1
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Gao K, Chen Y, Wang P, Chang W, Cao B, Luo L. GATA4: Regulation of expression and functions in goat granulosa cells. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2024; 89:106859. [PMID: 38810369 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
GATA4 plays a pivotal role in the reproductive processes of mammals. However, the research on GATA4 in goat ovary is limited. This study aimed to study the expression and function of GATA4 in goat ovary. Utilizing real-time PCR and western blot analysis, we studied the expression and regulatory mechanisms of GATA4 in goat ovary and granulosa cells (GCs). We found that GATA4 was expressed in all follicle types in the goat ovary, with significantly higher levels in GCs of larger follicles (>3 mm) compared to those in smaller follicles (<3 mm). Additionally, we demonstrated that human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) induced GATA4 mRNA expression via the activation of PKA, MEK, p38 MAPK, PKC, and PI3K pathways in vitro. Our study also showed that hCG suppressed the levels of miR-200b and miR-429, which in turn directly target GATA4, thereby modulating the basal and hCG-induced expression of GATA4. Functionally, we examined the effect of siRNA-mediated GATA4 knockdown on cell proliferation and hormone secretion in goat GCs. Our results revealed that knockdown of GATA4, miR-200b, and miR-429 suppressed cell proliferation. Moreover, knockdown of GATA4 decreased estradiol and progesterone production by inhibiting the promoter activities of CYP11A1, CYP19A1, HSD3B, and StAR. Collectively, our findings suggest a critical involvement of GATA4 in regulating goat GC survival and steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Gao
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University (Longhua People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, PR China
| | - Yeda Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University (Longhua People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, PR China
| | - Peijie Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Wenlin Chang
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University (Longhua People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, PR China
| | - Binyun Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Liqiong Luo
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University (Longhua People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, PR China.
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2
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Migale R, Neumann M, Mitter R, Rafiee MR, Wood S, Olsen J, Lovell-Badge R. FOXL2 interaction with different binding partners regulates the dynamics of ovarian development. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl0788. [PMID: 38517962 PMCID: PMC10959415 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl0788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
The transcription factor FOXL2 is required in ovarian somatic cells for female fertility. Differential timing of Foxl2 deletion, in embryonic versus adult mouse ovary, leads to distinctive outcomes, suggesting different roles across development. Here, we comprehensively investigated FOXL2's role through a multi-omics approach to characterize gene expression dynamics and chromatin accessibility changes, coupled with genome-wide identification of FOXL2 targets and on-chromatin interacting partners in somatic cells across ovarian development. We found that FOXL2 regulates more targets postnatally, through interaction with factors regulating primordial follicle formation and steroidogenesis. Deletion of one interactor, ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (Usp7), results in impairment of somatic cell differentiation, germ cell nest breakdown, and ovarian development, leading to sterility. Our datasets constitute a comprehensive resource for exploration of the molecular mechanisms of ovarian development and causes of female infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Migale
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Michelle Neumann
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Richard Mitter
- Bioinformatics core, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Mahmoud-Reza Rafiee
- RNA Networks Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Sophie Wood
- Genetic Modification Service, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Jessica Olsen
- Genetic Modification Service, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Robin Lovell-Badge
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
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3
