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Zang R, Shahzad K, Zhang X, Guo L, Qi T, Tang H, Wang R, Wang H, Qiao X, Zhang M, Wu J, Xing C. Dose effects of restorer gene modulate pollen fertility in cotton CMS-D2 restorer lines via auxin signaling and flavonoid biosynthesis. Plant Cell Rep 2023; 42:1705-1719. [PMID: 37715064 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Dose effects of Rf1 gene regulated retrieval mechanism of pollen fertility for CMS-D2 cotton. Cytoplasmic male sterility conditioned by Gossypium harknessii cytoplasm (CMS-D2) is an economical pollination control system for producing hybrid cotton seeds compared to artificial and chemical emasculation methods. However, the unstable restoring ability of restorer lines is a main barrier in the large-scale application of "three-line" hybrid cotton in China. Our phenotypic investigation determined that the homozygous Rf1Rf1 allelic genotype had a stronger ability to generate fertile pollen than the heterozygous Rf1rf1 allelic genotype. To decipher the genetic mechanisms that control the differential levels of pollen fertility, an integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis was performed at two environments using pollen grains of four cotton genotypes differing in Rf1 alleles or cytoplasm. Totally 5,391 differential metabolite features were detected, and 369 specific differential metabolites (DMs) were identified between homozygous and heterozygous Rf1 allelic genotypes with CMS-D2 cytoplasm. In addition, transcriptome analysis identified 2,490 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 96 unique hub DEGs with dynamic regulation in this comparative combination. Further integrated analyses revealed that several key DEGs and DMs involved in indole biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and sugar metabolism had strong network linkage with fertility restoration. In vitro application of auxin analogue NAA and inhibitor Auxinole confirmed that over-activated auxin signaling might inhibit pollen development, whereas suppressing auxin signaling partially promoted pollen development in CMS-D2 cotton. Our results provide new insight into how the dosage effects of the Rf1 gene regulate pollen fertility of CMS-D2 cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 38 Huanghe Dadao, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Kashif Shahzad
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 38 Huanghe Dadao, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xuexian Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 38 Huanghe Dadao, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Liping Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 38 Huanghe Dadao, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Tingxiang Qi
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 38 Huanghe Dadao, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Huini Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 38 Huanghe Dadao, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Ruijie Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 38 Huanghe Dadao, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Hailin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 38 Huanghe Dadao, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiuqin Qiao
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 38 Huanghe Dadao, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 38 Huanghe Dadao, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
| | - Jianyong Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 38 Huanghe Dadao, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
| | - Chaozhu Xing
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 38 Huanghe Dadao, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
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Wang S, Wu H, Zhao Y, Wang L, Guan X, Zhao T. Mapping intron retention events contributing to complex traits using splice quantitative trait locus. Plant Methods 2023; 19:72. [PMID: 37480119 PMCID: PMC10362629 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternative splicing (AS) of mRNA plays an important roles in transcriptome diversity, involving regulation of plant growth and stress response. Understanding the variation of AS events underlying GWAS loci in a crop population can provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of complex agronomic traits. To date, genome-wide association studies relating AS events to agronomic traits have rarely been conducted at the population level in crops. RESULTS Here, a pipeline was constructed to identify candidate AS events related to complex traits. Firstly, ovule transcriptome data were used to characterize intron retention (IR), the predominant type of AS in plants, on a genome-wide scale. This was done in a natural population consisting of 279 upland cotton lines. Secondly, splice quantitative trait locus (sQTL) analysis was carried out, which yielded a total of 2295 sQTLs involving 1607 genes. Of these, 14.25% (n = 427) were cis-regulatory loci. Integration with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) revealed that 53 (21.4%) cis-sGenes were regulated by both cis-sQTLs and cis-eQTLs. Finally, co-localization analysis integrated with GWAS loci in this population showed 32 cis-QTLs to be co-located with genetic regulatory loci related to fiber yield and quality traits, indicating that sQTLs are likely to participate in regulating cotton fiber yield and quality. An in-depth evaluation confirmed that differences in the IR rates of sQTL-regulated candidate genes such as GhLRRK1 and GhGC1 are associated with lint percentage (LP), which has potential in breeding applications. CONCLUSION This study provides a clue that AS of mRNA has an impact on crop yield, along with functional sQTLs are new genetic resources for cotton precision breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 300058, China
| | - Hongyu Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 300058, China
| | - Yongyan Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 300058, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Building 11, Yonyou Industrial Park, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 300058, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Building 11, Yonyou Industrial Park, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Xueying Guan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 300058, China.
