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Dufresnes C, Monod-Broca B, Bellati A, Canestrelli D, Ambu J, Wielstra B, Dubey S, Crochet PA, Denoël M, Jablonski D. Piecing the barcoding puzzle of Palearctic water frogs (Pelophylax) sheds light on amphibian biogeography and global invasions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17180. [PMID: 38465701 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Palearctic water frogs (genus Pelophylax) are an outstanding model in ecology and evolution, being widespread, speciose, either threatened or threatening to other species through biological invasions, and capable of siring hybrid offspring that escape the rules of sexual reproduction. Despite half a century of genetic research and hundreds of publications, the diversity, systematics and biogeography of Pelophylax still remain highly confusing, in no small part due to a lack of correspondence between studies. To provide a comprehensive overview, we gathered >13,000 sequences of barcoding genes from >1700 native and introduced localities and built multigene mitochondrial (~17 kb) and nuclear (~10 kb) phylogenies. We mapped all currently recognized taxa and their phylogeographic lineages (>40) to get a grasp on taxonomic issues, cyto-nuclear discordances, the genetic makeup of hybridogenetic hybrids, and the origins of introduced populations. Competing hypotheses for the molecular calibration were evaluated through plausibility tests, implementing a new approach relying on predictions from the anuran speciation continuum. Based on our timetree, we propose a new biogeographic paradigm for the Palearctic since the Paleogene, notably by attributing a prominent role to the dynamics of the Paratethys, a vast paleo-sea that extended over most of Europe. Furthermore, our results show that distinct marsh frog lineages from Eastern Europe, the Balkans, the Near East, and Central Asia (P. ridibundus ssp.) are naturally capable of inducing hybridogenesis with pool frogs (P. lessonae). We identified 14 alien lineages (mostly of P. ridibundus) over ~20 areas of invasions, especially in Western Europe, with genetic signatures disproportionally pointing to the Balkans and Anatolia as the regions of origins, in line with exporting records of the frog leg industry and the stocks of pet sellers. Pelophylax thus emerges as one of the most invasive amphibians worldwide, and deserves much higher conservation concern than currently given by the authorities fighting biological invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Dufresnes
- Laboratory of Amphibian Systematics and Evolutionary Research (LASER), College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Monod-Broca
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Adriana Bellati
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Daniele Canestrelli
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Johanna Ambu
- Laboratory of Amphibian Systematics and Evolutionary Research (LASER), College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ben Wielstra
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvain Dubey
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Mathieu Denoël
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation of Amphibians (LECA), FOCUS, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Daniel Jablonski
- Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
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2
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Souza LHB, Pierson TW, Tenório RO, Ferro JM, Gatto KP, Silva BC, de Andrade GV, Suárez P, Haddad CFB, Lourenço LB. Multiple contact zones and karyotypic evolution in a neotropical frog species complex. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1119. [PMID: 38212602 PMCID: PMC10784582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51421-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies of DNA sequence and karyotypic data have revealed high genetic diversity in the Physalaemus cuvieri - Physalaemus ephippifer species complex-a group of small leptodactylid frogs in South America. To date, seven major genetic lineages have been recognized in this group, with species delimitation tests supporting four to seven of them as valid species. Among these, only P. ephippifer shows heteromorphic sex chromosomes, but the implications of cytogenetic divergence for the evolution of this group are unknown. We analyzed karyotypic, mitochondrial DNA, and 3RAD genomic data to characterize a putative contact zone between P. ephippifer and P. cuvieri Lineage 1, finding evidence for admixture and karyotypic evolution. We also describe preliminary evidence for admixture between two other members of this species complex-Lineage 1 and Lineage 3 of P. cuvieri. Our study sheds new light on evolutionary relationships in the P. cuvieri - P. ephippifer species complex, suggesting an important role of karyotypic divergence in its evolutionary history and underscoring the importance of hybridization as a mechanism of sex chromosome evolution in amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas H B Souza
- Laboratório de Estudos Cromossômicos (LabEsC), Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-863, Brazil.
