, which plays a crucial role in regulating plant architecture and in respond to drought and salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Li
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Guoping Chen
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Qiaoli Xie
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Shengen Zhou
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Zongli Hu
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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12
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Dou J, Kang Q, Li T, Umer MJ, Alharthi B, Liu D, Yang S, Niu H, Ma C, Zhu H, Yang L. Construction and application of a new watermelon germplasm with the phenotype of dwarf and branchless. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:310. [PMID: 37743454 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is a widely cultivated cucurbitaceae crop appreciated by consumers worldwide. However, the long vine and abundant lateral branches of currently cultivated watermelon varieties hinder light simplification and mechanized cultivation, affecting plant spacing and row spacing requirements. To address this, the development of watermelon with dwarf and branchless traits has become a crucial direction for the industry. In previous studies, the genes controlling dwarf (Cldw-1) and branchless (Clbl) traits were mapped and cloned. Marker-assisted selection markers, dCAPS3 and dCAPS10, were developed for these traits, respectively. In this study, the dwarf germplasm WM102 and the branchless germplasm WCZ were crossed to obtain F1 .Further self-crossing of the F1 individuals resulted in the F2 population. Through multiple generations of self-pollination, a new watermelon germplasm DM with double mutation (dwarf and branchless) was obtained. DM exhibited stable inheritance without segregation. Moreover, DM was used as a donor parent for crossing with commercial watermelon materials, and near-isogenic lines (NILs) with the dwarf and branchless traits were developed. These NILs carry additional desirable agronomic traits and provide valuable genetic resources for future watermelon breeding programs, particularly in improving plant architecture and overall quality. The development and application of DM and NILs hold great potential for advancing the watermelon industry toward industrialization, large-scale cultivation, and enhanced plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Dou
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Ping'an Avenue No.218, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Qishuai Kang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Ping'an Avenue No.218, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Tengwei Li
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Ping'an Avenue No.218, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Muhammad Jawad Umer
- Cotton Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huanghe Avenue No.38, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Badr Alharthi
- Department of Biology, University College of Al Khurmah, Taif University, Box 11099, Taif, PO, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dongming Liu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Ping'an Avenue No.218, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Sen Yang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Ping'an Avenue No.218, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Huanhuan Niu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Ping'an Avenue No.218, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Changsheng Ma
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Ping'an Avenue No.218, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Huayu Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Ping'an Avenue No.218, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Luming Yang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Ping'an Avenue No.218, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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13
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Ma B, Zhu J, Huang X. Diversification of plant SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (SMAX1)-like genes and genome-wide identification and characterization of cotton SMXL gene family. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:419. [PMID: 37691127 PMCID: PMC10494346 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strigolactones (SLs) are a recently discovered class of plant hormones. SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (SMAX1)-like proteins, key component of the SL signaling pathway, have been studied extensively for their roles in regulating plant growth and development, such as plant branching. However, systematic identification and functional characterization of SMXL genes in cotton (Gossypium sp.), an important fiber and oil crop, has rarely been conducted. RESULTS We identified 210 SMXL genes from 21 plant genomes and examined their evolutionary relationships. The structural characteristics of the SMXL genes and their encoded proteins exhibited both consistency and diversity. All plant SMXL proteins possess a conserved Clp-N domain, P-loop NTPase, and EAR motif. We identified 63 SMXL genes in cotton and classified these into four evolutionary branches. Gene expression analysis revealed tissue-specific expression patterns of GhSMXL genes, with some upregulated in response to GR24 treatment. Protein co-expression network analysis showed that GhSMXL6, GhSMXL7-1, and GhSMXL7-2 mainly interact with proteins functioning in growth and development, while virus-induced gene silencing revealed that GhSMAX1-1 and GhSMAX1-2 suppress the growth and development of axillary buds. CONCLUSIONS SMXL gene family members show evolutionary diversification through the green plant lineage. GhSMXL6/7-1/7-2 genes play critical roles in the SL signaling pathway, while GhSMXL1-1 and GhSMXL1-2 function redundantly in growth of axillary buds. Characterization of the cotton SMXL gene family provides new insights into their roles in responding to SL signals and in plant growth and development. Genes identified in this study could be used as the candidate genes for improvement of plant architecture and crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Jianbo Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Xianzhong Huang
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China.
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14
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Song S, Dossou SSK, Meng M, Sheng C, Li H, Zhou R, Li D, Xu P, You J, Wang L. Five improved sesame reference genomes and genome resequencing unveil the contribution of structural variants to genetic diversity and yield-related traits variation. Plant Biotechnol J 2023; 21:1722-1724. [PMID: 37306179 PMCID: PMC10440982 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Song
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Senouwa Segla Koffi Dossou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Minghui Meng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Chen Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Huan Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Rong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Donghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Pan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Jun You
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Linhai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhanHubeiChina
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15
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Wang JY, Chen GTE, Braguy J, Jamil M, Berqdar L, Al-Babili S. Disruption of the cytochrome CYP711A5 gene reveals MAX1 redundancy in rice strigolactone biosynthesis. J Plant Physiol 2023; 287:154057. [PMID: 37531662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) inhibit shoot branching/tillering and are secreted by plant roots as a signal to attract symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere, particularly under phosphate starvation. However, SLs are also hijacked by root parasitic weeds as inducer for the germination of their seeds. There are around 35 natural SLs divided, based on their structures, into canonical and non-canonical SLs. Cytochrome P450 enzymes of the 711 clade, such as MORE AXILLARY GROWTH1 (MAX1) in Arabidopsis, are a major driver of SL structural diversity. Monocots, such as rice, contain several MAX1 homologs that participate in SL biosynthesis. To investigate the function of OsMAX1-1900 in planta, we generated CRISPR/Cas9 mutants disrupted in the corresponding gene. Characterizing of the generated mutants at metabolite and phenotype level suggests that OsMAX1-1900 loss-of-function does neither affect the SL pattern nor rice architecture, indicating functional redundancy among rice MAX1 homologs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian You Wang
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guan-Ting Erica Chen
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia; The Plant Science Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia
| | - Justine Braguy
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamis Berqdar
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia; The Plant Science Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia.