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Building 11, Yonyou Industrial Park, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China.
| | - Ting Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 300058, China.
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Building 11, Yonyou Industrial Park, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China.
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Wang J, Wang Q, Huang X, Hu W, Wang S, Zhou Z. Phosphorus-induced greater enhancement in carbon supply and storage for oil synthesis during the crucial period made cottonseed kernel oil yield have a higher increment than protein. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 200:107781. [PMID: 37230024 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cottonseed has a high utilization value due to its luxuriant oil and protein, but low phosphorus (P) in cropland reduces its yield and quality. A limited understanding of the physiological mechanism underlying these results restricted the exploration of P efficient management in cotton cultivation. A 3-year experiment was performed with Lu 54 (low-P sensitive) and Yuzaomian 9110 (low-P tolerant) under 0 (deficient-P), 100 (critical-P), and 200 (excessive-P) kg P2O5 ha-1 in a field having 16.9 mg kg-1 available P to explore the key pathway for P to regulate cottonseed oil and protein formation. P application markedly increased cottonseed oil and protein yields, with the enhanced acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate contents during 20-26 days post anthesis being a vital reason. Notably, during the crucial period, decreased phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity weakened the carbon allocation to protein, making malonyl-CoA content increase greater than free amino acid; Meanwhile, P application accelerated the carbon storage in oil but retarded that in protein. Consequently, cottonseed oil yield increased more than protein. Oil and protein synthesis in Lu 54 was more susceptible to P, resulting in greater increments in oil and protein yields than Yuzaomian 9110. Based on acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate contents (the key substrates), the critical P content in the subtending leaf to cotton boll needed by oil and protein synthesis in Lu 54 (0.35%) was higher than Yuzaomian 9110 (0.31%). This study provided a new perception of the regulation of P on cottonseed oil and protein formation, contributing to the efficient P management in cotton cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| | - Qin Wang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| | - Wei Hu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| | - Shanshan Wang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
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Li Y, Hu W, Zou J, He J, Zhu H, Zhao W, Wang Y, Chen B, Meng Y, Wang S, Zhou Z. Effects of soil drought on cottonseed kernel carbohydrate metabolism and kernel biomass accumulation. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 195:170-181. [PMID: 36640684 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cottonseed is the main coproduct of cotton production. The carbohydrate metabolism provides carbon substrate for the accumulation of cottonseed kernel biomass which was the basis of cottonseed kernel development. However, the responses of drought stress on carbohydrate metabolism in kernels are still unclear. To address this, two cotton cultivars (Dexiamian 1 and Yuzaomian 9110) were cultivated under three water treatments including soil relative water content (SRWC) at (75 ± 5)% (control), (60 ± 5)% (mild drought) and (45 ± 5)% (severe drought) to investigate the effects of soil drought on cottonseed kernel carbohydrate metabolism and kernel biomass accumulation. Results suggested that drought restrained the accumulation of cottonseed kernel biomass which eventually decreased cottonseed kernel biomass at maturity. In detail, the down-regulation of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity led to the inhibition of sucrose synthesis, while the up-regulation of invertase (INV) promoted the sucrose decomposite, which reduced the sucrose content eventually under drought. Though hexose content was increased, phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP) content was decreased under drought by downregulating 6-phosphofructokinase (PFK) and pyruvate kinase (PK) activities, which hindered the conversion of hexose to PEP. The large decrease of sucrose and PEP contents hindered the accumulation of kernel biomass. The related substances contents and enzyme activities in carbohydrate metabolism of Yuzaomian 9110 were more susceptible to drought stress than Dexiamian 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Zou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaqi He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Honghai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Binglin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yali Meng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Luo H, Tang F. Mepiquat chloride application combined with high plant population density promotes carbon remobilization in the roots of upland cotton. