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Šimková A, Civáňová Křížová K, Voříšková K, Vetešník L, Bystrý V, Demko M. Transcriptome Profile Analyses of Head Kidney in Roach ( Rutilus rutilus), Common Bream ( Abramis brama) and Their Hybrids: Does Infection by Monogenean Parasites in Freshwater Fish Reveal Differences in Fish Vigour among Parental Species and Their Hybrids? BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1199. [PMID: 37759598 PMCID: PMC10525477 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid generations usually face either a heterosis advantage or a breakdown, that can be expressed by the level of parasite infection in hybrid hosts. Hybrids are less infected by parasites than parental species (especially F1 generations) or more infected than parental species (especially post-F1 generations). We performed the experiment with blood-feeding gill parasite Paradiplozoon homoion (Monogenea) infecting leuciscid species, Abramis brama and Rutilus rutilus, their F1 generation and two backcross generations. Backcross generations tended to be more parasitized than parental lines and the F1 generation. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was lower in F1 hybrids and higher in backcross hybrids when compared to each of the parental lines. The main groups of DEGs were shared among lines; however, A. brama and R. rutilus differed in some of the top gene ontology (GO) terms. DEG analyses revealed the role of heme binding and erythrocyte differentiation after infection by blood-feeding P. homoion. Two backcross generations shared some of the top GO terms, representing mostly downregulated genes associated with P. homoion infection. KEGG analysis revealed the importance of disease-associated pathways; the majority of them were shared by two backcross generations. Our study revealed the most pronounced DEGs associated with blood-feeding monogeneans in backcross hybrids, potentially (but not exclusively) explainable by hybrid breakdown. The lower DEGs reported in F1 hybrids being less parasitized than backcross hybrids is in line with the hybrid advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Šimková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.C.K.); (K.V.)
| | - Kristína Civáňová Křížová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.C.K.); (K.V.)
| | - Kristýna Voříšková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.C.K.); (K.V.)
| | - Lukáš Vetešník
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.C.K.); (K.V.)
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.V.)
| | - Vojtěch Bystrý
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Martin Demko
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.C.K.); (K.V.)
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.B.); (M.D.)
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Singh J, Aggarwal R, Bashyal BM, Darshan K, Meena BR, Yadav J, Saharan MS, Hussain Z. Temporal transcriptome of tomato elucidates the signaling pathways of induced systemic resistance and systemic acquired resistance activated by Chaetomium globosum. Front Genet 2022; 13:1048578. [PMID: 36467997 PMCID: PMC9716087 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1048578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
C. globosum is an endophytic fungus, which is recorded effective against several fungal and bacterial diseases in plants. The exclusively induce defense as mechanism of biocontrol for C. globosum against phyto-pathogens is reported. Our pervious study states the effectiveness of induced defense by C. globosum (Cg), in tomato against Alternaria solani. In this study the temporal transcriptome analysis of tomato plants after treatment with C. globosum was performed for time points at 0 hpCi, 12 hpCi, 24 hpCi and 96 phCi. The temporal expression analysis of genes belonging to defense signaling pathways indicates the maximum expression of genes at 12 h post Cg inoculation. The sequential progression in JA signaling pathway is marked by upregulation of downstream genes (Solyc10g011660, Solyc01g005440) of JA signaling at 24 hpCi and continued to express at same level upto 96 hpCi. However, the NPR1 (Solyc07g040690), the key regulator of SA signaling is activated at 12 h and repressed in later stages. The sequential expression of phenylpropanoid pathway genes (Solyc09g007920, Solyc12g011330, Solyc05g047530) marks the activation of pathway with course of time after Cg treatment that results in lignin formation. The plant defense signaling progresses in sequential manner with time course after Cg treatment. The results revealed the involvement of signaling pathways of ISR and SAR in systemic resistance induced by Cg in tomato, but with temporal variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagmohan Singh
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Barnala, India
| | - Rashmi Aggarwal
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Rashmi Aggarwal,
| | - Bishnu Maya Bashyal
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - K. Darshan
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Forest Protection Division, ICFRE-TFRI, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | | | - Jagdish Yadav
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - M. S. Saharan
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Zakir Hussain
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR- IARI, New Delhi, India
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3
