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Pinus contorta Alters Microenvironmental Conditions and Reduces Plant Diversity in Patagonian Ecosystems. DIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/d15030320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Pinus contorta is considered one of the most invasive tree species worldwide, generating significant impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems. In several Patagonian ecosystems in southern Chile, it has escaped from plantations established mainly in the 1970s, and is now invading both forests and treeless environments. In this study, we evaluated the impact of the invasion of P. contorta on microenvironmental conditions in Araucaria araucana forest and Patagonian steppe ecosystems, and assessed how these changes related to the richness and abundance of native and non-native plant species. In each ecosystem, 24 plots of 100 m2 were established along a gradient of P. contorta biomass, where 18 environmental variables and the composition of native and non-native vegetation were measured at a local scale. Our results indicated that increased pine biomass was associated with differences in microclimatic conditions (soil and air temperature, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and soil moisture) and soil properties (potassium, nitrate, pH, and litter accumulation). These changes were ecosystem dependent, however, as well as associated with the level of invasion. Finally, the reduction in the richness and abundance of native plants was associated with the changes in soil properties (accumulation of leaf litter, pH, and organic matter) as well as in the microclimate (minimum air temperature, PAR) generated by the invasion of P. contorta. Overall, our results confirm that the invasion of P. contorta impacts microenvironmental conditions (i.e., canopy cover, litter accumulation, minimum air temperature, and maximum soil temperature) and reduces native plant diversity. For future restoration plans, more emphasis should be given to how environmental changes can influence the recovery of invaded ecosystems even after the removal of the living pine biomass (i.e., legacy of the invasion).
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Mason NWH, Kirk NA, Price RJ, Law R, Bowman R, Sprague RI. Science for social licence to arrest an ecosystem-transforming invasion. Biol Invasions 2023; 25:873-888. [PMID: 36439632 PMCID: PMC9676737 DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02953-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The primary role for scientific information in addressing complex environmental problems, such as biological invasions, is generally assumed to be as a guide for management decisions. However, scientific information often plays a minor role in decision-making, with practitioners instead relying on professional experience and local knowledge. We explore alternative pathways by which scientific information could help reduce the spread and impacts of invasive species. Our study centred on attempts to understand the main motivations and constraints of three local governance bodies responsible for the management of invasive (wilding) conifer species in the southern South Island of New Zealand in achieving strategic and operational goals. We used a combination of workshop discussions, questionnaire responses and visits to field sites to elicit feedback from study participants. We applied a mixed inductive-deductive thematic analysis approach to derive themes from the feedback received. The three main themes identified were: (1) impacts of wilding conifers and goals for wilding conifer control, (2) barriers to achieving medium- and long-term goals, and (3) science needed to support wilding conifer control. Participants identified reversal and prevention of both instrumental (e.g. reduced water availability for agriculture) and intrinsic (e.g. loss of biodiversity and landscape values) impacts of wilding conifer invasions as primary motivators behind wilding conifer control. Barriers to achieving goals were overwhelmingly social, relating either to unwillingness of landowners to participate or poorly designed regulatory frameworks. Consequently, science needs related primarily to gaining social licence to remove wilding conifers from private land and for more appropriate regulations. Scientific information provided via spread and impacts forecasting models was viewed as a key source of scientific information in gaining social licence. International experience suggests that invasive species control programmes often face significant external social barriers. Thus, for many biological invasions, the primary role of science might be to achieve social licence and regulatory support for the long-term goals of invasive species control programmes and the management interventions required to achieve those goals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Richard Law
- Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Richard Bowman
- New Zealand Wilding Conifer Group, 200 Tuam St, Christchurch Central City, Christchurch, 8011 New Zealand
| | - Rowan I. Sprague
- New Zealand Wilding Conifer Group, 200 Tuam St, Christchurch Central City, Christchurch, 8011 New Zealand
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Bellingham PJ, Arnst EA, Clarkson BD, Etherington TR, Forester LJ, Shaw WB, Sprague R, Wiser SK, Peltzer DA. The right tree in the right place? A major economic tree species poses major ecological threats. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTree species in the Pinaceae are some of the most widely introduced non-native tree species globally, especially in the southern hemisphere. In New Zealand, plantations of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) occupy c. 1.6 million ha and form 90% of planted forests. Although radiata pine has naturalized since 1904, there is a general view in New Zealand that this species has not invaded widely. We comprehensively review where radiata pine has invaded throughout New Zealand. We used a combination of observational data and climate niche modelling to reveal that invasion has occurred nationally. Climate niche modelling demonstrates that while current occurrences are patchy, up to 76% of the land area (i.e. 211,388 km2) is climatically capable of supporting populations. Radiata pine has mainly invaded grasslands and shrublands, but also some forests. Notably, it has invaded lower-statured vegetation, including three classes of naturally uncommon ecosystems, primary successions and secondary successions. Overall, our findings demonstrate pervasive and ongoing invasion of radiata pine outside plantations. The relatively high growth rates and per individual effects of radiata pine may result in strong effects on naturally uncommon ecosystems and may alter successional trajectories. Local and central government currently manage radiata pine invasions while propagule pressure from existing and new plantations grows, hence greater emphasis is warranted both on managing current invasions and proactively preventing future radiata pine invasions. We therefore recommend a levy on new non-native conifer plantations to offset costs of managing invasions, and stricter regulations to protect vulnerable ecosystems. A levy on economic uses of invasive species to offset costs of managing invasions alongside stricter regulations to protect vulnerable ecosystems could be a widely adopted measure to avert future negative impacts.
