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Chou STY, Sutherland R, McCabe P. A systematic scoping review of the literacy skills of children with childhood apraxia of speech: Recommendations for best practice and further research. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38973309 DOI: 10.1080/17549507.2024.2363935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Little is known about the literacy skills of children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) or effective methods for teaching them to read. This systematic scoping review aimed to synthesise what is known about this issue. METHOD Nine databases were searched to identify relevant articles. Included articles were categorised by study design, quality, and confidence of CAS diagnosis. RESULT Twenty-three articles were included, 17 described literacy skills of children with CAS and six trialled literacy interventions. Children with CAS had early skills deficits that manifest as literacy difficulties in the later school years and beyond. They frequently had poorer outcomes compared with both typical readers and children with other speech disorders. Both the extent of literacy impairment and responsiveness to intervention appear to be related to the severity of speech impairment. Four literacy interventions for children with CAS were identified. CONCLUSIONS Children with CAS are at high risk of literacy difficulty and may require early literacy intervention to help them attain academic success. Further research is warranted to determine the longer-term literacy outcomes of children with CAS, appropriate means of assessment, and whether a systematic synthetic phonics approach is an effective form of literacy instruction for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Tzy Yun Chou
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Rebecca Sutherland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Patricia McCabe
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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Vuolo J, Kinross A, DeHart K. Manual Rhythmic Sequencing Skills in Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2023; 66:3773-3790. [PMID: 37672791 DOI: 10.1044/2023_jslhr-23-00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rhythm is one procedural mechanism that underlies language and motor skill acquisition and has been implicated in children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). The purpose of this study is to investigate manual rhythmic sequencing skills in children with a history of or current CAS (hx/CAS) compared to children with typical development (TD). METHOD Thirty-eight children (18 with hx/CAS, 20 with TD), ages 5;0-12;8 (years;months), from across the United States participated in an online study. Participants imitated two rhythms in two different conditions, clapping and tapping. We assessed overall accuracy, mean number of beats, pause marking, and rhythmic sequence variability using the Mann-Whitney U test. Effect sizes were calculated to examine the influence of coordinative complexity on performance. RESULTS Compared to children with TD, children with hx/CAS marked fewer trials with a pause in both conditions of the easier rhythm and showed lower overall accuracy and more variable rhythmic sequences in both rhythms and conditions. The mean number of beats produced by children with hx/CAS and children with TD did not differ in three out of four rhythms/conditions. Unlike children with TD, children with hx/CAS showed little improvement from clapping to tapping across most dependent measures; reducing coordination demands did not improve performance in children with hx/CAS. CONCLUSIONS We found that children with hx/CAS show manual rhythmic deficits that are similar to the deficits they display in speech. These findings provide support for a domain-general cognitive mechanisms account of the rhythmic deficits observed across linguistic and nonlinguistic tasks in children with hx/CAS. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24052821.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Vuolo
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | | | - Katlyn DeHart
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus
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Preston JL, Caballero NF, Leece MC, Wang D, Herbst BM, Benway NR. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Treatment Distribution and Biofeedback Effects on Speech Production in School-Age Children With Apraxia of Speech. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2023:1-23. [PMID: 37611182 DOI: 10.1044/2023_jslhr-22-00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examines how ultrasound biofeedback and intensive treatment distribution affect speech sound generalization during an evidence-based treatment, Speech Motor Chaining, for children with persisting speech errors associated with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). METHOD In a 2 × 2 factorial randomized controlled trial, children ages 9-17 years meeting CAS criteria were randomized to receive (a) a distributed treatment (20 sessions twice weekly over 10 weeks) or intensive treatment (20 hr in 5 weeks, with 10 hr in Week 1) and (b) treatment with or without biofeedback. Due to the COVID pandemic, some participants were randomized to distributed/intensive telepractice treatment only. The primary outcome was percent target sounds correct on untreated phrases (i.e., generalization) at the 10-week time point. More than 50,000 narrow phonetic transcriptions were analyzed. RESULTS Forty-eight participants completed treatment. Intensive treatment significantly increased generalization at all time points. The effect of biofeedback was significant at 5 weeks from the start of treatment but not significant at the primary 10-week time point. However, when comparing each group immediately after their 20 hr of treatment finished, generalization was significantly greater in intensive over distributed treatment and greater in ultrasound over no-ultrasound treatment (with a significant interaction favoring intensive treatment with ultrasound). Only the advantage of intensive treatment remained significant 5 weeks after groups finished treatment. There was no significant difference between face-to-face and telepractice modalities. CONCLUSIONS When the number of treatment hours is fixed, an intensive schedule of Speech Motor Chaining facilitated greater improvement than a distributed schedule. Ultrasound biofeedback initially accelerated learning, but the benefits may dissipate as treatment continues or after it ends.
