1
|
Lima Pereira V, Freitas S, Simões MR, Gerardo B. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA): A validation study among prisoners. CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH : CBMH 2023; 33:330-341. [PMID: 37552612 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are numerous scales for screening cognitive performance and thus identification of any potential deficits, but in spite of the vulnerability of the prison population to such problems, there has been no adequate validation of screening tools specifically for use with prisoners or others in the criminal justice system. AIM To validate the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) for use with prisoners. METHODS 100 adult prisoners in one Portuguese prison were randomly invited by clinicians to take part in this study. A same size sample of community-living adult non-offenders of similar age was selected from the MoCA's normative study database in Portugal. For both groups, the key inclusion criterion was fluency in the Portuguese language. All participants completed the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the MoCA, both in Portuguese translation. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated as an index of internal consistency and Pearson's r correlations calculated. Group performances were compared using independent samples t-test. Covariance analysis (ANCOVA) was computed with level of education as covariate. To measure the magnitude of the effect,η p 2 ${\eta }_{p}^{2}$ was used. A receiver operating characteristics curve analysis was computed to evaluate the discriminatory accuracy of MoCA and MMSE. RESULTS The MoCA showed a 'reasonable' internal consistency index (α = 0.75) as well as positive and significant correlations with the MMSE. As a cognitive measure, however, the MoCA showed consistently superior psychometric properties and higher discriminatory accuracy (MoCA = 89%) than the MMSE (65%). According to the Youden index, the optimal cut-off point for the MoCA is below 24 points, whereas for the MMSE, it is below 27. CONCLUSIONS The MoCA is a valid cognitive screening tool for use with prisoners. Further validations against detailed cognitive evaluation would be a useful next step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Lima Pereira
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Freitas
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra (FPCEUC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics Laboratory (PsyAssessmentLab), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra (FPCEUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mário R Simões
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra (FPCEUC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics Laboratory (PsyAssessmentLab), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra (FPCEUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bianca Gerardo
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra (FPCEUC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics Laboratory (PsyAssessmentLab), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra (FPCEUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gonçalves J, Gerardo B, Nogueira J, Afonso RM, Freitas S. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA): An update normative study for the Portuguese population. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2023:1-7. [PMID: 37708840 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2023.2252949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a brief cognitive screening instrument that is known for its good psychometric properties and sensitivity to detect mild cognitive impairment (MCI). After ten years, it became relevant to update the previous Portuguese normative study due to changes in the population and some limitations present in the study itself. The study sample was composed of 860 cognitively healthy adults, stratified according to verified distribution of the Portuguese population across several sociodemographic variables. All participants completed a neuropsychological assessment battery, in which the MoCA was included. The analysis of the relationships between the sociodemographic variables and the MoCA show that age and educational level had a significant effect on MoCA scores, with educational level being the better predictor. These results foster the consideration of age and educational level in the development of normative data. The present study contributes to a reliable update of the normative data of MoCA. The new age groups and more stratified norms comply with the natural changes on the Portuguese population, providing an increase of power and clinical accuracy. The presented norms consider the cognitive domains subscores, consequently improving the comprehension and utility of the results obtained from the MoCA test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Gonçalves
- Department of Psychology and Education, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Bianca Gerardo
- CINEIIC - Centro de Investigação do Núcleo de Estudos e Intervenção Cognitivo-Comportamental, Coimbra, Portugal
- Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics Laboratory (PsyAssessmentLab), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Nogueira
- CINEIIC - Centro de Investigação do Núcleo de Estudos e Intervenção Cognitivo-Comportamental, Coimbra, Portugal
- Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics Laboratory (PsyAssessmentLab), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa Marina Afonso
- Department of Psychology and Education, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Department of Psychology and Education, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Sandra Freitas
- Department of Psychology and Education, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- CINEIIC - Centro de Investigação do Núcleo de Estudos e Intervenção Cognitivo-Comportamental, Coimbra, Portugal
- Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics Laboratory (PsyAssessmentLab), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Teh L, Henderson D, Hage C, Chernyak Y. Interitem Psychometric Validation of the Stanford Integrated Assessment for Transplant Scale Among Thoracic Transplant Candidates. J Acad Consult Liaison Psychiatry 2023; 64:418-428. [PMID: 36521680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaclp.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychosocial evaluations are mandatory for transplant listing, however the methodology for creating psychosocial risk stratifications is unclear. The Standford Psychosocial Integrated Psychosocial Assessment for Transplant Scale is the most commonly used instrument, however its interitem validity has never been examined. OBJECTIVE To investigate the interitem validity of a psychosocial assessment tool for transplant candidates among a sample of thoracic transplant candidates. METHODS Clinic data consisting of Stanford Integrated Psychosocial Assessment for Transplant administrations from 173 heart and lung transplant candidates were fit to a partial credit model. Data were subsequently fit to 4 separate partial credit models based on subscale categories, demonstrating the discrimination parameter estimate of each item. Differential item functioning analyses were conducted on the data within each subscale by sex to investigate potential bias produced by each item. RESULTS The initial partial credit model using the full scale did not converge, indicating the subscales possibly did not measure the same underlying construct. Subscale discrimination parameter estimates demonstrated that most items were adequately or highly discriminative. The item measuring history of substance use demonstrated poor fit and differential item functioning. CONCLUSIONS While the Stanford Integrated Psychosocial Assessment for Transplant has demonstrated strong potential as a standardized framework for psychosocial assessments in transplant, this study identified some areas for improvement in the scoring system. The subscale scores appeared to show greater construct validity when utilized individually than when aggregated to form a total score. The substance use/abuse/dependence item did not fit well into its respective subscale. Future studies should aim to optimize the scoring system and re-asses its construct validity to improve its accuracy in discriminating between high-risk candidates and those needing psychosocial assistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Teh
- Montefiore Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Bronx, NY; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Bronx, NY; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.
