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Oliveira EF, Forbes SC, Borges EQ, Machado LF, Candow DG, Machado M. Association between dietary creatine and visuospatial short-term memory in older adults. Nutr Health 2023; 29:731-736. [PMID: 35603861 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221102273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aims: The purpose was to examine the relationship between habitual dietary creatine intake obtained in food and visuospatial short-term memory (VSSM). Methods: Forty-two participants (32 females, 10 males; > 60 yrs of age) completed a 5-day dietary recall to estimate creatine intake and performed a cognitive assessment which included a visuospatial short-term memory test (forward and reverse corsi block test) and a mini-mental state examination (MMSE). Pearson correlation coefficients were determined. Further, cohorts were derived based on the median creatine intake. Results: There was a significant correlation between the forward Corsi (r = 0.703, P < 0.001), reverse Corsi (r = 0.715, P < 0.001), and the memory sub-component of the MMSE (r = 0.406, P = 0.004). A median creatine intake of 0.382 g/day was found. Participants consuming greater than the median had a significantly higher Corsi (P = 0.005) and reverse Corsi (P < 0.001) scores compared to participants ingesting less than the median. Conclusions: Dietary creatine intake is positively associated with measures of memory in older adults. Clinical Implications: Older adults should consider food sources containing creatine (i.e. red meat, seafood) due to the positive association with visuospatial short-term memory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott C Forbes
- Department of Physical Education Studies, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, Canada
| | | | | | - Darren G Candow
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Marco Machado
- Universidade Iguaçu Campus V, Itaperuna, RJ, Brazil
- Itaperuna Universitary Foundation (FUNITA), Itaperuna, RJ, Brazil
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2
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Koutsonida M, Koskeridis F, Markozannes G, Kanellopoulou A, Mousas A, Ntotsikas E, Ioannidis P, Aretouli E, Tsilidis KK. Metabolic syndrome and cognitive deficits in the Greek cohort of Epirus Health Study. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:3523-3533. [PMID: 37162663 PMCID: PMC10495510 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06835-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome is considered an important risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia. However, the evidence in middle-aged individuals is still conflicting. The aim of the study was to explore the association between metabolic syndrome and its individual components with cognitive function and to investigate possible interaction between sex, age and genetic predisposition for metabolic syndrome and Alzheimer's disease in a middle-aged Greek cohort. METHODS A total of 2,077 healthy adults (mean age: 46.7 years) were included in the primary cross-sectional analysis and 305 of them in secondary prospective analyses. Metabolic syndrome was defined by the revised National Cholesterol Education-Adult Treatment Panel III and the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Cognitive function was measured primarily with the Trail Making, Verbal fluency and Logical Memory test, and in secondary prospective analyses with online versions of Posner cueing task, an emotional recognition task, Corsi block-tapping task and Stroop task. RESULTS Multivariable linear regressions showed an association of metabolic syndrome with lower performance in attention (β=1.62 seconds, 95% CI=0.20, 3.04) and memory (β=-0.62 words, 95% CI=-1.19, -0.05) that could be driven by associations with elevated fasting glucose and abdominal obesity. Similar associations were observed in the secondary prospective analyses. CONCLUSION In summary, metabolic syndrome was associated with cognitive deficits in domains related with the cognitive profile of vascular cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrto Koutsonida
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Fotios Koskeridis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Georgios Markozannes
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Afroditi Kanellopoulou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Abdou Mousas
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Evangelos Ntotsikas
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Ioannidis
- B' Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Aretouli
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Díaz-Camargo E, Hernández-Lalinde J, Sánchez-Rubio M, Chaparro-Suárez Y, Álvarez-Caicedo L, Fierro-Zarate A, Gravini-Donado M, García-Pacheco H, Rojas-Quintero J, Bermúdez V. NHANES 2011-2014 Reveals Decreased Cognitive Performance in U.S. Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome Combinations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5257. [PMID: 37047872 PMCID: PMC10093810 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A relationship between metabolic syndrome and cognitive impairment has been evidenced across research; however, conflicting results have been observed. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 3179 adults older than 60 from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to analyze the relationship between metabolic syndrome and cognitive impairment. In our results, we found that adults with abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, and low HDL cholesterol had 4.39 fewer points in the CERAD immediate recall test than adults without any metabolic syndrome factors [Beta = -4.39, SE = 1.32, 17.75 (1.36) vs. 22.14 (0.76)]. In addition, people with this metabolic syndrome combination exhibited 2.39 fewer points in the CERAD delayed recall test than those without metabolic syndrome criteria [Beta = -2.39, SE = 0.46, 4.32 (0.49) vs. 6.71 (0.30)]. It was also found that persons with high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, and low HDL-cholesterol levels reached 4.11 points less in the animal fluency test than people with no factors [Beta = -4.11, SE = 1.55, 12.67 (2.12) vs. 16.79 (1.35)]. These findings suggest that specific metabolic syndrome combinations are essential predictors of cognitive impairment. In this study, metabolic syndrome combinations that included obesity, fasting hyperglycemia, high triglycerides, and low HDL-cholesterol were among the most frequent criteria observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Díaz-Camargo
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta 540006, Colombia
| | - Juan Hernández-Lalinde
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta 540006, Colombia
| | - María Sánchez-Rubio
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta 540006, Colombia