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Singh J, Aggarwal R, Bashyal BM, Darshan K, Parmar P, Saharan MS, Hussain Z, Solanke AU. Transcriptome Reprogramming of Tomato Orchestrate the Hormone Signaling Network of Systemic Resistance Induced by Chaetomium globosum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:721193. [PMID: 34630468 PMCID: PMC8495223 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.721193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chaetomium globosum is a potential biological control agent effective against various plant pathogens. Several reports are available on the mycoparastism and antibiosis mechanisms of C. globosum against plant pathogenic fungi, whereas a few states induced resistance. The potential induced defense component of C. globosum (Cg-2) was evaluated against early blight disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and further, global RNA sequencing was performed to gain deep insight into its mechanism. The expression of marker genes of hormone signaling pathways, such as PR1, PiII, PS, PAL, Le4, and GluB were analyzed using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) to determine the best time point for RNA sequencing. The transcriptome data revealed that 22,473 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were expressed in tomato at 12 h post Cg-2 inoculation as compared with control plants and among these 922 DEGs had a fold change of -2 to +2 with p < 0.05. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that most of the DEGs were belonging to metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, plant-pathogen interaction, chlorophyll metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that DEGs were enriched mainly related to binding activity (GO:0005488), catalytic activity (GO:0003824), metabolic process (GO:0008152), cellular process (GO:0009987), response to stimulus (GO:0050896), biological regulation (GO:0065007), and transcription regulator activity (GO:0140110). The gene modulations in hormone signaling transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MPK) signaling indicated the upregulation of genes in these pathways. The results revealed active participation of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) signaling transduction pathways which further indicated the involvement of induced systemic resistance (ISR) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in the systemic resistance induced by Cg-2 in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagmohan Singh
- Fungal Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi Aggarwal
- Fungal Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Bishnu Maya Bashyal
- Fungal Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - K Darshan
- Forest Protection Division, IC FRE-Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur, India
| | - Pooja Parmar
- Fungal Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - M S Saharan
- Fungal Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Zakir Hussain
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Amolkumar U Solanke
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, India
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Improved Large-Scale Homology Search by Two-Step Seed Search Using Multiple Reduced Amino Acid Alphabets. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091455. [PMID: 34573438 PMCID: PMC8469100 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Metagenomic analysis, a technique used to comprehensively analyze microorganisms present in the environment, requires performing high-precision homology searches on large amounts of sequencing data, the size of which has increased dramatically with the development of next-generation sequencing. NCBI BLAST is the most widely used software for performing homology searches, but its speed is insufficient for the throughput of current DNA sequencers. In this paper, we propose a new, high-performance homology search algorithm that employs a two-step seed search strategy using multiple reduced amino acid alphabets to identify highly similar subsequences. Additionally, we evaluated the validity of the proposed method against several existing tools. Our method was faster than any other existing program for ≤120,000 queries, while DIAMOND, an existing tool, was the fastest method for >120,000 queries.
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Analysis of 56,348 Genomes Identifies the Relationship between Antibiotic and Metal Resistance and the Spread of Multidrug-Resistant Non-Typhoidal Salmonella. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071468. [PMID: 34361911 PMCID: PMC8306355 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is common foodborne pathogen that generates both enteric and systemic infections in hosts. Antibiotic resistance is common is certain serovars of the pathogen and of great concern to public health. Recent reports have documented the co-occurrence of metal resistance with antibiotic resistance in one serovar of S. enterica. Therefore, we sought to identify possible co-occurrence in a large genomic dataset. Genome assemblies of 56,348 strains of S. enterica comprising 20 major serovars were downloaded from NCBI. The downloaded assemblies were quality controlled and in silico serotyped to ensure consistency and avoid improper annotation from public databases. Metal and antibiotic resistance genes were identified in the genomes as well as plasmid replicons. Co-occurrent genes were identified by constructing a co-occurrence matrix and grouping said matrix using k-means clustering. Three groups of co-occurrent genes were identified using k-means clustering. Group 1 was comprised of the pco and sil operons that confer resistance to copper and silver, respectively. Group 1 was distributed across four serovars. Group 2 contained the majority of the genes and little to no co-occurrence was observed. Metal and antibiotic co-occurrence was identified in group 3 that contained genes conferring resistance to: arsenic, mercury, beta-lactams, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines. Group 3 genes were also associated with an IncQ1 class plasmid replicon. Metal and antibiotic co-occurrence from group 3 genes is mostly isolated to one clade of S. enterica I 4,[5],12:i:-.
