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Godoy RS, Weber V, Lanés LEK, Reichard M, Gemelli T, Hohendorff RV, Maltchik L. Recognizing the enemy: do predator cues influence hatching in Neotropical annual killifish? JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 99:1476-1484. [PMID: 34287870 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Annual fish species have evolved complex adaptations to survive in temporary wetlands. The main adaptation of these fish is the ability to produce embryos that survive dry periods. Embryo development of this fish can show variation at multiple levels influenced by many environmental factors, such as photoperiod and temperature. Predator cues are another factor that can influence the embryonic stage. One way in which annual fish could adapt to predators is by using risk-spreading strategies (through bet-hedging). Nonetheless, this strategy depends on the coevolutionary history between predators and preys and on the degree of environmental unpredictability, resulting in different responses across different species. This study investigated the influence of predator cues on the embryonic development and hatching of two Austrolebias species that inhabit ponds that present differences in hydroperiod and the risk of predator presence. The results confirmed a differentiated response between the two annual fish species tested, corroborating the modulation of hatching against the risk of predation by native predatory fish. The authors further showed that development times varied between the two annual fish species, regardless of the presence of predators. They highlight that the variation in embryonic development is strongly affected by different levels of hydroperiod unpredictability faced by the two species. To unravel finer-scale local adaptations in the annual fish embryo development, future studies should focus on a region with greater spatial gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson S Godoy
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation of Aquatic Ecosystems, UNISINOS University, São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Weber
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation of Aquatic Ecosystems, UNISINOS University, São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - Luis Esteban Krause Lanés
- Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Martin Reichard
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tanise Gemelli
- Nutrition and Food, UNISINOS University, São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Maltchik
- Postgraduate Program in Biology of Continental Aquatic Environments, Federal University of Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
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de Castro BD, Wingen NMDA, Dos Santos SHD, Godoy RS, Maltchik L, Lanés LEK, Oliveira GT. Biomarkers of oxidative stress in the post-embryonic characterization of the neotropical annual killifish. Biogerontology 2021; 22:507-530. [PMID: 34302586 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-021-09931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Annual killifish are among the most remarkable extremophile species with the shortest vertebrate life span. Few studies have reported on the oxidative balance throughout their life cycle and its association to the natural aging process of these neotropical animals in a natural environment. We standardized and analyzed physiological markers related to the redox balance of the annual killifish (Cynopoecilus fulgens) throughout the post-embryonic life cycle (enzyme activity of Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase, and Glutathione S-transferase, as well as the determination of the levels of Lipoperoxidation, Carbonylated Proteins, and Total Proteins). We tested the influence of environmental variables on these biomarkers. Individuals were collected, including juveniles, adults, and seniles, in three sampling units around the Parque Nacional da Lagoa do Peixe, located in the Coastal Plain of Rio Grande do Sul. We observed that males and females used different physiological strategies of their redox balance during their life cycle, and their oxidative balance was influenced by their reproductive period and environmental variables (water temperature, abundance of predators, abundance of another sympatric annual killifish species, and abundance of C. fulgens). The population of each temporary pond presented different physiological responses to the adaptation of their life cycle, and there was an influence of environmental component as a modulator of this cycle. Our study offers reference values that will be useful for comparison in future research with short-lived organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Dutra de Castro
- Conservation Physiology Laboratory, School of Health and Life Sciences, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Robson Souza Godoy
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation of Aquatic Ecosystems, Health Sciences Center, UNISINOS, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Maltchik
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation of Aquatic Ecosystems, Health Sciences Center, UNISINOS, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis Esteban Krause Lanés
- Conservation Physiology Laboratory, School of Health and Life Sciences, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guendalina Turcato Oliveira
- Conservation Physiology Laboratory, School of Health and Life Sciences, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Morphophysiological Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Ipiranga Avenue, 6681 Pd. 12, Block C, class 270, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil.
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Guedes GHS, Salgado FLK, Uehara W, de Pavia Ferreira DL, Araújo FG. The recapture of Leptopanchax opalescens (Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae), a critically endangered seasonal killifish: habitat and aspects of population structure. ZOOLOGIA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/zoologia.37.e54982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Leptopanchax opalescens (Myers, 1942) is a small seasonal killifish endemic to coastal drainages in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Leptopanchax opalescens was recaptured in temporary open vegetation pools (22°42.35’S, 43°41.59’W) in the hydrographic basin of the Guandu River, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, after eight years without records. Information on habitat and population parameters (Capture per unit area (CPUA), size, sex ratio and length-weight relationship (LWR)) are given to provide subsidies for the conservation of this species. Specimens were captured during the rainy season (January-April 2020) in shallow pools (mean depth = 21 ± 12 s.d. cm), with relatively acidic pH (5.2 ± 0.8) and low concentrations of dissolved oxygen (3.5 ± 1 mg/L). The estimated CPUA of the population was 0.89 fish/m2. The total length (TL) of males ranged from 21.1 to 28.8 cm, and females ranged from 17.0 to 31.2 mm. Males were significantly larger (t-test = 2.04, p < 0.05) than females, which were in greater proportion (2.83Female: 1Male, p < 0.001). A positive allometric coefficient (b = 3.19) was found through length-weight relationship curve, indicating that individuals of the species gain proportionally more increment in weight than in length. Leptopanchax opalescens is a critically endangered species, and the results of this study contribute to the knowledge of the distribution, population structure and conservation of the species and its natural habitats.
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Oxidative stress resistance in a short-lived Neotropical annual killifish. Biogerontology 2019; 21:217-229. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09855-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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ŽáK J, Vrtílek M, Reichard M. Diel schedules of locomotor, reproductive and feeding activity in wild populations of African annual killifish. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Diel patterns of different activities arise from adaptations to periodic cycling of environmental parameters and may involve trade-offs between acquiring benefits and minimizing associated costs. In this study, we provide fundamental baseline data on diel activity of natural populations of Nothobranchius fishes, model organisms in laboratory studies, including links between diurnal rhythms and ageing. Initially, we quantified the diel change in activity in wild populations of three African killifish species (Nothobranchius furzeri, Nothobranchius orthonotus and Nothobranchius pienaari) and compared average activity between sexes. In all species, males were more active than females, probably as a result of their active pursuit of females. Swimming activity peaked at midday. In N. furzeri, the only species occurring at all sites, oocytes were ovulated in the early morning, and most spawning events had occurred by the early afternoon. Gut fullness and diet richness increased before spawning activity and peaked in the morning. Daytime diet was dominated by chironomid larvae, whereas notonectid bugs were the dominant prey at night, perhaps as a result of different prey detectability over the diel cycle. Finally, no loyalty to any particular pool section was detected in N. furzeri. Collectively, these data provide the first empirical description of diel activity in three wild populations of African killifish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub ŽáK
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Vrtílek
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Reichard
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Brno, Czech Republic
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Age-associated liver alterations in wild populations of Austrolebias minuano, a short-lived Neotropical annual killifish. Biogerontology 2019; 20:687-698. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09822-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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