1
|
Gul N, Ahmad P, Wani TA, Tyagi A, Aslam S. Glutathione improves low temperature stress tolerance in pusa sheetal cultivar of Solanum lycopersicum. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12548. [PMID: 35869119 PMCID: PMC9307597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16440-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the impact of Glutathione (GSH) in mitigating low-temperature stress in Pusa Sheetal cv. of Solanum lycopersicum and imparting low-temperature tolerance by evaluating the different physiological responses. The plant under research was also being studied for its growth and stress tolerance. Low temperatures (LT) stress was applied to seedlings with or without GSH application 12 h before LT stress (prophylactic dose), after 12 h-LT (preemptive dose), and post 12-h recovery (curative dose). Different concentrations of GSH [0, G1 (0.5 mM), G2 (1 mM) and G3 (2 mM)] against LT stress were used. Antioxidant activities, photosynthesis, growth, and stress tolerance indices were quantified. LT stress caused an oxidative burst in S. lycopersicum seedlings of the Pusa Sheetal cv. as indicated by increased peroxidation of lipids and H2O2 concentration. Glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities were enhanced. The best concentration was G2 (1 mM), which resulted in a rise in antioxidant activity. Moreover, a decline in lipid peroxidation and H2O2 levels was also seen. The purpose of this study is to identify the role of GSH in reducing LT stress and to find the best dose concentration. This is the first report to assess the GSH-mediated LT stress tolerance in S. lycopersicum (Pusa Sheetal cv.). Therefore, exogenous GSH application of optimal concentration of GSH to LT stressed S. lycopersicum can be an effective approach for augmenting the plant detoxification system and promoting its growth and development.
Collapse
|
2
|
McClinton JD, Shriver RK, Leger EA. Ecology of
Eriogonum tiehmii
, a rare soil specialist: Arthropod diversity, soil preferences, and demography. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jamey D. McClinton
- Department of Biology University of Nevada Reno Reno Nevada USA
- Nevada Division of Natural Heritage Department of Conservation and Natural Resources Carson City Nevada USA
| | - Robert K. Shriver
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada Reno Reno Nevada USA
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology University of Nevada Reno Nevada USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Leger
- Department of Biology University of Nevada Reno Reno Nevada USA
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology University of Nevada Reno Nevada USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Limitations of Species Distribution Models Based on Available Climate Change Data: A Case Study in the Azorean Forest. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10070575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is gaining attention as a major threat to biodiversity. It is expected to further expand the risk of plant invasion through ecosystem disturbance. Particularly, island ecosystems are under pressure, and climate change may threaten forest-dependent species. However, scientific and societal unknowns make it difficult to predict how climate change and biological invasions will affect species interactions and ecosystem processes. The purpose of this study was to identify possible limitations when making species distribution model projections based on predicted climate change. We aimed to know if climatic variables alone were good predictors of habitat suitability, ensuring reliable projections. In particular, we compared the performance of generalized linear models, generalized additive models, and a selection of machine learning techniques (BIOMOD 2) when modelling the distribution of forest species in the Azores, according to the climatic changes predicted to 2100. Some limitations seem to exist when modelling the effect of climate change on species distributions, since the best models also included topographic variables, making modelling based on climate alone less reliable, with model fit varying among modelling approaches, and random forest often providing the best results. Our results emphasize the adoption of a careful study design and algorithm selection process. The uncertainties associated with climate change effect on plant communities as a whole, including their indigenous and invasive components, highlight a pressing need for integrated modelling, monitoring, and experimental work to better realize the consequences of climate change, in order to ensure the resilience of forest ecosystems in a changing world.