| | - Todd W Pierson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Renata O Tenório
- Laboratório de Estudos Cromossômicos (LabEsC), Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-863, Brazil
| | - Juan M Ferro
- Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva "Dr. Claudio J. Bidau", Instituto de Biología Subtropical (CONICET-UNaM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Kaleb P Gatto
- Laboratório de Estudos Cromossômicos (LabEsC), Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-863, Brazil
| | - Bruno C Silva
- Laboratório de Estudos Cromossômicos (LabEsC), Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-863, Brazil
| | - Gilda V de Andrade
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Campus do Bacanga, São Luís, MA, 65080-040, Brazil
| | - Pablo Suárez
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical (CONICET-UNaM), Puerto Iguazú, Argentina
| | - Célio F B Haddad
- Departamento de Biodiversidade and Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana B Lourenço
- Laboratório de Estudos Cromossômicos (LabEsC), Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-863, Brazil
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Iwaoka Y, Watanabe T, Satoh SS, Nambu H, Yamazaki Y. Hybridization of Two Species of Japanese Toads, Bufo torrenticola and Bufo japonicus formosus, in the Central Part of Japan. Zoolog Sci 2021; 38:506-512. [PMID: 34854282 DOI: 10.2108/zs210023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Interspecific hybridization between two species of Japanese toads, Bufo torrenticola (Bt) and Bufo japonicus formosus (Bjf), was not thought to have occurred due to the differences in their spawning habitats, although their hybridization was reported by previous research in a limited area. Such hybridization could have pivotal effects, such as genetic admixture, on Bt, which has a limited distribution and habitat. In this study, to clarify the details of hybridization, a total of 192 individuals were collected from multiple parapatric regions and an only Bjf allopatric region and analyzed based on morphology, mtDNA sequences, and nuclear DNA microsatellite loci. Each individual was identified based on morphological type and mtDNA lineage, and two mismatched combinations, Bt or an intermediate morphological type and the Bjf mtDNA lineage, were detected. In particular, the combination of Bt type and Bjf lineage was dominant in parapatric regions, and it was considered that asymmetric hybridization in which Bjf became a matriline had occurred. In addition, a Bayesian clustering method based on the microsatellite loci was conducted to detect a genetic admixture of the two toad species. Individuals representing a combination of the Bt type and Bjf lineage in the parapatric regions were largely assigned to the Bt cluster or equally to both clusters. These results indicate that backcross with Bt has been repeated, and therefore the traits of Bt might be maintained in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Iwaoka
- University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan,
| | | | - Shin S Satoh
- University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.,FASMAC Co. Ltd., 3088 Okada, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0021, Japan
| | | | - Yuji Yamazaki
- University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
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Mass of genes rather than master genes underlie the genomic architecture of amphibian speciation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2103963118. [PMID: 34465621 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2103963118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic architecture of speciation, i.e., how intrinsic genomic incompatibilities promote reproductive isolation (RI) between diverging lineages, is one of the best-kept secrets of evolution. To directly assess whether incompatibilities arise in a limited set of large-effect speciation genes, or in a multitude of loci, we examined the geographic and genomic landscapes of introgression across the hybrid zones of 41 pairs of frog and toad lineages in the Western Palearctic region. As the divergence between lineages increases, phylogeographic transitions progressively become narrower, and larger parts of the genome resist introgression. This suggests that anuran speciation proceeds through a gradual accumulation of multiple barrier loci scattered across the genome, which ultimately deplete hybrid fitness by intrinsic postzygotic isolation, with behavioral isolation being achieved only at later stages. Moreover, these loci were disproportionately sex linked in one group (Hyla) but not in others (Rana and Bufotes), implying that large X-effects are not necessarily a rule of speciation with undifferentiated sex chromosomes. The highly polygenic nature of RI and the lack of hemizygous X/Z chromosomes could explain why the speciation clock ticks slower in amphibians compared to other vertebrates. The clock-like dynamics of speciation combined with the analytical focus on hybrid zones offer perspectives for more standardized practices of species delimitation.