| | - Yudy Chaparro-Suárez
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta 540006, Colombia
| | - Liseth Álvarez-Caicedo
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta 540006, Colombia
| | - Alexandra Fierro-Zarate
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta 540006, Colombia
| | - Marbel Gravini-Donado
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| | - Henry García-Pacheco
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad del Zulia, Hospital General del Sur, Dr. Pedro Iturbe, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
- Unidad de Cirugía para Obesidad y Metabolismo (UCOM), Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Joselyn Rojas-Quintero
- Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
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Selective Attention and Inhibitory Processing in Older Adults: The Impact of Dietary Creatine. AGEING INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12126-023-09524-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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5
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Bouges S, Fischer B, Norton DL, Wyman MF, Lambrou N, Zuelsdorff M, Van Hulle CA, Ennis GE, James TT, Johnson AL, Chin N, Carlsson CM, Gleason CE. Effect of Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors on Processing Speed and Executive Function in Three Racialized Groups. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:285-294. [PMID: 36744341 PMCID: PMC10211459 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Understanding the association of MetS risk factors to processing speed and executive function in the pre-clinical stages of ADRD in under-represented groups would offer insight on potential mechanisms through which MetS associates with ADRD risk. OBJECTIVE Examine association of MetS features and processing speed and executive function across three racial groups. METHODS Cognitively unimpaired adults from the Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Prevention completed blood-draws and neuropsychological testing. Six cognitive outcomes were assessed in association to MetS risk factors: Trailmaking Tests A and B, Animal Fluency, Digit Symbol, and composite scores for Processing Speed and Executive Function. Linear mixed effect models were used to assess the relationship between MetS risk factor count and longitudinal cognitive performance across three racialized groups. RESULTS Participant sample sizes varied by outcome analyzed (N = 714-1,088). African American and Native American groups exhibited higher rates of MetS than non-Hispanic Whites. MetS was associated with processing speed and executive function across all racialized groups. Three-way interaction by racialized group was limited to one cognitive outcome: Trailmaking Test A. CONCLUSION Metabolic dysfunction incrementally affects cognitive trajectory, with generally similar associations across racial groups. Since racialized groups exhibit higher levels of both MetS and ADRD, MetS may represent a driving factor for increased ADRD risk experience by racialized group and an important and modifiable target through which to reduce risk of ADRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenikqua Bouges
- VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin (UW) School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, UW School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Barbara Fischer
- VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Derek L. Norton
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mary F. Wyman
- VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, UW School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Department of Psychiatry, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nickolas Lambrou
- VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin (UW) School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Megan Zuelsdorff
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, UW School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, UW School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin – Madison School of Nursing
| | - Carol A. Van Hulle
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin (UW) School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, UW School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gilda E. Ennis
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin (UW) School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, UW School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Taryn T. James
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin (UW) School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, UW School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Adrienne L. Johnson
- VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nathaniel Chin
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin (UW) School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, UW School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, UW School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cynthia M. Carlsson
- VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin (UW) School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, UW School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, UW School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Carey E. Gleason
- VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin (UW) School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, UW School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Gosalia J, Montgomery PS, Zhang S, Pomilla WA, Wang M, Liang M, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z, Yabluchanskiy A, Proctor DN, Gardner AW. Increased pulse wave velocity is related to impaired working memory and executive function in older adults with metabolic syndrome. GeroScience 2022; 44:2831-2844. [PMID: 35980564 PMCID: PMC9768088 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00640-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related vascular alterations promote the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Cardiovascular risk factors that accelerate vascular aging exacerbate VCI. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) constitutes a cluster of critical cardiovascular risk factors (abdominal obesity, hypertension, elevated triglycerides, elevated fasting glucose, reduced HDL cholesterol), which affects nearly 37% of the adult US population. The present study was designed to test the hypotheses that MetS exacerbates cognitive impairment and that arterial stiffening moderates the association between cognitive dysfunction and MetS in older adults. MetS was defined by the NCEP ATP III guidelines. Cognitive function (digit span and trail-making tests) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV; a non-invasive clinical measurement of arterial stiffness) were assessed in older adults with MetS and age- and sex-matched controls. Multiple linear regression models were applied to test for the main effects of MetS, baPWV, and their interaction on cognitive performance. Fifty-three participants with MetS (age: 68 ± 8 years) and 39 age-matched individuals without MetS (age: 66 ± 9 years) were enrolled into the study. In adjusted multivariable regression analyses of the digit span backward length score, both MetS (ß = 1.97, p = 0.048) and MetS by baPWV interaction (ß = - 0.001, p = 0.026) were significant predictors. In participants with MetS, higher baPWV was associated with poorer performance on digit span backward length score, a test of working memory (R = - 0.44, p = 0.0012), but there was no association in those without MetS (R = 0.035, p = 0.83). MetS was negatively associated with performance on the digit span backward length score, baPWV was negatively associated with multiple neuropsychological outcomes, and baPWV moderated the association between digit span backward length score and MetS, as individuals with both MetS and higher baPWV had the most impaired cognitive function. Our findings add to the growing body of evidence that individuals with MetS and higher baPWV may be prone to VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigar Gosalia
- Department of Kinesiology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Polly S Montgomery
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Shangming Zhang
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - William A Pomilla
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University DriveMail Code HP28, P.O. Box 850, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Menglu Liang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University DriveMail Code HP28, P.O. Box 850, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Departments of Translational Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Departments of Translational Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Departments of Translational Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - David N Proctor
- Department of Kinesiology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Andrew W Gardner
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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Machado M, Masterson TD, Oliveira EF. Could dietary creatine intake modulate overweight elderly's selective attention and inhibitory function? Nutr Health 2022:2601060221127497. [PMID: 36164669 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221127497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims: There is evidence that both aging and increased adiposity may impact creatine levels in the brain, and brain creatine levels are important for cognition. The aim of this study was to assess correlation between dietary creatine intake and cognition in in elderly women with overweight. Methods: Twenty seven overweight women over 60 years of age who were part of a larger study participated in an Eriksen Flanker Task (EFT) to asssess cognitive performance. Additionally, diet was assessed over 5 days via daily diary nutritional recalls and the estimate of the daily amount of creatine was calculated. Results: In the EFT when incongruente stimulus were presented there was a significant diferences between those with low and high intake of creatine (-35.3 ± 5.84; p < 0.001). Similarly, reaction time to answer incongruent stimulus (r = -0.383; p = 0.004) and the percent of correct answers (r = 0.743; p < 0.001) showed weak to strong correlations with self-reported daily creatine intake. Conclusions: In conclusion, our results suggest that in elderly women with overweight that dietary intake of creatine may influence cognitive ability. Clinical Implications: Our findings support the idea that intake of dietary creatine may be an important factor for cognition in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Machado
- 155093Universidade Iguaçu Campus V, Itaperuna, RJ, Brazil
- Itaperuna Universitary Foundation (FUNITA), Itaperuna, RJ, Brazil
| | - Travis D Masterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, 52469The Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA
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Dintica CS, Hoang T, Allen N, Sidney S, Yaffe K. The Metabolic Syndrome Is Associated With Lower Cognitive Performance and Reduced White Matter Integrity in Midlife: The CARDIA Study. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:942743. [PMID: 35924230 PMCID: PMC9339689 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.942743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease risk factors play a critical role in brain aging. The metabolic syndrome (MetS), a constellation of cardiovascular risk factors, has been associated with poorer cognition in old age; however, it is unclear if it is connected to brain health earlier in life. Methods We investigated the association of MetS (n = 534, 18.5%) vs. no MetS (n = 2,346, 81.5%) with cognition in midlife within the prospective study, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA). At midlife (mean age 50), MetS was defined using National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines. At the 5-year follow-up, a cognitive battery was administered including tests of processing speed (Digit Symbol Substitution Test, DSST), executive function (the Stroop Test), verbal memory (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, RAVLT), verbal fluency (category and letter fluency), and global cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA). A sub-sample (n = 453) underwent brain MRI. Results Participants with MetS had worse performance on tests of verbal fluency, processing speed, executive function, and verbal memory (p < 0.05), but not on global cognition. MetS was also associated with lower frontal, parietal, temporal, and total white matter integrity (p < 0.05), as assessed with fractional anisotropy. Conclusions MetS is associated with lower cognition and microstructural brain alterations already at midlife, suggesting that MetS should be targeted earlier in life in order to prevent adverse brain and cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina S. Dintica
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Tina Hoang
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, CA, United States
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Norrina Allen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Stephen Sidney
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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9
