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Aleza P, Garavello MF, Rouiss H, Benedict AC, Garcia-Lor A, Hernández M, Navarro L, Ollitrault P. Inheritance pattern of tetraploids pummelo, mandarin, and their interspecific hybrid sour orange is highly influenced by their phylogenomic structure. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1327872. [PMID: 38143579 PMCID: PMC10739408 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1327872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Citrus polyploidy is associated with a wide range of morphological, genetic, and physiological changes that are often advantageous for breeding. Citrus triploid hybrids are very interesting as new seedless varieties. However, tetraploid rootstocks promote adaptation to different abiotic stresses and promote resilience. Triploid and tetraploid hybrids can be obtained through sexual hybridizations using tetraploid parents (2x × 4x, 4x × 2x, or 4x × 4x), but more knowledge is needed about the inheritance pattern of tetraploid parents to optimize the efficiency of triploid varieties and tetraploid rootstock breeding strategies. In this work, we have analyzed the inheritance pattern of three tetraploid genotypes: 'Chandler' pummelo (Citrus maxima) and 'Cleopatra' mandarin (Citrus reticulata), which represent two clear examples of autotetraploid plants constituted by the genome of a single species, and the 'Sevillano' sour orange, which is an allotetraploid interspecific hybrid between C. maxima and C. reticulata. Polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were used to estimate parental heterozygosity restitution, and allele frequencies for centromeric loci were used to calculate the preferential pairing rate related to the proportion of disomic and tetrasomic segregation. The tetraploid pummelo and mandarin displayed tetrasomic segregation. Sour orange evidenced a clear intermediate inheritance for five of the nine chromosomes (1, 2, 5, 7, and 8), a slight tendency toward tetrasomic inheritance on chromosome 3, and intermediate inheritance with a tendency toward disomy for chromosomes 4, 6, and 9. These results indicate that the interspecific versus intraspecific phylogenomic origin affects preferential pairing and, therefore, the inheritance patterns. Despite its high level of heterozygosity, the important preferential chromosome pairing observed in sour orange results in a limited diversity of the genotypic variability of its diploid gametes, and consequently, a large part of the genetic value of the original diploid sour orange is transferred to the tetraploid progenies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Aleza
- Departamento de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Fernando Garavello
- Concordia Agricultural Experimental Station, National Agricultural Technology Institute, Concordia, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Houssem Rouiss
- Departamento de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Cristina Benedict
- Departamento de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andres Garcia-Lor
- Departamento de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Hernández
- Departamento de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Navarro
- Departamento de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Patrick Ollitrault
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes Méditerranéennes et Tropicales (UMR AGAP) Institut, Montpellier, France
- AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
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Adorisio S, Muscari I, Fierabracci A, Thi Thuy T, Marchetti MC, Ayroldi E, Delfino DV. Biological effects of bergamot and its potential therapeutic use as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer agent. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:639-646. [PMID: 37067190 PMCID: PMC10114982 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2197010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Context: Bergamot, mainly produced in the Ionian coastal areas of Southern Italy (Calabria), has been used since 1700 for its balsamic and medicinal properties. Phytochemical profiling has confirmed that bergamot juices are rich in flavonoids, including flavone and flavanone glycosides which are responsible for its beneficial effects.Objective: Recently, it was shown that the combination of natural compounds with conventional treatments improves the efficacy of anticancer therapies. Natural compounds with anticancer properties attack cancerous cells without being toxic to healthy cells. Bergamot can induce cytotoxic and apoptotic effects and prevent cell proliferation in various cancer cells.Methods: In this review, the antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of bergamot are described. Information was compiled from databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using the key words 'bergamot' accompanied by 'inflammation' and, 'cancer' for data published from 2015-2021.Results: In vitro and in vivo studies provided evidence that different forms of bergamot (extract, juice, essential oil, and polyphenolic fraction) can affect several mechanisms that lead to anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects that decrease cell growth, as well as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.Conclusions: Considering the effects of bergamot and its new formulations, we affirm the importance of its rational use in humans and illustrate how bergamot can be utilized in clinical applications. Numerous studies evaluated the effect of new bergamot formulations that can affect the absorption and, therefore, the final effects by altering the therapeutic profile of bergamot and enhancing the scientific knowledge of bergamot.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabella Muscari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Trinh Thi Thuy
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Cau Giay, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Maria Cristina Marchetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Emira Ayroldi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Zhang H, Ding J, Holstein N, Wang N. Betula mcallisteri sp. nov. (sect. Acuminatae, Betulaceae), a new diploid species overlooked in the wild and in cultivation, and its relation to the widespread B. luminifera. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1113274. [PMID: 37324661 PMCID: PMC10268003 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1113274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Taxa are traditionally identified using morphological proxies for groups of evolutionarily isolated populations. These proxies are common characters deemed by taxonomists as significant. However, there is no general rule on which character or sets of characters are appropriate to circumscribe taxa, leading to discussions and uncertainty. Birch species are notoriously hard to identify due to strong morphological variability and factors such as hybridization and the existence of several ploidy levels. Here, we present evidence for an evolutionarily isolated line of birches from China that are not distinguishable by traditionally assumed taxon recognition proxies, such as fruit or leaf characters. We have discovered that some wild material in China and some cultivated in the Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh, formerly recognized as Betula luminifera, differ from other individuals by having a peeling bark and a lack of cambial fragrance. We use restriction site-associated DNA sequencing and flow cytometry to study the evolutionary status of the unidentified Betula samples to assess the extent of hybridization between the unidentified Betula samples and typical B. luminifera in natural populations. Molecular analyses show the unidentified Betula samples as a distinct lineage and reveal very little genetic admixture between the unidentified samples and B. luminifera. This may also be facilitated by the finding that B. luminifera is tetraploid, while the unidentified samples turned out to be diploid. We therefore conclude that the samples represent a yet unrecognized species, which is here described as Betula mcallisteri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayu Zhang
