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Ciura P, Smardz P, Spodzieja M, Sieradzan AK, Krupa P. Multilayered Computational Framework for Designing Peptide Inhibitors of HVEM-LIGHT Interaction. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:6770-6785. [PMID: 38958133 PMCID: PMC11264271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c02255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) and its ligand LIGHT play crucial roles in immune system regulation, including T-cell proliferation, B-cell differentiation, and immunoglobulin secretion. However, excessive T-cell activation can lead to chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Thus, inhibiting the HVEM-LIGHT interaction emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy for these conditions and in preventing adverse reactions in organ transplantation. This study focused on designing peptide inhibitors, targeting the HVEM-LIGHT interaction, using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of 65 peptides derived from HVEM. These peptides varied in length and disulfide-bond configurations, crucial for their interaction with the LIGHT trimer. By simulating 31 HVEM domain variants, including the full-length protein, we assessed conformational changes upon LIGHT binding to understand the influence of HVEM segments and disulfide bonds on the binding mechanism. Employing multitrajectory microsecond-scale, all-atom MD simulations and molecular mechanics with generalized Born and surface area (MM-GBSA) binding energy estimation, we identified promising CRD2 domain variants with high LIGHT affinity. Notably, point mutations in these variants led to a peptide with a single disulfide bond (C58-C73) and a K54E substitution, exhibiting the highest binding affinity. The importance of the CRD2 domain and Cys58-Cys73 disulfide bond for interrupting HVEM-LIGHT interaction was further supported by analyzing truncated CRD2 variants, demonstrating similar binding strengths and mechanisms. Further investigations into the binding mechanism utilized steered MD simulations at various pulling speeds and umbrella sampling to estimate the energy profile of HVEM-based inhibitors with LIGHT. These comprehensive analyses revealed key interactions and different binding mechanisms, highlighting the increased binding affinity of selected peptide variants. Experimental circular dichroism techniques confirmed the structural properties of these variants. This study not only advances our understanding of the molecular basis of HVEM-LIGHT interactions but also provides a foundation for developing novel therapeutic strategies for immune-related disorders. Furthermore, it sets a gold standard for peptide inhibitor design in drug development due to its systematic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Ciura
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Fahrenheit Union of Universities in Gdańsk, University of Gdańsk, Baż̇yńskiego
8, 80-309 Gdansḱ, Poland
| | - Pamela Smardz
- Institute
of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Spodzieja
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Fahrenheit Union of Universities in Gdańsk, University of Gdańsk, Baż̇yńskiego
8, 80-309 Gdansḱ, Poland
| | - Adam K. Sieradzan
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Fahrenheit Union of Universities in Gdańsk, University of Gdańsk, Baż̇yńskiego
8, 80-309 Gdansḱ, Poland
| | - Pawel Krupa
- Institute
of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Varenyk Y, Theodorakis PE, Pham DQH, Li MS, Krupa P. Exploring Structural Insights of Aβ42 and α-Synuclein Monomers and Heterodimer: A Comparative Study Using Implicit and Explicit Solvent Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:4655-4669. [PMID: 38700150 PMCID: PMC11103699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Protein misfolding, aggregation, and fibril formation play a central role in the development of severe neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The structural stability of mature fibrils in these diseases is of great importance, as organisms struggle to effectively eliminate amyloid plaques. To address this issue, it is crucial to investigate the early stages of fibril formation when monomers aggregate into small, toxic, and soluble oligomers. However, these structures are inherently disordered, making them challenging to study through experimental approaches. Recently, it has been shown experimentally that amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42) and α-synuclein (α-Syn) can coassemble. This has motivated us to investigate the interaction between their monomers as a first step toward exploring the possibility of forming heterodimeric complexes. In particular, our study involves the utilization of various Amber and CHARMM force-fields, employing both implicit and explicit solvent