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DesRuisseaux LA, Guevara JE, Duff K. Examining the Stability and Predictive Utility of Across- and Within-Domain Intra-Individual Variability in Mild Cognitive Impairment. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2024:acae054. [PMID: 39003237 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acae054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dispersion is a form of intra-individual variability across neuropsychological tests that has been shown to predict cognitive decline. However, few studies have investigated the stability and predictive utility of both across- and within-domain dispersion. The current study aims to fill these gaps in the literature by examining multiple indices of dispersion in a longitudinal clinical sample of individuals diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at baseline. METHOD Two hundred thirty-eight MCI patients from a cognitive disorders clinic underwent testing at baseline and after approximately 1.5 years. Linear regression was used to examine whether baseline across- and within-domain dispersion predicted cognitive decline in individuals whose diagnostic classification progressed to dementia (i.e., MCI-Decline) and those who retained an MCI diagnosis at follow-up (i.e., MCI-Stable). Cognitive decline was operationalized dichotomously using group status and continuously using standardized regression-based (SRB) z-scores. RESULTS Dispersion variables at baseline and follow-up were positively correlated in both groups, with the exception of within-domain executive functioning and language dispersion in the MCI-Decline group. None of the dispersion variables predicted diagnostic conversion to MCI. Using SRB z-scores, greater across-domain dispersion predicted greater overall cognitive decline at follow-up, but this was not the case for within-domain variables with the exception of visuospatial skills. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that across- and within-domain dispersion are relatively stable across time, and that across-domain dispersion is predictive of subtle cognitive decline in patients with MCI. However, these results also highlight that findings may differ based on the tests included in dispersion calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasmin E Guevara
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kevin Duff
- Department of Neurology, Layton Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer's Care, Imaging, and Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84111, USA
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Chien YL, Tseng YL, Tsai WC, Chiu YN. Assessing Frontal Lobe Function on Verbal Fluency and Emotion Recall in Autism Spectrum Disorder by fNIRS. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06306-5. [PMID: 38635133 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06306-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
This study applied the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate frontal activity in autism when performing verbal fluency test and emotion recall task. We recruited 32 autistic adults without intellectual disability and 30 typically-developing controls (TDC). Prefrontal hemodynamic changes were evaluated by fNIRS when the participants performed the verbal fluency test and emotion recall task. fNIRS signals in the prefrontal cortex were compared between autism and TDC. Compared to TDC, autistic adults showed comparable performance on the verbal fluency test but exhibited lower frontal activity on the vegetable category. In the verbal fluency test, left frontal activity in TDC significantly increased in the vegetable category (vs. fruit category). In the emotion recall task, left frontal activity increased significantly in TDC when recalling emotional (vs. neutral) events. This increase of left frontal activity on the more difficult works was not found in autism. Similarly, brain activities were related to test performance only in TDC but not in autism. In addition, more severe social deficits were associated with lower frontal activity when recalling emotional events, independent of autism diagnosis. Findings suggested reduced frontal activity in autism, as compared to TDC, when performing verbal fluency tests. The reduction of left frontal activation in verbal fluency test and emotion recall tasks might reflect on the social deficits of the individual. The fNIRS may potentially be applied in assessing frontal lobe function in autism and social deficits in general population. Trial registration number: NCT04010409.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Chien
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital & College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, No.7. Chung Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Li Tseng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Che Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital & College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Nan Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, No.7. Chung Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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Pereira DJ, Morais S, Sayal A, Pereira J, Meneses S, Areias G, Direito B, Macedo A, Castelo-Branco M. Neurofeedback training of executive function in autism spectrum disorder: distinct effects on brain activity levels and compensatory connectivity changes. J Neurodev Disord 2024; 16:14. [PMID: 38605323 PMCID: PMC11008042 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-024-09531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficits in executive function (EF) are consistently reported in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Tailored cognitive training tools, such as neurofeedback, focused on executive function enhancement might have a significant impact on the daily life functioning of individuals with ASD. We report the first real-time fMRI neurofeedback (rt-fMRI NF) study targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in ASD. METHODS Thirteen individuals with autism without intellectual disability and seventeen neurotypical individuals completed a rt-fMRI working memory NF paradigm, consisting of subvocal backward recitation of self-generated numeric sequences. We performed a region-of-interest analysis of the DLPFC, whole-brain comparisons between groups and, DLPFC-based functional connectivity. RESULTS The ASD and control groups were able to modulate DLPFC activity in 84% and 98% of the runs. Activity in the target region was persistently lower in the ASD group, particularly in runs without neurofeedback. Moreover, the ASD group showed lower activity in premotor/motor areas during pre-neurofeedback run than controls, but not in transfer runs, where it was seemingly balanced by higher connectivity between the DLPFC and the motor cortex. Group comparison in the transfer run also showed significant differences in DLPFC-based connectivity between groups, including higher connectivity with areas integrated into the multidemand network (MDN) and the visual cortex. CONCLUSIONS Neurofeedback seems to induce a higher between-group similarity of the whole-brain activity levels (including the target ROI) which might be promoted by changes in connectivity between the DLPFC and both high and low-level areas, including motor, visual and MDN regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Jardim Pereira
