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Ju T, Han ZT, Ruhsam M, Li JL, Tao WJ, Tso S, Miehe G, Mao KS. Reproduction and genetic diversity of Juniperus squamata along an elevational gradient in the Hengduan Mountains. PLANT DIVERSITY 2022; 44:369-376. [PMID: 35967254 PMCID: PMC9363649 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Elevation plays a crucial factor in the distribution of plants, as environmental conditions become increasingly harsh at higher elevations. Previous studies have mainly focused on the effects of large-scale elevational gradients on plants, with little attention on the impact of smaller-scale gradients. In this study we used 14 microsatellite loci to survey the genetic structure of 332 Juniperus squamata plants along elevation gradient from two sites in the Hengduan Mountains. We found that the genetic structure (single, clonal, mosaic) of J. squamata shrubs is affected by differences in elevational gradients of only 150 m. Shrubs in the mid-elevation plots rarely have a clonal or mosaic structure compared to shrubs in lower- or higher-elevation plots. Human activity can significantly affect genetic structure, as well as reproductive strategy and genetic diversity. Sub-populations at mid-elevations had the highest yield of seed cones, lower levels of asexual reproduction and higher levels of genetic diversity. This may be due to the trade-off between elevational stress and anthropogenic disturbance at mid-elevation since there is greater elevational stress at higher-elevations and greater intensity of anthropogenic disturbance at lower-elevations. Our findings provide new insights into the finer scale genetic structure of alpine shrubs, which may improve the conservation and management of shrublands, a major vegetation type on the Hengduan Mountains and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsam Ju
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Zhi-Tong Han
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Markus Ruhsam
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK
| | - Jia-Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Wen-Jing Tao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Sonam Tso
- College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China
| | - Georg Miehe
- Department of Geography, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Deutschhausstraße 10, Marburg 35032, Hessen, Germany
| | - Kang-Shan Mao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
- College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China
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Cheng H, Wang S, Wei M, Wu B, Du D, Wang C. Reproductive allocation of
Solidago canadensis
L. plays a key role in its invasiveness across a gradient of invasion degrees. POPUL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/1438-390x.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Cheng
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Shu Wang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Mei Wei
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Bingde Wu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Zhaotong University Zhaotong China
| | - Daolin Du
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Congyan Wang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
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Seed germination characteristics of invasive Spartina alterniflora Loisel in Japan: implications for its effective management. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2116. [PMID: 32034206 PMCID: PMC7005899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58879-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spartina alterniflora, intentionally or unintentionally introduced worldwide, has adversely impacted local Japanese ecosystems. Thus, prediction of future distributions of S. alterniflora and its management are required. Local population expansion after establishment depends heavily on asexual (clonal) reproduction, whereas sexual (seed) reproduction is one of the critical factors for estimating invasion success and the likelihood of colonization to new habitats. However, knowledge about the germination characteristics of S. alterniflora is lacking. Here, we report the environmental conditions suitable for germination of S. alterniflora, under variable conditions of cold stratification periods (0, 4, 8 weeks), temperature (constant, alternating temperature), light (light/dark, dark), and oxygen (aerobic, anaerobic). Cumulative germination rate of S. alterniflora increased with an increasing period of cold stratification. Its seeds clearly preferred aerobic conditions to germinate. Also, the germination rate was higher under alternating temperature than under constant temperature regardless of light and oxygen conditions in any cold stratification period. However, long-term cold stratification, alternating temperature, and aerobic conditions were more important for germination of S. alterniflora than light. Removal of soil seed banks within 8 weeks of cold stratification after seed dispersals with matured seeds may be effective approaches for disrupting the germination of S. alterniflora.