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16
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Zhao H, Fu Y, Zhang G, Luo Y, Yang W, Liang X, Yin L, Zheng Z, Wang Y, Li Z, Zhu H, Huang J, Tan Q, Bu S, Liu G, Wang S, Liu Z. GS6.1 controls kernel size and plant architecture in rice. Planta 2023; 258:42. [PMID: 37432475 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION A novel QTL GS6.1 increases yield per plant by controlling kernel size, plant architecture, and kernel filling in rice. Kernel size and plant architecture are critical agronomic traits that greatly influence kernel yield in rice. Using the single-segment substitution lines (SSSLs) with an indica cultivar Huajingxian74 as a recipient parent and American Jasmine as a donor parent, we identified a novel quantitative trait locus (QTL), named GS6.1. Near isogenic line-GS6.1 (NIL-GS6.1) produces long and narrow kernels by regulating cell length and width in the spikelet hulls, thus increasing the 1000-kernel weight. Compared with the control, the plant height, panicles per plant, panicle length, kernels per plant, secondary branches per panicle, and yield per plant of NIL-GS6.1 are increased. In addition, GS6.1 regulates the kernel filling rate. GS6.1 controls kernel size by modulating the transcription levels of part of EXPANSINs, kernel filling-related genes, and kernel size-related genes. These results indicate that GS6.1 might be beneficial for improving kernel yield and plant architecture in rice breeding by molecular design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Guiquan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingqin Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Weifeng Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoya Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenwu Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Haitao Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinyan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Quanya Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Suhong Bu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Guifu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaokui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zupei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
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17
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Abstract
Shoot architecture refers to the three-dimensional body plan of the above ground organs of the plant. The patterning of this body plan results from the tight genetic control of the size and maintenance of meristems, the initiation of axillary growth, and the timing of developmental phase transition. Variation in shoot architecture can result in dramatic differences in plant productivity and/or grain yield due to their effects on light interception, photosynthetic efficiency, response to agronomic inputs, and environmental adaptation. The fine-tuning of shoot architecture has consequently been of great interest to plant breeders, driving the need for deeper understanding of the genes and molecular mechanisms governing these traits. In soybean, the world's most important oil and protein crop, major components of shoot architecture include stem growth habit, plant height, branch angle, branch number, leaf petiole angle, and the size and shape of leaves. Key genes underlying some of these traits have been identified to integrate hormonal, developmental, and environmental signals modulating the growth and orientation of shoot organs. Here we summarize the current knowledge and recent advances in the understanding of the genetic control of these important architectural traits in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chancelor B. Clark
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, 915 W Mitch Daniels Blvd, West Lafayette, 47907 IN USA
| | - Jianxin Ma
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, 915 W Mitch Daniels Blvd, West Lafayette, 47907 IN USA
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
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18
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Kong K, Xu M, Xu Z, Lv W, Lv P, Begum N, Liu B, Liu B, Zhao T. Dysfunction of GmVPS8a causes compact plant architecture in soybean. Plant Sci 2023; 331:111677. [PMID: 36931563 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Vacuolar Protein Sorting 8 (Vps8) protein is a specific subunit of the class C core vacuole/endosome tethering (CORVET) complex that plays a key role in endosomal trafficking in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). However, its functions remain largely unclear in plant vegetative growth. Here, we identified a soybean (Glycine max) T4219 mutant characterized with compact plant architecture. Map-based cloning targeted to a candidate gene GmVPS8a (Glyma.07g049700) and further found that two nucleotides deletion in the first exon of GmVPS8a causes a premature termination of the encoded protein in the T4219 mutant. Its functions were validated by CRISPR/Cas9-engineered mutation in the GmVPS8a gene that recapitulated the T4219 mutant phenotypes. Furthermore, NbVPS8a-silenced tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) plants exhibited similar phenotypes to the T4219 mutant, suggesting its conserved roles in plant growth. The GmVPS8a is widely expressed in multiple organs and its protein interacts with GmAra6a and GmRab5a. Combined analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data revealed that dysfunction of GmVPS8a mainly affects pathways on auxin signal transduction, sugar transport and metabolism, and lipid metabolism. Collectively, our work reveals the function of GmVPS8a in plant architecture, which may extend a new way for genetic improvement of ideal plant-architecture breeding in soybean and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Kong
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, National Center for Soybean Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture), National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mengge Xu
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, National Center for Soybean Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture), National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhiyong Xu
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, National Center for Soybean Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture), National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenhuan Lv
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, National Center for Soybean Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture), National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Peiyun Lv
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, National Center for Soybean Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture), National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Naheeda Begum
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, National Center for Soybean Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture), National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bingqiang Liu
- National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, North China Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Hebei, Cereal & Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bin Liu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Tuanjie Zhao
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, National Center for Soybean Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture), National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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19
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Yang X, Yang G, Wei X, Huang W, Fang Z. OsAAP15, an amino acid transporter in response to nitrogen concentration, mediates panicle branching and grain yield in rice. Plant Sci 2023; 330:111640. [PMID: 36804388 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
N is essential for plant architecture, particularly tillering. However, whether and how N mediates panicle branching and influences rice grain yield remains unclear. In order to identify genes and pathways associated with N-regulated panicle branching, we treated rice with different concentrations of N to determine the key genes by transcriptomic analysis and function verification. We measured panicle growth in response to N, and found that panicle branching benefits from 2 mM exogenous N, and 2-5 mM N is essential for vascular bundle, phloem, and xylem development in these branches. Interestingly, total N concentrations increased continuously with N 0-2 mM and decreased continuously with N 5-15 mM, whereas the concentrations of amino acids Tyr and Val increased continuously with N 0-15 mM in the panicle. Furthermore, N metabolism, phytohormone signal transduction, stress response, and photosynthesis pathways play important roles in response to nitrogen of regulating panicle branching. Altered expression of key N-response amino acid transporter gene OsAAP15 positively regulated panicle branching at low N concentrations, however, OsAAP15 negatively influenced it at high N concentrations. Overexpression of OsAAP15 in the field significantly increased primary and secondary branches, filled grain number, and grain yield by regulating the concentrations of amino acids Tyr and Val in the panicle. Taken together, OsAAP15, an amino acid transporter in response to nitrogen concentration, could mediate panicle branching and grain yield, and it may have applications in rice breeding to improve grain yield under extreme N concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyan Yang
- Institute of Rice Industry Technology Research, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guo Yang
- Institute of Rice Industry Technology Research, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xilin Wei
- Institute of Rice Industry Technology Research, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Weiting Huang
- Institute of Rice Industry Technology Research, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhongming Fang
- Institute of Rice Industry Technology Research, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Xu D, Bian Y, Luo X, Jia C, Hao Q, Tian X, Cao Q, Chen W, Ma W, Ni Z, Fu X, He Z, Xia X, Cao S. Dissecting pleiotropic functions of the wheat Green Revolution gene Rht-B1b in plant morphogenesis and yield formation. Development 2023; 150:306970. [PMID: 37039060 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of reduced plant height genes Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b encoding homeologous DELLA proteins led to the wheat Green Revolution (GR). However, the specific functions of the GR genes in yield determination and the underlying regulatory mechanisms remained unknown. Here we validated that Rht-B1b as a representative of the GR genes affected plant architecture and yield component traits. The up-regulation of Rht-B1b reduced plant height, leaf size and grain weight, but increased tiller number, tiller angle, spike number per unit area (SN), and grain number per spike (GNS). Dynamic investigations showed that Rht-B1b increased SN by improving tillering initiation not outgrowth and enhanced GNS by promoting floret fertility. Rht-B1b reduced plant height by reducing cell size in the internodes, and reduced grain size or weight by decreasing cell number in the pericarp. Transcriptome analyses uncovered that Rht-B1b regulated many homologs of previously reported key genes for given traits and several putative integrators for different traits. These findings specify the pleiotropic functions of Rht-B1b in improving yield and broaden new insights into the regulatory mechanism underlying plant morphogenesis and yield formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengan Xu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yingjie Bian
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xumei Luo
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chenfei Jia
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qianlin Hao
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiuling Tian
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qiang Cao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wujun Ma
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Xiangdong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhonghu He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xianchun Xia
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shuanghe Cao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
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21
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Nie WF, Li Y, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Yu T, Zhou Y, Yang Y. Spectral light quality regulates the morphogenesis, architecture, and flowering in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). J Photochem Photobiol B 2023; 241:112673. [PMID: 36889195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Transparent plastic films with poor light transmittance seriously affect the mass composition of visible light in many greenhouses, which leads to the reduction of photosynthesis in vegetable crops. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of monochromatic light in the vegetative and reproductive growth of vegetable crops is of great importance for the application of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in the greenhouse. In this study, three monochromatic light treatments (red-, green- and blue-light) were simulated by using LEDs to explore light quality-dependent regulation from the stage of seedling to flowering in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). The results showed that light quality-dependent regulation guides the growth and morphogenesis in pepper plants. Red- and blue-light played opposite roles in determining the plant height, stomatal density, axillary bud growth, photosynthetic characteristics, flowering time and hormone metabolism, while green light treatment resulted in taller plants and fewer branches, which was similar to the red-light treatment. The weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) based on mRNA-seq results revealed that the two modules named "MEred" and "MEmidnightblue" were positively correlated with red- and blue-light treatment, respectively, exhibiting high correlations with the traits such as plant hormone content, branching and flowering. Moreover, our results suggest that the light response factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) is essential for blue light-induced plant growth and development by regulating photosynthesis in pepper plants. Hence, this study uncovers crucial molecular mechanisms of how light quality determines the morphogenesis, architecture, and flowering in pepper plants, thus providing a basic concept of manipulating light quality to regulate pepper plant growth and flowering under greenhouse conditions.
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Saeed F, Sun S, Rodriguez-Sanchez J, Snider J, Liu T, Li C. Cotton plant part 3D segmentation and architectural trait extraction using point voxel convolutional neural networks. Plant Methods 2023; 19:33. [PMID: 36991422 PMCID: PMC10061860 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-00996-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant architecture can influence crop yield and quality. Manual extraction of architectural traits is, however, time-consuming, tedious, and error prone. The trait estimation from 3D data addresses occlusion issues with the availability of depth information while deep learning approaches enable learning features without manual design. The goal of this study was to develop a data processing workflow by leveraging 3D deep learning models and a novel 3D data annotation tool to segment cotton plant parts and derive important architectural traits. RESULTS The Point Voxel Convolutional Neural Network (PVCNN) combining both point- and voxel-based representations of 3D data shows less time consumption and better segmentation performance than point-based networks. Results indicate that the best mIoU (89.12%) and accuracy (96.19%) with average inference time of 0.88 s were achieved through PVCNN, compared to Pointnet and Pointnet++. On the seven derived architectural traits from segmented parts, an R2 value of more than 0.8 and mean absolute percentage error of less than 10% were attained. CONCLUSION This plant part segmentation method based on 3D deep learning enables effective and efficient architectural trait measurement from point clouds, which could be useful to advance plant breeding programs and characterization of in-season developmental traits. The plant part segmentation code is available at https://github.com/UGA-BSAIL/plant_3d_deep_learning .