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of The Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Junyi Ding
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of The Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Norbert Holstein
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nian Wang
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of The Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
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Calvez L, Dereeper A, Perdereau A, Mournet P, Miranda M, Bruyère S, Hufnagel B, Froelicher Y, Lemainque A, Morillon R, Ollitrault P. Meiotic Behaviors of Allotetraploid Citrus Drive the Interspecific Recombination Landscape, the Genetic Structures, and Traits Inheritance in Tetrazyg Progenies Aiming to Select New Rootstocks. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1630. [PMID: 37111854 PMCID: PMC10146282 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Sexual breeding at the tetraploid level is a promising strategy for rootstock breeding in citrus. Due to the interspecific origin of most of the conventional diploid citrus rootstocks that produced the tetraploid germplasm, the optimization of this strategy requires better knowledge of the meiotic behavior of the tetraploid parents. This work used Genotyping By Sequencing (GBS) data from 103 tetraploid hybrids to study the meiotic behavior and generate a high-density recombination landscape for their tetraploid intergenic Swingle citrumelo and interspecific Volkamer lemon progenitors. A genetic association study was performed with root architecture traits. For citrumelo, high preferential chromosome pairing was revealed and led to an intermediate inheritance with a disomic tendency. Meiosis in Volkamer lemon was more complex than that of citrumelo, with mixed segregation patterns from disomy to tetrasomy. The preferential pairing resulted in low interspecific recombination levels and high interspecific heterozygosity transmission by the diploid gametes. This meiotic behavior affected the efficiency of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) detection. Nevertheless, it enabled a high transmission of disease and pest resistance candidate genes from P. trifoliata that are heterozygous in the citrumelo progenitor. The tetrazyg strategy, using doubled diploids of interspecific origin as parents, appears to be efficient in transferring the dominant traits selected at the parental level to the tetraploid progenies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lény Calvez
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, F-97170 Petit-Bourg, France; (L.C.); (A.D.); (S.B.); (B.H.)
- UMR AGAP, Institut Agro, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (P.M.); (M.M.); (Y.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Alexis Dereeper
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, F-97170 Petit-Bourg, France; (L.C.); (A.D.); (S.B.); (B.H.)
- UMR AGAP, Institut Agro, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (P.M.); (M.M.); (Y.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Aude Perdereau
- Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91000 Evry, France; (A.P.)
| | - Pierre Mournet
- UMR AGAP, Institut Agro, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (P.M.); (M.M.); (Y.F.); (R.M.)
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Maëva Miranda
- UMR AGAP, Institut Agro, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (P.M.); (M.M.); (Y.F.); (R.M.)
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Saturnin Bruyère
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, F-97170 Petit-Bourg, France; (L.C.); (A.D.); (S.B.); (B.H.)
- UMR AGAP, Institut Agro, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (P.M.); (M.M.); (Y.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Barbara Hufnagel
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, F-97170 Petit-Bourg, France; (L.C.); (A.D.); (S.B.); (B.H.)
- UMR AGAP, Institut Agro, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (P.M.); (M.M.); (Y.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Yann Froelicher
- UMR AGAP, Institut Agro, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (P.M.); (M.M.); (Y.F.); (R.M.)
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, F-20230 San Giuliano, France
| | - Arnaud Lemainque
- Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91000 Evry, France; (A.P.)
| | - Raphaël Morillon
- UMR AGAP, Institut Agro, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (P.M.); (M.M.); (Y.F.); (R.M.)
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Ollitrault
- UMR AGAP, Institut Agro, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (P.M.); (M.M.); (Y.F.); (R.M.)
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, F-34398 Montpellier, France
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Montalt R, Cuenca J, Vives MC, Mournet P, Navarro L, Ollitrault P, Aleza P. Genotyping by Sequencing for SNP-Based Linkage Analysis and the Development of KASPar Markers for Male Sterility and Polyembryony in Citrus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1567. [PMID: 37050193 PMCID: PMC10096700 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Polyembryony and male sterility (MS) are essential characters for citrus breeding. MS, coupled with parthenocarpy, allows for addressing the diversification of diploid seedless mandarin varieties, and nucleocytoplasmic MS is the most prevalent system. Polyembryony limits the use of seed parents in scion breeding programs, and the recovery of monoembryonic hybrids to be used as female parents is a crucial pre-breeding component. The objectives of this work were the identification of SNPs closely linked with the genes implied in these traits for marker-assisted selection. Genotyping by sequencing was used to genotype 61 diploid hybrids from an F1 progeny recovered from crossing 'Kiyomi' and 'Murcott' tangors. A total of 6444 segregating markers were identified and used to establish the two parental genetic maps. They consisted of 1374 and 697 markers encompassing 1416.287 and 1339.735 cM for 'Kiyomi' and 'Murcott', respectively. Phenotyping for MS and polyembryony was performed. The genotype-trait association study identified a genomic region on LG8 which was significantly associated with MS, and a genomic region on LG1 which was significantly associated with polyembryony. Annotation of the identified region for MS revealed 19 candidate genes. One SNP KASPar marker was developed and fully validated for each trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Montalt
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Cuenca
- Agrupación de Viveristas de Agrios (AVASA), 12570 Castellón, Spain
| | - María Carmen Vives
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pierre Mournet
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, 34398 Montpellier, France
- UMR AGAP, Institut Agro, CIRAD, INRAE, Université Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Luis Navarro
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Patrick Ollitrault
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, 34398 Montpellier, France
- UMR AGAP, Institut Agro, CIRAD, INRAE, Université Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Pablo Aleza
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), 46113 Valencia, Spain