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 194:70-84. [PMID: 36379179 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbon reserves in cotton roots can be remobilized to support reproductive growth, thus potentially affecting cotton yield. However, the regulation of carbon remobilization in cotton roots and its relationship with cotton yield are still poorly understood. Plant population density (PPD) and mepiquat chloride (MC) have been hypothesized to affect the dynamics of nonstructural carbohydrate content and the resulting carbon remobilization in cotton roots through the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism enzyme activities. A mid-maturation cotton line 4003-6 was field-grown in 2019 and 2020. Three different levels of PPD (D1: 2.25 plants m-2, D2: 4.5 plants m-2, and D3: 6.75 plants m-2) and two levels of MC dosage (M0: 0 g hm-2, M1: 82.5 g hm-2) were combined to create six populations differing in terms of the source-sink relationship. The changes in the hexose, sucrose, and starch contents and the key carbon metabolic enzyme activities in cotton roots were examined during peak squaring (PS) to late boll opening (LB). The combination of the PPD of 6.75 plants m-2 and MC application (M1D3) exhibited the greatest cotton yield and reproductive biomass-to-leaf area ratio from peak flowering (PF) onwards. M1D3 presented the greatest total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) remobilization amount of 2.96 and 3.80 g m-2, the highest efficiency of 39.11% and 48.39%, and the largest gross contribution to seed cotton yield of 0.66% and 0.79% in 2019 and 2020, respectively. The three parameters were positively correlated with the seed cotton yield except for the remobilization rate in 2019. Unlike the other treatments, the greater carbohydrate content per unit ground area in M1D3 prior to the PF stage was attributed to the higher sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) activities during the PS to first flowering (FF) stages. Conversely, the greater α-amylase and β-amylase activities in M1D3 at the PF stage accounted for the lower starch content at the EB stage, and the smaller vacuolar invertase (VIN) and cell wall invertase (CWIN) activities at the EB stage could be responsible for the lower hexose concentration at that time. The TNC remobilization amount had a positive association with the AGPase and SPS activities at the FF stage and with β-amylase activity at the PF stage in cotton tap roots in 2019 and 2020. This study provides a cotton yield-improving alternative through the promotion of carbon remobilization in roots using certain agronomic practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Luo
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, College of Agronomy, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Feiyu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, College of Agronomy, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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Tang F, Gao X, Peng J. The dynamics of carbohydrate and associated gene expression in the stems and roots of upland cotton (Gossypiumhirsutum L.) during carbon remobilization. Plant Physiol Biochem 2022; 178:125-136. [PMID: 35298944 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates remobilization in non-leaf organs has a potential association with the formation of cotton yield. However, our understanding of the physiological and molecular mechanisms regulating carbon remobilization during flowering is still limited. The objectives of the study were to: i) evaluate the potential of carbohydrate remobilization in stems and roots to yield formation; ii) unravel the carbon metabolism and transport associated gene expression patterns regulating carbon remobilization. Two cotton lines 4003-6 and 4003-10 were employed to examine leaf photosynthesis, reproductive biomass accumulation, and carbon dynamics in stems and roots during reproductive growth. The results showed that decreasing leaf photosynthetic capacity combined with rapidly increasing reproductive biomass and leaf area index is accompanied by the initiation of carbohydrate remobilization during first flowering to peak flowering. The proportion of sucrose to total nonstructural carbohydrate was also decreased at that period. The upper and lower of stem recorded higher soluble sugars and starch concentrations, respectively compared to the two others. The gross contribution rate of carbon remobilization to seed cotton yield ranged from 2.83% to 7.12%. Key genes and sugar transporters related to starch and sucrose metabolism in the lower stem exhibited significant up- or down-regulated expressions indicating their important roles in carbon reserves remobilization. Three pivotal sugar transporters SWEET1, TMT2, and ERLD5 presented higher transcript levels at peak flowering suggesting more active sugar movement occurring at that stage. The present study provides potential target genes for engineering carbohydrate metabolism and transport to improve the remobilization efficiency of nonstructural carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, College of Agronomy, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Xin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, College of Agronomy, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Jinjian Peng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, College of Agronomy, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
