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Amini Y, Tebianian M, Mosavari N, Fasihi Ramandi M, Ebrahimi SM, Najminejad H, Dabaghian M, Abdollahpour M. Development of an effective delivery system for intranasal immunization against Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT-6 antigen. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 45:291-296. [PMID: 26924121 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2016.1146735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The early secreted antigenic target 6-kDa protein (ESAT-6) plays an important role in immune protection against Tuberculosis. Owing to its great potential to increase immune response, chitosan can be considered as a suitable biodegradable polymer for intranasal administration. Methods The physiochemical properties of the nanoparticle were measured in vitro. Two weeks after the last intranasal administration, blood samples were collected and specific IgG, IFN-gama, and IL-4 levels were measured by ELISA. Results Chitosan nanoparticles containing ESAT-6 demonstrated stronger ability to induce IFN-gama, IL-4, and IgG antibody level than the control groups. Conclusion Administration of chitosan nanoparticles can be a suitable method to induce more appropriate immune responses against low inherent immunogenic tuberculosis proteins through intranasal routs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Amini
- a Microbiology & Virology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | | | | | - Mahdi Fasihi Ramandi
- c Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Riese P, Trittel S, Schulze K, Guzmán CA. Rodents as pre-clinical models for predicting vaccine performance in humans. Expert Rev Vaccines 2015. [DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2015.1074043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie Trittel
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kai Schulze
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Carlos A Guzmán
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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Wang X, Li X, Sogo Y, Ito A. Simple synthesis route of mesoporous AlOOH nanofibers to enhance immune responses. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40881g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Katti MK, Chall V, Mahadevan B. A GROUP OF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT (<30 kDa) ANTIGENS OF HEAT-KILLED MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSISH37Rv CONFER BETTER PROTECTION AGAINST EXPERIMENTAL TUBERCULOSIS IN GUINEA PIGS. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2011; 32:128-33. [DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2010.543222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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WANG LIMEI, BAI YINLAN, SHI CHANGHONG, GAO HUI, XUE YING, JIANG HONG, XU ZHIKAI. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a DNA vaccine encoding the fusion protein of mycobacterium heat shock protein 65(Hsp65) with human interleukin-2 againstMycobacterium tuberculosisin BALB/c mice. APMIS 2008; 116:1071-81. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2008.01095.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Humphreys IR, Stewart GR, Turner DJ, Patel J, Karamanou D, Snelgrove RJ, Young DB. A role for dendritic cells in the dissemination of mycobacterial infection. Microbes Infect 2006; 8:1339-46. [PMID: 16697232 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2005.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2005] [Revised: 11/01/2005] [Accepted: 12/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The ability of mycobacteria to disseminate from the initial site of infection has an important role in immune priming and in the seeding of disease in multiple organs. To study this phenomenon, we used flow cytometry to analyse the distribution of green fluorescent protein-labelled BCG amongst different populations of antigen-presenting cells in the lungs of mice following intranasal infection, and monitored appearance of live bacteria in the draining mediastinal lymph nodes. BCG predominantly infected alveolar macrophages (CD11c(+)/CD11b(-)) and dendritic cells (CD11c(+)/CD11b(+)) in the lungs. The bacteria that disseminated to the lymph node were found in dendritic cells. The results are consistent with a model in which mycobacterial dissemination from the lung is initiated by the migration of infected dendritic cells to the draining lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Humphreys
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Flowers Building, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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Franco-Paredes C, Rouphael N, del Rio C, Santos-Preciado JI. Vaccination strategies to prevent tuberculosis in the new millennium: from BCG to new vaccine candidates. Int J Infect Dis 2006; 10:93-102. [PMID: 16377228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2005.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2005] [Revised: 06/23/2005] [Accepted: 06/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Current global control efforts targeting tuberculosis (TB) include the treatment of latent TB infection, case detection and treatment with directly observed therapy short-course (DOTS), and BCG (bacille Calmette-Guérin) vaccination. However, BCG has been found to decrease only childhood TB morbidity and mortality but has a very limited effect in the transmission dynamics of the infection. These limitations of BCG are the driving force for the development of new TB vaccines. New TB vaccine candidates have entered clinical evaluation and many more are in the pipeline to undergo clinical testing. New vaccine candidates may offer better protection than that afforded by currently available BCG vaccines. Furthermore, combined vaccination schedules against TB seem to be a promising strategy in the new millennium.