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Gauci S, Young LM, Arnoldy L, Scholey A, White DJ, Lassemillante AC, Meyer D, Pipingas A. The Association Between Diet and Cardio-Metabolic Risk on Cognitive Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study of Middle-Aged Australian Adults. Front Nutr 2022; 9:862475. [PMID: 35571882 PMCID: PMC9096908 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.862475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adherence to different dietary patterns has been linked to the development of cognitive decline; yet little is known about whether this relationship is present in middle age. The current study aimed to explore the relationship between different dietary patterns, cognitive performance, and potential cardio-metabolic mechanisms for this relationship. Participants were recruited using a diet screening tool to ensure that the cohort had a range of diet quality ranging from relatively poor to relatively healthy. In a sample of 141 middle-aged adults (age: M = 52.84 years, SD = 6.87 years), multiple 24 h diet recalls were collected and used to score adherence to the Mediterranean diet, dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet, and Mediterranean-DASH diet intervention for neurodegenerative delay (MIND) diet. Metabolic risk was assessed using the metabolic syndrome severity score (MetSSS) and arterial stiffness. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Swinburne University Computerized Cognitive Assessment Battery (SUCCAB). Adherence to the MIND diet was significantly related to Stroop Processing domain (β = 0.19, p = 0.035). None of the dietary patterns were significantly related to MetSSS or arterial stiffness. However, adherence to the DASH diet was significantly associated with two cardio-metabolic measures including lower augmentation index (β = -0.17, p = 0.032) and lowered cholesterol (β = -0.18, p = 0.041). Interestingly, two cardio-metabolic risk factors were also associated with better cognitive performance: MetSSS (β = 0.21, p = 0.010) and waist circumference (β = 0.22, p = 0.020). Together these findings suggest that diet in middle age may be important for cognitive functioning and cardio-metabolic risk. However, more research is needed in the form of randomized controlled trials to confirm the direction of these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gauci
- Centre of Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Food and Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren M Young
- Centre of Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Food and Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Lizanne Arnoldy
- Centre of Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre of Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Nutrition Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David J White
- Centre of Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Annie-Claude Lassemillante
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Health Professions, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Denny Meyer
- Department of Health Science and Biostatistics, Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre of Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiovascular disease risk factors that are related to several adverse health outcomes, including poor cognitive function. This review seeks to summarize and critically review select recent findings on the association between MetS and cognition. RECENT FINDINGS MetS was associated with lower domain-specific and global cognitive function in most cross-sectional studies, but findings from longitudinal studies are not consistent. The associations varied depending on age, sex, cognitive test, genetic susceptibility, and the duration of follow-up in prospective studies. MetS was associated with a higher risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and progression from MCI to dementia, particularly vascular dementia. Among MetS components, high blood pressure, high waist circumference, and hyperglycemia were the strongest predictors of cognitive function. MetS is associated with higher risk of cognitive impairment. Research is needed on how preventing or treating MetS affects cognition.
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Foret JT, Dekhtyar M, Cole JH, Gourley DD, Caillaud M, Tanaka H, Haley AP. Network Modeling Sex Differences in Brain Integrity and Metabolic Health. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:691691. [PMID: 34267647 PMCID: PMC8275835 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.691691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothesis-driven studies have demonstrated that sex moderates many of the relationships between brain health and cardiometabolic disease, which impacts risk for later-life cognitive decline. In the present study, we sought to further our understanding of the associations between multiple markers of brain integrity and cardiovascular risk in a midlife sample of 266 individuals by using network analysis, a technique specifically designed to examine complex associations among multiple systems at once. Separate network models were constructed for male and female participants to investigate sex differences in the biomarkers of interest, selected based on evidence linking them with risk for late-life cognitive decline: all components of metabolic syndrome (obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia); neuroimaging-derived brain-predicted age minus chronological age; ratio of white matter hyperintensities to whole brain volume; seed-based resting state functional connectivity in the Default Mode Network, and ratios of N-acetyl aspartate, glutamate and myo-inositol to creatine, measured through proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Males had a sparse network (87.2% edges = 0) relative to females (69.2% edges = 0), indicating fewer relationships between measures of cardiometabolic risk and brain integrity. The edges in the female network provide meaningful information about potential mechanisms between brain integrity and cardiometabolic health. Additionally, Apolipoprotein ϵ4 (ApoE ϵ4) status and waist circumference emerged as central nodes in the female model. Our study demonstrates that network analysis is a promising technique for examining relationships between risk factors for cognitive decline in a midlife population and that investigating sex differences may help optimize risk prediction and tailor individualized treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle T. Foret
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Maria Dekhtyar
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - James H. Cole
- Department of Computer Science, Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Drew D. Gourley
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Marie Caillaud
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Andreana P. Haley
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Biomedical Imaging Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
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