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Czukiewska SM, Fan X, Mulder AA, Van Der Helm T, Hillenius S, Van Der Meeren L, Matorras R, Eguizabal C, Lei L, Koning RI, Chuva De Sousa Lopes SM. Cell-cell interactions during the formation of primordial follicles in humans. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202301926. [PMID: 37643865 PMCID: PMC10465921 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202301926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Gametogenesis is a complex and sex-specific multistep process during which the gonadal somatic niche plays an essential regulatory role. One of the most crucial steps during human female gametogenesis is the formation of primordial follicles, the functional unit of the ovary that constitutes the pool of follicles available at birth during the entire reproductive life. However, the relation between human fetal germ cells (hFGCs) and gonadal somatic cells during the formation of the primordial follicles remains largely unexplored. We have discovered that hFGCs can form multinucleated syncytia, some connected via interconnecting intercellular bridges, and that not all nuclei in hFGC-syncytia were synchronous regarding meiotic stage. As hFGCs progressed in development, pre-granulosa cells formed protrusions that seemed to progressively constrict individual hFGCs, perhaps contributing to separate them from the multinucleated syncytia. Our findings highlighted the cell-cell interaction and molecular dynamics between hFGCs and (pre)granulosa cells during the formation of primordial follicles in humans. Knowledge on how the pool of primordial follicle is formed is important to understand human infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia M Czukiewska
- https://ror.org/05xvt9f17 Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Xueying Fan
- https://ror.org/05xvt9f17 Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A Mulder
- https://ror.org/05xvt9f17 Electron Microscopy Facility, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Talia Van Der Helm
- https://ror.org/05xvt9f17 Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sanne Hillenius
- https://ror.org/05xvt9f17 Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Lotte Van Der Meeren
- https://ror.org/05xvt9f17 Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roberto Matorras
- IVIRMA, IVI Bilbao, Bilbao, Spain
- Human Reproduction Unit, Cruces University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Basque Country University, Bilbao, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Cristina Eguizabal
- Cell Therapy, Stem Cells and Tissues Group, Basque Centre for Blood Transfusion and Human Tissues, Galdakao, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Roman I Koning
- https://ror.org/05xvt9f17 Electron Microscopy Facility, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Susana M Chuva De Sousa Lopes
- https://ror.org/05xvt9f17 Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- https://ror.org/00xmkp704 Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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4
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Baddela VS, Michaelis M, Tao X, Koczan D, Vanselow J. ERK1/2-SOX9/FOXL2 axis regulates ovarian steroidogenesis and favors the follicular-luteal transition. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302100. [PMID: 37532283 PMCID: PMC10397509 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Estradiol and progesterone are the primary sex steroids produced by the ovary. Upon luteinizing hormone surge, estradiol-producing granulosa cells convert into progesterone-producing cells and eventually become large luteal cells of the corpus luteum. Signaling pathways and transcription factors involved in the cessation of estradiol and simultaneous stimulation of progesterone production in granulosa cells are not clearly understood. Here, we decipher that phosphorylated ERK1/2 regulates granulosa cell steroidogenesis by inhibiting estradiol and inducing progesterone production. Down-regulation of transcription factor FOXL2 and up-regulation of SOX9 by ERK underpin its differential steroidogenic function. Interestingly, the incidence of SOX9 is largely uncovered in ovarian cells and is found to regulate FOXL2 along with CYP19A1 and STAR genes, encoding rate-limiting enzymes of steroidogenesis, in cultured granulosa cells. We propose that the novel ERK1/2-SOX9/FOXL2 axis in granulosa cells is a critical regulator of ovarian steroidogenesis and may be considered when addressing pathophysiologies associated with inappropriate steroid production and infertility in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Simha Baddela
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Marten Michaelis
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Xuelian Tao
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Dirk Koczan
- Institute of Immunology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jens Vanselow
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
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5
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Chen M, Jiang H, Zhang C. Selected Genetic Factors Associated with Primary Ovarian Insufficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054423. [PMID: 36901862 PMCID: PMC10002966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a heterogeneous disease resulting from non-functional ovaries in women before the age of 40. It is characterized by primary amenorrhea or secondary amenorrhea. As regards its etiology, although many POI cases are idiopathic, menopausal age is a heritable trait and genetic factors play an important role in all POI cases with known causes, accounting for approximately 20% to 25% of cases. This paper reviews the selected genetic causes implicated in POI and examines their pathogenic mechanisms to show the crucial role of genetic effects on POI. The genetic factors that can be found in POI cases include chromosomal abnormalities (e.g., X chromosomal aneuploidies, structural X chromosomal abnormalities, X-autosome translocations, and autosomal variations), single gene mutations (e.g., newborn ovary homeobox gene (NOBOX), folliculogenesis specific bHLH transcription factor (FIGLA), follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), forkhead box L2 (FOXL2), bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), etc., as well as defects in mitochondrial functions and non-coding RNAs (small ncRNAs and long ncRNAs). These findings are beneficial for doctors to diagnose idiopathic POI cases and predict the risk of POI in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchi Chen