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Iuzzini-Seigel J, Case J, Grigos MI, Velleman SL, Thomas D, Murray E. Dose frequency randomized controlled trial for Dynamic Temporal and Tactile Cueing (DTTC) treatment for childhood apraxia of speech: protocol paper. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:263. [PMID: 37226208 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a pediatric motor-based speech sound disorder that requires a specialized approach to intervention. The extant literature on the treatment of CAS commonly recommends intensive treatment using a motor-based approach, with some of the best evidence supporting the use of Dynamic Temporal and Tactile Cueing (DTTC). To date, a rigorous and systematic comparison of high and low dose frequency (i.e., frequency of therapy sessions) has not been undertaken for DTTC, resulting in a lack of evidence to guide decisions about the optimal treatment schedule for this intervention. The current study aims to fill this gap in knowledge by comparing treatment outcomes when dose frequency is varied. METHODS A randomized controlled trial will be conducted to examine the efficacy of low versus high dose frequency on DTTC treatment outcomes in children with CAS. A target of 60 children, 2;6-7;11 years of age, will be recruited to participate in this study. Treatment will be provided in the community setting by speech-language pathologists who have completed specialized training administering DTTC in a research reliable manner. True randomization with concealed allocation will be used to assign children to either the low or high dose frequency group. Treatment will be administered in 1-h sessions either 4 times per week over a 6-week period (high dose) or 2 times per week over a 12-week period (low dose). To measure treatment gains, probe data will be collected before treatment, during treatment, and 1 day, 1 week, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks post-treatment. Probe data will consist of customized treated words and a standard set of untreated words to assess generalization of treatment gains. The primary outcome variable will be whole word accuracy, encompassing segmental, phonotactic, and suprasegmental accuracy. DISCUSSION This will be the first randomized controlled trial to evaluate dose frequency for DTTC treatment in children with CAS. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT05675306, January 6, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenya Iuzzini-Seigel
- Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, Marquette University, PO Box 1881, Harriet Barker Cramer Hall, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA.
| | - Julie Case
- Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, Hofstra University, Davison Hall 106B, 110, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
| | - Maria I Grigos
- Communicative Sciences and Disorders, New York University, 665 Broadway, 9th floor, New York, NY, 10012, USA
| | - Shelley L Velleman
- University of Vermont, Pomeroy Hall, 489 Main St, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Donna Thomas
- University of Sydney, Susan Wakil Health Building, Western Avenue, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Murray
- University of Sydney, Susan Wakil Health Building, Western Avenue, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Remarkable Speech and Movement, 52 Anderson Avenue, Panania, NSW, 2213, Australia
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Cassar C, McCabe P, Cumming S. "I still have issues with pronunciation of words": A mixed methods investigation of the psychosocial and speech effects of Childhood Apraxia of Speech in adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2023; 25:193-205. [PMID: 35034534 DOI: 10.1080/17549507.2021.2018496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adolescents with Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) are likely to have persistent speech errors compared to non-CAS peers (Lewis et al., 2018) and may have ongoing psychosocial issues (e.g. Carrigg, Parry, Baker, Shriberg, & Ballard, 2016). Beyond this, little is known about the long-term consequences of CAS in adulthood. This study explored whether adults who were reported to have had CAS as children have ongoing psychosocial or speech impacts. METHOD A cross-sectional descriptive design, with mixed-method analyses of demographic, psychosocial, and speech data was used. Data were collected via a four-part online survey. Part one consisted of questions about demographic information and participants' self-reported performance in speech, language and literacy. Parts two and three investigated the psychosocial impacts of CAS using the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale - Revised (BFNE- R) and The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Part four collected single word and connected speech data via an online audio recording, which was then transcribed following the Connected Speech Transcription Protocol (CoST-P). Analyses of speech characteristics reported in CAS was completed using Phon software. RESULT There were 17 participants in part one, 16 in parts