models in replica exchange and conventional simulation modes. This comprehensive approach allowed us to assess the strengths and weaknesses of these solvent models and force fields in comparison to experimental and theoretical findings, ensuring the highest level of robustness. Our investigations revealed that Aβ42 and α-Syn monomers can indeed form stable heterodimers, and the resulting heterodimeric model exhibits stronger interactions compared to the Aβ42 dimer. The binding of α-Syn to Aβ42 reduces the propensity of Aβ42 to adopt fibril-prone conformations and induces significant changes in its conformational properties. Notably, in AMBER-FB15 and CHARMM36m force fields with the use of explicit solvent, the presence of Aβ42 significantly increases the β-content of α-Syn, consistent with the experiments showing that Aβ42 triggers α-Syn aggregation. Our analysis clearly shows that although the use of implicit solvent resulted in too large compactness of monomeric α-Syn, structural properties of monomeric Aβ42 and the heterodimer were preserved in explicit-solvent simulations. We anticipate that our study sheds light on the interaction between α-Syn and Aβ42 proteins, thus providing the atom-level model required to assess the initial stage of aggregation mechanisms related to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliia Varenyk
- Institute
of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
- Department
of Theoretical Chemistry, University of
Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | | | - Dinh Q. H. Pham
- Institute
of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mai Suan Li
- Institute
of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Krupa
- Institute
of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Rogoża NH, Krupa MA, Krupa P, Sieradzan AK. Integrating Explicit and Implicit Fullerene Models into UNRES Force Field for Protein Interaction Studies. Molecules 2024; 29:1919. [PMID: 38731411 PMCID: PMC11085604 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Fullerenes, particularly C60, exhibit unique properties that make them promising candidates for various applications, including drug delivery and nanomedicine. However, their interactions with biomolecules, especially proteins, remain not fully understood. This study implements both explicit and implicit C60 models into the UNRES coarse-grained force field, enabling the investigation of fullerene-protein interactions without the need for restraints to stabilize protein structures. The UNRES force field offers computational efficiency, allowing for longer timescale simulations while maintaining accuracy. Five model proteins were studied: FK506 binding protein, HIV-1 protease, intestinal fatty acid binding protein, PCB-binding protein, and hen egg-white lysozyme. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed with and without C60 to assess protein stability and investigate the impact of fullerene interactions. Analysis of contact probabilities reveals distinct interaction patterns for each protein. FK506 binding protein (1FKF) shows specific binding sites, while intestinal fatty acid binding protein (1ICN) and uteroglobin (1UTR) exhibit more generalized interactions. The explicit C60 model shows good agreement with all-atom simulations in predicting protein flexibility, the position of C60 in the binding pocket, and the estimation of effective binding energies. The integration of explicit and implicit C60 models into the UNRES force field, coupled with recent advances in coarse-grained modeling and multiscale approaches, provides a powerful framework for investigating protein-nanoparticle interactions at biologically relevant scales without the need to use restraints stabilizing the protein, thus allowing for large conformational changes to occur. These computational tools, in synergy with experimental techniques, can aid in understanding the mechanisms and consequences of nanoparticle-biomolecule interactions, guiding the design of nanomaterials for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia H. Rogoża
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Fahrenheit Union of Universities in Gdańsk, Bażyńskiego 8, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland; (N.H.R.); (M.A.K.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Magdalena A. Krupa
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Fahrenheit Union of Universities in Gdańsk, Bażyńskiego 8, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland; (N.H.R.); (M.A.K.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Pawel Krupa
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam K. Sieradzan
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Fahrenheit Union of Universities in Gdańsk, Bażyńskiego 8, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland; (N.H.R.); (M.A.K.); (A.K.S.)
