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Wen W, Chen H, Fu K, Wei J, Qin L, Pan T, Xu S. Fructus Viticis methanolic extract attenuates trigeminal hyperalgesia in migraine by regulating injury signal transmission. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:85-94. [PMID: 31853276 PMCID: PMC6909769 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine, characterized by hyperalgesia of the trigeminovascular system, is a severe condition that leads to severe reductions in the quality of life. Upon external stimulation, the levels of various neurotransmitters, including aspartic acid (Asp), glutamic acid (Glu), γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), norepinephrine (NE) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), are significantly altered; this directly or indirectly promotes trigeminal hypersensitivity. Fructus Viticis is a Traditional Chinese Medicine with analgesic properties to provide efficient relief of migraine. In the present study, the underlying mechanisms of the analgesic effect of Fructus Viticis methanolic extract were assessed in rats with nitroglycerin-induced migraine. The plasma levels of the neurotransmitters calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP), as well as the amount of c-fos immunoreactive cells (c-fos IR cells) in the brain, were detected. The analgesic effect was obvious, as Fructus Viticis methanolic extract ameliorated migraine-like behaviours in nitroglycerin-induced rats. The levels of 5-HT, GABA and NE in the brain of migraine model rats was lower compared with that of control rats, whereas opposite observations were made in the contents of excitatory amino acids. Pre-treatment with Fructus Viticis methanolic extract elevated the levels of 5-HT, GABA and NE, and also lowered the levels of excitatory amino acids, including Glu and Asp. In addition, treatment with Fructus Viticis methanolic extract lowered the plasma levels of CGRP and SP and decreased the c-fos IR cells in the brainstem. The present study provided a further scientific basis for the anti-migraine effects of Fructus Viticis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China.,Institute of Materia Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Huan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China.,Institute of Materia Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Kun Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmacy, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Second Affiliated Chengdu Clinical College of Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P.R. China
| | - Jiangping Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China.,Institute of Materia Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Lixia Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China.,Institute of Materia Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Ting Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China.,Institute of Materia Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Shijun Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China.,Institute of Materia Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
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Cataldo AM, McPhie DL, Lange NT, Punzell S, Elmiligy S, Ye NZ, Froimowitz MP, Hassinger LC, Menesale EB, Sargent LW, Logan DJ, Carpenter AE, Cohen BM. Abnormalities in mitochondrial structure in cells from patients with bipolar disorder. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 177:575-85. [PMID: 20566748 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.081068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Postmortem, genetic, brain imaging, and peripheral cell studies all support decreased mitochondrial activity as a factor in the manifestation of Bipolar Disorder (BD). Because abnormal mitochondrial morphology is often linked to altered energy metabolism, we investigated whether changes in mitochondrial structure were present in brain and peripheral cells of patients with BD. Mitochondria from patients with BD exhibited size and distributional abnormalities compared with psychiatrically-healthy age-matched controls. Specifically, in brain, individual mitochondria profiles had significantly smaller areas, on average, in BD samples (P = 0.03). In peripheral cells, mitochondria in BD samples were concentrated proportionately more within the perinuclear region than in distal processes (P = 0.0008). These mitochondrial changes did not appear to be correlated with exposure to lithium. Also, these abnormalities in brain and peripheral cells were independent of substantial changes in the actin or tubulin cytoskeleton with which mitochondria interact. The observed changes in mitochondrial size and distribution may be linked to energy deficits and, therefore, may have consequences for cell plasticity, resilience, and survival in patients with BD, especially in brain, which has a high-energy requirement. The findings may have implications for diagnosis, if they are specific to BD, and for treatment, if they provide clues as to the underlying pathophysiology of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Cataldo
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Cohen BM, Cherkerzian S, Ma J, Ye N, Wager C, Lange N. Cells in midline thalamus, central amygdala, and nucleus accumbens responding specifically to antipsychotic drugs. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2003; 167:403-10. [PMID: 12709776 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-003-1423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2002] [Accepted: 02/03/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Determining brain regions in which neuroleptic drugs of different types produce similar effects, especially where these effects are not shared with drugs lacking antipsychotic efficacy, provides evidence as to how and where the clinical effects of neuroleptic drugs are mediated. OBJECTIVE For this study, the pattern of expression of the protein Fos, a marker of cellular activation, was compared after administration of the typical neuroleptic haloperidol, the antipsychotic drug clozapine, and the atypical neuroleptic olanzapine, as well as the sedative drug diphenhydramine and the anxiolytic lorazepam. METHODS Animals (Sprague-Dawley rats, three per cohort) received intraperitoneal injections of haloperidol (1 mg/kg), clozapine (20 mg/kg), olanzapine (5 mg/kg), diphenhydramine hydrochloride (1 mg/kg), lorazepam (5 mg/kg) or vehicle (2% lactic acid, 1 ml/kg). Two hours after drug administration, animals were killed. Patterns of activated cells were observed by immunohistochemistry for Fos-like antibodies in regions previously suggested as responding to all antipsychotic drugs, including nucleus accumbens, central amygdala, and central medial thalamus. Cells staining for Fos were counted by semi-automated methods. RESULTS. A very similar pattern and number of Fos positive cells in nucleus accumbens, central amygdala, and central medial thalamus followed administration of each antipsychotic drug. The numbers of apparently activated cells were much greater following antipsychotic drug administration than after vehicle, with differences between each drug and vehicle being highly statistically significant in each region. Lorazepam produced apparent activation of cells of the central amygdala similar in degree and location but not identical in distribution to that of antipsychotic drugs. Diphenhydramine produced no apparent activation of cells in any of the sites tested. CONCLUSION Typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs shared a distinctive pattern of robust activation of cells in nucleus accumbens, central medial thalamus, and central amygdala. Antipsychotic drug-induced activation of amygdala was shared by lorazepam, but activation of thalamus and nucleus accumbens was much greater following antipsychotic drugs than following lorazepam. The pattern of activated cells may be relevant to the therapeutic actions of antipsychotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce M Cohen
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478-9106, USA.
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