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Saeed
- School of Computing, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Shangpeng Sun
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - John Snider
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, University of Georgia, Tifton, Georgia, USA
| | - Tianming Liu
- School of Computing, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Changying Li
- School of Computing, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
- College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
- Bio-Sensing, Automation & Intelligence Laboratory, Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, University of Florida, 223 Frazier Rogers Hall, 1741 Museum Road, PO Box 110570, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-0570, USA.
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Lu H, Chen L, Du M, Lu H, Liu J, Ye S, Tao B, Li R, Zhao L, Wen J, Yi B, Tu J, Fu T, Shen J. miR319 and its target TCP4 involved in plant architecture regulation in Brassica napus. Plant Sci 2023; 326:111531. [PMID: 36343867 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant architecture is a collection of genetically controlled crop productivity and adaptation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been proved to function in various biological processes, but little is known about how miRNA regulates plant architecture in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). In this study, four small RNA libraries and two degradome libraries from shoot apex of normal and rod-like plants were sequenced. A total of 639 miRNA precursors and 16 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in this study. In addition, 322 targets were identified through degradome sequencing. Among them, 14 targets were further validated via RNA ligase-mediated 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Transgenic approach showed that increased TCP4 activity in Arabidopsis resulted in premature onset of maturation and reduced plant size along with early flowering and shortened flowering time. miR319-OE lines in Brassica napus exhibited serrated leaves and abnormal development of shoot apical meristem (SAM), which led to the deformed growth of stem and reduced plant height. In conclusion, our study lays the foundation for elucidating miRNA regulate plant architecture and provides new insight into the miR319/TCP4 module regulates plant architecture in rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchen Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengjie Du
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiqin Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shenhua Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Baolong Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rihui Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lun Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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Berry HM, Argueso CT. More than growth: Phytohormone-regulated transcription factors controlling plant immunity, plant development and plant architecture. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2022; 70:102309. [PMID: 36344376 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Activation of immunity by exogenous signals or mutations leading to autoimmunity has long been associated with decreased plant growth, known as the growth-defense tradeoff. Originally thought to be a redirection of metabolic resources towards defense and away from growth, recent studies have demonstrated that growth and defense can be uncoupled, indicating that metabolic regulation is not solely responsible for the growth-defense tradeoff. Immunity activation has effects on plant development beyond the reduction of plant biomass, including changes in plant architecture. Phytohormone signaling pathways, and crosstalk between these pathways, are responsible for regulating plant growth and development, and plant defense responses. Here we review the hormonal regulation of transcription factors that play roles in both defense and development, with a focus on their effects on plant architecture, and suggest the targeting of these transcription factors to increase plant immunity and change plant growth and form for enhancement of agronomical traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Berry
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Cristiana T Argueso
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Strydom T, Kraaij T, Grobler BA, Cowling RM. Canopy plant composition and structure of Cape subtropical dune thicket are predicted by the levels of fire exposure. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14310. [PMID: 36389405 PMCID: PMC9651048 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The subtropical dune thicket (hereafter "dune thicket") of the Cape Floristic Region experiences a wide range of fire exposure throughout the landscape, unlike other dry rainforest formations that rarely experience fire. We sought to determine how fire exposure influences species composition and the architectural composition of dune thicket. Methods We used multivariate analysis and diversity indices based on cover abundance of species to describe the species composition, architectural guild composition and structure of dune thicket sites subject to different levels of fire exposure, namely low (fire return interval of >100 years), moderate (fire return interval of 50-100 years), and high (fire return interval of 10-50 years). Results The diversity, cover abundance and architectural guild cover abundance of dune thicket canopy species were strongly influenced by the level of fire exposure such that each level was associated with a well-circumscribed vegetation unit. Dune thickets subject to low fire exposure comprises a floristically distinct, low forest characterized by shrubs with one-to-few upright stems (ca. 4-8 m tall) and a relatively small canopy spread (vertical growers). Of the 25 species in this unit, 40% were restricted to it. Dune thickets subject to moderate fire exposure had the highest abundance of lateral spreaders, which are multi-stemmed (ca. 3-6 m tall) species with a large canopy spread and lower stature than vertical growers. None of the 17 species found in this unit was restricted to it. Dune thickets subject to high fire exposure had the highest abundance of hedge-forming shrubs, these being low shrubs (ca. 0.6-1.4 m tall), with numerous shoots arising from an extensive system of below-ground stems. Of the 20 species in this unit, 40% were restricted to it. Multivariate analysis identified three floristic units corresponding to the three fire exposure regimes. Compositional structure, in terms of species and architectural guilds, was most distinctive for dune thickets subject to high and low fire exposure, while the dune thicket subject to moderate fire exposure showed greatest compositional overlap with the other units. Conclusion Fire exposure profoundly influenced the composition and structure of dune thicket canopy species in the Cape Floristic Region. In the prolonged absence of fire, the thicket is invaded by vertical-growing species that overtop and outcompete the multi-stemmed, laterally-spreading shrubs that dominate this community. Regular exposure to fire selects for traits that enable thicket species to rapidly compete for canopy cover post-fire via the prolific production of resprouts from basal buds below- and above-ground. The trade-off is that plant height is constrained, as proportionately more resources are allocated to below-ground biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiaan Strydom
- Department of Conservation Management, Natural Resource Science and Management Cluster, Faculty of Science, Nelson Mandela University, George, Western Cape, South Africa,African Centre for Coastal Palaeoscience, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Tineke Kraaij
- Department of Conservation Management, Natural Resource Science and Management Cluster, Faculty of Science, Nelson Mandela University, George, Western Cape, South Africa,African Centre for Coastal Palaeoscience, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - B. Adriaan Grobler
- African Centre for Coastal Palaeoscience, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Richard M. Cowling
- African Centre for Coastal Palaeoscience, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, Eastern Cape, South Africa
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Li Z, Pi Y, Zhai C, Xu D, Ma W, Chen H, Li Y, Wu H. The strigolactone receptor SlDWARF14 plays a role in photosynthetic pigment accumulation and photosynthesis in tomato. Plant Cell Rep 2022; 41:2089-2105. [PMID: 35907035 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02908-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tomato DWARF14 regulates the development of roots, shoot branches and leaves, and also plays a role in photosynthetic pigment accumulation and photosynthetic capacity. Strigolactones (SLs) are a novel class of plant hormones. DWARF14 (D14) is the only SL receptor identified to date, but it is not functionally analyzed in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). In the present study, we identified the potential SL receptor in tomato by bioinformatic analysis, which was designated as SlD14. SlD14 was expressed in roots, stems, flowers and developing fruits, with the highest expression level in leaves. sld14 mutant plants produced by the CRISPR/Cas9 system displayed reduced plant height and root biomass, increased shoot branching and altered leaf shape comparing with WT plants. The cytokinin biosynthetic gene ISOPENTENYLTRANSFERASE 3 (SlIPT3), auxin biosynthetic genes FLOOZY (SlFZY) and TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE RELATED 1 (SlTAR1) and several auxin transport genes SlPINs, which are involved in branch formation, showed higher expression levels in the sld14 plant stem. In addition, sld14 plants exhibited light-green leaves, reduced chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, abnormal chloroplast structure and reduced photosynthetic capacity. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the transcript levels of six chlorophyll biosynthetic genes, three carotenoid biosynthetic genes and numerous chlorophyll a/b-binding protein genes were decreased in sld14 plants. These results suggest that tomato SL receptor gene SlD14 not only regulates the development of roots, shoot branches and leaves, but also plays a role in regulating photosynthetic pigment accumulation and photosynthetic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ying Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Changsheng Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenyao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Han Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Cheng F, Song M, Zhang M, Cheng C, Chen J, Lou Q. A SNP mutation in the CsCLAVATA1 leads to pleiotropic variation in plant architecture and fruit morphogenesis in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Plant Sci 2022; 323:111397. [PMID: 35902027 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant architectures is predominantly determined by branching pattern, internode elongation, phyllotaxis, shoot determinacy and reproductive organs. Domestication or improvement of this critical agronomic trait played an important role in the breakthrough of crop yield. Here, we identified a mutant with fasciated plant architecture, named fas, from an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) induced mutant population in cucumber. The mutant exhibited abnormal phyllotaxy, flattened main stem, increased number of floral organs, and significantly shorter and thicker fruits. However, the molecular mechanism conferring this pleiotropic effect remains unknown. Using a map-based cloning strategy, we isolated the gene CsaV3_3G045960, encoding a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase, a putative direct homolog of the Arabidopsis CLAVATA1 protein referred to as CsCLV1. Endogenous hormone assays showed that IAA and GA3 levels in fas stems and ovaries were significantly reduced. Conformably, RNA-seq analysis showed that CsCLV1 regulates cucumber stem and ovary development by coordinating hormones and transcription factors. Our results contribute to the understanding of the function of CsCLV1 throughout the growth cycle, provide new evidence that the CLV signaling system is functionally conserved in Cucurbitaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Mengfei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Mengru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Chunyan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Qunfeng Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Luthardt L, Merbitz M, Fridland E, Rößler R. Upside-down in volcanic ash: crown reconstruction of the early Permian seed fern Medullosa stellata with attached foliated fronds. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13051. [PMID: 35341054 PMCID: PMC8953532 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of fossil floras through geological time is mainly based on various differently preserved plant parts, often found isolated under restricted taphonomic circumstances. Preservation of whole plants is exceptionally rare in the geological record but provides the most reliable proof of ancient plants, especially those lacking a nearest living relative like the late Paleozoic pteridosperms. Among them, the medullosan seed ferns represent the largest and most essential systematic group. Medullosaleans are well known from the large Euramerican tropical swamp forests of Carboniferous age, but also from seasonally dry, clastic-soil habitats of Late Pennsylvanian-early Permian intramontane basins in central Europe. An exceptional taphonomic window that offered three-dimensional preservation of early Permian plants is located in Chemnitz, eastern Germany. Here, a forest ecosystem had been buried by pyroclastic deposits in a geological instant, 291 ± 2 Ma ago. Medullosaleans are both abundant and diverse in this striking autochthonous assemblage. The upper part of a Medullosa stellata var. typica individual broke at its top resulting from the overload of volcanic ash and was buried upside-down in the basal pyroclastics. The tree crown consists of the anatomically preserved apical stem, ten attached Alethopteris schneideri foliated fronds with Myeloxylon-type petioles and rachises. Though already discovered during the scientific excavation in 2010, the remarkable find required several years of preparation work, documentation, and reconstruction. The fronds were up to 3.5 m long, bifurcating, and bore numerous bipinnately compound pinnae preserved pulvinated in life position. The apical stem vascular system consists of a cylindrical peripheral vascular segment and up to 87 central accessory strands, each surrounded by manoxylic wood and secondary phloem. The reconstructed tree is supposed to have been self-supporting and of slender stature. Its architectural model is comparable to modern tree ferns or cycads and adapted to have grown in light-deficient lower-storey (sub-) tropical forests, usually not exceeding 15 m in height. Apical meristematic growth dominated, whereas only minor secondary growth occurred during ontogenesis. The densely attached frond bases followed a 3/8 phyllotaxis and were most likely abscised shortly after becoming photosynthetically inactive. A high water-conducting potential is assumed due to the tree's cauline, petiolar and leaf vascular anatomies. Concerning the extensive leaf surface of the densely foliated fronds, considerable transpiration is hypothesised. Alethopteris schneideri foliage is stratigraphically significant for lower Permian (Asselian-Sakmarian) continental strata of central Europe, preferring habitats of wet clastic soils in sub-humid, seasonal palaeoclimate. The new insights provide a substantial step towards the first whole-plant concept of intramontane medullosaleans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Luthardt
- Department of Diversity Dynamics, Museum für Naturkunde Berlin-Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Sciences, Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Ronny Rößler
- Museum für Naturkunde, Chemnitz, Saxony, Germany,Institute of Geology, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Saxony, Germany
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Jin Y, Li J, Zhu Q, Du X, Liu F, Li Y, Ahmar S, Zhang X, Sun J, Xue F. GhAPC8 regulates leaf blade angle by modulating multiple hormones in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 195:217-228. [PMID: 34896470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Leaf angle, including leaf petiole angle (LPA) and leaf blade angle (LBA), is an important trait affecting plant architecture. Anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) genes play a vital role in plant growth and development, including regulation of leaf angle. Here, we identified and characterized the APC genes in Upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.) with a focus on GhAPC8, a homolog of soybean GmILPA1 involved in regulation of LPA. We showed that independently silencing the At or Dt sub-genome homoeolog of GhAPC8 using virus-induced gene silencing reduced plant height and LBA, and that reduction of LBA could be caused by uneven growth of cortex parenchyma cells on the adaxial and abaxial sides of the junction between leaf blade and leaf petiole. The junction between leaf blade and leaf petiole of the GhAPC8-silenced plants had an elevated level of brassinosteroid (BR) and a decreased levels of auxin and gibberellin. Consistently, comparative transcriptome analysis found that silencing GhAPC8 activated genes of the BR biosynthesis and signaling pathways as well as genes related to ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified gene modules significantly associated with plant height and LBA, and candidate genes bridging GhAPC8, the pathways of BR biosynthesis and signaling and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. These results demonstrated a role of GhAPC8 in regulating LBA, likely achieved by modulating the accumulation and signaling of multiple phytohormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000 Xinjiang, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000 Xinjiang, China
| | - Qianhao Zhu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Xin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000 Xinjiang, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000 Xinjiang, China
| | - Sunny Ahmar
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000 Xinjiang, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000 Xinjiang, China.
| | - Fei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000 Xinjiang, China.
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Pandey P, Young S. Design Considerations for In-Field Measurement of Plant Architecture Traits Using Ground-Based Platforms. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2539:171-190. [PMID: 35895204 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2537-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This work provides a high-level overview of system design considerations for measuring plant architecture traits in row crops using ground-based, mobile platforms. High-throughput phenotyping technologies are commonly deployed in isolated growth chambers or greenhouses; however, there is a need for field-based systems to measure large quantities of plants exposed to natural climates throughout a growing season. High-throughput methods using ground-based mobile systems collect valuable phenotypic information at higher temporal resolutions compared to manual methods (e.g., handheld calipers and measuring sticks). Additionally, the close proximity to plants when using ground-based systems compared to aerial platforms enables plant phenotyping at the organ level. While there is no single best platform for obtaining ground-based plant measurements across crop varieties with different planting configurations, there are a wide range of off-the-shelf systems and sensors that can be integrated to accommodate varying row widths, plant spacing, plant heights, and plot sizes, in addition to emerging commercially available platforms. This chapter will provide an overview of sensor types suitable for phenotyping plant size and shape, as well as provide guidance for deployment with ground-based systems, including push carts or buggies, modified tractors, and robotic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Pandey
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Sierra Young
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.