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Wang Z, Xie L, Prather CM, Guo H, Han G, Ma C. What drives the shift between sexual and clonal reproduction of Caragana stenophylla along a climatic aridity gradient? BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:91. [PMID: 29788911 PMCID: PMC5964679 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1313-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reasons that clonal plants shift between sexual and clonal reproduction have persisted as a knowledge gap in ecological literature. We hypothesized that clonal plants' shifts between sexual and clonal reproduction in different environments are driven by the relative costs of sexual and clonal reproduction. Moreover, we hypothesized plants prioritize sexual reproduction over clonal reproduction. To test these hypotheses, we determined the costs of sexual and clonal reproduction, and proportions of sexual and clonal reproduction of Caragana stenophylla along a climatic aridity gradient (semi-arid, arid, very arid and intensively arid zones) in the Inner Mongolia Steppe using several complementary field experiments. RESULTS The cost of sexual reproduction increased while the cost of clonal reproduction decreased as climatic drought stress increased from the semi-arid to the intensively arid zones. The changes in the costs of these reproductive modes drove a shift in the reproductive mode of C. stenophylla from more sexual reproduction in the semi-arid zone to more clonal propagation in the intensively arid zone. However, because of the evolutionary advantages of sexual reproduction, sexual reproduction still held priority over clonal production in C. stenophylla, with the priority of sexual reproduction gradually increasing from the semi-arid to the intensively arid zones. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that sexual reproduction has relatively high priority in propagation of C. stenophylla. However, if the costs of sexual reproduction are too high, C. stenophylla likely chooses clonal reproduction, and the ratio between sexual and clonal reproduction could be mediated by reproductive cost. These reproductive strategies reflect optimal resource utilization, and allow the persistence of both reproductive modes across stressful conditions depending on their evolutionary advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwu Wang
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018 China
| | - Lina Xie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387 China
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China
| | | | - Hongyu Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387 China
| | - Guodong Han
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018 China
| | - Chengcang Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387 China
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Rafajlović M, Kleinhans D, Gulliksson C, Fries J, Johansson D, Ardehed A, Sundqvist L, Pereyra RT, Mehlig B, Jonsson PR, Johannesson K. Neutral processes forming large clones during colonization of new areas. J Evol Biol 2017; 30:1544-1560. [PMID: 28557006 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In species reproducing both sexually and asexually clones are often more common in recently established populations. Earlier studies have suggested that this pattern arises due to natural selection favouring generally or locally successful genotypes in new environments. Alternatively, as we show here, this pattern may result from neutral processes during species' range expansions. We model a dioecious species expanding into a new area in which all individuals are capable of both sexual and asexual reproduction, and all individuals have equal survival rates and dispersal distances. Even under conditions that favour sexual recruitment in the long run, colonization starts with an asexual wave. After colonization is completed, a sexual wave erodes clonal dominance. If individuals reproduce more than one season, and with only local dispersal, a few large clones typically dominate for thousands of reproductive seasons. Adding occasional long-distance dispersal, more dominant clones emerge, but they persist for a shorter period of time. The general mechanism involved is simple: edge effects at the expansion front favour asexual (uniparental) recruitment where potential mates are rare. Specifically, our model shows that neutral processes (with respect to genotype fitness) during the population expansion, such as random dispersal and demographic stochasticity, produce genotype patterns that differ from the patterns arising in a selection model. The comparison with empirical data from a post-glacially established seaweed species (Fucus radicans) shows that in this case, a neutral mechanism is strongly supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rafajlović
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- The Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - D Kleinhans
- The Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C Gulliksson
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J Fries
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - D Johansson
- The Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - A Ardehed
- The Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - L Sundqvist
- The Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - R T Pereyra
- The Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - B Mehlig
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- The Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P R Jonsson
- The Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - K Johannesson
- The Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö, Strömstad, Sweden
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Kim ES, Zaya DN, Fant JB, Ashley MV. Genetic factors accelerate demographic decline in rare Asclepias species. CONSERV GENET 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-014-0663-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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7
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Liu H, Lin Z, Qi X, Zhang M, Yang H. The relative importance of sexual and asexual reproduction in the spread of Spartina alterniflora using a spatially explicit individual-based model. Ecol Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-014-1181-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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8