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Chan KO, Hutter CR, Wood PL, Grismer LL, Das I, Brown RM. Gene flow creates a mirage of cryptic species in a Southeast Asian spotted stream frog complex. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:3970-3987. [PMID: 32808335 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Most new cryptic species are described using conventional tree- and distance-based species delimitation methods (SDMs), which rely on phylogenetic arrangements and measures of genetic divergence. However, although numerous factors such as population structure and gene flow are known to confound phylogenetic inference and species delimitation, the influence of these processes is not frequently evaluated. Using large numbers of exons, introns, and ultraconserved elements obtained using the FrogCap sequence-capture protocol, we compared conventional SDMs with more robust genomic analyses that assess population structure and gene flow to characterize species boundaries in a Southeast Asian frog complex (Pulchrana picturata). Our results showed that gene flow and introgression can produce phylogenetic patterns and levels of divergence that resemble distinct species (up to 10% divergence in mitochondrial DNA). Hybrid populations were inferred as independent (singleton) clades that were highly divergent from adjacent populations (7%-10%) and unusually similar (<3%) to allopatric populations. Such anomalous patterns are not uncommon in Southeast Asian amphibians, which brings into question whether the high levels of cryptic diversity observed in other amphibian groups reflect distinct cryptic species-or, instead, highly admixed and structured metapopulation lineages. Our results also provide an alternative explanation to the conundrum of divergent (sometimes nonsister) sympatric lineages-a pattern that has been celebrated as indicative of true cryptic speciation. Based on these findings, we recommend that species delimitation of continuously distributed "cryptic" groups should not rely solely on conventional SDMs, but should necessarily examine population structure and gene flow to avoid taxonomic inflation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin O Chan
- Lee Kong Chian National History Museum, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carl R Hutter
- Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.,Museum of Natural Sciences and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Perry L Wood
- Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences & Museum of Natural History, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - L L Grismer
- Herpetology Laboratory, Department of Biology, La Sierra University, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Indraneil Das
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Rafe M Brown
- Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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Dufresnes C, Alard B. An odyssey out of Africa: an integrative review of past and present invasions by the Mediterranean tree frog (Hyla meridionalis). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
An illustration of the human footprint on biodiversity are the faunal movements that have accompanied commercial and cultural exchanges between civilizations throughout history. In this article, we provide an integrative review of biogeographical and archaeological knowledge to understand these processes for the Mediterranean tree frog (Hyla meridionalis), an African species that has reached several regions of south-western Europe and associated islands. By re-analysing molecular (multilocus mitochondrial and genome-wide markers) and bioclimatic (ecological niche modelling) data, we give a comprehensive picture of the genetic diversity, structure and environmental suitability of H. meridionalis across its natural and exotic ranges, which in turn offer specific clues to the putative routes of colonization and associated events. Long-term monitoring efforts suggest northwards shifts of local range margins, potentially due to global warming, and we further demonstrate that this species is the most frequent amphibian to travel via the food supply chain in Western Europe. High dispersal ability, ecological tolerance and proximity to human settlements have made H. meridionalis a recurrent witness to the complexity and diversity of the civilizations that ruled the Western Mediterranean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Dufresnes
- LASER, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bérénice Alard
- CIBIO – Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
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7
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Freitas MDO, Toledo LF. Treefrogs with distinct advertisement calls produce similar territorial signals. BIOACOUSTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2020.1791733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariane de Oliveira Freitas
- Laboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros (LaHNAB), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luís Felipe Toledo
- Laboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros (LaHNAB), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, Brazil
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8
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Twomey E, Kain M, Claeys M, Summers K, Castroviejo-Fisher S, Van Bocxlaer I. Mechanisms for Color Convergence in a Mimetic Radiation of Poison Frogs. Am Nat 2020; 195:E132-E149. [PMID: 32364784 DOI: 10.1086/708157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In animals, bright colors often evolve to mimic other species when a resemblance is selectively favored. Understanding the proximate mechanisms underlying such color mimicry can give insights into how mimicry evolves-for example, whether color convergence evolves from a shared set of mechanisms or through the evolution of novel color production mechanisms. We studied color production mechanisms in poison frogs (Dendrobatidae), focusing on the mimicry complex of Ranitomeya imitator. Using reflectance spectrometry, skin pigment analysis, electron microscopy, and color modeling, we found that the bright colors of these frogs, both within and outside the mimicry complex, are largely structural and produced by iridophores but that color production depends crucially on interactions with pigments. Color variation and mimicry are regulated predominantly by iridophore platelet thickness and, to a lesser extent, concentration of the red pteridine pigment drosopterin. Compared with each of the four morphs of model species that it resembles, R. imitator displays greater variation in both structural and pigmentary mechanisms, which may have facilitated phenotypic divergence in this species. Analyses of nonmimetic dendrobatids in other genera demonstrate that these mechanisms are widespread within the family and that poison frogs share a complex physiological "color palette" that can produce diverse and highly reflective colors.
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The effect of phylogeographic history on species boundaries: a comparative framework in Hyla tree frogs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5502. [PMID: 32218506 PMCID: PMC7099067 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Because it is indicative of reproductive isolation, the amount of genetic introgression across secondary contact zones is increasingly considered in species delimitation. However, patterns of admixture at range margins can be skewed by the regional dynamics of hybrid zones. In this context, we posit an important role for phylogeographic history: hybrid zones located within glacial refugia (putatively formed during the Late-Pleistocene) should be better defined than those located in post-glacial or introduced ranges (putatively formed during the Holocene and the Anthropocene). We test this hypothesis in a speciation continuum of tree frogs from the Western Palearctic (Hyla), featuring ten identified contacts between species spanning Plio-Pleistocene to Miocene divergences. We review the rich phylogeographic literature of this group and examine the overlooked transition between H. arborea and H. molleri in Western France using a multilocus dataset. Our comparative analysis supports a trend that contacts zones resulting from post-glacial expansions and human translocations feature more extensive introgression than those established within refugial areas. Integrating the biogeographic history of incipient species, i.e. their age since first contact together with their genetic divergence, thus appears timely to draw sound evolutionary and taxonomic inferences from patterns of introgression across hybrid zones.