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Muster C, Leiva D, Morales C, Grafe M, Schloter M, Carú M, Orlando J. Peltigera frigida Lichens and Their Substrates Reduce the Influence of Forest Cover Change on Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:843490. [PMID: 35836424 PMCID: PMC9275751 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.843490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is one of the most critical macronutrients in forest ecosystems. More than 70 years ago, some Chilean Patagonian temperate forests suffered wildfires and the subsequent afforestation with foreign tree species such as pines. Since soil P turnover is interlinked with the tree cover, this could influence soil P content and bioavailability. Next to soil microorganisms, which are key players in P transformation processes, a vital component of Patagonian temperate forest are lichens, which represent microbial hotspots for bacterial diversity. In the present study, we explored the impact of forest cover on the abundance of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) from three microenvironments of the forest floor: Peltigera frigida lichen thallus, their underlying substrates, and the forest soil without lichen cover. We expected that the abundance of PSB in the forest soil would be strongly affected by the tree cover composition since the aboveground vegetation influences the edaphic properties; but, as P. frigida has a specific bacterial community, lichens would mitigate this impact. Our study includes five sites representing a gradient in tree cover types, from a mature forest dominated by the native species Nothofagus pumilio, to native second-growth forests with a gradual increase in the presence of Pinus contorta in the last sites. In each site, we measured edaphic parameters, P fractions, and the bacterial potential to solubilize phosphate by quantifying five specific marker genes by qPCR. The results show higher soluble P, labile mineral P, and organic matter in the soils of the sites with a higher abundance of P. contorta, while most of the molecular markers were less abundant in the soils of these sites. Contrarily, the abundance of the molecular markers in lichens and substrates was less affected by the tree cover type. Therefore, the bacterial potential to solubilize phosphate is more affected by the edaphic factors and tree cover type in soils than in substrates and thalli of P. frigida lichens. Altogether, these results indicate that the microenvironments of lichens and their substrates could act as an environmental buffer reducing the influence of forest cover composition on bacteria involved in P turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Muster
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Leiva
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Camila Morales
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martin Grafe
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schloter
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Margarita Carú
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julieta Orlando
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Julieta Orlando,
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Pearson DE, Clark TJ, Hahn PG. Evaluating unintended consequences of intentional species introductions and eradications for improved conservation management. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2022; 36:e13734. [PMID: 33734489 PMCID: PMC9291768 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Increasingly intensive strategies to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem function are being deployed in response to global anthropogenic threats, including intentionally introducing and eradicating species via assisted migration, rewilding, biological control, invasive species eradications, and gene drives. These actions are highly contentious because of their potential for unintended consequences. We conducted a global literature review of these conservation actions to quantify how often unintended outcomes occur and to elucidate their underlying causes. To evaluate conservation outcomes, we developed a community assessment framework for systematically mapping the range of possible interaction types for 111 case studies. Applying this tool, we quantified the number of interaction types considered in each study and documented the nature and strength of intended and unintended outcomes. Intended outcomes were reported in 51% of cases, a combination of intended outcomes and unintended outcomes in 26%, and strictly unintended outcomes in 10%. Hence, unintended outcomes were reported in 36% of all cases evaluated. In evaluating overall conservations outcomes (weighing intended vs. unintended effects), some unintended effects were fairly innocuous relative to the conservation objective, whereas others resulted in serious unintended consequences in recipient communities. Studies that assessed a greater number of community interactions with the target species reported unintended outcomes more often, suggesting that unintended consequences may be underreported due to insufficient vetting. Most reported unintended outcomes arose from direct effects (68%) or simple density-mediated or indirect effects (25%) linked to the target species. Only a few documented cases arose from more complex interaction pathways (7%). Therefore, most unintended outcomes involved simple interactions that could be predicted and mitigated through more formal vetting. Our community assessment framework provides a tool for screening future conservation actions by mapping the recipient community interaction web to identify and mitigate unintended outcomes from intentional species introductions and eradications for conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean E. Pearson