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Mudassir MA, Rasul F, Khaliq T, Yaseen M. Conformance of sowing dates for maximizing heat use efficiency and seed cotton yield in arid to semi-arid cotton zone of Pakistan. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:11359-11373. [PMID: 34536224 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pakistan is placed among the most vulnerable countries with relation to climate change and its impacts on agricultural productivity. Cotton is staged as the cash crop of the country and the main source of raw material for textile, oil, and feed industry. Varying environmental attributes have significant effects on the duration of vegetative and reproductive stages of cotton crop. To evaluate the potential impacts of varied temperatures regimes in different sowing times, field experiments were carried out throughout the cotton growing areas of Pakistan from Faisalabad in Central Punjab to RYK in Southern Punjab and Sakrand in Sindh to Dera Ismail Khan in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Province. Crop was sown on six different sowing dates starting from 1st March towards 15th May with 2-week intervals for two crop seasons (2016 and 2017). The timing of phenological events like emergence, squaring, flowering, and boll opening was recorded on calendar days and cumulative heat units (GDDs) were calculated for flowering and boll opening stages. Heat use efficiency for these sowing times was estimated. Data regarding yield-related parameters like opened bolls per plant, average boll weight, and seed cotton yield were also recorded during the study. Results revealed that duration of the growth stages was significantly affected by variation in mean thermal kinetics in varied sowing times in all four different environments. Seed cotton yield and heat use efficiency were also varied among the locations and sowing dates. The maximum seed cotton yield was recorded in Sakrand location at 15th April sowing date. The dependence of the phenological advancement on temperature and negative impacts of higher thermal stress on cotton productivity were also confirmed throughout the cotton growing zone of Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fahd Rasul
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Tasneem Khaliq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yaseen
- Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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8
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Jin Y, Li J, Zhu Q, Du X, Liu F, Li Y, Ahmar S, Zhang X, Sun J, Xue F. GhAPC8 regulates leaf blade angle by modulating multiple hormones in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 195:217-228. [PMID: 34896470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Leaf angle, including leaf petiole angle (LPA) and leaf blade angle (LBA), is an important trait affecting plant architecture. Anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) genes play a vital role in plant growth and development, including regulation of leaf angle. Here, we identified and characterized the APC genes in Upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.) with a focus on GhAPC8, a homolog of soybean GmILPA1 involved in regulation of LPA. We showed that independently silencing the At or Dt sub-genome homoeolog of GhAPC8 using virus-induced gene silencing reduced plant height and LBA, and that reduction of LBA could be caused by uneven growth of cortex parenchyma cells on the adaxial and abaxial sides of the junction between leaf blade and leaf petiole. The junction between leaf blade and leaf petiole of the GhAPC8-silenced plants had an elevated level of brassinosteroid (BR) and a decreased levels of auxin and gibberellin. Consistently, comparative transcriptome analysis found that silencing GhAPC8 activated genes of the BR biosynthesis and signaling pathways as well as genes related to ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified gene modules significantly associated with plant height and LBA, and candidate genes bridging GhAPC8, the pathways of BR biosynthesis and signaling and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. These results demonstrated a role of GhAPC8 in regulating LBA, likely achieved by modulating the accumulation and signaling of multiple phytohormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000 Xinjiang, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000 Xinjiang, China
| | - Qianhao Zhu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Xin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000 Xinjiang, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000 Xinjiang, China
| | - Sunny Ahmar
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000 Xinjiang, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000 Xinjiang, China.
| | - Fei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000 Xinjiang, China.