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Volk GM, Gmitter FG, Krueger RR. Conserving Citrus Diversity: From Vavilov's Early Explorations to Genebanks around the World. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:814. [PMID: 36840162 PMCID: PMC9964561 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Citrus is among the most economically important fruit crops. Its vast species diversity and global production was observed by N.I. Vavilov during his international plant explorations from the early to mid-1900s. Currently, ex situ citrus collections located around the world conserve and protect citrus genetic resources, as revealed in a survey conducted in 2021. Responses were received from 43 collections in 27 countries, of which 35 provided data regarding collection composition, management practices, and security, as well as other information. The six largest citrus collections have between 1000 and 1735 accessions. The largest accession holdings are mandarins and sweet oranges, although all citrus fruit types are maintained: mandarin, sweet orange, lemon, pummelo, grapefruit, hybrids, lime, sour orange, citron, kumquat, papeda, finger lime, and crop wild relatives. Diseases pose significant threats to collections, though some collections are maintained in a clean-plant state as a result of intensive sanitation efforts. National and regional quarantine regulations often limit the export and import of citrus plants or propagative materials, thus limiting the availability of materials at an international level. Resources, both financial and human, are necessary to ensure the long-term safety and security of citrus collections on a global scale. Future efforts to develop citrus genebanking communities will provide opportunities for improved conservation, as well as collaborations and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayle M. Volk
- USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation, 1111 S. Mason St., Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Frederick G. Gmitter
- Citrus Research and Education Center (CREC), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
| | - Robert R. Krueger
- USDA-ARS National Germplasm Repository for Citrus and Dates, 1060 Martin Luther King Blvd., Riverside, CA 92507, USA
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Sardos J, Breton C, Perrier X, Van den Houwe I, Carpentier S, Paofa J, Rouard M, Roux N. Hybridization, missing wild ancestors and the domestication of cultivated diploid bananas. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:969220. [PMID: 36275535 PMCID: PMC9586208 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.969220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization and introgressions are important evolutionary forces in plants. They contribute to the domestication of many species, including understudied clonal crops. Here, we examine their role in the domestication of a clonal crop of outmost importance, banana (Musa ssp.). We used genome-wide SNPs generated for 154 diploid banana cultivars and 68 samples of the wild M. acuminata to estimate and geo-localize the contribution of the different subspecies of M. acuminata to cultivated banana. We further investigated the wild to domesticate transition in New Guinea, an important domestication center. We found high levels of admixture in many cultivars and confirmed the existence of unknown wild ancestors with unequal contributions to cultivated diploid. In New Guinea, cultivated accessions exhibited higher diversity than their direct wild ancestor, the latter recovering from a bottleneck. Introgressions, balancing selection and positive selection were identified as important mechanisms for banana domestication. Our results shed new lights on the radiation of M. acuminata subspecies and on how they shaped banana domestication. They point candidate regions of origin for two unknown ancestors and suggest another contributor in New Guinea. This work feed research on the evolution of clonal crops and has direct implications for conservation, collection, and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Sardos
- Bioversity International, Parc Scientifique Agropolis II, Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Breton
- Bioversity International, Parc Scientifique Agropolis II, Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Perrier
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, Montpellier, France
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Janet Paofa
- Papua New Guinea (PNG) National Agricultural Research Institute, Southern Regional Centre, Laloki, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - Mathieu Rouard
- Bioversity International, Parc Scientifique Agropolis II, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Roux
- Bioversity International, Parc Scientifique Agropolis II, Montpellier, France
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Alves MN, Raiol-Junior LL, Girardi EA, Miranda M, Wulff NA, Carvalho EV, Lopes SA, Ferro JA, Ollitrault P, Peña L. Insight into resistance to ' Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus,' associated with Huanglongbing, in Oceanian citrus genotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1009350. [PMID: 36160987 PMCID: PMC9500433 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1009350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB), the most destructive citrus disease, is associated with unculturable, phloem-limited Candidatus Liberibacter species, mainly Ca. L. asiaticus (Las). Las is transmitted naturally by the insect Diaphorina citri. In a previous study, we determined that the Oceanian citrus relatives Eremocitrus glauca, Microcitrus warburgiana, Microcitrus papuana, and Microcitrus australis and three hybrids among them and Citrus were full-resistant to Las. After 2 years of evaluations, leaves of those seven genotypes remained Las-free even with their susceptible rootstock being infected. However, Las was detected in their stem bark above the scion-rootstock graft union. Aiming to gain an understanding of the full-resistance phenotype, new experiments were carried out with the challenge-inoculated Oceanian citrus genotypes through which we evaluated: (1) Las acquisition by D. citri fed onto them; (2) Las infection in sweet orange plants grafted with bark or budwood from them; (3) Las infection in sweet orange plants top-grafted onto them; (4) Las infection in new shoots from rooted plants of them; and (5) Las infection in new shoots of them after drastic back-pruning. Overall, results showed that insects that fed on plants from the Oceanian citrus genotypes, their canopies, new flushes, and leaves from rooted cuttings evaluated remained quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-negative. Moreover, their budwood pieces were unable to infect sweet orange through grafting. Furthermore, sweet orange control leaves resulted infected when insects fed onto them and graft-receptor susceptible plants. Genomic and morphological analysis of the Oceanian genotypes corroborated that E. glauca and M. warburgiana are pure species while our M. australis accession is an M. australis × M. inodora hybrid and M. papuana is probably a M. papuana × M. warburgiana hybrid. E. glauca × C. sinensis hybrid was found coming from a cross between E. glauca and mandarin or tangor. Eremocitrus × Microcitrus hybrid is a complex admixture of M. australasica, M. australis, and E. glauca while the last hybrid is an M. australasica × M. australis admixture. Confirmation of consistent full resistance in these genotypes with proper validation of their genomic parentages is essential to map properly genomic regions for breeding programs aimed to generate new Citrus-like cultivars yielding immunity to HLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica N. Alves
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura, Araraquara, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Laudecir L. Raiol-Junior
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura, Araraquara, Brazil
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A. Girardi
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura, Araraquara, Brazil
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
| | - Maéva Miranda
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, Montpellier, France
- AGAP Institut, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Everton V. Carvalho
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura, Araraquara, Brazil
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
| | | | - Jesus A. Ferro
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Patrick Ollitrault
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, Montpellier, France