two and three, and six in part four. Participants reported elevated levels of state (p = 0.01) and trait (p = 0.0001) anxiety compared to normative data. Ongoing segmental and suprasegmental speech errors were observed, with a significant difference between percent phonemes correct in single words versus connected speech (p = 0.03). Participants who provided a speech sample had difficulty with correct stress, use of juncture, and had increased intra- and inter-word segregation. Participants with better speech reported less anxiety. CONCLUSION Psychosocial effects and speech characteristics associated with CAS in childhood appear to persist into adulthood. Confirmation of these results and research to determine treatment and psychosocial support needs past early childhood is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Cassar
- The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Liverpool Hospital, South West Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, Australia
| | - Patricia McCabe
- The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Liverpool Hospital, South West Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, Australia
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Differences and Commonalities in Children with Childhood Apraxia of Speech and Comorbid Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Multidimensional Perspective. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020313. [PMID: 35207801 PMCID: PMC8880782 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a motor speech disorder often co-occurring with language impairment and complex neurodevelopmental disorders. A cohort of 106 children with CAS associated to other neurodevelopmental disorders underwent a multidimensional investigation of speech and language profiles, chromosome microarray analysis and structural brain magnetic resonance (MR). Our aim was to compare the clinical profiles of children with CAS co-occurring with only language impairment with those who, in addition to language impairment, had other neurodevelopmental disorders. Expressive grammar was impaired in the majority of the sample in the context of similar alterations of speech, typical of the core symptoms of CAS. Moreover, children with complex comorbidities also showed more severe and persistent receptive language deficits. About 25% of the participants harbored copy number variations (CNVs) already described in association to neurodevelopmental disorders. CNVs occurred more frequently in children with complex comorbidities. MR structural/signal alterations were found in a small number of children and were of uncertain pathogenic significance. These results confirm that CAS needs multidimensional diagnostic and clinical management. The high frequency of language impairment has important implications for early care and demands a personalized treatment approach in which speech and language goals are consistently integrated.
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Kent RD, Kim Y, Chen LM. Oral and Laryngeal Diadochokinesis Across the Life Span: A Scoping Review of Methods, Reference Data, and Clinical Applications. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2022; 65:574-623. [PMID: 34958599 DOI: 10.1044/2021_jslhr-21-00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to conduct a scoping review of research on oral and laryngeal diadochokinesis (DDK) in children and adults, either typically developing/developed or with a clinical diagnosis. METHOD Searches were conducted with PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and legacy sources in retrieved articles. Search terms included the following: DDK, alternating motion rate, maximum repetition rate, sequential motion rate, and syllable repetition rate. RESULTS Three hundred sixty articles were retrieved and included in the review. Data source tables for children and adults list the number and ages of study participants, DDK task, and language(s) spoken. Cross-sectional data for typically developing children and typically developed adults are compiled for the monosyllables /pʌ/, /tʌ/, and /kʌ/; the trisyllable /pʌtʌkʌ/; and laryngeal DDK. In addition, DDK results are summarized for 26 disorders or conditions. DISCUSSION A growing number of multidisciplinary reports on DDK affirm its role in clinical practice and research across the world. Atypical DDK is not a well-defined singular entity but rather a label for a collection of disturbances associated with diverse etiologies, including motoric, structural, sensory, and cognitive. The clinical value of DDK can be optimized by consideration of task parameters, analysis method, and population of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray D Kent
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Yunjung Kim
- School of Communication Sciences & Disorders, Florida State University, Tallahassee
| | - Li-Mei Chen