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Wang H, Chen Y, Hu W, Snider JL, Zhou Z. Short-term soil-waterlogging contributes to cotton cross tolerance to chronic elevated temperature by regulating ROS metabolism in the subtending leaf. Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 139:333-341. [PMID: 30952085 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic elevated temperature and soil-waterlogging events often occur concomitantly in the Yangtze River Valley; however, a clear understanding of the effects of aforementioned co-occurring stresses on antioxidant defense in cotton has not been attained. To address this, two temperature conditions during the whole flowering and boll development periods, and three soil-waterlogging levels (0, 3, 6 d) starting on the day of anthesis were established. In the current study, no siginificant difference was observed on plant performance for 3 d soil-waterlogging, whereas 6 d soil-waterlogging event and elevated temperature in isolation negatively affected plant performance (i.e. leaf area declined by 33.3% and 14.7% in AW6 (soil waterlogging for 6 d under ambient temperature regime) and EC (soil well-watered (SRWC(75 ± 5) %) under elevated temperature for 2-3 °C) relative to AC (soil well-watered (SRWC(75 ± 5) %) under ambient temperature regime)) and induced ROS (reactive oxygen species) production and scavenging mechanisms in the subtending leaf of cotton. SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), and POX (peroxidase) activities were increased, and ASA (ascorbic acid) concentration was enhanced due to higher H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) and O2- accumulations. Whereas, APX (ascorbate peroxidase), DHAR (dehydroascorbate reductase) and GR (glutathione reductase) activities were inhibited under elevated temperature regime or waterlogging event, especially in the treatment of EW6 (soil waterlogging for 6 d under elevated temperature for 2-3 °C), which resulted in increasing H2O2 concentration and higher O2- generation rate. However, plants acclimated to a short-term waterlogging stress (3 d) performed a cross tolerance to chronic elevated temperature regime (leaf number increased by 11.4%, whereas the abscission rate decreased by 4.6% in EW3 (soil waterlogging for 3 d under elevated temperature for 2-3 °C) compared with EC (soil well-watered (SRWC(75 ± 5) %) under elevated temperature for 2-3 °C)). Moreover, plants undergone a brief soil-waterlogging (3 d) induced higher GR activity and increased ASA concentration, along with enhanced SOD, CAT, POX activities, limiting H2O2 and O2- accumulation and reducing oxidative damage to membrane lipids as evidenced by reduced MDA (malondialdehyde) concentration when cotton was subsequently exposed to chronic elevated temperature regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimiao Wang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
| | - Yinglong Chen
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
| | - Wei Hu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China; Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA.
| | - John L Snider
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA.