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Schulz T, Wittler R, Rahmann S, Hach F, Stoye J. Detecting High Scoring Local Alignments in Pangenome Graphs. Bioinformatics 2021; 37:2266-2274. [PMID: 33532821 PMCID: PMC8388040 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation Increasing amounts of individual genomes sequenced per species motivate the usage of pangenomic approaches. Pangenomes may be represented as graphical structures, e.g. compacted colored de Bruijn graphs, which offer a low memory usage and facilitate reference-free sequence comparisons. While sequence-to-graph mapping to graphical pangenomes has been studied for some time, no local alignment search tool in the vein of BLAST has been proposed yet. Results We present a new heuristic method to find maximum scoring local alignments of a DNA query sequence to a pangenome represented as a compacted colored de Bruijn graph. Our approach additionally allows a comparison of similarity among sequences within the pangenome. We show that local alignment scores follow an exponential-tail distribution similar to BLAST scores, and we discuss how to estimate its parameters to separate local alignments representing sequence homology from spurious findings. An implementation of our method is presented, and its performance and usability are shown. Our approach scales sublinearly in running time and memory usage with respect to the number of genomes under consideration. This is an advantage over classical methods that do not make use of sequence similarity within the pangenome. Availability and implementation Source code and test data are available from https://gitlab.ub.uni-bielefeld.de/gi/plast. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tizian Schulz
- Faculty of Technology and Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany.,Bielefeld Institute for Bioinformatics Infrastructure (BIBI), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany.,Graduate School "Digital Infrastructure for the Life Sciences" (DILS), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
| | - Roland Wittler
- Faculty of Technology and Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany.,Bielefeld Institute for Bioinformatics Infrastructure (BIBI), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
| | - Sven Rahmann
- Genome Informatics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45122, Germany
| | - Faraz Hach
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, V6H 3Z6, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jens Stoye
- Faculty of Technology and Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany.,Bielefeld Institute for Bioinformatics Infrastructure (BIBI), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
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7
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Darshan K, Aggarwal R, Bashyal BM, Singh J, Shanmugam V, Gurjar MS, Solanke AU. Transcriptome Profiling Provides Insights Into Potential Antagonistic Mechanisms Involved in Chaetomium globosum Against Bipolaris sorokiniana. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:578115. [PMID: 33365017 PMCID: PMC7750538 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.578115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaetomium globosum Kunze is recognized as a potential biocontrol fungus against spot blotch of wheat caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana. Its molecular mechanism of biocontrol activity and the biosynthetic pathways involved have not been yet elucidated. Here, global transcriptome profiling of C. globosum strain Cg2 during interaction with B. sorokiniana isolate BS112 using RNA-seq was performed in order to gain insights into the potential mechanisms of antagonism. The Illumina HiSeq platform (2 × 150 bp) yielded an average of 20-22 million reads with 50-58% GC. De novo assembly generated 45,582 transcripts with 27,957 unigenes. Transcriptome analysis displayed distinct expression profiles in the interaction (Cg2-BS112), out of which 6,109 unique differentially expressed genes were present. The predominant transcripts classified as genes involved in "catalytic activity" constituted 45.06%, of which 10.02% were associated with "hydrolytic activity" (GO:0008152), and similarly, in the biological process, 29.18% of transcripts were involved in "metabolic activity" (GO:0004096 and GO:0006979). Heat map and cluster categorization suggested an increase in the expression levels of genes encoding secondary metabolites like polyketide synthase (GO:0009058), S-hydroxymethyl glutathione dehydrogenase (GO:0006069), terpene cyclase (EC 4.2.3.-), aminotran_1_2 domain-containing protein (GO:0009058), and other hydrolytic CAZYmes such as the glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family (GH 13, GH 2, GH 31, and GH 81; GO:0005975), cellulase domain-containing protein, chitinases, β-1, 3-glucanases (GO:0004565), glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucanase (GO:0052861), and proteases (GO:0004177). The obtained RNA-seq data were validated by RT-qPCR using 20 randomly chosen genes, showing consistency with the RNA-seq results. The present work is worldwide the first effort to unravel the biocontrol mechanism of C. globosum against B. sorokiniana. It generated a novel dataset for further studies and facilitated improvement of the gene annotation models in the C. globosum draft genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Darshan
- Fungal Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi Aggarwal
- Fungal Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Bishnu Maya Bashyal
- Fungal Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Jagmohan Singh
- Fungal Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - V. Shanmugam
- Fungal Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Malkhan S. Gurjar