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4
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Kuder KJ. Docking Foundations: From Rigid to Flexible Docking. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2780:3-14. [PMID: 38987460 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3985-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite the development of methods for the experimental determination of protein structures, the dissonance between the number of known sequences and their solved structures is still enormous. This is particularly evident in protein-protein complexes. To fill this gap, diverse technologies have been developed to study protein-protein interactions (PPIs) in a cellular context including a range of biological and computational methods. The latter derive from techniques originally published and applied almost half a century ago and are based on interdisciplinary knowledge from the nexus of the fields of biology, chemistry, and physics about protein sequences, structures, and their folding. Protein-protein docking, the main protagonist of this chapter, is routinely treated as an integral part of protein research. Herein, we describe the basic foundations of the whole process in general terms, but step by step from protein representations through docking methods and evaluation of complexes to their final validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil J Kuder
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
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5
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Jarończyk M, Abagyan R, Totrov M. Software and Databases for Protein-Protein Docking. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2780:129-138. [PMID: 38987467 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3985-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) provide valuable insights for understanding the principles of biological systems and for elucidating causes of incurable diseases. One of the techniques used for computational prediction of PPIs is protein-protein docking calculations, and a variety of software has been developed. This chapter is a summary of software and databases used for protein-protein docking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruben Abagyan
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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6
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Krupa MA, Krupa P. Free-Docking and Template-Based Docking: Physics Versus Knowledge-Based Docking. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2780:27-41. [PMID: 38987462 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3985-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Docking methods can be used to predict the orientations of two or more molecules with respect of each other using a plethora of various algorithms, which can be based on the physics of interactions or can use information from databases and templates. The usability of these approaches depends on the type and size of the molecules, whose relative orientation will be estimated. The two most important limitations are (i) the computational cost of the prediction and (ii) the availability of the structural information for similar complexes. In general, if there is enough information about similar systems, knowledge-based and template-based methods can significantly reduce the computational cost while providing high accuracy of the prediction. However, if the information about the system topology and interactions between its partners is scarce, physics-based methods are more reliable or even the only choice. In this chapter, knowledge-, template-, and physics-based methods will be compared and briefly discussed providing examples of their usability with a special emphasis on physics-based protein-protein, protein-peptide, and protein-fullerene docking in the UNRES coarse-grained model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena A Krupa
- Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Krupa
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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7
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Patel KN, Chavda D, Manna M. Molecular Docking of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins: Challenges and Strategies. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2780:165-201. [PMID: 38987470 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3985-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are a novel class of proteins that have established a significant importance and attention within a very short period of time. These proteins are essentially characterized by their inherent structural disorder, encoded mainly by their amino acid sequences. The profound abundance of IDPs and intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) in the biological world delineates their deep-rooted functionality. IDPs and IDRs convey such extensive functionality through their unique dynamic nature, which enables them to carry out huge number of multifaceted biomolecular interactions and make them "interaction hub" of the cellular systems. Additionally, with such widespread functions, their misfunctioning is also intimately associated with multiple diseases. Thus, understanding the dynamic heterogeneity of various IDPs along with their interactions with respective binding partners is an important field with immense potentials in biomolecular research. In this context, molecular docking-based computational approaches have proven to be remarkable in case of ordered proteins. Molecular docking methods essentially model the biomolecular interactions in both structural and energetic terms and use this information to characterize the putative interactions between the two participant molecules. However, direct applications of the conventional docking methods to study IDPs are largely limited by their structural heterogeneity and demands for unique IDP-centric strategies. Thus, in this chapter, we have presented an overview of current methodologies for successful docking operations involving IDPs and IDRs. These specialized methods majorly include the ensemble-based and fragment-based approaches with their own benefits and limitations. More recently, artificial intelligence and machine learning-assisted approaches are also used to significantly reduce the complexity and computational burden associated with various docking applications. Thus, this chapter aims to provide a comprehensive summary of major challenges and recent advancements of molecular docking approaches in the IDP field for their better utilization and greater applicability.Asp (D).