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Abstract
Introgressive hybridization can affect the evolution of populations in several important ways. It may retard or reverse divergence of species, enable the development of novel traits, enhance the potential for future evolution by elevating levels of standing variation, create new species, and alleviate inbreeding depression in small populations. Most of what is known of contemporary hybridization in nature comes from the study of pairs of species, either coexisting in the same habitat or distributed parapatrically and separated by a hybrid zone. More rarely, three species form an interbreeding complex (triad), reported in vertebrates, insects, and plants. Often, one species acts as a genetic link or conduit for the passage of genes (alleles) between two others that rarely, if ever, hybridize. Demographic and genetic consequences are unknown. Here we report results of a long-term study of interbreeding Darwin's finches on Daphne Major island, Galápagos. Geospiza fortis acted as a conduit for the passage of genes between two others that have never been observed to interbreed on Daphne: Geospiza fuliginosa, a rare immigrant, and Geospiza scandens, a resident. Microsatellite gene flow from G. fortis into G. scandens increased in frequency during 30 y of favorable ecological conditions, resulting in genetic and morphological convergence. G. fortis, G. scandens, and the derived dihybrids and trihybrids experienced approximately equal fitness. Especially relevant to young adaptive radiations, where species differ principally in ecology and behavior, these findings illustrate how new combinations of genes created by hybridization among three species can enhance the potential for evolutionary change.
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Correa C, Morales J, Schussler C, Ortiz JC. An enigmatic population of Alsodes (Anura, Alsodidae) from the Andes of central Chile with three species-level mitochondrial lineages. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2020; 31:25-34. [PMID: 31905031 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2019.1704744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The genus Alsodes is the most diverse amphibian taxon of southern Andes, where a series of endemic species occur from north to south (∼33° to 48°30'S), mainly on the western slopes (Chile), with little overlap of geographic ranges. In this study, we describe a new population of Alsodes from the western slopes of the Andes (Fundo El Rosario, 36°52'S), located in a section of this mountain range where it is not clear which congeneric species inhabit. Phylogenetic analyses show that this population presents a mix of mitochondrial DNA related to three nominal species, A. hugoi, A. igneus and A. pehuenche, although the last is mainly present. However, the population presents external characteristics attributable to A. hugoi and A. igneus, differing notably from A. pehuenche. The population inhabits a stream surrounded by temperate deciduous forests at 1130 m elevation, an environment similar to that of A. hugoi and A. igneus, but very different from that of A. pehuenche (high Andean steppe environments between 2000 and 2500 m). This finding represents an enigma from the evolutionary and biogeographical point of view, because it might involve hybridization and/or introgression phenomena between more than two species. As the taxonomic status of this population cannot be determined with the available genetic and morphological evidence, we speculate about its probable origin, taking into account the scarce knowledge of the geographic distributions of the species of Alsodes in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Correa
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jesús Morales
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Juan C Ortiz
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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12
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Dufresnes C, Beddek M, Skorinov DV, Fumagalli L, Perrin N, Crochet PA, Litvinchuk SN. Diversification and speciation in tree frogs from the Maghreb (Hyla meridionalis sensu lato), with description of a new African endemic. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 134:291-299. [PMID: 30776435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Comparative molecular studies emphasized a new biogeographic paradigm for the terrestrial fauna of North Africa, one of the last uncharted ecoregions of the Western Palearctic: two independent east-west divisions across the Maghreb. Through a comprehensive phylogeography, we assessed how this model suits the genetic diversification documented for the tree frog Hyla meridionalis sensu lato. Analyses of mtDNA variation and thousands of nuclear loci confirmed the old split (low-Pliocene) between Tunisian and Algerian populations. These lineages meet but barely admix in the eastern Maghreb (Algerian-Tunisian border), a sign of putatively advanced reproductive isolation. In the western Maghreb, we report a Pleistocene divergence between Moroccan and Algerian populations. Tree frogs thus follow both predictions: a double east-west break that gave rise to two suture zones characteristic of North-African phylogeography. Moreover, some intraspecific mtDNA variation is not mirrored by the nuclear data, emphasizing that evolutionary units should always be designated by multilocus approaches. Last but not least, we describe the Tunisian lineage as a new species endemic to Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Dufresnes
- Hintermann & Weber SA, Montreux, Switzerland; Laboratory for Conservation Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom.
| | - Menad Beddek
- CEFE, CNRS, University Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EPHE, Montpellier, France; Naturalia Environnement, Site Agroparc, Avignon, France
| | - Dmitriy V Skorinov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Luca Fumagalli
- Laboratory for Conservation Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Perrin
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Spartak N Litvinchuk
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia; Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia
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