- Department of Foreign Languages and Literature, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Murray E, Iuzzini-Seigel J, Maas E, Terband H, Ballard KJ. Differential Diagnosis of Childhood Apraxia of Speech Compared to Other Speech Sound Disorders: A Systematic Review. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2021; 30:279-300. [PMID: 33151751 DOI: 10.1044/2020_ajslp-20-00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the discriminative features that might contribute to differentiation of childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) from other speech sound disorders (SSDs). Method A comprehensive literature search was conducted for articles or doctoral dissertations that included ≥ 1 child with CAS and ≥ 1 child with SSD. Of 2,071 publications screened, 53 met the criteria. Articles were assessed for (a) study design and risk of bias; (b) participant characteristics and confidence in diagnosis; and (c) discriminative perceptual, acoustic, or kinematic measures. A criterion was used to identify promising studies: American Academy of Neurology study design (Class III+), replicable participant descriptions and adequate confidence in diagnosis (≥ 3), and ≥ 1 discriminative and reliable measure. Results Over 75% of studies were retrospective, case-control designs and/or assessed English-speaking children. Many studies did not fully describe study design and quality. No studies met the Class I (highest) quality rating according to American Academy of Neurology guidelines. CAS was mostly compared to speech delay/phonological disorder. Only six studies had diagnostic confidence ratings of 1 (best). Twenty-six studies reported discriminative perceptual measures, 14 reported discriminative acoustic markers, and four reported discriminative kinematic markers. Measures were diverse, and only two studies directly replicated previous findings. Overall, seven studies met the quality criteria, and another eight nearly met the study criteria to warrant further investigation. Conclusions There are no studies of the highest diagnostic quality. There are 15 studies that can contribute to further diagnostic efforts discriminating CAS from other SSDs. Future research should utilize careful diagnostic design, support replication, and adhere to standard reporting guidelines. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13158149.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Murray
- The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Remarkable Speech + Movement, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Hayo Terband
- Utrecht Institute of Linguistics OTS, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
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Turner SJ, Vogel AP, Parry-Fielder B, Campbell R, Scheffer IE, Morgan AT. Looking to the Future: Speech, Language, and Academic Outcomes in an Adolescent with Childhood Apraxia of Speech. Folia Phoniatr Logop 2019; 71:203-215. [PMID: 31330526 DOI: 10.1159/000500554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The clinical course of childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is poorly understood. Of the few longitudinal studies in the field, only one has examined adolescent outcomes in speech, language, and literacy. This study is the first to report long-term speech, language, and academic outcomes in an adolescent, Liam, with CAS. METHODS Speech, language, literacy, and academic outcome data were collected, including 3 research-based assessments. Overall, data were available at 17 time points from 3;10 to 15 years. RESULTS Liam had moderate-to-severe expressive language impairment and poor reading, writing, and spelling up to 10 years. His numeracy was at or above the national average from 8 to 14 years. He made gains in preadolescence, with average expressive language at 11 years and above average reading and writing at 14 years. Nonword reading, reading comprehension, and spelling remained areas of weakness. Receptive language impairment was evident at 13 years, which was an unexpected finding. CONCLUSION Findings from single cases can be hypothesis generating but require verification in larger cohorts. This case shows that at least some children with CAS may gain ground in adolescence, relative to same age peers, in expressive language and academic areas such as reading and writing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Turner
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, .,Speech and Language Group, Clinical Sciences Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,
| | - Adam P Vogel
- Centre for Neuroscience of Speech, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Redenlab, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bronwyn Parry-Fielder
- Department of Speech Pathology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Ingrid E Scheffer
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angela T Morgan
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Speech and Language Group, Clinical Sciences Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Liégeois FJ, Turner SJ, Mayes A, Bonthrone AF, Boys A, Smith L, Parry-Fielder B, Mandelstam S, Spencer-Smith M, Bahlo M, Scerri TS, Hildebrand MS, Scheffer IE, Connelly A, Morgan AT. Dorsal language stream anomalies in an inherited speech disorder. Brain 2019; 142:966-977. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samantha J Turner
