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Vega M, Quintero-Corrales C, Mastretta-Yanes A, Casas A, López-Hilario V, Wegier A. Multiple domestication events explain the origin of Gossypium hirsutum landraces in Mexico. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9838. [PMID: 36911302 PMCID: PMC9994486 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Several Mesoamerican crops constitute wild-to-domesticated complexes generated by multiple initial domestication events, and continuous gene flow among crop populations and between these populations and their wild relatives. It has been suggested that the domestication of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) started in the northwest of the Yucatán Peninsula, from where it spread to other regions inside and outside of Mexico. We tested this hypothesis by assembling chloroplast genomes of 23 wild, landraces, and breeding lines (transgene-introgressed and conventional). The phylogenetic analysis showed that the evolutionary history of cotton in Mexico involves multiple events of introgression and genetic divergence. From this, we conclude that Mexican landraces arose from multiple wild populations. Our results also revealed that their structural and functional chloroplast organizations had been preserved. However, genetic diversity decreases as a consequence of domestication, mainly in transgene-introgressed (TI) individuals (π = 0.00020, 0.00001, 0.00016, 0, and 0, of wild, TI-wild, landraces, TI-landraces, and breeding lines, respectively). We identified homologous regions that differentiate wild from domesticated plants and indicate a relationship among the samples. A decrease in genetic diversity associated with transgene introgression in cotton was identified for the first time, and our outcomes are therefore relevant to both biosecurity and agrobiodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Vega
- Genética de la Conservación, Jardín Botánico Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Christian Quintero-Corrales
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico.,Departamento de Botánica Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Alicia Mastretta-Yanes
- Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Ciudad de México Mexico.,Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) Programa de Investigadores e Investigadoras por México Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Alejandro Casas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Mexico
| | | | - Ana Wegier
- Genética de la Conservación, Jardín Botánico Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico
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Kong H, Wang Z, Guo JY, Xia QY, Zhao H, Zhang YL, Guo AP, Lu BR. Increases in Genetic Diversity of Weedy Rice Associated with Ambient Temperatures and Limited Gene Flow. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:71. [PMID: 33498419 PMCID: PMC7909424 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypotheses regarding the association of increased species or genetic diversity with gradually warmer regions as a global pattern have been proposed, but no direct and solid experimental data are available to approve the association between plant genetic diversity and ambient temperatures. To test the diversity-temperature hypothesis, we studied genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) populations occurring naturally in early- and late-season rice fields that share nearly the same ecological conditions but with slightly different temperatures. Data collected from 10-year historical climatic records indicated a ~2 ℃ higher average air temperature in the late rice-cultivation seasons than in the early seasons. Results based on molecular fingerprints of 27 SSR (simple sequence repeat) loci showed a higher level of genetic diversity in the late-season weedy rice populations than in the early-season populations. In addition, a positive correlation was detected between the increased proportion of genetic diversity (ΔHe ) and genetic differentiation among the weedy rice populations, suggesting limited gene flow. Therefore, we conclude from this study that increased genetic diversity in the late-season weedy rice populations is probably caused by the higher ambient temperatures. This finding provides evidence for the possible association between genetic diversity and ambient temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Kong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, CATAS, Haikou 571101, China; (H.K.); (J.-Y.G.); (Q.-Y.X.); (H.Z.); (Y.-L.Z.)
| | - Zhi Wang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai 200438, China;
| | - Jing-Yuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, CATAS, Haikou 571101, China; (H.K.); (J.-Y.G.); (Q.-Y.X.); (H.Z.); (Y.-L.Z.)
| | - Qi-Yu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, CATAS, Haikou 571101, China; (H.K.); (J.-Y.G.); (Q.-Y.X.); (H.Z.); (Y.-L.Z.)
| | - Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, CATAS, Haikou 571101, China; (H.K.); (J.-Y.G.); (Q.-Y.X.); (H.Z.); (Y.-L.Z.)
| | - Yu-Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, CATAS, Haikou 571101, China; (H.K.); (J.-Y.G.); (Q.-Y.X.); (H.Z.); (Y.-L.Z.)