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
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Chen E, Zhang X, Yang Z, Zhang C, Wang X, Ge X, Li F. BR deficiency causes increased sensitivity to drought and yield penalty in cotton. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:220. [PMID: 31138186 PMCID: PMC6537406 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1832-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brassinosteroids (BRs) play crucial roles in drought tolerance, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear in the important oilseed and fiber crop, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). RESULTS To elucidate how BRs mediate drought tolerance in cotton, a cotton brassinosteroid (BR)-deficient mutant, pag1 (pagoda1), was employed for analysis. Importantly, the pag1 mutant showed increased sensitivity to drought stress, with shorter primary roots and fewer lateral roots. The number of stomata was significantly increased in the mutant, and the stomata aperture was much wider than that of the control plants. These mutant plants therefore showed an increased water loss rate. Furthermore, the abscisic acid (ABA) content, photosynthetic efficiency and starch content of the mutant were significantly lower than those of the wild type. The overall performance of the mutant plants was worse than that of the wild-type control under both normal and drought conditions. Moreover, Proteomic analysis revealed reduced levels of stress-related proteins in pag1 plants. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that BRs may modulate the drought tolerance of cotton by regulating much genes that related to drought stress and multiple organ responses to drought, including root growth, stomata development, the stomata aperture and photosynthesis. This study provides an important basis for understanding drought resistance regulated by BRs and cultivating drought-resistant cotton lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eryong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000 China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000 China
| | - Zuoren Yang
- Zhengzhou Research base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000 China
| | - Chaojun Zhang
- Zhengzhou Research base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000 China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000 China
| | - Xiaoyang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000 China
| | - Fuguang Li
- Zhengzhou Research base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000 China
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11
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Fang S, Gao K, Hu W, Snider JL, Wang S, Chen B, Zhou Z. Chemical priming of seed alters cotton floral bud differentiation by inducing changes in hormones, metabolites and gene expression. Plant Physiol Biochem 2018; 130:633-640. [PMID: 30130740 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Fruiting branches and floral buds are forming well before squares are visible and determine cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) productivity. Pre-soaking with plant growth regulators (PGRs) affects the quantity of floral buds. However, studies illustrating the physiological mechanism of floral bud differentiation in response to PGRs are lacking. To address this, cotton seeds were primed with water (control), 5 mg L-1 gibberellic acid (GA3), 25 mg L-1 N6-benzyladenine (6-BA), and 150 mg L-1 dimethyl piperidinium chloride (DPC) respectively. Results showed that plants from seed pre-treated with GA3 and 6-BA differentiated more floral buds relative to control, while DPC application initiated less floral buds than control. GA3 and 6-BA application significantly increased the levels of zeatin riboside (ZR) by up-regulating IPT expression and gibberellic acid (GA3) but decreased the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content. Consequently, the ZR/IAA and GA3/IAA ratios were markedly increased, contributing to higher floral bud numbers. Contrasting results were observed for DPC treatment. Additionally, GA3 and 6-BA treatments up-regulated GhSOC1, GhMADS13 and GhAGL24 expression, which was associated with higher sucrose contents mainly attributed to higher endogenous ZR levels, inducing floral initiation. Whereas the GhMADS13 was down-regulated to suppress floral bud differentiation under DPC application. Surprisingly, the floral-associated genes were more sensitive to GA3 than 6-BA, which induced the differences in bud numbers at the beginning of flower bud differentiation. Thus, we conclude that seed pre-treated with PGRs affected hormone content, induced sugar accumulation in apical buds and regulated genes involved in floral induction, which impacted floral bud differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Fang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| | - Kai Gao
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| | - Wei Hu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA.
| | - John L Snider
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA.
| | - Shanshan Wang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| | - Binglin Chen
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
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12
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Wang H, Chen Y, Xu B, Hu W, Snider JL, Meng Y, Chen B, Wang Y, Zhao W, Wang S, Zhou Z. Long-term exposure to slightly elevated air temperature alleviates the negative impacts of short term waterlogging stress by altering nitrogen metabolism in cotton leaves. Plant Physiol Biochem 2018; 123:242-251. [PMID: 29253802 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Short-term waterlogging and chronic elevated temperature occur frequently in the Yangtze River Valley, yet the effects of these co-occurring environments on nitrogen metabolism of the subtending leaf (a major source leaf for boll development) have received little attention. In this study, plants were exposed to two temperature regimes (31.6/26.5 °C and 34.1/29.0 °C) and waterlogging events (0 d, 3 d, 6 d) during flowering and boll development. The results showed that the effects of waterlogging stress and elevated temperature in isolation on nitrogen metabolism were quite different. Waterlogging stress not only limited NR (EC 1.6.6.1) and GS (EC 6.3.1.2) activities through the down-regulation of GhNR and GhGS expression for amino acid synthesis, but also promoted protein degradation by enhanced protease activity and peptidase activity, leading to lower organ and total biomass (reduced by 12.01%-27.63%), whereas elevated temperature inhibited protein degradation by limited protease activity and peptidase activity, promoting plant biomass accumulation. Furthermore, 2-3 °C chronic elevated temperature alleviated the negative impacts of a brief (3 d) waterlogging stress on cotton leaves, with the expression of GhNiR up-regulated, the activities of NR, GS and GOGAT (EC 1.4.7.1) increased and the activities of protease and peptidase decreased, leading to higher protein concentration and enhanced leaf biomass for EW3 relative to AW3. The results of the study suggested that exposure to slightly elevated air temperature improves the cotton plants' ability to recover from short-term (3 d) waterlogging stress by sustaining processes associated with nitrogen assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31794, USA.