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Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt K, Bąba W. The Influence of Standing Vegetation Height on the Reproductive Allocation in Populations of Serratula tinctoriaL. (Asteraceae). POLISH JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.3161/104.062.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Wang YJ, Shi XP, Zhong ZC. The relative importance of sexual reproduction and clonal propagation in rhizomatous herb Iris japonica Thunb. from two habitats of Jinyun Mountain, Southwest China. RUSS J ECOL+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s106741361303017x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Kaljund K, Leht M, Jaaska V. Highly variable clonal diversity and spatial structure in populations of sickle medic. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Johannesson K, Johansson D, Larsson KH, Huenchuñir CJ, Perus J, Forslund H, Kautsky L, Pereyra RT. FREQUENT CLONALITY IN FUCOIDS (FUCUS RADICANS AND FUCUS VESICULOSUS; FUCALES, PHAEOPHYCEAE) IN THE BALTIC SEA(1). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2011; 47:990-8. [PMID: 27020180 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Asexual reproduction by cloning may affect the genetic structure of populations, their potential to evolve, and, among foundation species, contributions to ecosystem functions. Macroalgae of the genus Fucus are known to produce attached plants only by sexual recruitment. Recently, however, clones of attached plants recruited by asexual reproduction were observed in a few populations of Fucus radicans Bergström et L. Kautsky and F. vesiculosus L. inside the Baltic Sea. Herein we assess the distribution and prevalence of clonality in Baltic fucoids using nine polymorphic microsatellite loci and samples of F. radicans and F. vesiculosus from 13 Baltic sites. Clonality was more common in F. radicans than in F. vesiculosus, and in both species it tended to be most common in northern Baltic sites, although variation among close populations was sometimes extensive. Individual clonal lineages were mostly restricted to single or nearby locations, but one clonal lineage of F. radicans dominated five of 10 populations and was widely distributed over 550 × 100 km of coast. Populations dominated by a few clonal lineages were common in F. radicans, and these were less genetically variable than in other populations. As thalli recruited by cloning produced gametes, a possible explanation for this reduced genetic variation is that dominance of one or a few clonal lineages biases the gamete pool resulting in a decreased effective population size and thereby loss of genetic variation by genetic drift. Baltic fucoids are important habitat-forming species, and genetic structure and presence of clonality have implications for conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Johannesson
- Department of Marine Ecology - Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, SE-452 96 Strömstad, SwedenDepartment of Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Åbo, FinlandDepartment of Botany, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Marine Ecology - Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, SE-452 96 Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Daniel Johansson
- Department of Marine Ecology - Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, SE-452 96 Strömstad, SwedenDepartment of Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Åbo, FinlandDepartment of Botany, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Marine Ecology - Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, SE-452 96 Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Karl H Larsson
- Department of Marine Ecology - Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, SE-452 96 Strömstad, SwedenDepartment of Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Åbo, FinlandDepartment of Botany, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Marine Ecology - Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, SE-452 96 Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Cecilia J Huenchuñir
- Department of Marine Ecology - Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, SE-452 96 Strömstad, SwedenDepartment of Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Åbo, FinlandDepartment of Botany, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Marine Ecology - Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, SE-452 96 Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Jens Perus
- Department of Marine Ecology - Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, SE-452 96 Strömstad, SwedenDepartment of Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Åbo, FinlandDepartment of Botany, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Marine Ecology - Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, SE-452 96 Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Helena Forslund
- Department of Marine Ecology - Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, SE-452 96 Strömstad, SwedenDepartment of Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Åbo, FinlandDepartment of Botany, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Marine Ecology - Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, SE-452 96 Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Lena Kautsky
- Department of Marine Ecology - Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, SE-452 96 Strömstad, SwedenDepartment of Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Åbo, FinlandDepartment of Botany, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Marine Ecology - Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, SE-452 96 Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Ricardo T Pereyra
- Department of Marine Ecology - Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, SE-452 96 Strömstad, SwedenDepartment of Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Åbo, FinlandDepartment of Botany, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Marine Ecology - Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, SE-452 96 Strömstad, Sweden
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