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | - Angela Mayes
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | | | - Amber Boys
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville VIC, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | - Libby Smith
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | | | - Simone Mandelstam
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville VIC, Australia
- Royal Children’s Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | - Megan Spencer-Smith
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville VIC, Australia
- Monash University, Scenic Blvd, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | - Tom S Scerri
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | | | - Ingrid E Scheffer
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC, Australia
- Royal Children’s Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | - Alan Connelly
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | - Angela T Morgan
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville VIC, Australia
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Shriberg LD, Strand EA, Jakielski KJ, Mabie HL. Estimates of the prevalence of speech and motor speech disorders in persons with complex neurodevelopmental disorders. CLINICAL LINGUISTICS & PHONETICS 2019; 33:707-736. [PMID: 31221012 PMCID: PMC6633911 DOI: 10.1080/02699206.2019.1595732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Estimates of the prevalence of speech and motor speech disorders in persons with complex neurodevelopmental disorders (CND) can inform research in the biobehavioural origins and treatment of CND. The goal of this research was to use measures and analytics in a diagnostic classification system to estimate the prevalence of speech and motor speech disorders in convenience samples of speakers with one of eight types of CND. Audio-recorded conversational speech samples from 346 participants with one of eight types of CND were obtained from a database of participants recruited for genetic and behavioural studies of speech sound disorders (i.e., excluding dysfluency) during the past three decades. Data reduction methods for the speech samples included narrow phonetic transcription, prosody-voice coding, and acoustic analyses. Standardized measures were used to cross-classify participants' speech and motor speech status. Compared to the 17.8% prevalence of four types of motor speech disorders reported in a study of 415 participants with idiopathic Speech Delay (SD), 47.7% of the present participants with CND met criteria for one of four motor speech disorders, including Speech Motor Delay (25.1%), Childhood Dysarthria (13.3%), Childhood Apraxia of Speech (4.3%), and concurrent Childhood Dysarthria and Childhood Apraxia of Speech (4.9%). Findings are interpreted to indicate a substantial prevalence of speech disorders, and notably, a substantial prevalence of motor speech disorders in persons with some types of CND. We suggest that diagnostic classification information from standardized motor speech assessment protocols can contribute to research in the pathobiologies of CND. Abbreviations: 16p: 16p11.2 deletion and duplication syndrome; 22q: 22q11.2 deletion syndrome; ASD: Autism Spectrum Disorder; CAS: Childhood Apraxia of Speech; CD: Childhood Dysarthria; CND: Complex Neurodevelopmental Disorder; DS: Down syndrome; FXS: Fragile X syndrome; GAL: Galactosemia; IID: Idiopathic Intellectual Disability; MSD: Motor Speech Disorder; No MSD: No Motor Speech Disorder; NSA: Normal(ized) Speech Acquisition; PEPPER: Programs to Examine Phonetic and Phonologic Evaluation Records; PSD: Persistent Speech Delay; PSE: Persistent Speech Errors; SD: Speech Delay; SDCS: Speech Disorders Classification System; SDCSS: Speech Disorders Classification System Summary; SE: Speech Errors; SMD: Speech Motor Delay; SSD: Speech Sound Disorders; TBI: Traumatic Brain Injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence D. Shriberg
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research
Center, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Kathy J. Jakielski
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders,
Augustana College, Rock Island, IL, USA
| | - Heather L. Mabie
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research
Center, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Shriberg LD, Kwiatkowski J, Mabie HL. Estimates of the prevalence of motor speech disorders in children with idiopathic speech delay. CLINICAL LINGUISTICS & PHONETICS 2019; 33:679-706. [PMID: 30987467 PMCID: PMC6633906 DOI: 10.1080/02699206.2019.1595731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this research was to obtain initial estimates of the prevalence of each of four types of motor speech disorders in children with idiopathic Speech Delay (SD) and to use findings to estimate the population-based prevalence of each disorder. Analyses were completed on audio-recorded conversational speech samples from 415 children recruited for research in idiopathic SD in six USA cities during the past three decades. The speech and motor speech status of each participant was cross-classified using standardized measures in the