- AGAP Institut, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Leandro Peña
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura, Araraquara, Brazil
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Summo M, Comte A, Martin G, Perelle P, Weitz EM, Droc G, Rouard M. GeMo: a web-based platform for the visualization and curation of genome ancestry mosaics. Database (Oxford) 2022; 2022:6645005. [PMID: 35849014 PMCID: PMC9290862 DOI: 10.1093/database/baac057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In silico chromosome painting is a technique by which contributions of distinct genetic groups are represented along chromosomes of hybrid individuals. This type of analysis is used to study the mechanisms by which these individuals were formed. Such techniques are well adapted to identify genetic groups contributing to these individuals as well as hybridization events. It can also be used to follow chromosomal recombinations that occurred naturally or were generated by selective breeding. Here, we present GeMo, a novel interactive web-based and user-oriented interface to visualize in a linear-based fashion results of in silico chromosome painting. To facilitate data input generation, a script to execute analytical commands is provided and an interactive data curation mode is supported to ensure consistency of the automated procedure. GeMo contains preloaded datasets from published studies on crop domestication but can be applied to other purposes, such as breeding programs Although only applied so far on plants, GeMo can handle data from animals as well. Database URL: https://gemo.southgreen.fr/
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyne Summo
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut , Montpellier 34398, France
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro , Montpellier, 34398, France
- French Institute of Bioinformatics (IFB)—South Green Bioinformatics Platform, Bioversity, CIRAD, INRAE, IRD , Montpellier 34398, France
| | - Aurore Comte
- French Institute of Bioinformatics (IFB)—South Green Bioinformatics Platform, Bioversity, CIRAD, INRAE, IRD , Montpellier 34398, France
- IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, PHIM Plant Health Institute, Montpellier University , Montpellier 34398, France
| | - Guillaume Martin
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut , Montpellier 34398, France
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro , Montpellier, 34398, France
- French Institute of Bioinformatics (IFB)—South Green Bioinformatics Platform, Bioversity, CIRAD, INRAE, IRD , Montpellier 34398, France
| | - Pierrick Perelle
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut , Montpellier 34398, France
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro , Montpellier, 34398, France
| | - Eric M Weitz
- Data Sciences Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , 105 Broadway, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gaëtan Droc
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut , Montpellier 34398, France
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro , Montpellier, 34398, France
- French Institute of Bioinformatics (IFB)—South Green Bioinformatics Platform, Bioversity, CIRAD, INRAE, IRD , Montpellier 34398, France
| | - Mathieu Rouard
- French Institute of Bioinformatics (IFB)—South Green Bioinformatics Platform, Bioversity, CIRAD, INRAE, IRD , Montpellier 34398, France
- Bioversity International, Parc Scientifique Agropolis II , 34397, Montpellier, France
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10
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Böhnert T, Luebert F, Merklinger FF, Harpke D, Stoll A, Schneider JV, Blattner FR, Quandt D, Weigend M. Plant migration under long-lasting hyperaridity - phylogenomics unravels recent biogeographic history in one of the oldest deserts on Earth. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:1863-1875. [PMID: 35274308 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The post-Miocene climatic histories of arid environments have been identified as key drivers of dispersal and diversification. Here, we investigate how climatic history correlates with the historical biogeography of the Atacama Desert genus Cristaria (Malvaceae). We analyze phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography by using next-generation sequencing (NGS), molecular clock dating, Dispersal Extinction Cladogenesis and Bayesian sampling approaches. We employ a novel way to identify biogeographically meaningful regions as well as a rarely utilized program permitting the use of dozens of ancestral areas. Partial incongruence between the established taxonomy and our phylogenetic data argue for a complex historical biogeography with repeated introgression and incomplete lineage sorting. Cristaria originated in the central southern part of the Atacama Desert, from there the genus colonized other areas from the late Miocene onwards. The more recently diverged lineages appear to have colonized different habitats in the Atacama Desert during pluvial phases of the Pliocene and early Pleistocene. We show that NGS combined with near-comprehensive sampling can provide an unprecedented degree of phylogenetic resolution and help to correlate the historical biogeography of plant communities with cycles of arid and pluvial phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Böhnert
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Federico Luebert
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas and Departamento de Silvicultura y Conservación de la Naturaleza, Universidad de Chile, 8820000, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felix F Merklinger
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Sukkulenten-Sammlung Zürich/Grün Stadt Zürich, 8002, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dörte Harpke
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Alexandra Stoll
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas Ceaza, 1720256, La Serena, Chile
- Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de la Serena, 1720170, La Serena, Chile
| | - Julio V Schneider
- Botany and Molecular Evolution and Entomology III, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt, 60325, Germany
| | - Frank R Blattner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Dietmar Quandt
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Maximilian Weigend
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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11
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Sipiczki M. When barcoding fails: genome chimerisation (admixing) and reticulation obscure phylogenetic and taxonomic relationships. Mol Ecol Resour 2022; 22:1762-1785. [PMID: 35060340 PMCID: PMC9303175 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
DNA barcoding is based on the premise that the barcode sequences can distinguish individuals (strains) of different species because their sequence variation between species exceeds that within species. The primary barcodes used in fungal and yeast taxonomy are the ITS segments and the LSU (large subunit) D1/D2 domain of the homogenized multicopy rDNA repeats. The secondary barcodes are conserved segments of protein‐encoding genes, which usually have single copies in haploid genomes. This study shows that the analysis of barcode sequences fails to reconstruct accurate species trees and differentiate species when the organisms have chimeric genomes composed of admixed mosaics of different origins. It is shown that the type strains of 10 species of the pulcherrima clade of the ascomycetous yeast genus Metschnikowia cannot be differentiated with standard barcodes because their intragenomic diversity is comparable to or even higher than the interstrain diversity. The analysis of a large group of genes of the sequenced genomes of the clade and the viability and segregation of the hybrids of ex‐type strains indicate that the high intragenomic barcode differences can be attributed to admixed genome structures. Because of the mosaic structures of the genomes, the rDNA repeats do not form continuous arrays and thus cannot be homogenized. Since the highly diverse ITS and D1/D2 sequences of the type strains form a continuous pool including pseudogenes, the evolution of their rDNA appears to involve reticulation. The secondary barcode sequences and the nonbarcode genes included in the analysis show incongruent phylogenetic relationships among the type strains, which can also be attributed to differences in the phylogenetic histories of the genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Sipiczki