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Zhou Q, Shi J, Li Z, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhang J, Bao M, Liu G. miR156/157 Targets SPLs to Regulate Flowering Transition, Plant Architecture and Flower Organ Size in Petunia. Plant Cell Physiol 2021; 62:839-857. [PMID: 33768247 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
miR156/157 plays multiple pivotal roles during plant growth and development. In this study, we identified 11 miR156- and 5 miR157-encoding loci from the genome of Petunia axillaris and Petunia inflata, designated as PaMIR0156/157s and PiMIR0156/157s, respectively. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that PhmiR156/157 was expressed predominantly in cotyledons, germinating seeds, flower buds, young fruits and seedlings. PhmiR156/157 levels declined in shoot apical buds and leaves of petunia before flowering as the plant ages; moreover, the temporal expression patterns of most miR156/157-targeted PhSPLs were complementary to that of PhmiR156/157. Ectopic expression of PhMIR0157a in Arabidopsis and petunia resulted in delayed flowering, dwarf plant stature, increased branches and reduced organ size. However, PhMIR0156f-overexpressing Arabidopsis and petunia plants showed only delayed flowering. In addition, downregulation of PhmiR156/157 level by overexpressing STTM156/157 led to taller plants with less branches, longer internodes and precocious flowering. qRT-PCR analysis indicated that PhmiR156/157 modulates these traits mainly by downregulating their PhSPL targets and subsequently decreasing the expression of flowering regulatory genes. Our results demonstrate that the PhmiR156/157-PhSPL module has conserved but also divergent functions in growth and development, which will help us decipher the genetic basis for the improvement of flower transition, plant architecture and organ development in petunia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education; College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiewei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education; College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhineng Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions, Ministry of Education; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Sisi Zhang
- Wuhan Institute of Landscape Architecture, Peace Avenue No. 1240, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education; College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education; College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Manzhu Bao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education; College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guofeng Liu
- Department of Botany, Guangzhou Institute of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangzhou 510405, China
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Huang X, Hilscher J, Stoger E, Christou P, Zhu C. Modification of cereal plant architecture by genome editing to improve yields. Plant Cell Rep 2021; 40:953-978. [PMID: 33559722 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02668-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We summarize recent genome editing studies that have focused on the examination (or reexamination) of plant architectural phenotypes in cereals and the modification of these traits for crop improvement. Plant architecture is defined as the three-dimensional organization of the entire plant. Shoot architecture refers to the structure and organization of the aboveground components of a plant, reflecting the developmental patterning of stems, branches, leaves and inflorescences/flowers. Root system architecture is essentially determined by four major shape parameters-growth, branching, surface area and angle. Interest in plant architecture has arisen from the profound impact of many architectural traits on agronomic performance, and the genetic and hormonal regulation of these traits which makes them sensitive to both selective breeding and agronomic practices. This is particularly important in staple crops, and a large body of literature has, therefore, accumulated on the control of architectural phenotypes in cereals, particularly rice due to its twin role as one of the world's most important food crops as well as a model organism in plant biology and biotechnology. These studies have revealed many of the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of tiller/axillary branching, stem height, leaf and flower development, root architecture and the grain characteristics that ultimately help to determine yield. The advent of genome editing has made it possible, for the first time, to introduce precise mutations into cereal crops to optimize their architecture and close in on the concept of the ideotype. In this review, we consider recent genome editing studies that have focused on the examination (or reexamination) of plant architectural phenotypes in cereals and the modification of these traits for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Julia Hilscher
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Stoger
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Christou
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- ICREA, Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Changfu Zhu
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
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Wang S, Guo T, Shen Y, Wang Z, Kang J, Zhang J, Yi F, Yang Q, Long R. Overexpression of MtRAV3 enhances osmotic and salt tolerance and inhibits growth of Medicago truncatula. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 163:154-165. [PMID: 33845331 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Related to ABI3/VP1 (RAV) transcription factors play important roles in regulating plant growth and stress tolerance, which have been studied in many plant species, but have remained largely unidentified in legumes. To functionally characterize RAV in legumes, MtRAV3 from legume model plant Medicago truncatula was isolated and its function was investigated by overexpressing MtRAV3 in M. truncatula. Expression analysis demonstrated that MtRAV3 was markedly induced by NaCl and polyethylene glycol (PEG). MtRAV3 overexpression enhanced tolerance of transgenic M. truncatula to mannitol, drought and salt stresses, and induced the expression of adversity-related genes, including MtWRKY76, MtMYB61, cold-acclimation specific protein 31 (MtCAS31), alternative oxidase 1 (MtAOX1) and ethylene response factor 1 (MtERF1). There were lower relative electrolyte leakage and higher chlorophyll content of leaves in the MtRAV3 overexpression plants than in wild type plants under both salt and drought stress. MtRAV3 overexpression M. truncatula were featured by some phenotypes of dwarfing, late flowering, more branches, smaller flower and leaf organs. Further investigations showed that the expression levels of DWARF14 (MtD14), CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASES 7 (MtCCD7) and GA3-oxidase1 (MtGA3ox1), which related to dwarf and branch phenotype, were obviously reduced, as well as MtGA3ox1' (MTR_1g011580), GA20-oxidase1 (MtGA20ox1), MtGA20ox1' (MTR_1g102070) and GA20-oxidase2 (MtGA20ox2) involved in gibberellins (GAs) pathway. Overall, our results revealed that MtRAV3 exerted an important role in adversity response and plant growth, was a multifunctional gene in M. truncatula, which provided reference for genetic improvement of alfalfa (Medicago sativa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China; College of Agro-grassland Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Tao Guo
- College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yixin Shen
- College of Agro-grassland Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junmei Kang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiaju Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fengyan Yi
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Qingchuan Yang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Ruicai Long
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Gioppato HA, Dornelas MC. Plant design gets its details: Modulating plant architecture by phase transitions. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 163:1-14. [PMID: 33799013 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants evolved different strategies to better adapt to the environmental conditions in which they live: the control of their body architecture and the timing of phase change are two important processes that can improve their fitness. As they age, plants undergo two major phase changes (juvenile to adult and adult to reproductive) that are a response to environmental and endogenous signals. These phase transitions are accompanied by alterations in plant morphology and also by changes in physiology and the behavior of gene regulatory networks. Six main pathways involving environmental and endogenous cues that crosstalk with each other have been described as responsible for the control of plant phase transitions: the photoperiod pathway, the autonomous pathway, the vernalization pathway, the temperature pathway, the GA pathway, and the age pathway. However, studies have revealed that sugar is also involved in phase change and the control of branching behavior. In this review, we discuss recent advances in plant biology concerning the genetic and molecular mechanisms that allow plants to regulate phase transitions in response to the environment. We also propose connections between phase transition and plant architecture control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Augusto Gioppato
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Biology Institute, Plant Biology Department, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255 CEP 13, 083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Carnier Dornelas
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Biology Institute, Plant Biology Department, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255 CEP 13, 083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Priest GV, Camarota F, Powell S, Vasconcelos HL, Marquis RJ. Ecosystem engineering in the arboreal realm: heterogeneity of wood-boring beetle cavities and their use by cavity-nesting ants. Oecologia 2021; 196:427-39. [PMID: 33970331 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04934-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Wood-boring beetle larvae act as ecosystem engineers by creating stem cavities that are used secondarily as nests by many arboreal ant species. Understanding the heterogeneity and distribution of available cavities and their use by ants is therefore key to understanding arboreal ant community assembly and diversity. Our goals were to quantify the abundance and diversity of beetle-produced cavity resources in a tropical canopy, reveal how ants use these resources, and determine which characteristics of the cavity resource contribute to ant use. We dissected branches from six common tree species in the Brazilian Cerrado savanna, measuring cavity characteristics and identifying the occupants. We sampled 2310 individual cavities, 576 of which were used as nests by 25 arboreal ant species. We found significant differences among tree species in the proportion of stem length bored by beetles, the number of cavities per stem length, average entrance-hole size, and the distribution of cavity volumes. The likelihood that a cavity was occupied was greater for cavities with larger entrance-hole sizes and larger volumes. In particular, there was a strong positive correlation between mean head diameters of ant species and the mean entrance-hole diameter of the cavities occupied by those ant species. Wood-boring beetles contribute to the structuring of the Cerrado ant community by differentially attacking the available tree species. In so doing, the beetles provide a wide range of entrance-hole sizes which ant species partition based on their body size, and large volume cavities that ants appear to prefer.
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Kumar R, Bisht NC. Heterotrimeric Gα subunit regulates plant architecture, organ size and seed weight in the oilseed Brassica juncea. Plant Mol Biol 2020; 104:549-560. [PMID: 32875468 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two BjuGα proteins exhibit conserved GTP-binding and GTP-hydrolysis activities, and function in maintaining overall plant architecture and controlling multiple yield-related traits in the oilseed Brassica juncea. Heterotrimeric G-protein (Gα, Gβ and Gγ) are key signal transducers, well characterized in model plants Arabidopsis and rice. However, our knowledge about the roles played by G-proteins in regulating various growth and developmental traits in polyploid crops, having a complex G-protein signalling network, is quite sparse. In the present study, two Gα encoding genes (BjuA.Gα1 and BjuB.Gα1) were isolated from the allotetraploid Brassica juncea, a globally cultivated oilseed crop of the Brassicaceae family. BjuGα1 genes share a close evolutionary relationship, and the encoded proteins exhibit highly conserved G-protein activities while showing expression differentiation, wherein BjuA.Gα1 was the highly abundant transcript during plant growth and developmental stages. RNAi based suppression of BjuGα1 displayed compromised effects on most of the tested vegetative and reproductive parameters, particularly plant height (32-58%), flower and siliques dimensions, and seed weight (11-13%). Further, over-expression of a constitutively active Gα, lacking the GTPase activity, produced plants with increased height, organ size and seed weight (7-25%), without altering seed quality traits like fatty acid composition, glucosinolates, oil and protein contents. Our study demonstrates that BjuGα1 proteins control overall plant architecture and multiple yield-related traits in the oilseed B. juncea, suggesting that BjuGα1 could be a promising target for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Kumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Naveen C Bisht
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Sriboon S, Li H, Guo C, Senkhamwong T, Dai C, Liu K. Knock-out of TERMINAL FLOWER 1 genes altered flowering time and plant architecture in Brassica napus. BMC Genet 2020; 21:52. [PMID: 32429836 PMCID: PMC7236879 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-020-00857-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) is a member of phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) family, which plays an important role in the determination of floral meristem identity and regulates flowering time in higher plants. Results Five BnaTFL1 gene copies were identified in the genome of Brassica napus. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that all five BnaTFL1 gene copies were clustered with their corresponding homologous copies in the ancestral species, B. rapa and B. oleracea. The expression of the BnaTFL1s were confined to flower buds, flowers, seeds, siliques and stem tissues and displayed distinct expression profiles. Knockout mutants of BnaC03.TFL1 generated by CRISPR/Cas9 exhibited early flowering phenotype, while the knockout mutants of the other gene copies had similar flowering time as the wild type. Furthermore, knock-out mutants of individual BnaTFL1 gene copy displayed altered plant architecture. The plant height, branch initiation height, branch number, silique number, number of seeds per silique and number of siliques on the main inflorescence were significantly reduced in the BnaTFL1 mutants. Conclusions Our results indicated that BnaC03.TFL1 negatively regulates flowering time in B. napus. BnaC03.TFL1 together with the other BnaTFL1 paralogues are essential for controlling the plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukarkarn Sriboon
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Haitao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chaocheng Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Thaveep Senkhamwong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Cheng Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kede Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Abstract
Modeling is a fundamental part of quantitative science used to bring together several quantitative components, often developed though detailed reductionist approach on component parts, e.g., sucrose transport through a membrane osmotic relation. It is now generally accepted that phloem transport is the result of bulk solution flow generated by the difference in osmotic pressure between source and sink tissues. However, there is still little agreement on how different sink tissues compete for available carbohydrate. Furthermore, the impact of phloem pathway leakage (unloading) and reloading on source-to-sink carbon transport remains unclear. Moreover, it is debated to what degree the interactions between phloem and xylem flows influence carbohydrate source-sink relations. These aspects are extremely difficult to research by a reductionist approach, with modeling being an important tool to examine the consequences of proposed mechanisms, which can then be tested on whole plants.Phloem/xylem modeling has been at the limits of quantitative modeling, especially when dynamic models are needed to explain tracer studies. Advances in computing now enable more realistic modeling, which are utilized by the PiafMunch approach described here. This model enables a high level of mechanistic detail to be incorporated and the observable effect of it to be tested. In the most recent version of the software with the introduction of tracer dynamics, it can now predict the effects of specific phloem mechanisms upon the shape of evolving tracer profiles.