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Haotian Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence:
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6
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Younesi S, Soch A, Sominsky L, Spencer SJ. Long-term role of neonatal microglia and monocytes in ovarian health. J Endocrinol 2022; 254:103-119. [PMID: 35670374 DOI: 10.1530/joe-21-0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Early life microglia are essential for brain development, and developmental disruption in microglial activity may have long-term implications for the neuroendocrine control of reproduction. We and others have previously shown that early life immune activation compromises the long-term potential for reproductive function in females. However, the supportive role of microglia in female reproductive development is still unknown. Here, we examined the long-term programming effects of transient neonatal microglial and monocyte ablation on hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis function in female rats. We employed a Cx3cr1-Dtr transgenic Wistar rat model to acutely ablate microglia and monocytes, commencing on either postnatal day (P) 7 or 14, since the development of the HPG axis in female rodents primarily occurs during the first two to three postnatal weeks. After an acutely diminished expression of microglia and monocyte genes in the brain and ovaries, respectively, microglia had repopulated the brain by P21, albeit that cellular complexity was still reduced in both groups at this time. Removal of microglia and monocytes on P7, but not P14 reduced circulating luteinising hormone levels in adulthood and ovarian gonadotropin receptors mRNA. These changes were notably associated with fewer primary and antral follicles in these rats. These data suggest that transient ablation of microglia and monocytes at the start of the second but not the third postnatal week has long-term effects on ovarian health. The findings highlight the important developmental role of a healthy immune system for female potential reproductive capacity and the importance of critical developmental periods to adult ovarian health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Younesi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alita Soch
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Microscopy Facility, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luba Sominsky
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Barwon Health Laboratory, Barwon Health, University Hospital, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Transformation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah J Spencer
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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7
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Rodriguez KF, Brown PR, Amato CM, Nicol B, Liu CF, Xu X, Yao HHC. Somatic cell fate maintenance in mouse fetal testes via autocrine/paracrine action of AMH and activin B. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4130. [PMID: 35840551 PMCID: PMC9287316 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31486-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fate determination and maintenance of fetal testes in most mammals occur cell autonomously as a result of the action of key transcription factors in Sertoli cells. However, the cases of freemartin, where an XX twin develops testis structures under the influence of an XY twin, imply that hormonal factor(s) from the XY embryo contribute to sex reversal of the XX twin. Here we show that in mouse XY embryos, Sertoli cell-derived anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and activin B together maintain Sertoli cell identity. Sertoli cells in the gonadal poles of XY embryos lacking both AMH and activin B transdifferentiate into their female counterpart granulosa cells, leading to ovotestis formation. The ovotestes remain to adulthood and produce both sperm and oocytes, although there are few of the former and the latter fail to mature. Finally, the ability of XY mice to masculinize ovaries is lost in the absence of these two factors. These results provide insight into fate maintenance of fetal testes through the action of putative freemartin factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina F Rodriguez
- Reproductive Developmental Biology Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Paula R Brown
- Reproductive Developmental Biology Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ciro M Amato
- Reproductive Developmental Biology Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Barbara Nicol
- Reproductive Developmental Biology Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chia-Feng Liu
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Humphrey Hung-Chang Yao
- Reproductive Developmental Biology Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA.