- Department of Genetics and Applied Microbiology University of Debrecn H‐4032 Debrecen Hungary
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12
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Conti G, Xoconostle-Cázares B, Marcelino-Pérez G, Hopp HE, Reyes CA. Citrus Genetic Transformation: An Overview of the Current Strategies and Insights on the New Emerging Technologies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:768197. [PMID: 34917104 PMCID: PMC8670418 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.768197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Citrus are among the most prevailing fruit crops produced worldwide. The implementation of effective and reliable breeding programs is essential for coping with the increasing demands of satisfactory yield and quality of the fruit as well as to deal with the negative impact of fast-spreading diseases. Conventional methods are time-consuming and of difficult application because of inherent factors of citrus biology, such as their prolonged juvenile period and a complex reproductive stage, sometimes presenting infertility, self-incompatibility, parthenocarpy, or polyembryony. Moreover, certain desirable traits are absent from cultivated or wild citrus genotypes. All these features are challenging for the incorporation of the desirable traits. In this regard, genetic engineering technologies offer a series of alternative approaches that allow overcoming the difficulties of conventional breeding programs. This review gives a detailed overview of the currently used strategies for the development of genetically modified citrus. We describe different aspects regarding genotype varieties used, including elite cultivars or extensively used scions and rootstocks. Furthermore, we discuss technical aspects of citrus genetic transformation procedures via Agrobacterium, regular physical methods, and magnetofection. Finally, we describe the selection of explants considering young and mature tissues, protoplast isolation, etc. We also address current protocols and novel approaches for improving the in vitro regeneration process, which is an important bottleneck for citrus genetic transformation. This review also explores alternative emerging transformation strategies applied to citrus species such as transient and tissue localized transformation. New breeding technologies, including cisgenesis, intragenesis, and genome editing by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), are also discussed. Other relevant aspects comprising new promoters and reporter genes, marker-free systems, and strategies for induction of early flowering, are also addressed. We provided a future perspective on the use of current and new technologies in citrus and its potential impact on regulatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Conti
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, UEDD INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina
- Cátedra de Genética, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Beatriz Xoconostle-Cázares
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Marcelino-Pérez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Horacio Esteban Hopp
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, UEDD INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular (FBMC), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina A. Reyes
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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13
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Wang H, Dang J, Wu D, Xie Z, Yan S, Luo J, Guo Q, Liang G. Genotyping of polyploid plants using quantitative PCR: application in the breeding of white-fleshed triploid loquats (Eriobotrya japonica). PLANT METHODS 2021; 17:93. [PMID: 34479588 PMCID: PMC8418031 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-021-00792-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ploidy manipulation is effective in seedless loquat breeding, in which flesh color is a key agronomic and economic trait. Few techniques are currently available for detecting the genotypes of polyploids in plants, but this ability is essential for most genetic research and molecular breeding. RESULTS We developed a system for genotyping by quantitative PCR (qPCR) that allowed flesh color genotyping in multiple tetraploid and triploid loquat varieties (lines). The analysis of 13 different ratios of DNA mixtures between two homozygous diploids (AA and aa) showed that the proportion of allele A has a high correlation (R2 = 0.9992) with parameter b [b = a1/(a1 + a2)], which is derived from the two normalized allele signals (a1 and a2) provided by qPCR. Cluster analysis and variance analysis from simulating triploid and tetraploid hybrids provided completely correct allelic configurations. Four genotypes (AAA, AAa, Aaa, aaa) were found in triploid loquats, and four (AAAA, AAAa, AAaa, Aaaa; absence of aaaa homozygotes) were found in tetraploid loquats. DNA markers analysis showed that the segregation of flesh color in all F1 hybrids conformed to Mendel's law. When tetraploid B431 was the female parent, more white-fleshed triploids occurred among the progeny. CONCLUSIONS qPCR can detect the flesh color genotypes of loquat polyploids and provides an alternative method for analyzing polyploid genotype and breeding, dose effects and allele-specific expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jiangbo Dang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhongyi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shuang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jingnan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qigao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Guolu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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14
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Demarcq B, Cavailles M, Lambert L, Schippa C, Ollitrault P, Luro F. Characterization of Odor-Active Compounds of Ichang Lemon ( Citrus wilsonii Tan.) and Identification of Its Genetic Interspecific Origin by DNA Genotyping. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3175-3188. [PMID: 33667086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ichang lemon is a citrus fruit whose rind gives off a delicious and much appreciated fragrance and flavor. The volatile components of the fruit peel of Ichang lemon were investigated by GC-MS and GC-O (AEDA method). Simultaneously, its genetic origin was identified by using diagnostic SNP markers specific to ancestral species and multiallelic SSR and InDel markers. Ichang lemon combines three ancestral genomes (Citrus maxima, Citrus ichangensis, and Citrus reticulata) and may be a pummelo × Yuzu hybrid. Although the major compounds of the Ichang lemon aromatic profile were present in Citrus junos, a few pummelo-specific compounds were also detected, such as indole and nootkatone, in agreement with its maternal lineage. 3-Methyl-3-sulfanylbutyl acetate, reported to occur in passion fruit and brewed coffee, was identified by GC-MS, GC-QTOF-MS, and GC-FTIR for the first time in citrus. This odor-active compound has a sulfurous, tropical fruity, green note.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Demarcq
- V Mane Fils SA, 620 Route de Grasse, 06620 Le Bar-sur-Loup, France
| | | | - Laetitia Lambert
- V Mane Fils SA, 620 Route de Grasse, 06620 Le Bar-sur-Loup, France
| | | | - Patrick Ollitrault
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-20230 San Giuliano, France
- UMR AGAP Institut, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 20230 San Giuliano, France