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Guo H, Xiong H, Xie Y, Zhao L, Gu J, Zhao S, Ding Y, Liu L. Functional mutation allele mining of plant architecture and yield-related agronomic traits and characterization of their effects in wheat. BMC Genet 2019; 20:102. [PMID: 31888475 PMCID: PMC6937682 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-019-0804-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat mutant resources with phenotypic variation have been developed in recent years. These mutants might carry favorable mutation alleles, which have the potential to be utilized in the breeding process. Plant architecture and yield-related features are important agronomic traits for wheat breeders and mining favorable alleles of these traits will improve wheat characteristics. RESULTS Here we used 190 wheat phenotypic mutants as material and by analyzing their SNP variation and phenotypic data, mutation alleles for plant architecture and yield-related traits were identified, and the genetic effects of these alleles were evaluated. In total, 32 mutation alleles, including three pleiotropic alleles, significantly associated with agronomic traits were identified from the 190 wheat mutant lines. The SNPs were distributed on 12 chromosomes and were associated with plant height (PH), tiller number, flag leaf angle (FLA), thousand grain weight (TGW), and other yield-related traits. Further phenotypic analysis of multiple lines carrying the same mutant allele was performed to determine the effect of the allele on the traits of interest. PH-associated SNPs on chromosomes 2BL, 3BS, 3DL, and 5DL might show additive effects, reducing PH by 10.0 cm to 31.3 cm compared with wild type, which means that these alleles may be favorable for wheat improvement. Only unfavorable mutation alleles that reduced TGW and tiller number were identified. A region on chromosome 5DL with mutation alleles for PH and TGW contained several long ncRNAs, and their sequences shared more than 90% identity with cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase genes. Some of the mutation alleles we mined were colocalized with previously reported QTLs or genes while others were novel; these novel alleles could also result in phenotypic variation. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that favorable mutation alleles are present in mutant resources, and the region between 409.5 to 419.8 Mb on chromosome 5DL affects wheat plant height and thousand grain weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Guo
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Hongchun Xiong
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Yongdun Xie
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Linshu Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Gu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Shirong Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Yuping Ding
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Luxiang Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
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Naeem M, Waseem M, Zhu Z, Zhang L. Downregulation of SlGRAS15 manipulates plant architecture in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Dev Genes Evol 2019; 230:1-12. [PMID: 31828522 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-019-00643-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
GRAS family transcription factors (TF) are involved in multiple biological processes in plants. In recent years among the 54 identified GRAS proteins, only few have been studied functionally in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). In the present study, a novel and previously uncharacterized member of tomato GRAS transcription factors family SlGRAS15 was isolated and functionally characterized. It was observed that SlGRAS15 preferably expressed in roots, followed by young leaves, stem, and comparatively low transcripts levels were noticed in all other tissues. To explore the SlGRAS15 function in detail, an RNA interference (RNAi) vector targeting SlGRAS15 was constructed and transformed into tomato plants. The transgenic plants carrying SlGRAS15-RNAi displayed pleiotropic phenotypes associated with multiple agronomical traits including reduced plant height and small leaf size with pointed margins, increased node number, lateral shoots, and petiolules length. In addition, transcriptional analysis revealed that silencing SlGRAS15 altered vegetative growth by downregulating gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis genes and stimulating the GA deactivating genes, thus lowering the endogenous GA content in tomato transgenic lines. Moreover, the GA signaling downstream gene (SlGAST1) was downregulated but the negative regulator of GA signaling (SlDELLA) was upregulated by SlGRAS15 silencing. The root and hypocotyl length in SlGRAS15-RNAi lines showed reduced growth under normal conditions (Mock) as compared with the wild type (WT) control plants. Taken together, these findings enhanced our understanding that suppression of SlGRAS15 lead to a series of developmental processes by modulating gibberellin signaling and demonstrate an association between the SlGRAS15 and GA signaling pathway during vegetative growth in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naeem
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Campus B, 174 Shapingba Main Street, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Muhammad Waseem
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Huxi Campus, Daxuecheng, Shapingba, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Zhu
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Campus B, 174 Shapingba Main Street, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lincheng Zhang
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Campus B, 174 Shapingba Main Street, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Osorio-Guarín JA, Garzón-Martínez GA, Delgadillo-Duran P, Bastidas S, Moreno LP, Enciso-Rodríguez FE, Cornejo OE, Barrero LS. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) for morphological and yield-related traits in an oil palm hybrid (Elaeis oleifera x Elaeis guineensis) population. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:533. [PMID: 31795941 PMCID: PMC6889324 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genus Elaeis has two species of economic importance for the oil palm agroindustry: Elaeis oleifera (O), native to the Americas, and Elaeis guineensis (G), native to Africa. This work provides to our knowledge, the first association mapping study in an interspecific OxG oil palm population, which shows tolerance to pests and diseases, high oil quality, and acceptable fruit bunch production. RESULTS Using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), we identified a total of 3776 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were used to perform a genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) in 378 OxG hybrid population for 10 agronomic traits. Twelve genomic regions (SNPs) were located near candidate genes implicated in multiple functional categories, such as tissue growth, cellular trafficking, and physiological processes. CONCLUSIONS We provide new insights on genomic regions that mapped on candidate genes involved in plant architecture and yield. These potential candidate genes need to be confirmed for future targeted functional analyses. Associated markers to the traits of interest may be valuable resources for the development of marker-assisted selection in oil palm breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Osorio-Guarín
- Tibaitatá Research Center, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, Agrosavia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gina A Garzón-Martínez
- Tibaitatá Research Center, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, Agrosavia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Paola Delgadillo-Duran
- Tibaitatá Research Center, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, Agrosavia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Silvio Bastidas
- Palmira Research Center, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, Agrosavia, Palmira, Colombia
| | - Leidy P Moreno
- Palmira Research Center, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, Agrosavia, Palmira, Colombia
| | - Felix E Enciso-Rodríguez
- Tibaitatá Research Center, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, Agrosavia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Omar E Cornejo
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - Luz Stella Barrero
- Tibaitatá Research Center, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, Agrosavia, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Jin H, Tang X, Xing M, Zhu H, Sui J, Cai C, Li S. Molecular and transcriptional characterization of phosphatidyl ethanolamine-binding proteins in wild peanuts Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:484. [PMID: 31706291 PMCID: PMC6842551 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphatidyl ethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBPs) are involved in the regulation of plant architecture and flowering time. The functions of PEBP genes have been studied in many plant species. However, little is known about the characteristics and expression profiles of PEBP genes in wild peanut species, Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis, the diploid ancestors of cultivated peanuts. RESULTS In this study, genome-wide identification methods were used to identify and characterize a total of 32 peanut PEBP genes, 16 from each of the two wild peanut species, A. duranensis and A. ipaensis. These PEBP genes were classified into 3 groups (TERMINAL FLOWER1-like, FLOWERING LOCUS T-like, and MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1-like) based on their phylogenetic relationships. The gene structures, motifs, and chromosomal locations for each of these PEBPs were analyzed. In addition, 4 interchromosomal duplications and 1 tandem duplication were identified in A. duranensis, and 2 interchromosomal paralogs and 1 tandem paralog were identified in A. ipaensis. Ninety-five different cis-acting elements were identified in the PEBP gene promoter regions and most genes had different numbers and types of cis-elements. As a result, the transcription patterns of these PEBP genes varied in different tissues and under long day and short day conditions during different growth phases, indicating the functional diversities of PEBPs in different tissues and their potential functions in plant photoperiod dependent developmental pathways. Moreover, our analysis revealed that AraduF950M/AraduWY2NX in A. duranensis, and Araip344D4/Araip4V81G in A. ipaensis are good candidates for regulating plant architecture, and that Aradu80YRY, AraduYY72S, and AraduEHZ9Y in A. duranensis and AraipVEP8T in A. ipaensis may be key factors regulating flowering time. CONCLUSION Sixteen PEBP genes were identified and characterized from each of the two diploid wild peanut genomes, A. duranensis and A. ipaensis. Genetic characterization and spatio-temporal expression analysis support their importance in plant growth and development. These findings further our understanding of PEBP gene functions in plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqi Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Key Lab of Plant Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Xuemin Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Lab of Plant Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Mengge Xing