- Neurorradiology Functional Area, Imaging Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sofia Morais
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Psychiatry Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Sayal
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Siemens Healthineers Portugal, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Pereira
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sofia Meneses
- Psychology Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Graça Areias
- Psychology Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Direito
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- IATV-Instituto do Ambiente, Tecnologia e Vida (IATV), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Macedo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Siemens Healthineers Portugal, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Schippers LM, Greven CU, Hoogman M. Associations between ADHD traits and self-reported strengths in the general population. Compr Psychiatry 2024; 130:152461. [PMID: 38335571 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ADHD research has had a clear focus on symptoms, their negative consequences and the treatment of ADHD. However, previous qualitative research found that people with a diagnosis of ADHD also self-report to experience strengths related to their ADHD. This is one of the first quantitative studies to investigate multiple self-reported strengths in relation to ADHD traits in a general population sample. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the relationship between multiple self-reported strengths with ADHD traits in the general population using quantitative measures. METHODS Our sample consisted of individuals from the general population in the UK, aged 18-60, n = 694. Next to assessing ADHD traits, we collected data on ten instruments investigating strengths that in qualitative research were reported to be related to ADHD. Correlation analysis (primary) was supplemented by factor and network analyses (exploratory). RESULTS We found positive correlations between ADHD traits and hyperfocus, sensory processing sensitivity, and cognitive flexibility. CONCLUSIONS People with more ADHD traits score higher on several strengths, for other strengths we were not able to show a positive correlation in this population-bases sample. Information on strengths may aid people with elevated ADHD traits cope with their condition, and has potential to provide new angles for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Schippers
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Human Genetics, the Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Psychiatry, the Netherlands
| | - C U Greven
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M Hoogman
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Human Genetics, the Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Psychiatry, the Netherlands.
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Kirkham R, Kooijman L, Albertella L, Myles D, Yücel M, Rotaru K. Immersive Virtual Reality-Based Methods for Assessing Executive Functioning: Systematic Review. JMIR Serious Games 2024; 12:e50282. [PMID: 38407958 DOI: 10.2196/50282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropsychological assessments traditionally include tests of executive functioning (EF) because of its critical role in daily activities and link to mental disorders. Established traditional EF assessments, although robust, lack ecological validity and are limited to single cognitive processes. These methods, which are suitable for clinical populations, are less informative regarding EF in healthy individuals. With these limitations in mind, immersive virtual reality (VR)-based assessments of EF have garnered interest because of their potential to increase test sensitivity, ecological validity, and neuropsychological assessment accessibility. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to explore the literature on immersive VR assessments of EF focusing on (1) EF components being assessed, (2) how these assessments are validated, and (3) strategies for monitoring potential adverse (cybersickness) and beneficial (immersion) effects. METHODS EBSCOhost, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched in July 2022 using keywords that reflected the main themes of VR, neuropsychological tests, and EF. Articles had to be peer-reviewed manuscripts written in English and published after 2013 that detailed empirical, clinical, or proof-of-concept studies in which a virtual environment using a head-mounted display was used to assess EF in an adult population. A tabular synthesis method was used in which validation details from each study, including comparative assessments and scores, were systematically organized in a table. The results were summed and qualitatively analyzed to provide a comprehensive overview of the findings. RESULTS The search retrieved 555 unique articles, of which 19 (3.4%) met the inclusion criteria. The reviewed studies encompassed EF and associated higher-order cognitive functions such as inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, working memory, planning, and attention. VR assessments commonly underwent validation against gold-standard traditional tasks. However, discrepancies were observed, with some studies lacking reported a priori planned correlations, omitting detailed descriptions of the EF constructs evaluated using the VR paradigms, and frequently reporting incomplete results. Notably, only 4 of the 19 (21%) studies evaluated cybersickness, and 5 of the 19 (26%) studies included user experience assessments. CONCLUSIONS Although it acknowledges the potential of VR paradigms for assessing EF, the evidence has limitations. The methodological and psychometric properties of the included studies were inconsistently addressed, raising concerns about their validity and reliability. Infrequent monitoring of adverse effects such as cybersickness and considerable variability in sample sizes may limit interpretation and hinder psychometric evaluation. Several recommendations are proposed to improve the theory and practice of immersive VR assessments of EF. Future studies should explore the integration of biosensors with VR systems and the capabilities of VR in the context of spatial navigation assessments. Despite considerable promise, the systematic and validated implementation of VR assessments is essential for ensuring their practical utility in real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kirkham
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Lars Kooijman
- Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Lucy Albertella
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Dan Myles
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Murat Yücel
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Kristian Rotaru
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Monash Business School, Monash University, Caufield, Australia