| | - Francois Luro
- UMR AGAP Institut, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 20230 San Giuliano, France
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15
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Fujii H, Nonaka K, Minamikawa MF, Endo T, Sugiyama A, Hamazaki K, Iwata H, Omura M, Shimada T. Allelic composition of carotenoid metabolic genes in 13 founders influences carotenoid composition in juice sac tissues of fruits among Japanese citrus breeding population. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246468. [PMID: 33539435 PMCID: PMC7861536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To enrich carotenoids, especially β-cryptoxanthin, in juice sac tissues of fruits via molecular breeding in citrus, allele mining was utilized to dissect allelic variation of carotenoid metabolic genes and identify an optimum allele on the target loci characterized by expression quantitative trait (eQTL) analysis. SNPs of target carotenoid metabolic genes in 13 founders of the Japanese citrus breeding population were explored using the SureSelect target enrichment method. An independent allele was determined based on the presence or absence of reliable SNPs, using trio analysis to confirm inheritability between parent and offspring. Among the 13 founders, there were 7 PSY alleles, 7 HYb alleles, 11 ZEP alleles, 5 NCED alleles, and 4 alleles for the eQTL that control the transcription levels of PDS and ZDS among the ancestral species, indicating that some founders acquired those alleles from them. The carotenoid composition data of 263 breeding pedigrees in juice sac tissues revealed that the phenotypic variance of carotenoid composition was similar to that in the 13 founders, whereas the mean of total carotenoid content increased. This increase in total carotenoid content correlated with the increase in either or both β-cryptoxanthin and violaxanthin in juice sac tissues. Bayesian statistical analysis between allelic composition of target genes and carotenoid composition in 263 breeding pedigrees indicated that PSY-a and ZEP-e alleles at PSY and ZEP loci had strong positive effects on increasing the total carotenoid content, including β-cryptoxanthin and violaxanthin, in juice sac tissues. Moreover, the pyramiding of these alleles also increased the β-cryptoxanthin content. Interestingly, the offset interaction between the alleles with increasing and decreasing effects on carotenoid content and the epistatic interaction among carotenoid metabolic genes were observed and these interactions complexed carotenoid profiles in breeding population. These results revealed that allele composition would highly influence the carotenoid composition in citrus fruits. The allelic genotype information for the examined carotenoid metabolic genes in major citrus varieties and the trio-tagged SNPs to discriminate the optimum alleles (PSY-a and ZEP-e) from the rest would promise citrus breeders carotenoid enrichment in fruit via molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Fujii
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Institute of Fruit and Tea Tree Science, Shimizu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nonaka
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Institute of Fruit and Tea Tree Science, Shimizu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mai F. Minamikawa
- Laboratory of Biometry and Bioinformatics, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Endo
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Institute of Fruit and Tea Tree Science, Shimizu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Aiko Sugiyama
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Suruga, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Hamazaki
- Laboratory of Biometry and Bioinformatics, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Iwata
- Laboratory of Biometry and Bioinformatics, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Omura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Suruga, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takehiko Shimada
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Institute of Fruit and Tea Tree Science, Shimizu, Shizuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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16
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Sivager G, Calvez L, Bruyere S, Boisne-Noc R, Brat P, Gros O, Ollitrault P, Morillon R. Specific Physiological and Anatomical Traits Associated With Polyploidy and Better Detoxification Processes Contribute to Improved Huanglongbing Tolerance of the Persian Lime Compared With the Mexican Lime. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:685679. [PMID: 34512684 PMCID: PMC8427660 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.685679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB) is presently a major threat to the citrus industry. Because of this disease, millions of trees are currently dying worldwide. The putative causal agent is a motile bacteria belonging to Candidatus Liberibacter spp., which is transmitted by psyllids. The bacteria is responsible for the synthesis of callose at the phloem sieve plate, leading to the obstruction of the pores that provide connections between adjacent sieve elements, thus limiting the symplastic transport of the sugars and starches synthesized in leaves to the other plant organs. The Persian triploid lime (Citrus latifolia) is one of the most HLB-tolerant citrus varieties, but the determinants associated with the tolerance are still unknown. HLB-infected diploid Mexican lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) and Persian lime were investigated. The leaf petiole was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to observe callose deposition at the phloem sieve plate. Leaf starch contents and detoxification enzyme activities were investigated. In the field, Persian lime leaves present more limited symptoms due to HLB than the Mexican lime leaves do. Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration decreased compared with control plants, but values remained greater in the Persian than in the Mexican lime. Analysis of the petiole sieve plate in control petiole samples showed that pores were approximately 1.8-fold larger in the Persian than in the Mexican lime. SEM analyses of petiole samples of symptomatic leaves showed the important deposition of callose into pores of Mexican and Persian limes, whereas biochemical analyses revealed better detoxification in Persian limes than in Mexican limes. Moreover, SEM analyses of infected petiole samples of asymptomatic leaves showed much larger callose depositions into the Mexican lime pores than in the Persian lime pores, whereas biochemical traits revealed much better behavior in Persian limes than in Mexican limes. Our results reveal that polyploids present specific behaviors associated with important physiological and biochemical determinants that may explain the better tolerance of the Persian lime against HLB compared with the Mexican lime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Sivager
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, Equipe SEAPAG, Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, French West Indies—UMR AGAP Institut, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Leny Calvez
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, Equipe SEAPAG, Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, French West Indies—UMR AGAP Institut, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Saturnin Bruyere
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, Equipe SEAPAG, Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, French West Indies—UMR AGAP Institut, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Rosiane Boisne-Noc
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, Equipe SEAPAG, Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, French West Indies—UMR AGAP Institut, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Brat
- CIRAD UMR Qualisud Dpt PERSYST-Qualisud, Univ. Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Gros