- College of Life Sciences, Key Lab of Plant Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Hong Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Jiongming Sui
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Chunmei Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Key Lab of Plant Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Shuai Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Lab of Plant Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
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Liu Q, Su Y, Zhu Y, Peng K, Hong B, Wang R, Gaballah M, Xiao L. Manipulating osa-MIR156f Expression by D18 Promoter to Regulate Plant Architecture and Yield Traits both in Seasonal and Ratooning Rice. Biol Proced Online 2019; 21:21. [PMID: 31700499 PMCID: PMC6827258 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-019-0110-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rice (Oryza sativa L.) feeds more than half of the world's population. Ratooning rice is an economical alternative to the second seasonal rice, thus increasing the yield of ratooning rice is highly important. Results Here we report an applicable transgenic line constructed through the manipulation of osa-MIR156f expression in rice shoot using the OsGA3ox2 (D18) promoter. In seasonal rice, the D18-11 transgenic line showed moderate height and more effective tillers with normal panicle. In ratooning rice, axillary buds outgrew from the basal node of the D18-11 transgenic line before the harvest of seasonal rice. More effective tillers produced by the outgrowth of axillary buds contributed to the plant architecture improvement and yield increase. Additionally, it was found that osa-miR156f down-regulated the expression of tillering regulators, such as TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 (TB1) and LAX PANICLE 1 (LAX1). The expression of DWARF10, DWARF27 and DWARF53, three genes being involved in the biosynthesis and signaling of strigolactone (SL), decreased in the stem of the D18-11 transgenic line. Conclusion Our results indicated that the manipulation of osa-MIR156f expression may have application significance in rice genetic breeding. This study developed a novel strategy to regulate plant architecture and grain yield potential both in the seasonal and ratooning rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- 1Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Yi Su
- 1Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China.,2Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Yunhua Zhu
- 3Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Keqin Peng
- 1Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Bin Hong
- 1Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Ruozhong Wang
- 1Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China.,2Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Mahmoud Gaballah
- 4Rice Research and Training Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, 33717 Egypt
| | - Langtao Xiao
- 1Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China.,2Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
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Ju F, Liu S, Zhang S, Ma H, Chen J, Ge C, Shen Q, Zhang X, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Pang C. Transcriptome analysis and identification of genes associated with fruiting branch internode elongation in upland cotton. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:415. [PMID: 31590649 PMCID: PMC6781417 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appropriate plant architecture can improve the amount of cotton boll opening and allow increased planting density, thus increasing the level of cotton mechanical harvesting and cotton yields. The internodes of cotton fruiting branches are an important part of cotton plant architecture. Thus, studying the molecular mechanism of internode elongation in cotton fruiting branches is highly important. RESULTS In this study, we selected internodes of cotton fruiting branches at three different stages from two cultivars whose internode lengths differed significantly. A total of 76,331 genes were detected by transcriptome sequencing. By KEGG pathway analysis, we found that DEGs were significantly enriched in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway. The transcriptional data and qRT-PCR results showed that members of the GH3 gene family, which are involved in auxin signal transduction, and CKX enzymes, which can reduce the level of CKs, were highly expressed in the cultivar XLZ77, which has relatively short internodes. Genes related to ethylene synthase (ACS), EIN2/3 and ERF in the ethylene signal transduction pathway and genes related to JAR1, COI1 and MYC2 in the JA signal transduction pathway were also highly expressed in XLZ77. Plant hormone determination results showed that the IAA and CK contents significantly decreased in cultivar XLZ77 compared with those in cultivar L28, while the ACC (the precursor of ethylene) and JA contents significantly increased. GO enrichment analysis revealed that the GO categories associated with promoting cell elongation, such as cell division, the cell cycle process and cell wall organization, were significantly enriched, and related genes were highly expressed in L28. However, genes related to the sphingolipid metabolic process and lignin biosynthetic process, whose expression can affect cell elongation, were highly expressed in XLZ77. In addition, 2067 TFs were differentially expressed. The WRKY, ERF and bHLH TF families were the top three largest families whose members were active in the two varieties, and the expression levels of most of the genes encoding these TFs were upregulated in XLZ77. CONCLUSIONS Auxin and CK are positive regulators of internode elongation in cotton branches. In contrast, ethylene and JA may act as negative regulators of internode elongation in cotton branches. Furthermore, the WRKY, ERF and bHLH TFs were identified as important inhibitors of internode elongation in cotton. In XLZ77(a short-internode variety), the mass synthesis of ethylene and amino acid conjugation of auxin led to the inhibition of plant cell elongation, while an increase in JA content and degradation of CKs led to a slow rate of cell division, which eventually resulted in a phenotype that presented relatively short internodes on the fruiting branches. The results of this study not only provide gene resources for the genetic improvement of cotton plant architecture but also lay a foundation for improved understanding of the molecular mechanism of the internode elongation of cotton branches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology (Hebei Base)/College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 Hebei China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455112 Henan China
| | - Shaodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455112 Henan China
| | - Siping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455112 Henan China
| | - Huijuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455112 Henan China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455112 Henan China
| | - Changwei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455112 Henan China
| | - Qian Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455112 Henan China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455112 Henan China
| | - Xinhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455112 Henan China
| | - Yongjiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology (Hebei Base)/College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 Hebei China
| | - Chaoyou Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455112 Henan China
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Wang L, Xu K, Li Y, Cai W, Zhao Y, Yu B, Zhu Y. Genome-Wide Identification of the Aux/IAA Family Genes (MdIAA) and Functional Analysis of MdIAA18 for Apple Tree Ideotype. Biochem Genet 2019; 57:709-733. [PMID: 30997626 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-019-09919-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Aux/IAA (auxin/indole-3-acetic acid) gene family is one of the early auxin-responsive gene families, which play a central role in auxin response. Few reports are involved in Aux/IAA genes in fruit trees, especially in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.). A total of 33 MdIAA members were identified, of which 27 members contained four conserved domains, whereas the others lost one or two conserved domains. Several cis-elements in promoters of MdIAAs were predicted responsive to hormones and abiotic stress. Tissue-specific expression patterns of MdIAAs in different apple tree ideotypes were investigated by quantitative real-time PCR. A large number of MdIAAs were highly expressed in leaf buds and reproductive organs, and MdIAAs clustered in same group showed similar expression profiles. Overexpression of MdIAA18 in Arabidopsis resulted in compact phenotype. These results indicated that MdIAA genes may be involved in vegetative and reproductive growth of apple. Taken together, the results provide useful clues to reveal the function of MdIAAs in apple and control apple tree architecture by manipulation of MdIAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Wang
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhou Li
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Cai
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Boyang Yu
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuandi Zhu
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Bao A, Chen H, Chen L, Chen S, Hao Q, Guo W, Qiu D, Shan Z, Yang Z, Yuan S, Zhang C, Zhang X, Liu B, Kong F, Li X, Zhou X, Tran LSP, Cao D. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis of GmSPL9 genes alters plant architecture in soybean. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:131. [PMID: 30961525 PMCID: PMC6454688 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1746-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plant architecture has significant effects on grain yield of various crops, including soybean (Glycine max), but the knowledge on optimization of plant architecture in order to increase yield potential is still limited. Recently, CRISPR/Cas9 system has revolutionized genome editing, and has been widely utilized to edit the genomes of a diverse range of crop plants. RESULTS In the present study, we employed the CRISPR/Cas9 system to mutate four genes encoding SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) transcription factors of the SPL9 family in soybean. These four GmSPL9 genes are negatively regulated by GmmiR156b, a target for the improvement of soybean plant architecture and yields. The soybean Williams 82 was transformed with the binary CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid, assembled with four sgRNA expression cassettes driven by the Arabidopsis thaliana U3 or U6 promoter, targeting different sites of these four SPL9 genes via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. A 1-bp deletion was detected in one target site of the GmSPL9a and one target site of the GmSPL9b, respectively, by DNA sequencing analysis of two T0-generation plants. T2-generation spl9a and spl9b homozygous single mutants exhibited no obvious phenotype changes; but the T2 double homozygous mutant spl9a/spl9b possessed shorter plastochron length. In T4 generation, higher-order mutant plants carrying various combinations of mutations showed increased node number on the main stem and branch number, consequently increased total node number per plants at different levels. In addition, the expression levels of the examined GmSPL9 genes were higher in the spl9b-1 single mutant than wild-type plants, which might suggest a feedback regulation on the expression of the investigated GmSPL9 genes in soybean. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis of four GmSPL9 genes in different combinations altered plant architecture in soybean. The findings demonstrated that GmSPL9a, GmSPL9b, GmSPL9c and GmSPL9 function as redundant transcription factors in regulating plant architecture in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Bao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Limiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Shuilian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Qingnan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Dezhen Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Zhihui Shan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Zhonglu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Songli Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Chanjuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Baohui Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Fanjiang Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Xinan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Dong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062 China