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Nagelkerke NJD, de Vlas SJ, Mahendradhata Y, Ottenhoff THM, Borgdorff M. The search for a tuberculosis vaccine: An elusive quest? Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2006; 86:41-6. [PMID: 16253559 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2005.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2005] [Revised: 05/07/2005] [Accepted: 06/24/2005] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The precise mechanisms of protective immunity and pathogenesis of tuberculosis (TB) are poorly understood. Yet, many efforts are underway to develop new, more effective vaccines against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This development appears to be predicated upon the assumption that natural acquired immunity to TB exists. In this paper we review the evidence for such immunity, explore the hypothesis that disease progression is due to some, often transient, immunological dysfunction, and discuss its relevance for vaccine development. Several mechanisms for such an immune dysfunction are proposed, including the recently suggested involvement of viral co-infections. Developing vaccines for such co-infections may be a new challenge for TB control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico J D Nagelkerke
- Department of Community Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666 Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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McMurry J, Sbai H, Gennaro ML, Carter EJ, Martin W, De Groot AS. Analyzing Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteomes for candidate vaccine epitopes. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2004; 85:95-105. [PMID: 15687033 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2004.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2004] [Accepted: 09/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Secreted antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) induce strong T cell responses and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion, both of which are integral in the defense against Mtb. We used web-based tools (SignaIP and Prosite) to identify putative secreted proteins from Mtb genomes CDC 1551 and H37Rv. We then used EpiMatrix, a proprietary pattern-matching algorithm, to do a preliminary analysis of these proteins for regions that contained a high number of class II MHC binding motif matches. The use of bioinformatics tools reduced the number of potential epitopes to be screened to 5% of the 1.3 million overlapping peptides. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained from healthy, asymptomatic tuberculin skin test-positive donors. Of the 17 highest-ranking peptide candidates that could be synthesized for this preliminary in vitro evaluation, 15 (88%) stimulated IFN-gamma response, and eight (47%) stimulated lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. IFN-gamma ELISpot assays were therefore a more sensitive test for T cell response to these peptides than were proliferation assays. One highly promiscuous epitope (MT2281-26-J, WRRRPLSSALLSFGLLLGGLPL) induced IFN-gamma secretion in PBMC from 11 of 25 Mtb immune subjects (44%). Overall, 15 epitopes, and MT2281-26-J in particular, are candidates for inclusion in a multi-epitope TB vaccine. These findings support the systematic application of bioinformatics tools to whole genomes when used in combination with in vitro methods for screening and confirming epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J McMurry
- TB/HIV Research Laboratory, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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Wang J, Thorson L, Stokes RW, Santosuosso M, Huygen K, Zganiacz A, Hitt M, Xing Z. Single mucosal, but not parenteral, immunization with recombinant adenoviral-based vaccine provides potent protection from pulmonary tuberculosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:6357-65. [PMID: 15528375 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.10.6357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine has failed to control the global tuberculosis (TB) epidemic, and there is a lack of safe and effective mucosal vaccines capable of potent protection against pulmonary TB. A recombinant replication-deficient adenoviral-based vaccine expressing an immunogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ag Ag85A (AdAg85A) was engineered and evaluated for its potential to be used as a respiratory mucosal TB vaccine in a murine model of pulmonary TB. A single intranasal, but not i.m., immunization with AdAg85A provided potent protection against airway Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge at an improved level over that by cutaneous BCG vaccination. Systemic priming with an Ag85A DNA vaccine and mucosal boosting with AdAg85A conferred a further enhanced immune protection which was remarkably better than BCG vaccination. Such superior protection triggered by AdAg85 mucosal immunization was correlated with much greater retention of Ag-specific T cells, particularly CD4 T cells, in the lung and was shown to be mediated by both CD4 and CD8 T cells. Thus, adenoviral TB vaccine represents a promising novel vaccine platform capable of potent mucosal immune protection against TB. Our study also lends strong evidence that respiratory mucosal vaccination is critically advantageous over systemic routes of vaccination against TB.