- C3MAG, UFR des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université des Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe
| | - Patrick Ollitrault
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, Equipe SEAPAG, Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, French West Indies—UMR AGAP Institut, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Raphaël Morillon
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, Equipe SEAPAG, Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, French West Indies—UMR AGAP Institut, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
- *Correspondence: Raphaël Morillon,
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17
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Ahmed D, Curk F, Evrard JC, Froelicher Y, Ollitrault P. Preferential Disomic Segregation and C. micrantha/C. medica Interspecific Recombination in Tetraploid 'Giant Key' Lime; Outlook for Triploid Lime Breeding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:939. [PMID: 32670332 PMCID: PMC7330052 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The triploid 'Tahiti' lime (C. x latifolia (Yu. Tanaka) Tanaka) naturally originated from a merger between a haploid ovule of lemon (C. x limon (L.) Burm) and a diploid pollen from a 'Mexican' lime (C. x aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swing). The very limited natural inter-varietal diversity and gametic sterility of C. latifolia requires a phylogenomic based reconstruction breeding strategy to insure its diversification. We developed a strategy based on interploid hybridization between diploid lemon and the doubled diploid 'Giant Key' lime. This lime is a doubled diploid of 'Mexican' lime, itself a natural interspecific F1 hybrid between C. medica L. and C. micrantha Wester. For an optimized breeding program, we analyzed the meiotic behavior of the allotetraploid lime, the genetic structure of its diploid gametes, the interspecific recombination between C. medica and C. micrantha, and constructed its genetic map. A population of 272 triploid hybrids was generated using 'Giant Key' lime as pollinator. One hundred fifty-eight SNPs diagnostic of C. micrantha, regularly distributed throughout the citrus genome were successfully developed and applied. The genetic structure of the diploid gametes was examined based on C. micrantha doses along the genome. The diploid gametes transmitted in average 91.17% of the parental interspecific C. medica/C. micrantha heterozygosity. Three chromosomes (2, 8, and 9) showed disomic segregation with high preferential pairing values, while the remaining chromosomes showed an intermediate inheritance with a preferential disomic trend. A total of 131 SNPs were assigned to nine linkage groups to construct the genetic map. It spanned 272.8 cM with a low average recombination rate (0.99 cM Mb-1) and high synteny and colinearity with the reference clementine genome. Our results confirmed that an efficient reconstruction breeding strategy for 'Tahiti' lime is possible, based on interploid hybridization using a doubled diploid of C. aurantiifolia. The tetraploid parent should be selected for favorable agronomic traits and its genetic value should be efficiently inherited by the progeny thanks to transmission of the high level of parental heterozygosity. However, it would require developing numerous progeny to overcome the linkage drag caused by the limited interspecific recombination associated with the predominant disomic inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalel Ahmed
- UMR AGAP, INRA, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, San Giuliano, France
| | - Franck Curk
- UMR AGAP, INRA, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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18
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Salonia F, Ciacciulli A, Poles L, Pappalardo HD, La Malfa S, Licciardello C. New Plant Breeding Techniques in Citrus for the Improvement of Important Agronomic Traits. A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1234. [PMID: 32922420 PMCID: PMC7456868 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
New plant breeding techniques (NPBTs) aim to overcome traditional breeding limits for fruit tree species, in order to obtain new varieties with improved organoleptic traits and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress, and to maintain fruit quality achieved over centuries by (clonal) selection. Knowledge on the gene(s) controlling a specific trait is essential for the use of NPBTs, such as genome editing and cisgenesis. In the framework of the international scientific community working on fruit tree species, including citrus, NPBTs have mainly been applied to address pathogen threats. Citrus could take advantage of NPBTs because of its complex species biology (seedlessness, apomixis, high heterozygosity, and long juvenility phase) and aptitude for in vitro manipulation. To our knowledge, genome editing in citrus via transgenesis has successful for induced resistance to Citrus bacterial canker in sweet orange and grapefruit using the resistance gene CsLOB1. In the future, NPBTs will also be used to improve fruit traits, making them healthier. The regeneration of plants following the application of NPBTs is a bottleneck, making it necessary to optimize the efficiency of current protocols. The strengths and weaknesses of using explants from young in vitro plantlets, and from mature plants, will be discussed. Other major issues addressed in this review are related to the requirement for marker-free systems and shortening the long juvenility phase. This review aims to summarize methods and approaches available in the literature that are suitable to citrus, focusing on the principles observed before the use of NPBTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Salonia
- CREA - Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Acireale, Italy
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Angelo Ciacciulli
- CREA - Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Acireale, Italy
| | - Lara Poles
- CREA - Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Acireale, Italy
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Stefano La Malfa
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- *Correspondence: Stefano La Malfa, ; Concetta Licciardello,
| | - Concetta Licciardello
- CREA - Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Acireale, Italy
- *Correspondence: Stefano La Malfa, ; Concetta Licciardello,
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19
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Luro F, Viglietti G, Marchi E, Costantino G, Scarpa GM, Tomi F, Paoli M, Curk F, Ollitrault P. Genetic, morphological and chemical investigations reveal the genetic origin of Pompia (C. medica tuberosa Risso & Poiteau) - An old endemic Sardinian citrus fruit. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 168:112083. [PMID: 31521382 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Citrus fruits have been introduced to the Mediterranean area from Asia for centuries and spontaneous crosses have generated several hybrid forms, some of which have had agricultural or industrial success while others have remained niche food or ornamental products, or have disappeared. Pompia (C. medica tuberosa Risso & Poiteau) is an old endemic citrus fruit from Sardinia of unknown genetic origin. Initial phenotypic and molecular characterizations revealed a high degree of similarity with lemon (C. limon (L.) Burm.) and citron (C. medica L.). To identify the ancestors of Pompia, 70 citrus species of the Citrus genus were genotyped with 36 codominant molecular markers (SSR and InDel) of nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes. Diversity analysis and allelic comparisons between each citrus species at each locus indicated that Pompia resembles lemon and limonette of Marrakech, i.e. the result of a cross between sour orange (C. aurantium L.) and citron, where citron was the pollinator. Two Italian citron varieties were identified as potential male parents, i.e. Diamante and Common Poncire. However, we were unable to differentiate varieties of sour oranges because varietal diversification in this horticultural group resulted from DNA sequence variations that SSR or InDel markers could not reveal. Rhob el Arsa and Poncire de Collioure were found to be two synonyms of Pompia. Pompia appeared to be equally distinct from citron, lemon and sour orange based on the overall analysis of the fruit, leaf and seed phenotype, and juice chemical composition. At the leaf level, the Pompia essential oil (EO) composition is close to that of citron whereas the zest is much closer to that of sour orange.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grazia Viglietti