| | - Danielle Henderson
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Chadi Hage
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergy, and Critical Care, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Yelena Chernyak
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nicholas P, Green T, Purtell L, Bonner A. A cross-sectional study exploring cognitive impairment in kidney failure. J Ren Care 2021; 48:93-101. [PMID: 34227741 DOI: 10.1111/jorc.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known of the prevalence or associated factors of cognitive impairment in people with kidney failure. Assessment of cognition is necessary to inform comprehension of healthcare information, aptitude for dialysis modality and informed decision making. OBJECTIVES This study sought to determine the prevalence and factors associated with cognitive impairment in people with kidney failure. DESIGN Prospective cross-sectional. PARTICIPANTS Participants (n = 222) with chronic kidney disease grade 5 (CKD G5) including those not treated with dialysis, those undertaking dialysis independently or in a facility (CKD 5D), and those with a kidney transplant (CKD 5T). MEASUREMENTS Data were collected using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment tool, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (only the depression subscale), and a demographic questionnaire. Type of kidney disease and comorbidities were extracted from participants' hospital records. RESULTS Participants were 61 ± 13.63 years old; most were male (61.26%), and diabetes was the primary cause of kidney disease (34%). Prevalence of cognitive impairment was 34% although it was significantly higher for those in CKD G5 compared with other groups. A number of factors were found to be associated with cognitive impairment including, age, diabetes, hypertension, education, haemoglobin, albumin, parathyroid hormone, CKD G5, and length of time on treatment. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive impairment in kidney failure is common and it has significant implications for informed decision making and treatment choices. Routine assessment of cognitive function is an important part of clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Nicholas
- Kidney Health Service, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Theresa Green
- Surgical Treatment and Rehabilitation Service, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Nursing, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Louise Purtell
- Kidney Health Service, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia.,Chronic Kidney Disease Centre for Research Excellence, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ann Bonner
- Kidney Health Service, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia.,Chronic Kidney Disease Centre for Research Excellence, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Sala G, Inagaki H, Ishioka Y, Masui Y, Nakagawa T, Ishizaki T, Arai Y, Ikebe K, Kamide K, Gondo Y. The Psychometric Properties of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). SWISS JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1024/1421-0185/a000242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a test assessing global cognition in older adults which is often used by researchers and clinicians worldwide, although some of its psychometric properties have yet to be established. We focus on three fundamental aspects: the factorial structure of the MoCA, its general factor saturation, and the measurement invariance of the test. We administered the MoCA to a large sample of Japanese older adults clustered in three cohorts (69–71-year-olds, 79–81-year-olds, and 89–91-year-olds; N = 2,408). Our results show that the test has an overall stable hierarchical factorial structure with a general factor at its apex and satisfactory general-factor saturation. We also found measurement invariance across participants of different ages, educational levels, economic status, and sex. This comprehensive investigation thus supports the idea that the MoCA is a valid tool to assess global cognition in older adults of different socioeconomic status and age ranges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Sala
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroki Inagaki
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Ishioka
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yukie Masui
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Yasumichi Arai
- Center for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ikebe
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kei Kamide
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Gondo
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, University of Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lopez A, Caffò AO, Tinella L, Postma A, Bosco A. Studying Individual Differences in Spatial Cognition Through Differential Item Functioning Analysis. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10110774. [PMID: 33114284 PMCID: PMC7690914 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In the field of spatial cognition, the study of individual differences represents a typical research topic. Gender and age have been prominently investigated. A promising statistical technique used to identify the different responses to items in relation to different group memberships is the Differential Item Functioning Analysis (DIF). The aim of the present study was to investigate the DIF of the Landmark positioning on a Map (LPM) task, across age groups (young and elderly) and gender, in a sample of 400 healthy human participants. Methods: LPM is a hometown map completion test based on well-known and familiar landmarks used to assess allocentric mental representations. DIF was assessed on LPM items two times: on categorical (i.e., positions) and coordinate (i.e., distances) scores, separately. Results: When positions and distances were difficult to assess with respect to the intended reference point, the probability to endorse the items seemed to get worse for the elderly compared to the younger participants. Instead other features of landmarks (high pleasantness, restorativeness) seemed to improve the elderly performance. A gender-related improvement of probability to endorse distance estimation of some landmarks, favoring women, emerged, probably associated with their repeated experiences with those landmarks. Overall, the complexity of the task seemed to have a differential impact on young and elderly people while gender-oriented activities and places seemed to have a differential impact on men and women. Conclusions: For the first time DIF was applied to a spatial mental representation task, based on the schematic sketch maps of the participants. The application of DIF to the study of individual differences in spatial cognition should become a systematic routine to early detect differential items, improving knowledge, as well as experimental control, on individual differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Lopez