- Rocky Mountain Research StationU.S. Department of Agriculture Forest ServiceMissoulaMontanaUSA
- Division of Biological SciencesUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMontanaUSA
| | - Tyler J. Clark
- Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and ConservationUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMontanaUSA
| | - Philip G. Hahn
- Department of Entomology and NematologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
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Oduor AMO. Native plant species show evolutionary responses to invasion by Parthenium hysterophorus in an African savanna. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:983-994. [PMID: 34170513 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Invasive plant species often competitively displace native plant species but some populations of native plant species can evolve adaptation to competition from invasive plants and persist in invaded habitats. However, studies are lacking that examine how variation in abiotic conditions in invaded landscapes may affect fitness of native plants that have adapted to compete with invasive plants. I tested whether invasion by Parthenium hysterophorus in Nairobi National Park - Kenya may have selected for native plant individuals with greater competitive ability than conspecific naïve natives in nutrient-rich and mesic soil conditions. I compared vegetative growth and seed yields of invader-experienced and conspecific naïve individuals of seven native species. Invader-experienced natives grew shorter than naïve natives regardless of growth conditions. Nevertheless, the two groups of native plants also exhibited treatment-specific differences in competitive ability against P. hysterophorus. Invader-experienced natives displayed plasticity in seed yield under drought treatment, while naïve natives did not. Moreover, drought treatment enhanced competitive effects of invader-experienced natives on P. hysterophorus, while nutrient enrichment relaxed competitive effects of invader-experienced natives on the invader. The results suggest that P. hysterophorus may have selected for shorter native plant genotypes that also exhibit plasticity in competitive ability under drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayub M O Oduor
- Department of Applied Biology, Technical University of Kenya, PO Box 52428 - 00200, Nairobi, Kenya
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Policelli N, Vietorisz C, Bhatnagar JM, Nuñez MA. Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Invasions in Southern South America. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12994-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Cadotte MW, Potgieter LJ, Wang CJ, MacIvor JS. Invasion theory as a management tool for increasing native biodiversity in urban ecosystems. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc W. Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto‐Scarborough Toronto ON Canada
| | - Luke J. Potgieter
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto‐Scarborough Toronto ON Canada
| | - Chih Julie Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto‐Scarborough Toronto ON Canada
| | - J. Scott MacIvor
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto‐Scarborough Toronto ON Canada
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Pine invasion drives loss of soil fungal diversity. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02649-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Brancatelli GIE, Amodeo MR, Zalba SM. Seedling emergence and survival of invasive pines in Argentinian mountain grasslands. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02410-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Jacobson S, Hannerz M. Natural regeneration of lodgepole pine in boreal Sweden. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02262-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe large-scale introduction of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta ssp. latifolia, LP) into Swedish forests was initiated around 1970, and currently 520,000 hectares of the forest land are dominated by the species. Even though the tree has mostly serotine cones, adapted to open after forest fires, it has proved able to self-regenerate in Sweden. This study is the first to present, scientifically, the extent of self-regeneration covering the whole current range of LP-forests in Sweden. LP-saplings were recorded for three years, 2015–2017, in 8194 subplots distributed over 214 randomly selected LP-stands from latitude 59.6–66.9°N and altitude 88–710 m asl. Of all subplots, 3% contained LP-saplings, and regeneration was found in 53% of all stands. The probability of finding LP-saplings was significantly dependent on the plots’ distance from the edge of the LP-stand, and 78% of all saplings were found within and up to 15 m beyond the stand edge. Most, 63%, of the plots with LP were found on disturbed ground such as wheel tracks, roadsides and where there had been site preparation. The results show that LP can naturally spread under a range of conditions in the studied region. The regeneration is, however, concentrated in particular stands and should be possible to control with monitoring programmes and measures to eradicate self-dispersed trees in unwanted areas.