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyur N Patel
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dhruvil Chavda
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Moutusi Manna
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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8
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Borges-Araújo L, Patmanidis I, Singh AP, Santos LHS, Sieradzan AK, Vanni S, Czaplewski C, Pantano S, Shinoda W, Monticelli L, Liwo A, Marrink SJ, Souza PCT. Pragmatic Coarse-Graining of Proteins: Models and Applications. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:7112-7135. [PMID: 37788237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The molecular details involved in the folding, dynamics, organization, and interaction of proteins with other molecules are often difficult to assess by experimental techniques. Consequently, computational models play an ever-increasing role in the field. However, biological processes involving large-scale protein assemblies or long time scale dynamics are still computationally expensive to study in atomistic detail. For these applications, employing coarse-grained (CG) modeling approaches has become a key strategy. In this Review, we provide an overview of what we call pragmatic CG protein models, which are strategies combining, at least in part, a physics-based implementation and a top-down experimental approach to their parametrization. In particular, we focus on CG models in which most protein residues are represented by at least two beads, allowing these models to retain some degree of chemical specificity. A description of the main modern pragmatic protein CG models is provided, including a review of the most recent applications and an outlook on future perspectives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Borges-Araújo
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry (MMSB, UMR 5086), CNRS, University of Lyon, 7 Passage du Vercors, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Ilias Patmanidis
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Akhil P Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, Fribourg CH-1700, Switzerland
| | - Lucianna H S Santos
- Biomolecular Simulations Group, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Adam K Sieradzan
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Stefano Vanni
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, Fribourg CH-1700, Switzerland
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Cezary Czaplewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sergio Pantano
- Biomolecular Simulations Group, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Wataru Shinoda
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Luca Monticelli
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry (MMSB, UMR 5086), CNRS, University of Lyon, 7 Passage du Vercors, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Adam Liwo
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Siewert J Marrink
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paulo C T Souza
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry (MMSB, UMR 5086), CNRS, University of Lyon, 7 Passage du Vercors, 69007 Lyon, France
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Ślusarz R, Lubecka EA, Czaplewski C, Liwo A. Improvements and new functionalities of UNRES server for coarse-grained modeling of protein structure, dynamics, and interactions. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1071428. [PMID: 36589235 PMCID: PMC9794589 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1071428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we report the improvements and extensions of the UNRES server (https://unres-server.chem.ug.edu.pl) for physics-based simulations with the coarse-grained UNRES model of polypeptide chains. The improvements include the replacement of the old code with the recently optimized one and adding the recent scale-consistent variant of the UNRES force field, which performs better in the modeling of proteins with the β and the α+β structures. The scope of applications of the package was extended to data-assisted simulations with restraints from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and chemical crosslink mass-spectroscopy (XL-MS) measurements. NMR restraints can be input in the NMR Exchange Format (NEF), which has become a standard. Ambiguous NMR restraints are handled without expert intervention owing to a specially designed penalty function. The server can be used to run smaller jobs directly or to prepare input data to run larger production jobs by using standalone installations of UNRES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Ślusarz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Fahrenheit Union of Universities in Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Emilia A. Lubecka
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Fahrenheit Union of Universities in Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Cezary Czaplewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Fahrenheit Union of Universities in Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adam Liwo
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Fahrenheit Union of Universities in Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland,*Correspondence: Adam Liwo,
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10
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In Silico Evaluation of Nonsynonymous SNPs in Human ADAM33: The Most Common Form of Genetic Association to Asthma Susceptibility. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1089722. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/1089722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ADAM33 is a zinc-dependent metalloprotease of the ADAM family, which plays a vital biological role as an activator of Th2 cytokines and growth factors. Moreover, this protein is crucial for the normal development of the lung in the fetus two months after gestation leading to determining lung functions all over life. In this regard, mutations in ADAM33 have been linked with asthma risk factors. Consequently, identifying ADAM33 pathogenic nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) can be very important in asthma treatment. In the present study, 1055 nsSNPs of human ADAM33 were analyzed using biocomputational software, 31 of which were found to be detrimental mutations. Precise structural and stability analysis revealed D219V, C669G, and C606S as the most destabilizing SNPs. Furthermore, MD simulations disclosed higher overall fluctuation and alteration in intramolecular interactions compared with the wild-type structure. Overall, the results suggest D219V, C669G, and C606S detrimental mutations as a starting point for further case-control studies on the ADAM33 protein as well as an essential source for future targeted mechanisms.