Collapse
|
4
|
Moura M, Dias EF, Belo Maciel MG. Conservation genetics of the highly endangered Azorean endemics Euphrasia azorica and Euphrasia grandiflora using new SSR data. CONSERV GENET 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-018-1089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
5
|
Rodríguez-Rodríguez P, Fernández de Castro AG, Sosa PA. The restoration of the endangered Sambucus palmensis after 30 years of conservation actions in the Garajonay National Park: genetic assessment and niche modeling. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4985. [PMID: 29910987 PMCID: PMC6003393 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The translocation of individuals or the reinforcement of populations are measures in the genetic rescue of endangered species. Although it can be controversial to decide which and how many individuals must be reintroduced, populations can benefit from reinforcements. Sambucus palmensis is a critically endangered endemic to the Canary Islands. During the past 30 years, the Garajonay National Park (La Gomera) has carried out an intensive program of translocations using cuttings, due to the low germination rates of seeds. To assess the effect of the restorations on the population genetics of S. palmensis in La Gomera, we collected 402 samples from all the restored sites and all known natural individuals, which were genotyped with seven microsatellite markers. In addition, we conducted a species distribution modeling approach to assess how restorations fit the ecological niche of the species. Results show that there is a high proportion of clone specimens due to the propagation method, and the natural clonal reproduction of the species. Nonetheless, the observed heterozygosity has increased with the restorations and there still are private alleles and unique genotypes in the natural populations that have not been considered in the restorations. The population of Liria constitutes a very important genetic reservoir for the species. To optimize future reintroductions, we have proposed a list of specimens that are suitable for the extraction of seeds or cuttings in a greenhouse, as well as new suitable areas obtained by the species distribution models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (IUNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | | | - Pedro A Sosa
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (IUNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Silva L. A Brief History of Biochemical Genetics’ 50 Years and a Reflection About Past and Present Research Directions. Biochem Genet 2018; 56:1-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10528-018-9846-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
|
7
|
Species Distribution Modeling: Comparison of Fixed and Mixed Effects Models Using INLA. ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/ijgi6120391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
8
|
Menezes T, Romeiras MM, de Sequeira MM, Moura M. Phylogenetic relationships and phylogeography of relevant lineages within the complex Campanulaceae family in Macaronesia. Ecol Evol 2017; 8:88-108. [PMID: 29321854 PMCID: PMC5756848 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macaronesia has long been recognized as a natural model for studying evolutionary processes in plant diversification. Several studies have attempted to focus on single lineages, and few have covered the diversification of a family across all the archipelagos. We used a comprehensive sample to clarify the phylogenetic relationships and the biogeographic history of the Macaronesian Campanulaceae. Hypotheses related to the colonization of these archipelagos will be used to examine the diversification patterns of different lineages. We sequenced the ITS region and six cpDNA markers (atpB, matK, petD, rbcL, trnL-F, and psbA-trnH) from 10 Campanulaceae species, including seven endemic species in Macaronesia. The phylogeny of these taxa was reconstructed using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference. To study the relationships within each lineage, haplotype networks were calculated using NeighborNet and TCS algorithms. Moreover, data were combined with fossil information to construct time-calibrated trees for the Macaronesian Campanulaceae species. The phylogenetic analyses are largely congruent with current taxon circumscriptions, and all the endemic genera formed monophyletic clades, namely Azorina in Azores; Musschia in Madeira; and Campanula in Cape Verde. The Azorina clade and the Cape Verde endemic Campanula may share a common ancestor in North Africa, and the divergence was dated ca. 12.3 million years ago (Mya). The divergence of the Musschia clade began in the Pliocene ca. 3.4 Mya. Moreover, several examples of intraspecific variation were revealed among the native species with a clear geographic structured patterns, suggesting that cryptic diversity might exist within the native Macaronesian Campanulaceae when compared to the close mainland taxa (e.g., Campanula erinus, Trachelium caeruleum), but additional studies are needed to support the molecular data. This study highlights the power of combining data (e.g., phylogeny and divergence times, with species distribution data) for testing diversification hypotheses within the unique Macaronesian flora, providing useful information for future conservation efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Menezes