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Evans SA, Paitel ER, Bhasin R, Nielson KA. Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease Alters Perceived Executive Dysfunction in Cognitively Healthy Middle-Aged and Older Adults. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2024; 8:267-279. [PMID: 38405345 PMCID: PMC10894609 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) may be an early indicator of future cognitive decline. However, findings comparing SCC and objective cognitive performance have varied, particularly in the memory domain. Even less well established is the relationship between subjective and objective complaints in non-amnestic domains, such as in executive functioning, despite evidence indicating very early changes in these domains. Moreover, particularly early changes in both amnestic and non-amnestic domains are apparent in those carrying the Apolipoprotein-E ɛ4 allele, a primary genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective This study investigated the role of the ɛ4 allele in the consistency between subjective and objective executive functioning in 54 healthy, cognitively intact, middle-aged and older adults. Methods Participants (Mage = 64.07, SD = 9.27, range = 48-84; ɛ4+ = 18) completed the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe) Executive Dysfunction Scale (EXECDYS) to measure subjective executive functioning (SEF) and multiple executive functioning tasks, which were condensed into a single factor. Results After accounting for age, depression, and anxiety, objective executive functioning performance significantly predicted SEF. Importantly, ɛ4 moderated this effect. Specifically, those carrying the ɛ4 allele had significantly less accurate self-awareness of their executive functioning compared to ɛ4 non-carriers. Conclusions Utilizing an approach that integrates self-evaluation of executive functioning with objective neurocognitive assessment may help identify the earliest signs of impending cognitive decline, particularly in those with genetic risk for AD. Such an approach could sensitively determine those most prone to future cognitive decline prior to symptom onset, when interventions could be most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Evans
- Department of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Riya Bhasin
- Department of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Fang J, Lv Y, Xie Y, Tang X, Zhang X, Wang X, Yu M, Zhou C, Qin W, Zhang X. Polygenic effects on brain functional endophenotype for deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 10:18. [PMID: 38365896 PMCID: PMC10873412 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-024-00432-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Deficit schizophrenia (DS) is a subtype of schizophrenia (SCZ). The polygenic effects on the neuroimaging alterations in DS still remain unknown. This study aims to calculate the polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia (PRS-SCZ) in DS, and further explores the potential associations with functional features of brain. PRS-SCZ was calculated according to the Whole Exome sequencing and Genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Resting-state fMRI, as well as biochemical features and neurocognitive data were obtained from 33 DS, 47 NDS and 41 HCs, and association studies of genetic risk with neuroimaging were performed in this sample. The analyses of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo) and functional connectivity (FC) were performed to detect the functional alterations between DS and NDS. In addition, correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationships between functional features (ALFF, ReHo, FC) and PRS-SCZ. The PRS-SCZ of DS was significantly lower than that in NDS and HC. Compared to NDS, there was a significant increase in the ALFF of left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG.L) and left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG.L) and a significant decrease in the ALFF of right precuneus (PCUN.R) and ReHo of right middle frontal gyrus (MFG.R) in DS. FCs were widely changed between DS and NDS, mainly concentrated in default mode network, including ITG, PCUN and angular gyrus (ANG). Correlation analysis revealed that the ALFF of left ITG, the ReHo of right middle frontal gyrus, the FC value between insula and ANG, left ITG and right corpus callosum, left ITG and right PCUN, as well as the scores of Trail Making Test-B, were associated with PRS-SCZ in DS. The present study demonstrated the differential polygenic effects on functional changes of brain in DS and NDS, providing a potential neuroimaging-genetic perspective for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Fang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Yiding Lv
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Yingying Xie
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xiaowei Tang
- Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225003, China
| | - Xiaobin Zhang
- Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225003, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Medical Psychological Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Xiangrong Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
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Hu X, Luo Y, Qi R, Ge J, Wu L, Dai H, Lan Q, Liu B, Zhang L, Xu Q, Chen F, Cao Z, Lu G. Disorganized Functional Connectivity of Anterior Insular Subnetworks in Adults with Executive Dysfunction after Trauma Exposure. Neuroscience 2024; 538:40-45. [PMID: 38103859 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that major trauma can adversely affect the brain and cognition. In some cases, trauma may lead to deficits in executive function (EF). The anterior insula may be a causal outflow hub acting to coordinate EF-related brain networks. To clarify the neural underpinnings of EF deficits (EFD) after trauma, we performed a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) study of anterior insular subnetworks in adults who have lost their only child. A total of 167 participants completed various psychological and cognitive assessments to assess EF-related deficits. Correlations were computed between abnormal connectivity and cognitive/post-traumatic stress symptoms. The results showed abnormal anterior insular subregion connectivity in the default mode network (DMN), prefrontal lobe, and cerebellum lobe in participants with EFD. No correlation was found between abnormal connectivity and cognitive/post-traumatic stress symptoms in participants with EFD. These results suggest that excessive connections between the insula and DMN could contribute to EFD after trauma. Overall, this study provides novel references into the neural mechanisms of EF status after trauma exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yifeng Luo
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi, China
| | - Rongfeng Qi
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiyuan Ge
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi, China
| | - Luoan Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yixing Mental Health Center, Wuxi, China
| | - Huanhuan Dai
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qingyue Lan
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Radiology, People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Zhihong Cao
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guangming Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China.