- Fungal Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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A two-stage density clustering algorithm. Soft comput 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00500-020-05028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Nikaido M, Kondo S, Zhang Z, Wu J, Nishihara H, Niimura Y, Suzuki S, Touhara K, Suzuki Y, Noguchi H, Minakuchi Y, Toyoda A, Fujiyama A, Sugano S, Yoneda M, Kai C. Comparative genomic analyses illuminate the distinct evolution of megabats within Chiroptera. DNA Res 2020; 27:5910551. [PMID: 32966557 PMCID: PMC7547651 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsaa021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The revision of the sub-order Microchiroptera is one of the most intriguing outcomes in recent mammalian molecular phylogeny. The unexpected sister–taxon relationship between rhinolophoid microbats and megabats, with the exclusion of other microbats, suggests that megabats arose in a relatively short period of time from a microbat-like ancestor. In order to understand the genetic mechanism underlying adaptive evolution in megabats, we determined the whole-genome sequences of two rousette megabats, Leschenault’s rousette (Rousettus leschenaultia) and the Egyptian fruit bat (R. aegyptiacus). The sequences were compared with those of 22 other mammals, including nine bats, available in the database. We identified that megabat genomes are distinct in that they have extremely low activity of SINE retrotranspositions, expansion of two chemosensory gene families, including the trace amine receptor (TAAR) and olfactory receptor (OR), and elevation of the dN/dS ratio in genes for immunity and protein catabolism. The adaptive signatures discovered in the genomes of megabats may provide crucial insight into their distinct evolution, including key processes such as virus resistance, loss of echolocation, and frugivorous feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Nikaido
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Shinji Kondo
- Advanced Genomics Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Joint Support-Center for Data Science Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Zicong Zhang
- Department of Computational Intelligence and Systems Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Hidenori Nishihara
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Niimura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shunta Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazushige Touhara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Hideki Noguchi
- Advanced Genomics Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Joint Support-Center for Data Science Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Yohei Minakuchi
- Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Advanced Genomics Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Asao Fujiyama
- Advanced Genomics Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Sumio Sugano
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Misako Yoneda
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Chieko Kai
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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Imperato V, Kowalkowski L, Portillo-Estrada M, Gawronski SW, Vangronsveld J, Thijs S. Characterisation of the Carpinus betulus L. Phyllomicrobiome in Urban and Forest Areas. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1110. [PMID: 31191469 PMCID: PMC6549492 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Urban green areas are highly valued by citizens for their contribution to the quality of life in cities. Plants play an important role in mitigating airborne pollutants and are assisted in this role by the metabolic capacities of the millions of microbial cells that colonize leaf surfaces (phyllosphere). Many factors influence phyllosphere microbial community composition and function, but to what extent does airborne pollution in cities impact the composition of microbial communities and their functional degradation genes? Here we describe the characterization of the phyllospheric bacterial communities of Carpinus betulus L. trees (hornbeam) across three locations: the city center of Warsaw (Poland), a forest in a UNESCO World Heritage Site (Białowieża), and a forest in one of the world’s oldest operational oil fields (Bóbrka). C. betulus contained higher particulate matter (PM) concentrations, with higher concentrations of palladium and radon in the PM, on leaves in Warsaw than in the forests. Volatile organic compound (VOC) analyses of sampled air revealed higher concentrations of butanone methyl propanal, butylbenzene, and cyclohexane in Bóbrka than Warsaw and Białowieża, while in Warsaw, xylene and toluene were higher. Shotgun microbiome sequencing uncovered a dominance of Gammaproteobacteria (71%), mainly Pseudomonas spp., Actinobacteria, Alpha- and Betaproteobacteria, and Firmicutes. Community composition and function differed significantly between the forests and Warsaw city center. Statistically more hydrocarbon degradation genes were found in Białowieża compared to Warsaw and Bóbrka, and in vitro tests of diesel degradation and plant growth promotion traits of culturable representatives revealed that Białowieża held the highest number of bacteria with plant beneficial properties and degradation genes. This study provides the first detailed insights into the microbiome of C. betulus and sets the stage for developing to a more integrated understanding of phyllosphere microbiota in cities, and their relationships with human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Imperato
- Department of Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Lukasz Kowalkowski
- Department of Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Stanislaw W Gawronski
- Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Department of Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Sofie Thijs
- Department of Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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11
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Metaepigenomic analysis reveals the unexplored diversity of DNA methylation in an environmental prokaryotic community. Nat Commun 2019; 10:159. [PMID: 30635580 PMCID: PMC6329791 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08103-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation plays important roles in prokaryotes, and their genomic landscapes—prokaryotic epigenomes—have recently begun to be disclosed. However, our knowledge of prokaryotic methylation systems is focused on those of culturable microbes, which are rare in nature. Here, we used single-molecule real-time and circular consensus sequencing techniques to reveal the ‘metaepigenomes’ of a microbial community in the largest lake in Japan, Lake Biwa. We reconstructed 19 draft genomes from diverse bacterial and archaeal groups, most of which are yet to be cultured. The analysis of DNA chemical modifications in those genomes revealed 22 methylated motifs, nine of which were novel. We identified methyltransferase genes likely responsible for methylation of the novel motifs, and confirmed the catalytic specificities of four of them via transformation experiments using synthetic genes. Our study highlights metaepigenomics as a powerful approach for identification of the vast unexplored variety of prokaryotic DNA methylation systems in nature. Our knowledge of DNA methylation systems in prokaryotes is mostly limited to those of culturable microbes. Here, Hiraoka et al. analyse DNA methylation patterns in metagenomic data from a microbial community, revealing new methylated motifs and experimentally validating the methyltransferases’ specificities.