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Sapsford SJ, Brandt AJ, Davis KT, Peralta G, Dickie IA, Gibson RD, Green JL, Hulme PE, Nuñez MA, Orwin KH, Pauchard A, Wardle DA, Peltzer DA. Towards a framework for understanding the context dependence of impacts of non‐native tree species. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Sapsford
- School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
| | | | - Kimberley T. Davis
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences University of Montana Missoula MT USA
| | - Guadalupe Peralta
- School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research Lincoln New Zealand
| | - Ian A. Dickie
- School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Robert D. Gibson
- Bio‐Protection Research Centre Lincoln University Lincoln New Zealand
| | - Joanna L. Green
- School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Philip E. Hulme
- Bio‐Protection Research Centre Lincoln University Lincoln New Zealand
| | - Martin A. Nuñez
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones INIBIOMA CONICET‐Universidad Nacional del Comahue Bariloche Argentina
| | - Kate H. Orwin
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research Lincoln New Zealand
| | - Anibal Pauchard
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB) Facultad de Ciencias Forestales Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB) Santiago Chile
| | - David A. Wardle
- Asian School of the Environment Nanyang Technological University Singapore
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Peralta G, Dickie IA, Yeates GW, Peltzer DA. Community- and trophic-level responses of soil nematodes to removal of a non-native tree at different stages of invasion. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227130. [PMID: 31923283 PMCID: PMC6953854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Success of invasive non-native plant species management is usually measured as changes in the abundance of the invasive plant species or native plant species following invader management, but more complex trophic responses to invader removal are often ignored or assumed. Moreover, the effects of invader removal at different stages of the invasion process is rarely evaluated, despite a growing recognition that invader impacts are density or stage-dependent. Therefore, the effectiveness of invasive species management for restoring community structure and function across trophic levels remains poorly understood. We determined how soil nematode diversity and community composition respond to removal of the globally invasive tree species Pinus contorta at different stages of invasion by reanalysing and expanding an earlier study including uninvaded vegetation (seedlings removed continuously), early invader removal (saplings removed), late removal (trees removed), and no removal (invaded). These treatments allowed us to evaluate the stage-dependent belowground trophic responses to biological invasion and removal. We found that invaded plots had half the nematode taxa richness compared to uninvaded plots, and that tree invasion altered the overall composition of the nematode community. Differences in nematode community composition between uninvaded nematode communities and those under the tree removal strategy tended to dilute higher up the food chain, whereas the composition of uninvaded vs. sapling removal strategies did not differ significantly. Conversely, the composition of invaded compared to uninvaded nematode communities differed across all trophic levels, altering the community structure and function. Specifically, invaded communities were structurally simplified compared to uninvaded communities, and had a higher proportion of short life cycle nematodes, characteristic of disturbed environments. We demonstrate that a shift in management strategies for a globally invasive tree species from removing trees to earlier removal of saplings is needed for maintaining the composition and structure of soil nematode communities to resemble uninvaded conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian A. Dickie
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Castro‐Díez P, Vaz AS, Silva JS, van Loo M, Alonso Á, Aponte C, Bayón Á, Bellingham PJ, Chiuffo MC, DiManno N, Julian K, Kandert S, La Porta N, Marchante H, Maule HG, Mayfield MM, Metcalfe D, Monteverdi MC, Núñez MA, Ostertag R, Parker IM, Peltzer DA, Potgieter LJ, Raymundo M, Rayome D, Reisman‐Berman O, Richardson DM, Roos RE, Saldaña A, Shackleton RT, Torres A, Trudgen M, Urban J, Vicente JR, Vilà M, Ylioja T, Zenni RD, Godoy O. Global effects of non-native tree species on multiple ecosystem services. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1477-1501. [PMID: 30974048 PMCID: PMC6850375 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Non-native tree (NNT) species have been transported worldwide to create or enhance services that are fundamental for human well-being, such as timber provision, erosion control or ornamental value; yet NNTs can also produce undesired effects, such as fire proneness or pollen allergenicity. Despite the variety of effects that NNTs have on multiple ecosystem services, a global quantitative assessment of their costs and benefits is still lacking. Such information is critical for decision-making, management and sustainable exploitation of NNTs. We present here a global assessment of NNT effects on the three main categories of ecosystem services, including regulating (RES), provisioning (PES) and cultural services (CES), and on an ecosystem disservice (EDS), i.e. pollen allergenicity. By searching the scientific literature, country forestry reports, and social media, we compiled a global data set of 1683 case studies from over 125 NNT species, covering 44 countries, all continents but Antarctica, and seven biomes. Using different meta-analysis techniques, we found that, while NNTs increase most RES (e.g. climate regulation, soil erosion control, fertility and formation), they decrease PES (e.g. NNTs contribute less than native trees to global timber provision). Also, they have different effects on CES (e.g. increase aesthetic values but decrease scientific interest), and no effect on the EDS considered. NNT effects on each ecosystem (dis)service showed a strong context dependency, varying across NNT types, biomes and socio-economic conditions. For instance, some RES are increased more by NNTs able to fix atmospheric nitrogen, and when the ecosystem is located in low-latitude biomes; some CES are increased more by NNTs in less-wealthy countries or in countries with higher gross domestic products. The effects of NNTs on several ecosystem (dis)services exhibited some synergies (e.g. among soil fertility, soil formation and climate regulation or between aesthetic values and pollen allergenicity), but also trade-offs (e.g. between fire regulation and soil erosion control). Our analyses provide a quantitative understanding of the complex synergies, trade-offs and context dependencies involved for the effects of NNTs that is essential for attaining a sustained provision of ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Castro‐Díez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de AlcaláE‐28805Alcalá de HenaresSpain
| | - Ana Sofia Vaz
- Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources (InBIO‐CIBIO)Universidade do PortoPT4485‐661VairãoPortugal
- Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade do PortoPT4169‐007PortoPortugal
| | - Joaquim S. Silva
- College of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra3045‐601CoimbraPortugal
- Centre for Applied Ecology “Prof. Baeta Neves” (InBIO‐CEABN), School of AgricultureUniversity of LisbonPT1349‐017LisbonPortugal
| | - Marcela van Loo
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of Vienna1030ViennaAustria
| | - Álvaro Alonso
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de AlcaláE‐28805Alcalá de HenaresSpain
| | - Cristina Aponte
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, Faculty of ScienceThe University of MelbourneRichmondVictoria3121Australia
| | - Álvaro Bayón
- Department of Integrative EcologyEstación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC)E‐41092SevillaSpain
| | | | - Mariana C. Chiuffo
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones, INIBIOMAUniversidad Nacional del Comahue, CONICETAvenida de los Pioneros 2350San Carlos de BarilocheRío NegroArgentina
| | - Nicole DiManno
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Hawai'i at HiloHiloHI96720U.S.A.
| | - Kahua Julian
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Hawai'i at HiloHiloHI96720U.S.A.
| | | | - Nicola La Porta
- IASMA Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach38010TrentoItaly
- MOUNTFOR Project Centre, European Forest Institute38010TrentoItaly
| | - Hélia Marchante
- College of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra3045‐601CoimbraPortugal
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Coimbra3000‐456CoimbraPortugal
| | | | - Margaret M. Mayfield
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological SciencesBrisbaneQueensland4072Australia
| | - Daniel Metcalfe
- CSIRO Land and Water, Ecosciences PrecinctDutton ParkQueensland4102Australia
| | | | - Martín A. Núñez
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones, INIBIOMAUniversidad Nacional del Comahue, CONICETAvenida de los Pioneros 2350San Carlos de BarilocheRío NegroArgentina
| | - Rebecca Ostertag
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Hawai'i at HiloHiloHI96720U.S.A.
| | - Ingrid M. Parker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCA95060U.S.A.
| | | | - Luke J. Potgieter
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityMatieland7602South Africa
| | - Maia Raymundo
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological SciencesBrisbaneQueensland4072Australia
| | - Donald Rayome
- USDA Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands ForestryHiloHIU.S.A.