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Torres-Morales C, Cansino S. Brain representations of space and time in episodic memory: A systematic review and meta-analysis. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2024; 24:1-18. [PMID: 38030912 PMCID: PMC10827973 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-023-01140-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
All experiences preserved within episodic memory contain information on the space and time of events. The hippocampus is the main brain region involved in processing spatial and temporal information for incorporation within episodic memory representations. However, the other brain regions involved in the encoding and retrieval of spatial and temporal information within episodic memory are unclear, because a systematic review of related studies is lacking and the findings are scattered. The present study was designed to integrate the results of functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography studies by means of a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide converging evidence. In particular, we focused on identifying the brain regions involved in the retrieval of spatial and temporal information. We identified a spatial retrieval network consisting of the inferior temporal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, superior parietal lobule, angular gyrus, and precuneus. Temporal context retrieval was supported by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Thus, the retrieval of spatial and temporal information is supported by different brain regions, highlighting their different natures within episodic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Torres-Morales
- Laboratory of NeuroCognition, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Selene Cansino
- Laboratory of NeuroCognition, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
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10
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He C, Peng X, Zhang J, Cheng W, Guo S, Hu W, Fang C, Huan M, Lu Y, Sang M, Zhou T, Wu H, Li L, Quan M. Effects of 12-week aerobic exercise with different frequencies on executive function in preschool children: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Psychol Health 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38287651 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2024.2309542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of a 12-week aerobic exercise program with different frequencies on executive functions (EFs) in preschool children. METHOD Four kindergartens, comprising 126 preschool children in Shanghai, were enrolled in this 12-week cluster randomized controlled trial with a 12-week follow-up period. Kindergartens were allocated to high-frequency (three times a week) or low-frequency (once a week) exercise groups using stratified block randomization. Three core sub-EFs, including inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and the 12-week follow-up. RESULTS Compared to baseline, both groups showed significant improvements in inhibition and working memory after the intervention and at the 12-week follow-up. However, only the high-frequency exercise group demonstrated a significant improvement in cognitive flexibility after the follow-up period. Nonetheless, there were no significant differences in the core sub-functions of EFs between the two groups at the end of the intervention or the follow-up periods. CONCLUSION A 12-week aerobic exercise of three times a week was insufficient to significantly improve EFs in preschool children compared to once a week. Future studies are needed to examine the dose-response relationship of aerobic exercise on EFs and to verify the effects of different exercise modalities on EFs in preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changshuang He
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Peng
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- Journal Editorial Department, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoyu Guo
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwen Hu
- Department of Physical Education, Institute of Disaster Prevention, Sanhe, China
| | - Chunyi Fang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Muyang Huan
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhua Lu
- Sports Department, Zhengzhou Business University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Menghao Sang
- Institute of Health, Yantai Nanshan University, Shandong, China
| | - Tang Zhou
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Longkai Li
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghui Quan
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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11
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Peattie ARD, Manktelow AE, Sahakian BJ, Menon DK, Stamatakis EA. Methylphenidate Ameliorates Behavioural and Neurobiological Deficits in Executive Function for Patients with Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury. J Clin Med 2024; 13:771. [PMID: 38337465 PMCID: PMC10856064 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13030771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often results in cognitive impairments, including in visuospatial planning and executive function. Methylphenidate (MPh) demonstrates potential improvements in several cognitive domains in patients with TBI. The Tower of London (TOL) is a visuospatial planning task used to assess executive function. (2) Methods: Volunteers with a history of TBI (n = 16) participated in a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, fMRI study to investigate the neurobiological correlates of visuospatial planning and executive function, on and off MPh. (3) Results: Healthy controls (HCs) (n = 18) and patients on placebo (TBI-placebo) differed significantly in reaction time (p < 0.0005) and accuracy (p < 0.0001) when considering all task loads, but especially for high cognitive loads for reaction time (p < 0.001) and accuracy (p < 0.005). Across all task loads, TBI-MPh were more accurate than TBI-placebo (p < 0.05) but remained less accurate than HCs (p < 0.005). TBI-placebo substantially improved in accuracy with MPh administration (TBI-MPh) to a level statistically comparable to HCs at low (p = 0.443) and high (p = 0.175) cognitive loads. Further, individual patients that performed slower on placebo at low cognitive loads were faster with MPh (p < 0.05), while individual patients that performed less accurately on placebo were more accurate with MPh at both high and low cognitive loads (p < 0.005). TBI-placebo showed reduced activity in the bilateral inferior frontal gyri (IFG) and insulae versus HCs. MPh normalised these regional differences. MPh enhanced within-network connectivity (between parietal, striatal, insula, and cerebellar regions) and enhanced beyond-network connectivity (between parietal, thalamic, and cerebellar regions). Finally, individual changes in cerebellar-thalamic (p < 0.005) and cerebellar-parietal (p < 0.05) connectivity with MPh related to individual changes in accuracy with MPh. (4) Conclusions: This work highlights behavioural and neurofunctional differences between HCs and patients with chronic TBI, and that adverse differences may benefit from MPh treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R. D. Peattie
- Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 93, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.E.M.); (D.K.M.)
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 165, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Anne E. Manktelow
- Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 93, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.E.M.); (D.K.M.)
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 165, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Barbara J. Sahakian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building for Brain and Mind Sciences, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK;
| | - David K. Menon
- Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 93, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.E.M.); (D.K.M.)
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 65, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Emmanuel A. Stamatakis
- Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 93, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.E.M.); (D.K.M.)
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 165, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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12
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Ren L, Yin X, Wang HY, Hao X, Wang D, Jin F, Zhang T, Li T, Zhou T, Liang Z. Correlation and underlying brain mechanisms between rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and executive functions in Parkinson's disease: an fNIRS study. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 15:1290108. [PMID: 38274985 PMCID: PMC10809391 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1290108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) affects 30%-40% of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and has been linked to a higher risk of cognitive impairment, especially executive dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the brain activation patterns in PD patients with RBD (PD-RBD+) compared to those without RBD (PD-RBD-) and healthy controls (HCs), and to analyze the correlation between changes in cerebral cortex activity and the severity of RBD. Methods We recruited 50 PD patients, including 30 PD-RBD+, 20 PD-RBD-, and 20 HCs. We used functional near infrared spectroscopy during a verbal fluency task (VFT-fNIRS) and clinical neuropsychological assessment to explore the correlation between PD-RBD+ and executive function and changes in neural activity. Results The VFT-fNIRS analysis revealed a significant reduction in activation among PD-RBD+ patients across multiple channels when compared to both the PD-RBD- and HC groups. Specifically, PD-RBD+ patients exhibited diminished activation in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) relative to their PD-RBD- counterparts. Furthermore, compared to the HC group, PD-RBD+ patients displayed reduced activation specifically in the right DLPFC. Significantly, a noteworthy negative correlation was identified between the average change in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (ΔHbO2) in the right DLPFC of PD-RBD+ patients and the severity of their RBD. Conclusion Our study offers compelling evidence that RBD exacerbates cognitive impairment in PD, manifested as executive dysfunction, primarily attributed to reduced prefrontal activation. These aberrations in brain activation may potentially correlate with the severity of RBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tingting Zhou
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhanhua Liang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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13
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Yao ZF, Hsieh S, Yang MH. Exercise habits and mental health: Exploring the significance of multimodal imaging markers. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2023; 286:179-209. [PMID: 38876575 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Engaging in regular physical activity and establishing exercise habits is known to have multifaceted benefits extending beyond physical health to cognitive and mental well-being. This study explores the intricate relationship between exercise habits, brain imaging markers, and mental health outcomes. While extensive evidence supports the positive impact of exercise on cognitive functions and mental health, recent advancements in multimodal imaging techniques provide a new dimension to this exploration. By using a cross-sectional multimodal brain-behavior statistic in participants with different exercise habits, we aim to unveil the intricate mechanisms underlying exercise's influence on cognition and mental health, including the status of depression, anxiety, and quality of life. This integration of exercise science and imaging promises to substantiate cognitive benefits on mental health and uncover functional and structural changes underpinning these effects. This study embarks on a journey to explore the significance of multimodal imaging metrics (i.e., structural and functional metrics) in deciphering the intricate interplay between exercise habits and mental health, enhancing the comprehension of how exercise profoundly shapes psychological well-being. Our analysis of group comparisons uncovered a strong association between regular exercise habits and improved mental well-being, encompassing factors such as depression, anxiety levels, and overall life satisfaction. Additionally, individuals who engaged in exercise displayed enhanced brain metrics across different modalities. These metrics encompassed greater gray matter volume within the left frontal regions and hippocampus, improved white matter integrity in the frontal-occipital fasciculus, as well as more robust functional network configurations in the anterior segments of the default mode network. The interplay between exercise habits, brain adaptations, and mental health outcomes underscores the pivotal role of an active lifestyle in nurturing a resilient and high-functioning brain, thus paving the way for tailored interventions and improved well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zai-Fu Yao
- College of Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan; Research Center for Education and Mind Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan; Basic Psychology Group, Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan; Department of Kinesiology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan.