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8
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Ludwig CLM, Bohleber S, Rebl A, Wirth EK, Venuto MT, Langhammer M, Schweizer U, Weitzel JM, Michaelis M. Endocrine and molecular factors of increased female reproductive performance in the Dummerstorf high-fertility mouse line FL1. J Mol Endocrinol 2022; 69:285-298. [PMID: 35388794 PMCID: PMC9175557 DOI: 10.1530/jme-22-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Dummerstorf high-fertility mouse line FL1 is a worldwide unique selection experiment for increased female reproductive performance. After more than 190 generations of selection, these mice doubled the amount of offspring per litter compared to the unselected control line. FL1 females have a superior lifetime fecundity and the highest Silver fecundity index that has been described in mice, while their offspring show no signs of growth retardation. The reasons for the increased reproductive performance remained unclear. Thus, this study aims to characterize the Dummerstorf high-fertility mouse line FL1 on endocrine and molecular levels on the female side. We analyzed parameters of the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis on both hormonal and transcriptional levels. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations were decreased in FL1 throughout the whole estrous cycle. Luteinizing hormone (LH) was increased in FL1 mice in estrus. Progesterone concentrations were decreased in estrus in FL1 mice and not affected in diestrus. We used a holistic gene expression approach in the ovary to obtain a global picture of how the high-fertility phenotype is achieved. We found several differentially expressed genes in the ovaries of FL1 mice that are associated with different female fertility traits. Our results indicate that ovulation rates in mice can be increased despite decreased FSH levels. Cycle-related alterations of progesterone and LH levels have the potential to improve follicular maturation, and interactions of endocrine and molecular factors lead to enhanced follicular survival, more successful folliculogenesis and therefore higher ovulation rates in female FL1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Bohleber
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie (IBMB), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Rebl
- Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Eva Katrin Wirth
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marzia Tindara Venuto
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Martina Langhammer
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Service Group Model Laboratory Animals, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schweizer
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie (IBMB), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim M Weitzel
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
- Correspondence should be addressed to J M Weitzel or M Michaelis: or
| | - Marten Michaelis
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
- Correspondence should be addressed to J M Weitzel or M Michaelis: or
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9
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Meng T, Zhang W, Zhang R, Li J, Gao Y, Qin Y, Jiao X. Ovarian Reserve and ART Outcomes in Blepharophimosis-Ptosis-Epicanthus Inversus Syndrome Patients With FOXL2 Mutations. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:829153. [PMID: 35574016 PMCID: PMC9097277 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.829153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To characterize the status of ovarian reserve and ART outcomes in BPES women and provide informative reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods Twenty-one women with BPES were screened for mutations in the FOXL2 gene and underwent assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment. Indicators for ovarian reserve and ART outcomes were compared between patients with and without FOXL2 mutations. Additionally, ART outcomes were compared among patients with different subtypes of FOXL2 mutations. Results A total of 13 distinct heterozygous variants in the FOXL2 gene were identified in 80.95% of BPES women, including 4 novel mutations with plausible pathogenicity (c.173_175dup, c.481C>T, c.576del and c.675_714del). Compared to non-mutation group, patients with FOXL2 mutations had elevated levels of FSH (P=0.007), decreased AMH levels (P=0.012) and less AFC (P=0.015). They also had worse ART outcomes with large amount of Gn dosage (P=0.008), fewer oocytes (P=0.001), Day3 good quality embryos (P=0.001) and good quality blastocysts (P=0.037), and a higher cancellation rate (P=0.272). High heterogeneity of ART outcomes existed in BPES patients with different FOXL2 mutation types. Conclusions BPES patients with FOXL2 mutations had diminished ovarian reserve and adverse ART outcomes. The genotype-reproductive phenotype correlations were highly heterogeneous and cannot be generalized. Genetic counseling for fertility planning and preimplantation or prenatal genetic diagnosis to reduce offspring inheritance are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Meng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenzhe Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingying Qin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Jiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Suzhou Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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10
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Tucker EJ. The Genetics and Biology of FOXL2. Sex Dev 2021; 16:184-193. [PMID: 34727551 DOI: 10.1159/000519836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXL2 encodes a transcription factor that regulates a wide array of target genes including those involved in sex development, eyelid development, ovarian function and maintenance, genomic integrity as well as cellular pathways such as cell-cycle progression, proliferation, and apoptosis. The role of FOXL2 has been widely studied in humans and animals. Consistent with its role in ovarian and eyelid development, over 100 germline variants in FOXL2 are associated with blepharophimosis, ptosis, and epicanthus inversus syndrome in humans, an autosomal dominant condition characterised by ovarian dysgenesis/premature ovarian insufficiency, as well as defective eyelid development. Reflecting its role in apoptosis and proliferation, a somatic variant in FOXL2 causes adult granulosa cell tumours in humans. Despite being widely studied and having clear relevance to human disease, much remains unknown about the genes FOXL2 regulates and how it exerts its wide-reaching effect on multiple organs. This review focuses on FOXL2 and its varied roles as a transcription factor in sex determination, ovarian maintenance and function, eyelid development, genome integrity, and cell regulation, followed by discussion of the in vivo disruption of FOXL2 in humans and other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena J Tucker
- Reproductive Development, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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