| | - Yinglong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Bingjie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - John L Snider
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31794, USA.
| | - Yali Meng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Binglin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Youhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Wenqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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13
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Wang L, Wu SM, Zhu Y, Fan Q, Zhang ZN, Hu G, Peng QZ, Wu JH. Functional characterization of a novel jasmonate ZIM-domain interactor (NINJA) from upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Plant Physiol Biochem 2017; 112:152-160. [PMID: 28086169 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The jasmonic acid (JA) signalling pathway plays roles in plant development and defence against biotic and abiotic stresses. We isolated a cotton NINJA (novel interactor of JA ZIM-domain) gene, designated GhNINJA, which contains a 1305 bp open read frame. The GhNINJA gene encodes a 434 amino acid peptide. According to quantitative real-time PCR analysis, GhNINJA is preferentially expressed in roots, and its expression level is greatly induced by Verticillium dahliae infection. Through a virus-induced gene silencing technique, we developed GhNINJA-silenced cotton plants, which had significantly decreased expression of the target gene with an average expression of 6% of the control. The regenerating lateral root growth of silenced plants was largely inhibited compared to the control. Analysis by microscopy demonstrated that the cell length of the root differentiation zone in GhNINJA-silenced plants is significantly shorter than those of the control. Moreover, the silenced plants exhibited higher tolerance to V. dahliae infection compared to the control, which was linked to the increased expression of the defence marker genes PDF1.2 and PR4. Together, these data indicated that knockdown of GhNINJA represses the root growth and enhances the tolerance to V. dahliae. Therefore, GhNINJA gene can be used as a candidate gene to breed the new cultivars for improving cotton yield and disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization, College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan 416000, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Shu-Ming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization, College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan 416000, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Qiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Zhen-Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Guang Hu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization, College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan 416000, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Qing-Zhong Peng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization, College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan 416000, China
| | - Jia-He Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization, College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan 416000, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100010, China.
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14
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Chen Y, Wang H, Hu W, Wang S, Wang Y, Snider JL, Zhou Z. Combined elevated temperature and soil waterlogging stresses inhibit cell elongation by altering osmolyte composition of the developing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber. Plant Sci 2017; 256:196-207. [PMID: 28167033 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Soil waterlogging events and high temperature conditions occur frequently in the Yangtze River Valley, yet the effects of these co-occurring stresses on fiber elongation have received little attention. In the current study, the combined effect of elevated temperature (ET) and soil waterlogging (SW) more negatively affected final fiber length (reduced by 5.4%-11.3%) than either stress alone by altering the composition of osmotically active solutes (sucrose, malate, and K+), where SW had the most pronounced effect. High temperature accelerated early fiber development, but limited the duration of elongation, thereby limiting final fiber length. Treatment of ET alone altered fiber sucrose content mainly through decreased source strength and the expression of the sucrose transporter gene GhSUT-1, making sucrose availability the primary determinant of final fiber length under ET. Waterlogging stress alone decreased source strength, down-regulated GhSUT-1 expression and enhanced SuSy catalytic activity for sucrose reduction. Waterlogging treatment alone also limited fiber malate production by down-regulating GhPEPC-1 & -2. However, combined elevated temperature and waterlogging limited primary cell wall synthesis by affecting GhCESAs genes and showed a negative impact on all three major osmotic solutes through the regulation of GhSUT-1, GhPEPC-1 & -2 and GhKT-1 expression and altered SuSy activity, which functioned together to produce a shorter fiber length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Haimiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Youhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - John L Snider
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA.