| | - Shulan Hsieh
- Cognitive Electrophysiology Laboratory, Control, Aging, Sleep, and Emotion (CASE), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan; Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Heng Yang
- Cognitive Electrophysiology Laboratory, Control, Aging, Sleep, and Emotion (CASE), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
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14
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Davies SJ, Gullo HL, Doig E. Efficacy and Feasibility of the CO-OP Approach in Parkinson's Disease: RCT Study Protocol. Can J Occup Ther 2023; 90:363-373. [PMID: 36785891 PMCID: PMC10647899 DOI: 10.1177/00084174231156287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Background. Parkinson's disease (PD) leads to cognitive dysfunction which limits participation and occupational performance. Cognitive Orientation to Daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) approach is effective in other adult neurological populations and warrants investigation in PD. Purpose. To describe a study protocol evaluating the preliminary efficacy and feasibility of CO-OP approach in PD. Method. A randomised controlled trial (RCT) with adults with PD was assigned to either: CO-OP training-intensive (CO-OP-I, 20 sessions) or waitlist control (WLC) followed by CO-OP-standard (CO-OP-S, 10 sessions). Outcomes. Occupational performance and satisfaction of adults with PD in chosen goals. Measures will be obtained at baseline, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up. Implications. As the first RCT focused on CO-OP in PD, this trial will provide evidence for the potential of this approach in PD and lay the groundwork for future large-scale trials. Trial Registration. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials registry, ACTRN12621001483842. Registered November 1, 2021; retrospectively registered 3 months after commencement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Davies
- Sarah J. Davies, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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15
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Mayes WP, Jansari A, Leonard HC. Exploring Executive Functioning of Adults With Probable Developmental Coordination Disorder Using the Jansari Assessment of Executive Functions. Dev Neuropsychol 2023; 48:315-334. [PMID: 37830357 DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2023.2264424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Many individuals with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) demonstrate executive functioning difficulties on standardized assessments, yet these difficulties have not been investigated using ecologically-valid measures. 26 adults with probable DCD (pDCD), and 26 typically developing (TD) adults completed selected background measures and the Jansari assessment of Executive Functions (JEF©). JEF© is an ecologically-valid measure that provides measures of Planning, Prioritization, Selective-Thinking, Creative-Thinking, Adaptive-Thinking, and Action-, Event- and Time-Based Prospective Memory. pDCD participants were impaired relative to TD participants, with difficulties in Planning, Action-, and Event-Based Prospective Memory. These findings are consistent with self-reported difficulty and provide avenues for research investigating intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashok Jansari
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
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16
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Hu X, Luo Y, Qi R, Ge J, Wu L, Dai H, Lan Q, Liu B, Zhang L, Xu Q, Cao Z, Lu G. Altered brain degree centrality and functional connectivity in adults with executive dysfunction after trauma exposure. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2023; 335:111713. [PMID: 37690162 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Losing an only child is undoubtedly a huge blow that can adversely affect the prefrontal lobe, a highly sensitive brain region. Neuropsychological evidence emphasizes that executive function (EF) is closely related to the optimal functioning of the frontal cortex. However, the characteristics and potential mechanisms underlying changes in executive function following the huge shock of losing an only child remain insufficiently studied and understood. In this study, we performed degree centrality (DC) and functional connectivity (FC) analyses to explore the organization of the executive function deficits (EFD) network among adults who have lost their only child. In addition, we performed correlation analyses to establish an association between abnormal DC and FC values and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Finally, we used support vector machine analyses to assess the accuracy of abnormal DC and FC values in distinguishing adults with EFD who have lost their only child from those without EFD. Our findings revealed increased DC in the left superior frontal gyrus and right angular gyrus (ANG), whereas decreased DC in the left superior occipital gyrus among adults with EFD. Further FC analysis revealed that the altered FC primarily involved the prefrontal and temporal lobes and cerebellum. Notably, the altered FC between the right ANG and left inferior temporal gyrus exhibited a negative correlation with irritability symptoms (R = -0.047, p = 0.003) in the EFD group. A combined model incorporating altered DC and FC values enabled the classification of 96.69% of adults with EFD, with a sensitivity of 0.8837 and specificity of 0.9558. These findings provide valuable insights into the neural mechanisms underlying distinct EF statuses following trauma exposure, distinguishing adults with and without EFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Yifeng Luo
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi, China
| | - Rongfeng Qi
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Jiyuan Ge
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi, China
| | - Luoan Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yixing Mental Health Center, Wuxi, China
| | - Huanhuan Dai
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qingyue Lan
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Zhihong Cao
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Guangming Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China.