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Mai H, Zhang Y, Li D, Leung HCM, Luo R, Wong CK, Ting HF, Lam TW. AC-DIAMOND v1: accelerating large-scale DNA-protein alignment. Bioinformatics 2018; 34:3744-3746. [PMID: 29771282 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary AC-DIAMOND (v1) is a DNA-protein alignment tool designed to tackle the efficiency challenge of aligning large amount of reads or contigs to protein databases. When compared with the previously most efficient method DIAMOND, AC-DIAMOND gains a 6- to 7-fold speed-up, while retaining a similar degree of sensitivity. The improvement is rooted at two aspects: first, using a compressed index of seeds with adaptive-length to speed-up the matching between query and reference sequences; second, adopting a compact form of dynamic programing to fully utilize the parallelism of the SIMD capability. Availability and implementation Software source codes and binaries available at https://github.com/Maihj/AC-DIAMOND/. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Mai
- Department of Computer Science, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Dinghua Li
- Department of Computer Science, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Henry Chi-Ming Leung
- Department of Computer Science, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,L3 Bioinformatics Limited, Hong Kong
| | - Ruibang Luo
- Department of Computer Science, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,L3 Bioinformatics Limited, Hong Kong
| | | | - Hing-Fung Ting
- Department of Computer Science, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tak-Wah Lam
- Department of Computer Science, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,L3 Bioinformatics Limited, Hong Kong
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Woehle C, Roy AS, Glock N, Wein T, Weissenbach J, Rosenstiel P, Hiebenthal C, Michels J, Schönfeld J, Dagan T. A Novel Eukaryotic Denitrification Pathway in Foraminifera. Curr Biol 2018; 28:2536-2543.e5. [PMID: 30078568 PMCID: PMC6783311 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Benthic foraminifera are unicellular eukaryotes inhabiting sediments of aquatic environments. Several species were shown to store and use nitrate for complete denitrification, a unique energy metabolism among eukaryotes. The population of benthic foraminifera reaches high densities in oxygen-depleted marine habitats, where they play a key role in the marine nitrogen cycle. However, the mechanisms of denitrification in foraminifera are still unknown, and the possibility of a contribution of associated bacteria is debated. Here, we present evidence for a novel eukaryotic denitrification pathway that is encoded in foraminiferal genomes. Large-scale genome and transcriptomes analyses reveal the presence of a denitrification pathway in foraminifera species of the genus Globobulimina. This includes the enzymes nitrite reductase (NirK) and nitric oxide reductase (Nor) as well as a wide range of nitrate transporters (Nrt). A phylogenetic reconstruction of the enzymes' evolutionary history uncovers evidence for an ancient acquisition of the foraminiferal denitrification pathway from prokaryotes. We propose a model for denitrification in foraminifera, where a common electron transport chain is used for anaerobic and aerobic respiration. The evolution of hybrid respiration in foraminifera likely contributed to their ecological success, which is well documented in palaeontological records since the Cambrian period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Woehle
- Institute of Microbiology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 11, Kiel 24118, Germany.
| | - Alexandra-Sophie Roy
- Institute of Microbiology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 11, Kiel 24118, Germany.