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (A.O.C.); (L.T.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandro O. Caffò
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (A.O.C.); (L.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Luigi Tinella
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (A.O.C.); (L.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Albert Postma
- Helmholtz Institute, Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Andrea Bosco
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (A.O.C.); (L.T.); (A.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li X, Jia S, Zhou Z, Jin Y, Zhang X, Hou C, Zheng W, Rong P, Jiao J. The role of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and its memory tasks for detecting mild cognitive impairment. Neurol Sci 2018; 39:1029-1034. [PMID: 29550982 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-018-3319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the role of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) (Beijing version) and its memory tasks on detecting different mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subtypes including amnestic MCI (aMCI) and nonamnestic MCI (naMCI) in memory clinics. A total of 121 patients with MCI and 53 healthy controls were included. Fifty-six aMCI-multiple domains (amMCI), 32 aMCI-single domain (asMCI), and 33 naMCI patients were diagnosed according to extensive cognitive tests. All participants were administered by the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the MoCA. Patients with amMCI performed worse than patients with asMCI, naMCI, and healthy controls on the MMSE and the MoCA (p < 0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) value for the MoCA when comparing the amMCI and control groups was 0.884 (p < 0.001), which was superior to that of the MMSE. The AUC value decreased to 0.687 when applied to the naMCI and control groups (p = 0.007), which was still higher than that of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) or the Rey-Osterrieth complex figure (ROCF). Delayed free recall or category prompted recall in the MoCA had roles in differentiating asMCI and controls groups with AUC value of 0.717 (p = 0.002) and 0.691 (p = 0.005), respectively. The MoCA is a good screening tool for detecting different types of MCI and is suitable for patients in outpatient clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Li
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghua East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Shuhong Jia
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghua East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Department of Senior Official Ward, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghua East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiangfei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghua East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chunlei Hou
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghua East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wenjing Zheng
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghua East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Pei Rong
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghua East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jinsong Jiao
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghua East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang J, Redmond SJ, Bertoux M, Hodges JR, Hornberger M. A Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Neuropsychological Examination in the Diagnostic Distinction of Alzheimer's Disease and Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:119. [PMID: 27378905 PMCID: PMC4909756 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical distinction between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) remains challenging and largely dependent on the experience of the clinician. This study investigates whether objective machine learning algorithms using supportive neuroimaging and neuropsychological clinical features can aid the distinction between both diseases. Retrospective neuroimaging and neuropsychological data of 166 participants (54 AD; 55 bvFTD; 57 healthy controls) was analyzed via a Naïve Bayes classification model. A subgroup of patients (n = 22) had pathologically-confirmed diagnoses. Results show that a combination of gray matter atrophy and neuropsychological features allowed a correct classification of 61.47% of cases at clinical presentation. More importantly, there was a clear dissociation between imaging and neuropsychological features, with the latter having the greater diagnostic accuracy (respectively 51.38 vs. 62.39%). These findings indicate that, at presentation, machine learning classification of bvFTD and AD is mostly based on cognitive and not imaging features. This clearly highlights the urgent need to develop better biomarkers for both diseases, but also emphasizes the value of machine learning in determining the predictive diagnostic features in neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen J Redmond
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maxime Bertoux
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia Norwich, UK
| | - John R Hodges
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|