- The Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081 China
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Zhao Y, Wang H, Bo C, Dai W, Zhang X, Cai R, Gu L, Ma Q, Jiang H, Zhu J, Cheng B. Genome-wide association study of maize plant architecture using F 1 populations. Plant Mol Biol 2019; 99:1-15. [PMID: 30519826 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0797-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association study of maize plant architecture using F1 populations can better dissect various genetic effects that can provide precise guidance for genetic improvement in maize breeding. Maize grain yield has increased at least eightfold during the past decades. Plant architecture, including plant height, leaf angle, leaf length, and leaf width, has been changed significantly to adapt to higher planting density. Although the genetic architecture of these traits has been dissected using different populations, the genetic basis remains unclear in the F1 population. In this work, we perform a genome-wide association study of the four traits using 573 F1 hybrids with a mixed linear model approach and QTXNetwork mapping software. A total of 36 highly significant associated quantitative trait SNPs were identified for these traits, which explained 51.86-79.92% of the phenotypic variation and were contributed mainly by additive, dominance, and environment-specific effects. Heritability as a result of environmental interaction was more important for leaf angle and leaf length, while major effects (a, aa, and d) were more important for leaf width and plant height. The potential breeding values of the superior lines and superior hybrids were also predicted, and these values can be applied in maize breeding by direct selection of superior genotypes for the associated quantitative trait SNPs. A total of 108 candidate genes were identified for the four traits, and further analysis was performed to screen the potential genes involved in the development of maize plant architecture. Our results provide new insights into the genetic architecture of the four traits, and will be helpful in marker-assisted breeding for maize plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Hengsheng Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chen Bo
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Dai
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xingen Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ronghao Cai
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Longjiang Gu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qing Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Beijiu Cheng
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.
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Liu D, Teng Z, Kong J, Liu X, Wang W, Zhang X, Zhai T, Deng X, Wang J, Zeng J, Xiao Y, Guo K, Zhang J, Liu D, Wang W, Zhang Z. Natural variation in a CENTRORADIALIS homolog contributed to cluster fruiting and early maturity in cotton. BMC Plant Biol 2018; 18:286. [PMID: 30458710 PMCID: PMC6245773 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant architecture and the vegetative-reproductive transition have major impacts on the agronomic success of crop plants, but genetic mechanisms underlying these traits in cotton (Gossypium spp.) have not been identified. RESULTS We identify four natural mutations in GoCEN-Dt associated with cluster fruiting (cl) and early maturity. The situ hybridization shows that GhCEN is preferentially expressed in cotton shoot apical meristems (SAM) of the main stem and axillary buds. Constitutive GhCEN-Dt overexpression suppresses the transition of the cotton vegetative apex to a reproductive shoot. Silencing GoCEN leads to early flowering and determinate growth, and in tetraploids causes the main stem to terminate in a floral bud, a novel phenotype that exemplifies co-adaptation of polyploid subgenomes and suggests new research and/or crop improvement approaches. Natural cl variations are enriched in cottons adapted to high latitudes with short frost-free periods, indicating that mutants of GoCEN have been strongly selected for early maturity. CONCLUSION We show that the cotton gene GoCEN-Dt, a homolog of Antirrhinum CENTRORADIALIS, is responsible for determinate growth habit and cluster fruiting. Insight into the genetic control of branch and flower differentiation offers new approaches to develop early maturing cultivars of cotton and other crops with plant architecture appropriate for mechanical harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhonghua Teng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Kong
- Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, urumqi, Xinjiang 830091 People’s Republic of China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueying Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Zhai
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianping Deng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinxia Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianyan Zeng
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuehua Xiao
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dajun Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiran Wang
- Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, urumqi, Xinjiang 830091 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengsheng Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
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49
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Xiao W, Ye Z, Yao X, He L, Lei Y, Luo D, Su S. Evolution of ALOG gene family suggests various roles in establishing plant architecture of Torenia fournieri. BMC Plant Biol 2018; 18:204. [PMID: 30236061 PMCID: PMC6148777 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1431-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ALOG (Arabidopsis LSH1 and Oryza G1) family with a conserved domain widely exists in plants. A handful of ALOG members have been functionally characterized, suggesting their roles as key developmental regulators. However, the evolutionary scenario of this gene family during the diversification of plant species remains largely unclear. METHODS Here, we isolated seven ALOG genes from Torenia fournieri and phylogenetically analyzed them with different ALOG members from representative plants in major taxonomic clades. We further examined their gene expression patterns by RT-PCR, and regarding the protein subcellular localization, we co-expressed the candidates with a nuclear marker. Finally, we explored the functional diversification of two ALOG members, TfALOG1 in euALOG1 and TfALOG2 in euALOG4 sub-clades by obtaining the transgenic T. fournieri plants. RESULTS The ALOG gene family can be divided into different lineages, indicating that extensive duplication events occurred within eudicots, grasses and bryophytes, respectively. In T. fournieri, seven TfALOG genes from four sub-clades exhibit distinct expression patterns. TfALOG1-6 YFP-fused proteins were accumulated in the nuclear region, while TfALOG7-YFP was localized both in nuclear and cytoplasm, suggesting potentially functional diversification. In the 35S:TfALOG1 transgenic lines, normal development of petal epidermal cells was disrupted, accompanied with changes in the expression of MIXTA-like genes. In 35S:TfALOG2 transgenic lines, the leaf mesophyll cells development was abnormal, favoring functional differences between the two homologous proteins. Unfortunately, we failed to observe any phenotypical changes in the TfALOG1 knock-out mutants, which might be due to functional redundancy as the case in Arabidopsis. CONCLUSION Our results unraveled the evolutionary history of ALOG gene family, supporting the idea that changes occurred in the cis regulatory and/or nonconserved coding regions of ALOG genes may result in new functions during the establishment of plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Ziqing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Xinran Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Liang He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Yawen Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Da Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Shihao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601 Japan
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50
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Butt H, Jamil M, Wang JY, Al-Babili S, Mahfouz M. Engineering plant architecture via CRISPR/Cas9-mediated alteration of strigolactone biosynthesis. BMC Plant Biol 2018; 18:174. [PMID: 30157762 PMCID: PMC6116466 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Precision plant genome engineering holds much promise for targeted improvement of crop traits via unprecedented single-base level control over the genetic material. Strigolactones (SLs) are a key determinant of plant architecture, known for their role in inhibiting shoot branching (tillering). RESULTS We used CRISPR/Cas9 in rice (Oryza sativa) for targeted disruption of CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 7 (CCD7), which controls a key step in SL biosynthesis. The ccd7 mutants exhibited a striking increase in tillering, combined with a reduced height, which could be rescued by application of the synthetic SL analog GR24. Striga germination assays and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that root exudates of ccd7 mutants were also SL deficient. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results show the potential and feasibility of the use of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for targeted engineering of plant architecture and for elucidating the molecular underpinnings of architecture-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Butt
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- The Bioactives Lab, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Jian You Wang
- The Bioactives Lab, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- The Bioactives Lab, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdy Mahfouz
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
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