| | - Nicolaas Glock
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstrasse, Kiel 24148, Germany
| | - Tanita Wein
- Institute of Microbiology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 11, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Julia Weissenbach
- Institute of Microbiology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 11, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 11, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Claas Hiebenthal
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstrasse, Kiel 24148, Germany
| | - Jan Michels
- Institute of Zoology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Joachim Schönfeld
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstrasse, Kiel 24148, Germany
| | - Tal Dagan
- Institute of Microbiology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 11, Kiel 24118, Germany
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Kobayashi Y, Maeda T, Yamaguchi K, Kameoka H, Tanaka S, Ezawa T, Shigenobu S, Kawaguchi M. The genome of Rhizophagus clarus HR1 reveals a common genetic basis for auxotrophy among arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:465. [PMID: 29914365 PMCID: PMC6007072 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4853-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycorrhizal symbiosis is one of the most fundamental types of mutualistic plant-microbe interaction. Among the many classes of mycorrhizae, the arbuscular mycorrhizae have the most general symbiotic style and the longest history. However, the genomes of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are not well characterized due to difficulties in cultivation and genetic analysis. In this study, we sequenced the genome of the AM fungus Rhizophagus clarus HR1, compared the sequence with the genome sequence of the model species R. irregularis, and checked for missing genes that encode enzymes in metabolic pathways related to their obligate biotrophy. RESULTS In the genome of R. clarus, we confirmed the absence of cytosolic fatty acid synthase (FAS), whereas all mitochondrial FAS components were present. A KEGG pathway map identified the absence of genes encoding enzymes for several other metabolic pathways in the two AM fungi, including thiamine biosynthesis and the conversion of vitamin B6 derivatives. We also found that a large proportion of the genes encoding glucose-producing polysaccharide hydrolases, that are present even in ectomycorrhizal fungi, also appear to be absent in AM fungi. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found several new genes that are absent from the genomes of AM fungi in addition to the genes previously identified as missing. Missing genes for enzymes in primary metabolic pathways imply that AM fungi may have a higher dependency on host plants than other biotrophic fungi. These missing metabolic pathways provide a genetic basis to explore the physiological characteristics and auxotrophy of AM fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Kobayashi
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Taro Maeda
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Katsushi Yamaguchi
- Functional Genomics Facility, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Hiromu Kameoka
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tanaka
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Ezawa
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shuji Shigenobu
- Functional Genomics Facility, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kawaguchi
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Japan
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15
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Genome Sequence of the Freshwater Yangtze Finless Porpoise. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9040213. [PMID: 29659530 PMCID: PMC5924555 DOI: 10.3390/genes9040213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis ssp. asiaeorientalis) is a subspecies of the narrow-ridged finless porpoise (N. asiaeorientalis). In total, 714.28 gigabases (Gb) of raw reads were generated by whole-genome sequencing of the Yangtze finless porpoise, using an Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. After filtering the low-quality and duplicated reads, we assembled a draft genome of 2.22 Gb, with contig N50 and scaffold N50 values of 46.69 kilobases (kb) and 1.71 megabases (Mb), respectively. We identified 887.63 Mb of repetitive sequences and predicted 18,479 protein-coding genes in the assembled genome. The phylogenetic tree showed a relationship between the Yangtze finless porpoise and the Yangtze River dolphin, which diverged approximately 20.84 million years ago. In comparisons with the genomes of 10 other mammals, we detected 44 species-specific gene families, 164 expanded gene families, and 313 positively selected genes in the Yangtze finless porpoise genome. The assembled genome sequence and underlying sequence data are available at the National Center for Biotechnology Information under BioProject accession number PRJNA433603.