| | - Orna Reisman‐Berman
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands. Blaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen Gurion University of the NegevBeersheba84990Israel
| | - David M. Richardson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityMatieland7602South Africa
| | - Ruben E. Roos
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource ManagementNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Asunción Saldaña
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de AlcaláE‐28805Alcalá de HenaresSpain
| | - Ross T. Shackleton
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityMatieland7602South Africa
| | - Agostina Torres
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones, INIBIOMAUniversidad Nacional del Comahue, CONICETAvenida de los Pioneros 2350San Carlos de BarilocheRío NegroArgentina
| | - Melinda Trudgen
- CSIRO Land & WaterWembleyWestern Australia6913Australia
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern Australia6009Australia
| | - Josef Urban
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in Brno613 00Brno‐severCzech Republic
- Siberian Federal University, KrasnoyarskKrasnoyarsk660041Russia
| | - Joana R. Vicente
- Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources (InBIO‐CIBIO)Universidade do PortoPT4485‐661VairãoPortugal
- Laboratory of Applied Ecology, CITAB – Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro‐Environment and Biological SciencesUniversity of Trás‐os‐Montes e Alto DouroVila RealPortugal
| | - Montserrat Vilà
- Department of Integrative EcologyEstación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC)E‐41092SevillaSpain
| | - Tiina Ylioja
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)FI‐00791HelsinkiFinland
| | - Rafael D. Zenni
- Setor de Ecologia, Departamento de BiologiaUniversidade Federal de LavrasLavrasMG37200‐000Brazil
| | - Oscar Godoy
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Cc. del Mar y AmbientalesInstituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar CEIMAR, Universidad de CádizE‐11510Puerto RealSpain
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16
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Verbeek JD, Kotanen PM. Soil-mediated impacts of an invasive thistle inhibit the recruitment of certain native plants. Oecologia 2019; 190:619-628. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Policelli N, Bruns TD, Vilgalys R, Nuñez MA. Suilloid fungi as global drivers of pine invasions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:714-725. [PMID: 30586169 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Belowground biota can deeply influence plant invasion. The presence of appropriate soil mutualists can act as a driver to enable plants to colonize new ranges. We reviewed the species of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) that facilitate pine establishment in both native and non-native ranges, and that are associated with their invasion into nonforest settings. We found that one particular group of EMF, suilloid fungi, uniquely drive pine invasion in the absence of other EMF. Although the association with other EMF is variable, suilloid EMF are always associated with invasive pines, particularly at early invasion, when invasive trees are most vulnerable. We identified five main ecological traits of suilloid fungi that may explain their key role at pine invasions: their long-distance dispersal capacity, the establishment of positive biotic interactions with mammals, their capacity to generate a resistant spore bank, their rapid colonization of roots and their long-distance exploration type. These results suggest that the identity of mycorrhizal fungi and their ecological interactions, rather than simply the presence of compatible fungi, are key to the understanding of plant invasion processes and their success or failure. Particularly for pines, their specific association with suilloid fungi determines their invasion success in previously uninvaded ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahuel Policelli
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente INIBIOMA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Universidad Nacional del Comahue (UNCo), Avenida de los Pioneros 2350, San Carlos de Bariloche, 8400, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Thomas D Bruns
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA
| | - Rytas Vilgalys
- Biology Department, Duke University, 130 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27708-0338, USA
| | - Martin A Nuñez
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente INIBIOMA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Universidad Nacional del Comahue (UNCo), Avenida de los Pioneros 2350, San Carlos de Bariloche, 8400, Río Negro, Argentina
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18
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Simulation model suggests that fire promotes lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) invasion in Patagonia. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-01975-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Banks
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences at the University of Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia
- PBB developed the idea
- PBB, AEB, RPP, and CRD wrote the article
| | - Andrea E Byrom
- Landcare Research, in Lincoln, New Zealand
- PBB, AEB, RPP, and CRD wrote the article
| | - Roger P Pech
- Landcare Research, in Lincoln, New Zealand
- PBB, AEB, RPP, and CRD wrote the article
| | - Chris R Dickman
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences at the University of Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia
- PBB, AEB, RPP, and CRD wrote the article
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20
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Secondary Invasions Hinder the Recovery of Native Communities after the Removal of Nonnative Pines Along a Precipitation Gradient in Patagonia. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9070394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Broadbent AAD, Stevens CJ, Ostle NJ, Orwin KH. Biogeographic differences in soil biota promote invasive grass response to nutrient addition relative to co-occurring species despite lack of belowground enemy release. Oecologia 2018; 186:611-620. [PMID: 29399738 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4081-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple plant species invasions and increases in nutrient availability are pervasive drivers of global environmental change that often co-occur. Many plant invasion studies, however, focus on single-species or single-mechanism invasions, risking an oversimplification of a multifaceted process. Here, we test how biogeographic differences in soil biota, such as belowground enemy release, interact with increases in nutrient availability to influence invasive plant growth. We conducted a greenhouse experiment using three co-occurring invasive grasses and one native grass. We grew species in live and sterilized soil from the invader's native (United Kingdom) and introduced (New Zealand) ranges with a nutrient addition treatment. We found no evidence for belowground enemy release. However, species' responses to nutrients varied, and this depended on soil origin and sterilization. In live soil from the introduced range, the invasive species Lolium perenne L. responded more positively to nutrient addition than co-occurring invasive and native species. In contrast, in live soil from the native range and in sterilized soils, there were no differences in species' responses to nutrients. This suggests that the presence of soil biota from the introduced range allowed L. perenne to capture additional nutrients better than co-occurring species. Considering the globally widespread nature of anthropogenic nutrient additions to ecosystems, this effect could be contributing to a global homogenization of flora and the associated losses in native species diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carly J Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Nicholas J Ostle