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources InBIO Associate Laboratory Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Universidade dos Açores Ponta Delgada Azores Portugal
| | - Maria M Romeiras
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF) Instituto Superior de Agronomia Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal.,Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
| | - Miguel M de Sequeira
- Madeira Botanical Group Faculdade de Ciências da Vida Universidade de Madeira Alto da PenteadaFunchal Madeira Portugal
| | - Mónica Moura
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources InBIO Associate Laboratory Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Universidade dos Açores Ponta Delgada Azores Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Leontodon ˣgrassiorum (Asteraceae, Cichorieae), a newly discovered hybrid between an Azorean and a mainland European taxon: Morphology, molecular characteristics, and phytochemistry. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
10
|
Brewer JS. Stochastic losses of fire-dependent endemic herbs revealed by a 65-year chronosequence of dispersal-limited woody plant encroachment. Ecol Evol 2017. [PMID: 28649349 PMCID: PMC5478063 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The factors responsible for maintaining diverse groundcover plant communities of high conservation value in frequently burned wet pine savannas are poorly understood. While most management involves manipulating extrinsic factors important in maintaining species diversity (e.g., fire regimes), most ecological theory (e.g., niche theory and neutral theory) examines how traits exhibited by the species promote species coexistence. Furthermore, although many ecologists focus on processes that maintain local species diversity, conservation biologists have argued that other indices (e.g., phylogenetic diversity) are better for evaluating assemblages in terms of their conservation value. I used a null model that employed beta‐diversity calculations based on Raup–Crick distances to test for deterministic herbaceous species losses associated with a 65‐year chronosequence of woody species encroachment within each of three localities. I quantified conservation value of assemblages by measuring taxonomic distinctness, endemism, and floristic quality of plots with and without woody encroachment. Reductions in herb species richness per plot attributable to woody encroachment were largely stochastic, as indicated by a lack of change in the mean or variance in beta‐diversity caused by woody encroachment in the savannas studied here. Taxonomic distinctness, endemism, and floristic quality (when summed across all species) were all greater in areas that had not experienced woody encroachment. However, when corrected for local species richness, only average endemism and floristic quality of assemblages inclusive of herbs and woody plants were greater in areas that had not experienced woody encroachment, due to the more restricted ranges and habitat requirements of herbs. Results suggest that frequent fires maintain diverse assemblages of fire‐dependent herb species endemic to the region. The stochastic loss of plant species, irrespective of their taxonomic distinctness, to woody encroachment suggests that the relevance of niche partitioning or phylogenetic diversity to the management of biodiversity in wet pine savannas is minimal.
Collapse
|
11
|
Dias EF, Moura M, Schaefer H, Silva L. Geographical distance and barriers explain population genetic patterns in an endangered island perennial. AOB PLANTS 2017; 8:plw072. [PMID: 27742648 PMCID: PMC5206333 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plw072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Island plants are frequently used as model systems in evolutionary biology to understand factors that might explain genetic diversity and population differentiation levels. Theory suggests that island plants should have lower levels of genetic diversity than their continental relatives, but this hypothesis has been rejected in several recent studies. In the Azores, the population level genetic diversity is generally low. However, like in most island systems, there are high levels of genetic differentiation between different islands. The Azores lettuce, Lactuca watsoniana, is an endangered Asteraceae with small population sizes. Therefore, we expect to find a lower level of genetic diversity than in the other more common endemic Asteraceae. The intra- and interpopulation genetic structure and diversity of L. watsoniana was assessed using eight newly developed microsatellite markers. We included 135 individuals, from all 13 known populations in the study. Because our microsatellite results suggested that the species is tetraploid, we analysed the microsatellite data (i) in codominant format using PolySat (Principal Coordinate Analysis, PCoA) and SPAgedi (genetic diversity indexes) and (ii) in dominant format using Arlequin (AMOVA) and STRUCTURE (Bayesian genetic cluster analysis). A total of 129 alleles were found for all L. watsoniana populations. In contrast to our expectations, we found a high level of intrapopulation genetic diversity (total heterozigosity = 0.85; total multilocus average proportion of private alleles per population = 26.5 %, Fis = -0.19). Our results show the existence of five well-defined genetic groups, one for each of the three islands São Miguel, Terceira and Faial, plus two groups for the East and West side of Pico Island (Fst = 0.45). The study revealed the existence of high levels of genetic diversity, which should be interpreted taking into consideration the ploidy level of this rare taxon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete F Dias