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Ge H, Sun L, Yu J. Fast batch searching for protein homology based on compression and clustering. BMC Bioinformatics 2017; 18:508. [PMID: 29162030 PMCID: PMC5697088 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-017-1938-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In bioinformatics community, many tasks associate with matching a set of protein query sequences in large sequence datasets. To conduct multiple queries in the database, a common used method is to run BLAST on each original querey or on the concatenated queries. It is inefficient since it doesn't exploit the common subsequences shared by queries. RESULTS We propose a compression and cluster based BLASTP (C2-BLASTP) algorithm to further exploit the joint information among the query sequences and the database. Firstly, the queries and database are compressed in turn by procedures of redundancy analysis, redundancy removal and distinction record. Secondly, the database is clustered according to Hamming distance among the subsequences. To improve the sensitivity and selectivity of sequence alignments, ten groups of reduced amino acid alphabets are used. Following this, the hits finding operator is implemented on the clustered database. Furthermore, an execution database is constructed based on the found potential hits, with the objective of mitigating the effect of increasing scale of the sequence database. Finally, the homology search is performed in the execution database. Experiments on NCBI NR database demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed C2-BLASTP for batch searching of homology in sequence database. The results are evaluated in terms of homology accuracy, search speed and memory usage. CONCLUSIONS It can be seen that the C2-BLASTP achieves competitive results as compared with some state-of-the-art methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Ge
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No.2, Linggong Road, Dalian, China
| | - Liang Sun
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No.2, Linggong Road, Dalian, China
| | - Jinghong Yu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No.2, Linggong Road, Dalian, China
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Moriya-Ito K, Hayakawa T, Suzuki H, Hagino-Yamagishi K, Nikaido M. Evolution of vomeronasal receptor 1 (V1R) genes in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Gene 2017; 642:343-353. [PMID: 29155331 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pheromones are crucial for eliciting innate responses and inducing social and sexual behaviors in mammals. The vomeronasal receptor 1 genes, V1Rs, encode members of a pheromone receptor family that are mainly expressed in the vomeronasal organ (VNO). The V1R family shows extraordinary variety in gene number among vertebrates owing to successive gene gains and losses during evolution. Such diversity is believed to reflect a degree of dependence on the VNO. We investigated V1R evolution in primate lineages closely related to humans because these VNOs show a trend toward degeneration. We performed extensive phylogenetic analyses for V1Rs from a broad range of primate species. Although the decline of intact genes was evident in anthropoids (hominoids, Old World monkeys and New World monkeys), we found that a certain number of intact genes persist in New World monkeys. In one New World monkey species, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), we examined seven putatively functional V1Rs using in situ hybridization and reverse transcription-PCR. Based on their mRNA expression patterns in the VNO and other organs, two types of V1Rs emerged: the canonical class with VNO-specific expression, and a second group having more ubiquitous expression in various organs as well as VNO. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis revealed that the class with the more widespread expression had been retained longer in evolution than the VNO-specific type. We propose that the acquisition of a novel non-VNO-related function(s) may have led to the survival of a small but persistent number of V1Rs in anthropoid primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Moriya-Ito
- Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
| | - Takashi Hayakawa
- Department of Wildlife Science (Nagoya Railroad Co., Ltd.), Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan; Japan Monkey Centre, Inuyama, Aichi 484-0081, Japan
| | - Hikoyu Suzuki
- Nihon BioData Corporation, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-0012, Japan.; School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Kimiko Hagino-Yamagishi
- Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Masato Nikaido
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
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18
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Vizueta J, Frías-López C, Macías-Hernández N, Arnedo MA, Sánchez-Gracia A, Rozas J. Evolution of Chemosensory Gene Families in Arthropods: Insight from the First Inclusive Comparative Transcriptome Analysis across Spider Appendages. Genome Biol Evol 2017; 9:178-196. [PMID: 28028122 PMCID: PMC5381604 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike hexapods and vertebrates, in chelicerates, knowledge of the specific molecules involved in chemoreception comes exclusively from the comparative analysis of genome sequences. Indeed, the genomes of mites, ticks and spiders contain several genes encoding homologs of some insect membrane receptors and small soluble chemosensory proteins. Here, we conducted for the first time a comprehensive comparative RNA-Seq analysis across different body structures of a chelicerate: the nocturnal wandering hunter spider Dysdera silvatica Schmidt 1981. Specifically, we obtained the complete transcriptome of this species as well as the specific expression profile in the first pair of legs and the palps, which are thought to be the specific olfactory appendages in spiders, and in the remaining legs, which also have hairs that have been morphologically identified as chemosensory. We identified several ionotropic (Ir) and gustatory (Gr) receptor family members exclusively or differentially expressed across transcriptomes, some exhibiting a distinctive pattern in the putative olfactory appendages. Furthermore, these IRs were the only known olfactory receptors identified in such structures. These results, integrated with an extensive phylogenetic analysis across arthropods, uncover a specialization of the chemosensory gene repertoire across the body of D. silvatica and suggest that some IRs likely mediate olfactory signaling in chelicerates. Noticeably, we detected the expression of a gene family distantly related to insect odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), suggesting that this gene family is more ancient than previously believed, as well as the expression of an uncharacterized gene family encoding small globular secreted proteins, which appears to be a good chemosensory gene family candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Vizueta