finalized version of the Speech Disorders Classification System described in the Supplement. Population-based prevalence estimates for the four motor speech disorders were calculated from epidemiological studies of SD conducted in Australia, England, and the USA. A total of 82.2% of the 415 participants with SD met criteria for No Motor Speech Disorder at assessment, 12% met criteria for Speech Motor Delay, 3.4% met criteria for Childhood Dysarthria, 2.4% met criteria for Childhood Apraxia of Speech, and 0% met criteria for concurrent Childhood Dysarthria and Childhood Apraxia of Speech. The estimated population-based prevalence of each of the first three motor speech disorders at 4 to 8 years of age were Speech Motor Delay: 4 children per 1,000; Childhood Dysarthria: 1 child per 1,000; and Childhood Apraxia of Speech: 1 child per 1,000. The latter finding cross-validates a prior prevalence estimate for Childhood Apraxia of Speech of 1-2 children per 1,000. Findings are interpreted to indicate a substantial prevalence of motor speech disorders in children with idiopathic SD. Abbreviations: CAS, childhood apraxia of speech; CD, childhood dysarthria; CND, complex neurodevelopmental disorders; DI, dysarthria index; DSI, dysarthria subtype indices; MSD, motor speech disorder; No MSD, no motor speech disorder; NSA, normal(ized) speech acquisition; PEPPER, programs to examine phonetic and phonologic evaluation records; PM, pause marker; PMI, pause marker index; PSD, persistent speech delay; PSE, persistent speech errors; SD, speech delay; SDCS, speech disorders classification system; SDCSS, speech disorders classification system summary; SE, speech errors; SMD, speech motor delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence D Shriberg
- a Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Waisman Center , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , WI . USA
| | - Joan Kwiatkowski
- a Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Waisman Center , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , WI . USA
| | - Heather L Mabie
- a Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Waisman Center , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , WI . USA
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Wilson EM, Abbeduto L, Camarata SM, Shriberg LD. Estimates of the prevalence of speech and motor speech disorders in adolescents with Down syndrome. CLINICAL LINGUISTICS & PHONETICS 2019; 33:772-789. [PMID: 31221009 PMCID: PMC6604065 DOI: 10.1080/02699206.2019.1595735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Although there is substantial rationale for a motor component in the speech of persons with Down syndrome (DS), there presently are no published estimates of the prevalence of subtypes of motor speech disorders in DS. The goal of this research is to provide initial estimates of the prevalence of types of speech disorders and motor speech disorders in adolescents with DS. Conversational speech samples from a convenience sample of 45 adolescents with DS, ages 10 to 20 years old, were analysed using perceptual and acoustic methods and measures in the Speech Disorders Classification System (SDCS). The SDCS cross-classified participants into five mutually exclusive speech classifications and five mutually exclusive motor speech classifications. For participants meeting criteria for Childhood Dysarthria or for Childhood Dysarthria concurrent with Childhood Apraxia of Speech, the SDCS provided information on participants' percentile status on five subtypes of dysarthria. A total of 97.8% of participants met SDCS criteria for Speech Disorders and 97.8% met criteria for Motor Speech Disorders, including Childhood Dysarthria (37.8%), Speech Motor Delay (26.7%), Childhood Dysarthria and Childhood Apraxia of Speech (22.2%), and Childhood Apraxia of Speech (11.1%). Ataxia was the most prevalent dysarthria subtype. Nearly all participants with DS in the present sample had some type of speech and motor speech disorder, with implications for theory, assessment, prediction, and treatment. Specific to treatment, the present findings are interpreted as support for motor speech disorders as a primary explanatory construct to guide the selection and sequencing of treatment targets for persons with DS. Abbreviations: CAS: Childhood Apraxia of Speech; CD: Childhood Dysarthria; DS: Down syndrome; NSA: Normal(ized) Speech Acquisition; PSD: Persistent Speech Delay; PSE: Persistent Speech Errors; SD: Speech Delay; SDCS: Speech Disorders Classification System; SE: Speech Errors; SMD: Speech Motor Delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Wilson
- a Speech and Feeding Disorders Laboratory , MGH Institute of Health Professions , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Leonard Abbeduto
- b MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine , University of California , Davis , CA , USA
| | - Stephen M Camarata
- c Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Lawrence D Shriberg
- d Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Waisman Center , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , WI , USA
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