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17
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Tsolakopoulos D, Kasselimis D, Laskaris N, Angelopoulou G, Papageorgiou G, Velonakis G, Varkanitsa M, Tountopoulou A, Vassilopoulou S, Goutsos D, Potagas C. Exploring Pragmatic Deficits in Relation to Theory of Mind and Executive Functions: Evidence from Individuals with Right Hemisphere Stroke. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1385. [PMID: 37891754 PMCID: PMC10605575 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Research investigating pragmatic deficits in individuals with right hemisphere damage focuses on identifying the potential mechanisms responsible for the nature of these impairments. Nonetheless, the presumed shared cognitive mechanisms that could account for these deficits have not yet been established through data-based evidence from lesion studies. This study aimed to examine the co-occurrence of pragmatic language deficits, Theory of Mind impairments, and executive functions while also exploring their associations with brain lesion sites. Twenty-five patients suffering from unilateral right hemisphere stroke and thirty-seven healthy participants were recruited for this study. The two groups were tested in pragmatics, Theory of Mind, and executive function tasks. Structural imaging data were also obtained for the identification of the lesion sites. The findings of this study suggest a potential convergence among the three aforementioned cognitive mechanisms. Moreover, we postulate a hypothesis for a neural circuitry for communication impairments observed in individuals with right hemisphere damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsolakopoulos
- Neuropsychology and Language Disorders Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 72-74 Vas. Sofias Av., 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kasselimis
- Neuropsychology and Language Disorders Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 72-74 Vas. Sofias Av., 11528 Athens, Greece
- Department of Psychology, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Laskaris
- Neuropsychology and Language Disorders Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 72-74 Vas. Sofias Av., 11528 Athens, Greece
- Department of Industrial Design and Production Engineering, School of Engineering, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Angelopoulou
- Neuropsychology and Language Disorders Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 72-74 Vas. Sofias Av., 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Papageorgiou
- Neuropsychology and Language Disorders Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 72-74 Vas. Sofias Av., 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Velonakis
- Second Department of Radiology, Attikon General University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Varkanitsa
- Center for Brain Recovery, Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Argyro Tountopoulou
- Stroke Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Vassilopoulou
- Stroke Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Dionysis Goutsos
- Department of Linguistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Constantin Potagas
- Neuropsychology and Language Disorders Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 72-74 Vas. Sofias Av., 11528 Athens, Greece
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18
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Moshel ML, Warburton WA, Batchelor J, Bennett JM, Ko KY. Neuropsychological Deficits in Disordered Screen Use Behaviours: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2023:10.1007/s11065-023-09612-4. [PMID: 37695451 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-023-09612-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, excessive and disordered screen use has become more prevalent, prompting investigations into its associated consequences. The extent to which disordered screen use behaviours impact neuropsychological functioning has been reportedly mixed and at times inconsistent. This review sought to synthesise the literature and estimate the magnitude of overall cognitive impairment across a wide range of disordered screen use behaviours. We also sought to determine the cognitive domains most impacted, and whether the observed impairments were moderated by the classification of screen-related behaviours (i.e., Internet or gaming) or the format of cognitive test administration (i.e., paper-and-pencil or computerised). A systematic search of databases (Embase, PsycINFO, MEDLINE) identified 43 cross-sectional articles that assessed neuropsychological performance in disordered screen use populations, 34 of which were included in the meta-analysis. A random-effects meta-analysis revealed significant small/medium (g = .38) cognitive deficits for individuals with disordered screen use behaviours relative to controls. The most affected cognitive domain with a significant medium effect size (g = .50) was attention and focus followed by a significant reduction in executive functioning (g = .31). The classification of disordered screen use behaviours into Internet or gaming categories or the format of cognitive testing did not moderate these deficits. Additionally, excluding disordered social media use in an exploratory analysis had little effect on the observed outcomes. This study highlights a number of methodological considerations that may have contributed to disparate findings and shows that disordered screen use can significantly impact cognitive performance. Recommendations for future research are also discussed. Data for this study can be found at https://osf.io/upeha/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Michoel L Moshel
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Wayne A Warburton
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jennifer Batchelor
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joanne M Bennett
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katherine Y Ko
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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19