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Universidade dos Açores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, Ponta Delgada, 9501-801 Açores, Portugal
| | - M Moura
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Universidade dos Açores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, Ponta Delgada, 9501-801 Açores, Portugal
| | - H Schaefer
- Plant Biodiversity Research, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Luís Silva
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Universidade dos Açores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, Ponta Delgada, 9501-801 Açores, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Guzmán B, Heleno R, Nogales M, Simbaña W, Traveset A, Vargas P. Evolutionary history of the endangered shrub snapdragon (Galvezia leucantha) of the Galápagos Islands. DIVERS DISTRIB 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Guzmán
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation; Real Jardín Botánico - CSIC; Plaza de Murillo 2 28014 Madrid Spain
| | - Ruben Heleno
- Centre for Functional Ecology; Department of Life Sciences; University of Coimbra; 3000-213 Coímbra Portugal
| | - Manuel Nogales
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group; Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología - CSIC; Av. Astrofisico Francisco Sánchez, 3 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Tenerife Spain
| | - Walter Simbaña
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering; Universidad Técnica de Ambato; Colombia 02-11 Ambato EC180105 Ecuador
| | - Anna Traveset
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation; Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats - CSIC; Carrer de Miquel Marquès; 21, 07190 Esporles Mallorca Spain
| | - Pablo Vargas
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation; Real Jardín Botánico - CSIC; Plaza de Murillo 2 28014 Madrid Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Traveset A, Fernández-Palacios JM, Kueffer C, Bellingham PJ, Morden C, Drake DR. Introduction to the Special Issue: Advances in island plant biology since Sherwin Carlquist's Island Biology. AOB PLANTS 2015; 8:plv148. [PMID: 26722109 PMCID: PMC4740358 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Sherwin Carlquist's seminal publications-in particular his classic Island Biology, published in 1974-formulated hypotheses specific to island biology that remain valuable today. This special issue brings together some of the most interesting contributions presented at the First Island Biology Symposium hosted in Honolulu on 7-11 July 2014. We compiled a total of 18 contributions that present data from multiple archipelagos across the world and from different disciplines within the plant sciences. In this introductory paper, we first provide a short overview of Carlquist's life and work and then summarize the main findings of the collated papers. A first group of papers deals with issues to which Carlquist notably contributed: long-distance dispersal, adaptive radiation and plant reproductive biology. The findings of such studies demonstrate the extent to which the field has advanced thanks to (i) the increasing availability and richness of island data, covering many taxonomic groups and islands; (ii) new information from the geosciences, phylogenetics and palaeoecology, which allows us a more realistic understanding of the geological and biological development of islands and their biotas; and (iii) the new theoretical and methodological advances that allow us to assess patterns of abundance, diversity and distribution of island biota over large spatial scales. Most other papers in the issue cover a range of topics related to plant conservation on islands, such as causes and consequences of mutualistic disruptions (due to pollinator or disperser losses, introduction of alien predators, etc.). Island biologists are increasingly considering reintroducing ecologically important species to suitable habitats within their historic range and to neighbouring islands with depauperate communities of vertebrate seed dispersers, and an instructive example is given here. Finally, contributions on ecological networks demonstrate the usefulness of this methodological tool to advancing conservation management and better predicting the consequences of disturbances on species and interactions in the fragile insular ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Traveset
- Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies (CSIC-UIB), C/Miquel Marqués 21, 07190 Esporles, Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - José María Fernández-Palacios
- Island Ecology and Biogeography Research Group, Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Christoph Kueffer
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Clifford Morden
- Department of Botany, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Donald R Drake
- Department of Botany, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| |
Collapse
|