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MESH Headings
- Acyltransferases/biosynthesis
- Acyltransferases/genetics
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Adenoviridae/immunology
- Administration, Intranasal
- Animals
- Antigens, Bacterial/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Bacterial/genetics
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Female
- Genetic Vectors
- Immunity, Cellular/genetics
- Immunization, Secondary
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mycobacterium bovis/immunology
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology
- Respiratory Mucosa/immunology
- Respiratory Mucosa/microbiology
- Respiratory Mucosa/virology
- Tuberculosis Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Tuberculosis Vaccines/genetics
- Tuberculosis Vaccines/immunology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/immunology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/prevention & control
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/virology
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/genetics
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases, Centre for Gene Therapeutics, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5
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Abstract
Widely deployed and highly effective pre- or postexposure vaccines would reduce the number of TB cases by only one third. Developing effective tuberculosis (TB) vaccines is a high priority. We use mathematical models to predict the potential public health impact of new TB vaccines in high-incidence countries. We show that preexposure vaccines would be almost twice as effective as postexposure vaccines in reducing the number of new infections. Postexposure vaccines would initially have a substantially greater impact, compared to preexposure vaccines, on reducing the number of new cases of disease. However, the effectiveness of postexposure vaccines would diminish over time, whereas the effectiveness of preexposure vaccines would increase. Thus, after 20 to 30 years, post- or preexposure vaccination campaigns would be almost equally effective in terms of cumulative TB cases prevented. Even widely deployed and highly effective (50%–90% efficacy) pre- or postexposure vaccines would only be able to reduce the number of TB cases by one third. We discuss the health policy implications of our analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elad Ziv
- University of California—San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Charles L. Daley
- University of California—San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sally Blower
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles California, USA
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Abstract
Despite the availability of a vaccine for over 80 years, the tuberculosis epidemic continues to be a major cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. The factors contributing to the resurgence of tuberculosis and the possible explanations for the failure of the current vaccine, bacille Calmette-Guérin, are discussed. The nature of protective immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and how this relates to the development of new candidate vaccines is then considered. The issues surrounding the progression of the most promising candidates into Phase I clinical trials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen McShane
- Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK.
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Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of most successful pathogens of mankind, infecting one-third of the global population and claiming two million lives every year. The ability of the bacteria to persist in the form of a long-term asymptomatic infection, referred to as latent tuberculosis, is central to the biology of the disease. The persistence of bacteria in superficially normal tissue was recognized soon after the discovery of the tubercle bacillus, and much of our knowledge about persistent populations of M. tuberculosis dates back to the first half of the last century. Recent advances in microbial genetics and host immunity provide an opportunity for renewed investigation of this persistent threat to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham R Stewart
- Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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O'Connell D. BCG — a work in progress. Nat Rev Immunol 2003. [DOI: 10.1038/nri1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Housset B, Fuhrman C. Les enjeux du traitement de la tuberculose. Med Mal Infect 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0399-077x(03)00065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a major cause of mortality and physical and economic deprivation worldwide. There have been significant recent advances in our understanding of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome, mycobacterial genetics and the host determinants of protective immunity. Nevertheless, the challenge is to harness this information to develop a more effective vaccine than BCG, the attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis derived by Calmette and Guérin nearly 90 years ago. Some of the limitations of BCG include the waning of the protective immunity with time, reduced effectiveness against pulmonary tuberculosis compared to disseminated disease, and the problems of a live vaccine in immuno-compromised subjects. Two broad approaches to vaccine development are being pursued. New live vaccines include either attenuated strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis produced by random mutagenesis or targeted deletion of putative virulence factors, or by genetic manipulation of BCG to express new antigens or cytokines. The second approach utilizes non-viable subunit vaccines to deliver immunodominant mycobacterial antigens. Both protein and DNA vaccines induce partial protection against experimental tuberculosis infection in mice, however, their efficacy has generally been equivalent to or less than that of BCG. The comparative effects of cytokine adjuvants and vaccines targeting antigen presenting cells on enhancing protection will be discussed. Coimmunization with plasmid interleukin-12 and a DNA vaccine expressing Antigen 85B, a major secreted protein, was as protective as BCG. The combination of priming with DNA-85B and boosting with BCG was superior to BCG alone. Therefore it is possible to achieve a greater level of protection against tuberculosis than with BCG, and this highlights the potential for new tuberculosis vaccines in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warwick J Britton
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia.
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