- Dipartimento di Agraria Research Unit SACEG, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | | | | | - Grazia Maria Scarpa
- Dipartimento di Agraria Research Unit SACEG, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Felix Tomi
- Université de Corse - CNRS, Equipe Chimie et Biomasse, UMR SPE 6134, 20000 Ajaccio, France
| | - Mathieu Paoli
- Université de Corse - CNRS, Equipe Chimie et Biomasse, UMR SPE 6134, 20000 Ajaccio, France
| | - Franck Curk
- UMR AGAP INRA, Avenue Agropolis 34 398 Montpellier cedex 5, France
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Zhang S, Cai Y, Guo J, Li K, Peng R, Liu F, Roberts JA, Miao Y, Zhang X. Genotyping-by-Sequencing of Gossypium hirsutum Races and Cultivars Uncovers Novel Patterns of Genetic Relationships and Domestication Footprints. Evol Bioinform Online 2019; 15:1176934319889948. [PMID: 31798299 PMCID: PMC6868568 DOI: 10.1177/1176934319889948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the genetic rearrangement and domestication footprints in Gossypium hirsutum cultivars and primitive race genotypes are essential for effective gene conservation efforts and the development of advanced breeding molecular markers for marker-assisted breeding. In this study, 94 accessions representing the 7 primitive races of G hirsutum, along with 9 G hirsutum and 12 Gossypium barbadense cultivated accessions were evaluated. The genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach was employed and 146 558 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were generated. Distinct SNP signatures were identified through the combination of selection scans and association analyses. Phylogenetic analyses were also conducted, and we concluded that the Latifolium, Richmondi, and Marie-Galante race accessions were more genetically related to the G hirsutum cultivars and tend to cluster together. Fifty-four outlier SNP loci were identified by selection-scan analysis, and 3 SNPs were located in genes related to the processes of plant responding to stress conditions and confirmed through further genome-wide signals of marker-phenotype association analysis, which indicate a clear selection signature for such trait. These results identified useful candidate gene locus for cotton breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Zhang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yaling Cai
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jinggong Guo
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Kun Li
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Renhai Peng
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, China
| | - Jeremy A Roberts
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Yuchen Miao
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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21
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do Amaral M, Barbosa de Paula MF, Ollitrault F, Rivallan R, de Andrade Silva EM, da Silva Gesteira A, Luro F, Garcia D, Ollitrault P, Micheli F. Phylogenetic Origin of Primary and Secondary Metabolic Pathway Genes Revealed by C. maxima and C. reticulata Diagnostic SNPs. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1128. [PMID: 31608086 PMCID: PMC6771394 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Modern cultivated Citrus species and varieties result from interspecific hybridization between four ancestral taxa. Among them, Citrus maxima and Citrus reticulata, closely associated with the pummelo and mandarin horticultural groups, respectively, were particularly important as the progenitors of sour and sweet oranges (Citrus aurantium and Citrus sinensis), grapefruits (Citrus paradisi), and hybrid types resulting from modern breeding programs (tangors, tangelos, and orangelos). The differentiation between the four ancestral taxa and the phylogenomic structure of modern varieties widely drive the phenotypic diversity's organization. In particular, strong phenotypic differences exist in the coloration and sweetness and represent important criteria for breeders. In this context, focusing on the genes of the sugar, carotenoid, and chlorophyll biosynthesis pathways, the aim of this work was to develop a set of diagnostic single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to distinguish the ancestral haplotypes of C. maxima and C. reticulata and to provide information at the intraspecific diversity level (within C. reticulata or C. maxima). In silico analysis allowed the identification of 3,347 SNPs from selected genes. Among them, 1,024 were detected as potential differentiation markers between C. reticulata and C. maxima. A total of 115 SNPs were successfully developed using a competitive PCR technology. Their transferability among all Citrus species and the true citrus genera was very good, with only 0.87% of missing data. The ancestral alleles of the SNPs were identified, and we validated the usefulness of the developed markers for tracing the ancestral haplotype in large germplasm collections and sexually recombined progeny issued from the C. reticulata/C. maxima admixture gene pool. These markers will pave the way for targeted association studies based on ancestral haplotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena do Amaral
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Marcia Fabiana Barbosa de Paula
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edson Mario de Andrade Silva
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabienne Micheli
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
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Gomes Ferreira MD, Araújo Castro J, Santana Silva RJ, Micheli F. HVA22 from citrus: A small gene family whose some members are involved in plant response to abiotic stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 142:395-404. [PMID: 31408843 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The HVA22 gene has been isolated for the first time from the aleurone layer of barley (Hordeum vulgare). Here, we characterized the HVA22 family from citrus (C. clementina and C. sinensis). Twelve genes, 6 in each species, were identified as well as duplication events for some of them. The ORF size ranged from 235 to 804 bp and the protein molecular weight from 94 to 267 kDa. All the citrus HVA22 protein presented transmembrane location and conserved TB2/DP1/HVA22 region. Phylogenetic and gene expression analyses suggested that some citrus HVA22 play a role in flower and fruit development, and that gene expression may be regulated by hormone or environmental conditions. Other regulation levels were also predicted, such as alternative splicing and post-translational modifications. The overall data indicated that citrus HVA22 may be involved in vesicular traffic in stressed cells, and that CcHVA22d could be involved in dehydration tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacqueline Araújo Castro
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil; Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Baiano (IFBaiano), Governador Mangabeira, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Raner José Santana Silva
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabienne Micheli
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil; CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398, Montpellier, France.
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