| | - An-Ping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, CATAS, Haikou 571101, China; (H.K.); (J.-Y.G.); (Q.-Y.X.); (H.Z.); (Y.-L.Z.)
| | - Bao-Rong Lu
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai 200438, China;
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Ha YH, Oh SH, Lee SR. Genetic Admixture in the Population of Wild Apple ( Malus Sieversii) from the Tien Shan Mountains, Kazakhstan. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:104. [PMID: 33467767 PMCID: PMC7829876 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing attention given to gene flow between crops and the wild relatives as global landscapes have been rapidly converted into agricultural farm fields over the past century. Crop-to-wild introgression may advance the extinction risks of rare plants through demographic swamping and/or genetic swamping. Malus sieversii, the progenitor of the apple, is exclusively distributed along the Tien Shan mountains. Habitat fragmentation and hybridization between M. sieversii and the cultivated apples have been proposed to be the causal mechanism of the accelerated extinction risk. We examined the genetic diversity pattern of eleven wild and domesticated apple populations and assessed the gene flow between M. sieversii and the cultivated apples in Kazakhstan using thirteen nuclear microsatellite loci. On average, apple populations harbored fairly high within-population diversity, whereas population divergences were very low suggesting likely influence of human-mediated dispersal. Assignment results showed a split pattern between the cultivated and wild apples and frequent admixture among the apple populations. Coupled with the inflated contemporary migration rates, the admixture pattern might be the signature of increased human intervention within the recent past. Our study highlighted the prevalent crop to wild gene flow of apples occurring in Kazakhstan, proposing an accelerated risk of genetic swamping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ho Ha
- Division of Forest Diversity, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon 11186, Korea; (Y.-H.H.); (S.-H.O.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Oh
- Division of Forest Diversity, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon 11186, Korea; (Y.-H.H.); (S.-H.O.)
| | - Soo-Rang Lee
- Department of Biology Education, College of Natural Sciences, 309 Pilmun-Daero, Dong-Gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea
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Liu L, Guo R, Qin Q, Fu J, Liu B. Expression of Bt Protein in Transgenic Bt Cotton Plants and Ecological Fitness of These Plants in Different Habitats. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1209. [PMID: 32849750 PMCID: PMC7427126 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fitness is one of the key parameters to evaluate the effects of transgenic plants on the ecological environment. To evaluate the ecological risk of transgenic Bt cotton plants growing in different habitats, we determined the expression of the exogenous Bt gene and the fitness of transgenic and non-transgenic cotton plants in three habitats (farmland, grassland, and shrub). We observed that the expression of Bt protein in the farmland was significantly higher than that in the natural habitat, and when the growth environment was suitable, the Bt protein expression level showed a downward trend with the advancement of the growth. There were no significant differences in plant height, aboveground biomass, and seed yield between the Bt transgenic and non-transgenic cotton plants at the same growth stage under the same habitat. Nevertheless, in different habitats, the fitness of the same cotton line showed significant differences. In the farmland habitat, the plant height, aboveground biomass, and seed yield of both transgenic cotton and its non-transgenic isoline were significantly higher than that in the other two natural habitats. The results indicate that the expression of Bt protein does not increase the fitness of the parent plants and would not cause the weeding of the recipient cotton plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laipan Liu
- Key Laboratory on Biosafety of Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Ecology and Environment of Wuyi Mountains, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruqing Guo
- Key Laboratory on Biosafety of Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Qin
- Key Laboratory on Biosafety of Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianmei Fu
- Key Laboratory on Biosafety of Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China
| | - Biao Liu
- Key Laboratory on Biosafety of Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Ecology and Environment of Wuyi Mountains, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China
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Li Q, Zhao Y, Xiang X, Chen J, Rong J. Genetic Diversity of Crop Wild Relatives under Threat in Yangtze River Basin: Call for Enhanced In Situ Conservation and Utilization. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:1535-1538. [PMID: 31634586 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity, Center for Watershed Ecology, Institute of Life Science and School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xiaoguo Xiang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity, Center for Watershed Ecology, Institute of Life Science and School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jiakuan Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Jun Rong
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity, Center for Watershed Ecology, Institute of Life Science and School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
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