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Kate H Orwin
- Landcare Research, PO Box 69040, Lincoln, 7640, New Zealand
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22
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Broadbent A, Stevens CJ, Peltzer DA, Ostle NJ, Orwin KH. Belowground competition drives invasive plant impact on native species regardless of nitrogen availability. Oecologia 2017; 186:577-587. [PMID: 29218538 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-4039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Plant invasions and eutrophication are pervasive drivers of global change that cause biodiversity loss. Yet, how invasive plant impacts on native species, and the mechanisms underpinning these impacts, vary in relation to increasing nitrogen (N) availability remains unclear. Competition is often invoked as a likely mechanism, but the relative importance of the above and belowground components of this is poorly understood, particularly under differing levels of N availability. To help resolve these issues, we quantified the impact of a globally invasive grass species, Agrostis capillaris, on two co-occurring native New Zealand grasses, and vice versa. We explicitly separated above- and belowground interactions amongst these species experimentally and incorporated an N addition treatment. We found that competition with the invader had large negative impacts on native species growth (biomass decreased by half), resource capture (total N content decreased by up to 75%) and even nutrient stoichiometry (native species tissue C:N ratios increased). Surprisingly, these impacts were driven directly and indirectly by belowground competition, regardless of N availability. Higher root biomass likely enhanced the invasive grass's competitive superiority belowground, indicating that root traits may be useful tools for understanding invasive plant impacts. Our study shows that belowground competition can be more important in driving invasive plant impacts than aboveground competition in both low and high fertility ecosystems, including those experiencing N enrichment due to global change. This can help to improve predictions of how two key drivers of global change, plant species invasions and eutrophication, impact native species diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Broadbent
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK.
| | - Carly J Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
| | | | - Nicholas J Ostle
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Kate H Orwin
- Landcare Research, PO Box 69040, Lincoln, 7640, New Zealand
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23
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24
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Nuñez MA, Chiuffo MC, Torres A, Paul T, Dimarco RD, Raal P, Policelli N, Moyano J, García RA, van Wilgen BW, Pauchard A, Richardson DM. Ecology and management of invasive Pinaceae around the world: progress and challenges. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1483-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Tree Diseases as a Cause and Consequence of Interacting Forest Disturbances. FORESTS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/f8050147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Hemiboreal forest: natural disturbances and the importance of ecosystem legacies to management. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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27
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Wardle DA, Peltzer DA. Impacts of invasive biota in forest ecosystems in an aboveground–belowground context. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1372-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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28
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Broadbent AAD, Orwin KH, Peltzer DA, Dickie IA, Mason NWH, Ostle NJ, Stevens CJ. Invasive N-fixer Impacts on Litter Decomposition Driven by Changes to Soil Properties Not Litter Quality. Ecosystems 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-016-0099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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29
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Dickie IA, Cooper JA, Bufford JL, Hulme PE, Bates ST. Loss of functional diversity and network modularity in introduced plant-fungal symbioses. AOB PLANTS 2016; 9:plw084. [PMID: 28039116 PMCID: PMC5391694 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plw084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of alien plants into a new range can result in the loss of co-evolved symbiotic organisms, such as mycorrhizal fungi, that are essential for normal plant physiological functions. Prior studies of mycorrhizal associations in alien plants have tended to focus on individual plant species on a case-by-case basis. This approach limits broad scale understanding of functional shifts and changes in interaction network structure that may occur following introduction. Here we use two extensive datasets of plant-fungal interactions derived from fungal sporocarp observations and recorded plant hosts in two island archipelago nations: New Zealand (NZ) and the United Kingdom (UK). We found that the NZ dataset shows a lower functional diversity of fungal hyphal foraging strategies in mycorrhiza of alien as compared with native trees. Across species this resulted in fungal foraging strategies associated with alien trees being much more variable in functional composition compared with native trees, which had a strikingly similar functional composition. The UK data showed no functional difference in fungal associates of alien and native plant genera. Notwithstanding this, both the NZ and UK data showed a substantial difference in interaction network structure of alien trees compared with native trees. In both cases, fungal associates of native trees showed strong modularity, while fungal associates of alien trees generally integrated into a single large module. The results suggest a lower functional diversity (in one dataset) and a simplification of network structure (in both) as a result of introduction, potentially driven by either limited symbiont co-introductions or disruption of habitat as a driver of specificity due to nursery conditions, planting, or plant edaphic-niche expansion. Recognizing these shifts in function and network structure has important implications for plant invasions and facilitation of secondary invasions via shared mutualist populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Dickie