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Al-Shuhaib MBS, Hashim HO, Al-Shuhaib JMB, Obayes DH. Artecanin of Laurus nobilis is a novel inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease with highly desirable druglikeness. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:2355-2367. [PMID: 35067202 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2030801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Main protease (Mpro) is a critical enzyme in the life cycle of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus -2 (SARS-CoV-2). Due to its essential role in the maturation of the polyproteins, the necessity to inhibit Mpro is one of the essential means to prevent the outbreak of COVID-19. In this context, this study was conducted on the natural compounds of medicinal plants that are commonly available in the Middle East to find out the most potent one to inhibit Mpro with the best bioavailability and druglikeness properties. A total of 3392 compounds of sixty-six medicinal plants were retrieved from PubChem database and docked against Mpro. Thirty compounds with the highest docking scores with Mpro were chosen for further virtual screening. Variable druglikeness and toxicity potentials of these compounds were evaluated using SwissADME and Protox servers respectively. Out of these virtually screened compounds, artecanin was predicted to exhibit the most favourable druglikeness potentials, accompanied by no predicted hepatoxicity, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and cytotoxicity. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations showed that Mpro-artecanin complex exhibited comparable stability with that observed in the ligand-free Mpro. This study revealed for the first time that artecanin from Laurus nobilis provided a novel static and dynamic inhibition for Mpro with excellent safety, oral bioavailability, and pharmacokinetic profile. This study suggested the ability of artecanin to be used as a potential natural inhibitor that can be used to block or at least counteract the SARS-CoV-2 invasion.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hayder O. Hashim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Babil, Iraq
| | | | - Daniel H. Obayes
- Babylon Directorate of Education, Ministry of Education, Babil, Iraq
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12
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Modeling the Structure, Dynamics, and Transformations of Proteins with the UNRES Force Field. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2376:399-416. [PMID: 34845623 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1716-8_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The physics-based united-residue (UNRES) model of proteins ( www.unres.pl ) has been designed to carry out large-scale simulations of protein folding. The force field has been derived and parameterized based on the principles of statistical-mechanics, which makes it independent of structural databases and applicable to treat nonstandard situations such as, proteins that contain D-amino-acid residues. Powered by Langevin dynamics and its replica-exchange extensions, UNRES has found a variety of applications, including ab initio and database-assisted protein-structure prediction, simulating protein-folding pathways, exploring protein free-energy landscapes, and solving biological problems. This chapter provides a summary of UNRES and a guide for potential users regarding the application of the UNRES package in a variety of research tasks.
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13
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Al-Shuhaib MBS, Hashim HO, Al-Shuhaib JMB. Epicatechin is a promising novel inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 entry by disrupting interactions between angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 and the viral receptor binding domain: A computational/simulation study. Comput Biol Med 2021; 141:105155. [PMID: 34942397 PMCID: PMC8679518 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.105155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the first target of SARS-CoV-2 and a key functional host receptor through which this virus hooks into and infects human cells. The necessity to block this receptor is one of the essential means to prevent the outbreak of COVID-19. This study was conducted to determine the most eligible natural compound to suppress ACE2 to counterfeit its interaction with the viral infection. To do this, the most known compounds of sixty-six Iraqi medicinal plants were generated and retrieved from PubChem database. After preparing a library for Iraqi medicinal plants, 3663 unique ligands’ conformers were docked to ACE2 using the GLIDE tool. Results found that twenty-three compounds exhibited the highest binding affinity with ACE2. The druglikeness and toxicity potentials of these compounds were evaluated using SwissADME and Protox servers respectively. Out of these virtually screened twenty-three compounds, epicatechin and kempferol were predicted to exert the highest druglikeness and lowest toxicity potentials. Extended Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations showed that ACE2-epicatechin complex exhibited a slightly higher binding stability than ACE2-kempferol complex. In addition to the well-known ACE2 inhibitors that were identified in previous studies, this study revealed for the first time that epicatechin from Hypericum perforatum provided a better static and dynamic inhibition for ACE2 with highly favourable pharmacokinetic properties than the other known ACE2 inhibiting compounds. This study entailed the ability of epicatechin to be used as a potent natural inhibitor that can be used to block or at least weaken the SARS-CoV-2 entry and its subsequent invasion. In vitro experiments are required to validate epicatechin effectiveness against the activity of the human ACE2 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Baqur S Al-Shuhaib
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim, 51013, Babil, Iraq.
| | - Hayder O Hashim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Babil, 51001, Iraq.
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14
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Abstract
The biological significance of proteins attracted the scientific community in exploring their characteristics. The studies shed light on the interaction patterns and functions of proteins in a living body. Due to their practical difficulties, reliable experimental techniques pave the way for introducing computational methods in the interaction prediction. Automated methods reduced the difficulties but could not yet replace experimental studies as the field is still evolving. Interaction prediction problem being critical needs highly accurate results, but none of the existing methods could offer reliable performance that can parallel with experimental results yet. This article aims to assess the existing computational docking algorithms, their challenges, and future scope. Blind docking techniques are quite helpful when no information other than the individual structures are available. As more and more complex structures are being added to different databases, information-driven approaches can be a good alternative. Artificial intelligence, ruling over the major fields, is expected to take over this domain very shortly.