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Frías-López
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Macías-Hernández
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel A Arnedo
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Sánchez-Gracia
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Rozas
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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Survey of (Meta)genomic Approaches for Understanding Microbial Community Dynamics. Indian J Microbiol 2016; 57:23-38. [PMID: 28148977 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-016-0629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancement in the next generation sequencing technologies has led to evolution of the field of genomics and metagenomics in a slim duration with nominal cost at precipitous higher rate. While metagenomics and genomics can be separately used to reveal the culture-independent and culture-based microbial evolution, respectively, (meta)genomics together can be used to demonstrate results at population level revealing in-depth complex community interactions for specific ecotypes. The field of metagenomics which started with answering "who is out there?" based on 16S rRNA gene has evolved immensely with the precise organismal reconstruction at species/strain level from the deeply covered metagenome data outweighing the need to isolate bacteria of which 99% are de facto non-cultivable. In this review we have underlined the appeal of metagenomic-derived genomes in providing insights into the evolutionary patterns, growth dynamics, genome/gene-specific sweeps, and durability of environmental pressures. We have demonstrated the use of culture-based genomics and environmental shotgun metagenome data together to elucidate environment specific genome modulations via metagenomic recruitments in terms of gene loss/gain, accessory and core-genome extent. We further illustrated the benefit of (meta)genomics in the understanding of infectious diseases by deducing the relationship between human microbiota and clinical microbiology. This review summarizes the technological advances in the (meta)genomic strategies using the genome and metagenome datasets together to increase the resolution of microbial population studies.
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20
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Mehmood R, Zhang G, Bie R, Dawood H, Ahmad H. Clustering by fast search and find of density peaks via heat diffusion. Neurocomputing 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2016.01.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Suzuki S, Kakuta M, Ishida T, Akiyama Y. GPU-Acceleration of Sequence Homology Searches with Database Subsequence Clustering. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157338. [PMID: 27482905 PMCID: PMC4970815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequence homology searches are used in various fields and require large amounts of computation time, especially for metagenomic analysis, owing to the large number of queries and the database size. To accelerate computing analyses, graphics processing units (GPUs) are widely used as a low-cost, high-performance computing platform. Therefore, we mapped the time-consuming steps involved in GHOSTZ, which is a state-of-the-art homology search algorithm for protein sequences, onto a GPU and implemented it as GHOSTZ-GPU. In addition, we optimized memory access for GPU calculations and for communication between the CPU and GPU. As per results of the evaluation test involving metagenomic data, GHOSTZ-GPU with 12 CPU threads and 1 GPU was approximately 3.0- to 4.1-fold faster than GHOSTZ with 12 CPU threads. Moreover, GHOSTZ-GPU with 12 CPU threads and 3 GPUs was approximately 5.8- to 7.7-fold faster than GHOSTZ with 12 CPU threads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Suzuki
- Graduate School of Information Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Education Academy of Computational Life Sciences (ACLS), Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Kakuta
- Graduate School of Information Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishida
- Graduate School of Information Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Education Academy of Computational Life Sciences (ACLS), Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Akiyama
- Graduate School of Information Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Education Academy of Computational Life Sciences (ACLS), Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Sheetlin S, Park Y, Frith MC, Spouge JL. ALP & FALP: C++ libraries for pairwise local alignment E-values. Bioinformatics 2015; 32:304-5. [PMID: 26428291 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btv575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Pairwise local alignment is an indispensable tool for molecular biologists. In real time (i.e. in about 1 s), ALP (Ascending Ladder Program) calculates the E-values for protein-protein or DNA-DNA local alignments of random sequences, for arbitrary substitution score matrix, gap costs and letter abundances; and FALP (Frameshift Ascending Ladder Program) performs a similar task, although more slowly, for frameshifting DNA-protein alignments. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION To permit other C++ programmers to implement the computational efficiencies in ALP and FALP directly within their own programs, C++ source codes are available in the public domain at http://go.usa.gov/3GTSW under 'ALP' and 'FALP', along with the standalone programs ALP and FALP. CONTACT spouge@nih.gov SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Sheetlin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, MD 20894, USA and
| | - Yonil Park
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, MD 20894, USA and
| | - Martin C Frith
- Computational Biology Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - John L Spouge
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, MD 20894, USA and
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