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Box 85084, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
| | - Jerry A Cooper
- Landcare Research, PO Box 69040, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer L Bufford
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Box 85084, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
| | - Philip E Hulme
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Box 85084, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
| | - Scott T Bates
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Box 85084, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
- Landcare Research, PO Box 69040, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, United States of America
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30
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Pine invasion impacts on plant diversity in Patagonia: invader size and invaded habitat matter. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1344-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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Accentuating the positive while eliminating the negative of alien tree invasions: a multiple ecosystem services approach to prioritising control efforts. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1307-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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32
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Besnard G, Cuneo P. An ecological and evolutionary perspective on the parallel invasion of two cross-compatible trees. AOB PLANTS 2016; 8:plw056. [PMID: 27519914 PMCID: PMC5018386 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plw056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Invasive trees are generally seen as ecosystem-transforming plants that can have significant impacts on native vegetation, and often require management and control. Understanding their history and biology is essential to guide actions of land managers. Here, we present a summary of recent research into the ecology, phylogeography and management of invasive olives, which are now established outside of their native range as high ecological impact invasive trees. The parallel invasion of European and African olive in different climatic zones of Australia provides an interesting case study of invasion, characterized by early genetic admixture between domesticated and wild taxa. Today, the impact of the invasive olives on native vegetation and ecosystem function is of conservation concern, with European olive a declared weed in areas of South Australia, and African olive a declared weed in New South Wales and Pacific islands. Population genetics was used to trace the origins and invasion of both subspecies in Australia, indicating that both olive subspecies have hybridized early after introduction. Research also indicates that African olive populations can establish from a low number of founder individuals even after successive bottlenecks. Modelling based on distributional data from the native and invasive range identified a shift of the realized ecological niche in the Australian invasive range for both olive subspecies, which was particularly marked for African olive. As highly successful and long-lived invaders, olives offer further opportunities to understand the genetic basis of invasion, and we propose that future research examines the history of introduction and admixture, the genetic basis of adaptability and the role of biotic interactions during invasion. Advances on these questions will ultimately improve predictions on the future olive expansion and provide a solid basis for better management of invasive populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Besnard
- CNRS, UPS, ENFA, Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique, UMR 5174, 31062 Toulouse 4, France
| | - Peter Cuneo
- The Australian PlantBank, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, The Australian Botanic Garden, Mount Annan, NSW 2567, Australia
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33
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34
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Taylor KT, Maxwell BD, Pauchard A, Nuñez MA, Rew LJ. Native versus non-native invasions: similarities and differences in the biodiversity impacts ofPinus contortain introduced and native ranges. DIVERS DISTRIB 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley T. Taylor
- Land Resources and Environmental Sciences Department; Montana State University; Bozeman MT 59717 USA
| | - Bruce D. Maxwell
- Land Resources and Environmental Sciences Department; Montana State University; Bozeman MT 59717 USA
| | - Aníbal Pauchard
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales; Universidad de Concepción; Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB); Casilla 160-C Concepción Chile
| | - Martin A. Nuñez
- Grupo de Ecologia de Invasiones; INIBIOMA; CONICET; Universidad Nacional del Comahue; Quintral 1250 San Carlos de Bariloche CP 8400 Argentina
| | - Lisa J. Rew
- Land Resources and Environmental Sciences Department; Montana State University; Bozeman MT 59717 USA
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35
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Suseela V, Alpert P, Nakatsu CH, Armstrong A, Tharayil N. Plant–soil interactions regulate the identity of soil carbon in invaded ecosystems: implication for legacy effects. Funct Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Suseela
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Clemson University Clemson South Carolina29634 USA
| | - Peter Alpert
- Biology Department University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts01003 USA
| | - Cindy H. Nakatsu
- Department of Agronomy Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana47907 USA
| | - Arthur Armstrong
- Department of Agronomy Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana47907 USA
| | - Nishanth Tharayil
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Clemson University Clemson South Carolina29634 USA
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36
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Ramirez KS, Döring M, Eisenhauer N, Gardi C, Ladau J, Leff JW, Lentendu G, Lindo Z, Rillig MC, Russell D, Scheu S, St. John MG, de Vries FT, Wubet T, van der Putten WH, Wall DH. Toward a global platform for linking soil biodiversity data. Front Ecol Evol 2015. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2015.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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37
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