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15
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Liwo A, Czaplewski C, Sieradzan AK, Lipska AG, Samsonov SA, Murarka RK. Theory and Practice of Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics of Biologically Important Systems. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1347. [PMID: 34572559 PMCID: PMC8465211 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular dynamics with coarse-grained models is nowadays extensively used to simulate biomolecular systems at large time and size scales, compared to those accessible to all-atom molecular dynamics. In this review article, we describe the physical basis of coarse-grained molecular dynamics, the coarse-grained force fields, the equations of motion and the respective numerical integration algorithms, and selected practical applications of coarse-grained molecular dynamics. We demonstrate that the motion of coarse-grained sites is governed by the potential of mean force and the friction and stochastic forces, resulting from integrating out the secondary degrees of freedom. Consequently, Langevin dynamics is a natural means of describing the motion of a system at the coarse-grained level and the potential of mean force is the physical basis of the coarse-grained force fields. Moreover, the choice of coarse-grained variables and the fact that coarse-grained sites often do not have spherical symmetry implies a non-diagonal inertia tensor. We describe selected coarse-grained models used in molecular dynamics simulations, including the most popular MARTINI model developed by Marrink's group and the UNICORN model of biological macromolecules developed in our laboratory. We conclude by discussing examples of the application of coarse-grained molecular dynamics to study biologically important processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Liwo
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (C.C.); (A.K.S.); (A.G.L.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Cezary Czaplewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (C.C.); (A.K.S.); (A.G.L.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Adam K. Sieradzan
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (C.C.); (A.K.S.); (A.G.L.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Agnieszka G. Lipska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (C.C.); (A.K.S.); (A.G.L.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Sergey A. Samsonov
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (C.C.); (A.K.S.); (A.G.L.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Rajesh K. Murarka
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal 462066, MP, India;
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16
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Gondelaud F, Bouakil M, Le Fèvre A, Miele AE, Chirot F, Duclos B, Liwo A, Ricard-Blum S. Extended disorder at the cell surface: The conformational landscape of the ectodomains of syndecans. Matrix Biol Plus 2021; 12:100081. [PMID: 34505054 PMCID: PMC8416954 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2021.100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Syndecans are membrane proteoglycans regulating extracellular matrix assembly, cell adhesion and signaling. Their ectodomains can be shed from the cell surface, and act as paracrine and autocrine effectors or as competitors of full-length syndecans. We report the first biophysical characterization of the recombinant ectodomains of the four human syndecans using biophysical techniques, and show that they behave like flexible random-coil intrinsically disordered proteins, and adopt several conformation ensembles in solution. We have characterized their conformational landscapes using native mass spectrometry (MS) and ion-mobility MS, and demonstrated that the syndecan ectodomains explore the majority of their conformational landscape, from minor compact, globular-like, conformations to extended ones. We also report that the ectodomain of syndecan-4, corresponding to a natural isoform, is able to dimerize via a disulfide bond. We have generated a three-dimensional model of the C-terminus of this dimer, which supports the dimerization via a disulfide bond. Furthermore, we have mapped the NXIP adhesion motif of syndecans and their sequences involved in the formation of ternary complexes with integrins and growth factor receptors on the major conformations of their ectodomains, and shown that these sequences are not accessible in all the conformations, suggesting that only some of them are biologically active. Lastly, although the syndecan ectodomains have a far lower number of amino acid residues than their membrane partners, their intrinsic disorder and flexibility allow them to adopt extended conformations, which have roughly the same size as the cell surface receptors (e.g., integrins and growth factor receptors) they bind to.