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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15
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Hu W, Zhao W, Yang J, Oosterhuis DM, Loka DA, Zhou Z. Relationship between potassium fertilization and nitrogen metabolism in the leaf subtending the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) boll during the boll development stage. Plant Physiol Biochem 2016; 101:113-123. [PMID: 26874296 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen (N) metabolism of the leaf subtending the cotton boll (LSCB) was studied with two cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars (Simian 3, low-K tolerant; Siza 3, low-K sensitive) under three levels of potassium (K) fertilization (K0: 0 g K2O plant(-1), K1: 4.5 K2O plant(-1) and K2: 9.0 g K2O plant(-1)). The results showed that total dry matter increased by 13.1-27.4% and 11.2-18.5% under K supply for Simian 3 and Siza 3. Boll biomass and boll weight also increased significantly in K1 and K2 treatments. Leaf K content, leaf N content and nitrate (NO3(-)) content increased with increasing K rates, and leaf N content or NO3(-) content had a significant positive correlation with leaf K content. Free amino acid content increased in the K0 treatment for both cultivars, due to increased protein degradation caused by higher protease and peptidase activities, resulting in lower protein content in the K0 treatment. The critical leaf K content for free amino acid and soluble protein content were 14 mg g(-1) and 15 mg g(-1) in Simian 3, and 17 mg g(-1) and 18 mg g(-1) in Siza 3, respectively. Nitrate reductase (NR), glutamic-oxaloace transaminase (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activities increased in the K1 and K2 treatments for both cultivars, while glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activities increased under K supply treatments only for Siza 3, and were not affected in Simian 3, indicating that this was the primary difference in nitrogen-metabolizing enzymes activities for the two cultivars with different sensitivity to low-K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - Wenqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jiashuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Derrick M Oosterhuis
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - Dimitra A Loka
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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16
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Kuai J, Liu Z, Wang Y, Meng Y, Chen B, Zhao W, Zhou Z, Oosterhuis DM. Waterlogging during flowering and boll forming stages affects sucrose metabolism in the leaves subtending the cotton boll and its relationship with boll weight. Plant Sci 2014; 223:79-98. [PMID: 24767118 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The work explored sucrose metabolism in the leaves subtending the cotton boll (SBL) and its role in boll weight after waterlogging in cotton. Results showed that net photosynthesis rate (Pn), relative water content, contents of Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b, initial ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco) activity and cytosolic fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (cy-FBPase) activity decreased with waterlogging in the SBL on fruiting branches 2-3 (FB2-3) and FB6-7. Activities of sucrose synthase (SuSy) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) increased to the maximum up to 6 days of waterlogging then decreased with prolonged waterlogging. Rubisco activation and specific leaf weight increased and gene expressions of SuSy, SPS and rubisco activase (RCA) were all up-regulated with the duration of waterlogging, especially for the SBL on FB6-7. The induction of activity and gene expression of SuSy was most significant indicating its crucial role in sucrose metabolism after waterlogging. For the SBL in the later period of boll development on upper FB10-11 and FB14-15, the pattern seemed opposite to that of FB2-3 and FB6c7 as compensation effect in vegetative growth existed. Correlation analysis revealed that initial Rubisco activity and cy-FBPase activity were the main limitation to Pn reduction after waterlogging. Reduction in Pn, sucrose transformation rate and initial Rubisco activity directly decrease boll weight in waterlogged cotton. Besides the role in sucrose metabolism after waterlogging, SuSy also had a positive significant correlation with the duration of rapid-accumulation period for seed fiber weight (P<0.05). These findings elucidated mechanisms to waterlogging that affected seed fiber weight, which resulted from alteration in carbohydrates, enzymes and genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Kuai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Zhaowei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Youhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yali Meng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Binglin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Wenqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Derrick M Oosterhuis
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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