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Key Words
- CCS, collision cross section
- CD, circular dichroism
- CSD, charge state distribution
- Cell-matrix interactions
- Conformations
- DLS, dynamic light scattering
- DTT, dithiothreitol
- ED, ectodomain
- ESI-IM-MS, electrospray ionization - ion mobility - mass spectrometry
- ESI-MS, electrospray ionization - mass spectrometry
- GAG, glycosaminoglycan
- IDP, intrinsically disordered protein
- Intrinsically disordered proteins
- MoRF, molecular recognition feature
- PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- PMG, pre-molten globule
- RC, random-coil
- SASA, solvent accessible surface area
- SAXS, small angle X-ray scattering
- SDC, syndecan
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SEC, size exclusion chromatography
- Syndecans
- TFE, trifluoroethanol
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Gondelaud
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS), UMR 5246, F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Mathilde Bouakil
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, UMR 5306, Cité Lyonnaise de l'Environnement et de l'Analyse, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Aurélien Le Fèvre
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Adriana Erica Miele
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS), UMR 5246, F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Fabien Chirot
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Bertrand Duclos
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS), UMR 5246, F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Adam Liwo
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS), UMR 5246, F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
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Kogut M, Gong Z, Tang C, Liwo A. Pseudopotentials for coarse-grained cross-link-assisted modeling of protein structures. J Comput Chem 2021; 42:2054-2067. [PMID: 34402552 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pseudopotentials for the chemical cross-links comprising the glutamic- and aspartic-acid side chains bridged with adipic- (ADH) or pimelic-acid hydrazide (PDH), and the lysine side chains bridged with glutaric (BS2 G) or suberic acid (BS3 ) for coarse-grained cross-link-assisted simulations were determined by canonical molecular dynamics with the Amber14sb force field. The potentials depend on the distance between side-chain ends and on side-chain orientation, this preventing from making cross-link contacts across the globule in simulations. The potentials were implemented in the UNRES coarse-grained force field and their effect on the quality of models was assessed with 11 monomeric and 1 dimeric proteins, using synthetic or experimental cross-link data. Simulations with the new potentials resulted in improvement of the generated models compared to unrestrained simulations in more instances compared to those with the statistical potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kogut
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Zhou Gong
- Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun Tang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, PKU-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Adam Liwo
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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18
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Kurcinski M, Kmiecik S, Zalewski M, Kolinski A. Protein-Protein Docking with Large-Scale Backbone Flexibility Using Coarse-Grained Monte-Carlo Simulations. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147341. [PMID: 34298961 PMCID: PMC8306105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the protein–protein docking methods treat proteins as almost rigid objects. Only the side-chains flexibility is usually taken into account. The few approaches enabling docking with a flexible backbone typically work in two steps, in which the search for protein–protein orientations and structure flexibility are simulated separately. In this work, we propose a new straightforward approach for docking sampling. It consists of a single simulation step during which a protein undergoes large-scale backbone rearrangements, rotations, and translations. Simultaneously, the other protein exhibits small backbone fluctuations. Such extensive sampling was possible using the CABS coarse-grained protein model and Replica Exchange Monte Carlo dynamics at a reasonable computational cost. In our proof-of-concept simulations of 62 protein–protein complexes, we obtained acceptable quality models for a significant number of cases.
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19
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Krupa P, Spodzieja M, Sieradzan AK. Prediction of CD28-CD86 protein complex structure using different level of resolution approach. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 103:107802. [PMID: 33246194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immune system plays essential role in functioning of higher organisms. Its hyperactivity can lead to autoimmune diseases or even anaphylactic shock while hypoactivity leads to proneness to infections or even cancer. T-cells play crucial role in immunity mechanisms and their activation and inhibition is strictly controlled by the regulatory proteins, such as CD28 and CTLA-4. Activity of these proteins is controlled by a pair of ligands, named CD80 and CD86, which can non-covalently bound to their receptors. While structure of human CTLA-4-CD86 complex in known, there is still no available structure for the CD28-CD86 system. To obtain the reliable structure of CD28-CD86 complex we first validated our methodology on the CTLA-4-CD86 system. Then coarse-grained UNRES-dock molecular docking simulation was performed followed by all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. As a result, we obtained a complete CD28-CD86 complex structure on atomistic level, in which interaction interface is consistent with available data. We also determined the kinetic properties for CTLA4-CD86 and CD28-CD86 complexes with use of coarse-grained model and determined the key residues for complex formation with use of Robetta, PPCheck and HawkDock servers. Our results not only verify high accuracy of the UNRES-dock method, but also provide a highly reliable model of the CD28-CD86 complex, which can be used in further studies and drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Krupa
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Marta Spodzieja
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adam K Sieradzan
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
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