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Weinberg H, Baruch Y, Tzameret H, Lavidor M. Cognitive control enhancement in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and neurotypical individuals. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:2381-2392. [PMID: 37624418 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06695-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive control, which has been localized to the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) based on functional imaging and brain lesion studies, is impaired in patients with ADHD. The present study aims to investigate whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the rIFG might improve cognitive control in ADHD subjects. We hypothesized poorer performance in a cognitive control task, but not in a control language task, in the ADHD subjects. Crucially, following tDCS, we expected the ADHD group to improve their cognitive control. In a double-blind randomized control trial, 42 participants performed the stop signal task (SST) to index their cognitive control level and the language task. Half of them were randomly assigned to the anodal stimulation condition and half to the sham stimulation. The anodal or sham stimulation was applied over the right IFG. Following the stimulation, the participants reset the two tasks to see whether stimulation improved the (predicted) weaker performance in the ADHD group. Stimulation significantly enhanced cognitive control for both groups, with or without ADHD, in the SST task, but no significant stimulation effects were found for the control task. tDCS seems as a promising tool to improve cognitive control in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hodaya Weinberg
- The Gonda Brain Research Center and Psychology Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yuval Baruch
- The Gonda Brain Research Center and Psychology Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hila Tzameret
- The Gonda Brain Research Center and Psychology Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Lavidor
- The Gonda Brain Research Center and Psychology Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
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20
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Chen CS, Mueller D, Knep E, Ebitz RB, Grissom NM. Dopamine and norepinephrine differentially mediate the exploration-exploitation tradeoff. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.09.523322. [PMID: 36711959 PMCID: PMC9881999 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.09.523322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The catecholamines dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) have been repeatedly implicated in neuropsychiatric vulnerability, in part via their roles in mediating the decision making processes. Although the two neuromodulators share a synthesis pathway and are co-activated under states of arousal, they engage in distinct circuits and roles in modulating neural activity across the brain. However, in the computational neuroscience literature, they have been assigned similar roles in modulating the latent cognitive processes of decision making, in particular the exploration-exploitation tradeoff. Revealing how each neuromodulator contributes to this explore-exploit process will be important in guiding mechanistic hypotheses emerging from computational psychiatric approaches. To understand the differences and overlaps of the roles of these two catecholamine systems in regulating exploration and exploitation, a direct comparison using the same dynamic decision making task is needed. Here, we ran mice in a restless two-armed bandit task, which encourages both exploration and exploitation. We systemically administered a nonselective DA receptor antagonist (flupenthixol), a nonselective DA receptor agonist (apomorphine), a NE beta-receptor antagonist (propranolol), and a NE beta-receptor agonist (isoproterenol), and examined changes in exploration within subjects across sessions. We found a bidirectional modulatory effect of dopamine receptor activity on the level of exploration. Increasing dopamine activity decreased exploration and decreasing dopamine activity increased exploration. Beta-noradrenergic receptor activity also modulated exploration, but the modulatory effect was mediated by sex. Reinforcement learning model parameters suggested that dopamine modulation affected exploration via decision noise and norepinephrine modulation affected exploration via outcome sensitivity. Together, these findings suggested that the mechanisms that govern the transition between exploration and exploitation are sensitive to changes in both catecholamine functions and revealed differential roles for NE and DA in mediating exploration.
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21
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Gerber M, Cody R, Beck J, Brand S, Donath L, Eckert A, Faude O, Hatzinger M, Imboden C, Kreppke JN, Lang UE, Mans S, Mikoteit T, Oswald A, Schweinfurth-Keck N, Zahner L, Ludyga S. Differences in Selective Attention and Inhibitory Control in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder and Healthy Controls Who Do Not Engage in Sufficient Physical Activity. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12103370. [PMID: 37240475 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) are characterized by neurocognitive impairments and show deficits in various cognitive performance indicators, including executive function. We examined whether sustained attention and inhibitory control differ between patients with MDD and healthy controls, and whether differences exist between patients with mild, moderate, and severe depression. METHODS Clinical in-patients (N = 212) aged 18-65 years with a current diagnosis of MDD and 128 healthy controls were recruited. Depression severity was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory, and sustained attention and inhibitory control were assessed using the oddball and flanker tasks. The use of these tasks promises insights into executive function in depressive patients that are not biased by verbal skills. Group differences were tested via analyses of covariance. RESULTS Patients with MDD showed slower reaction times in both the oddball and flanker task, independent of the executive demands of the trial types. Younger participants achieved shorter reaction times in both inhibitory control tasks. After correcting for age, education, smoking, BMI, and nationality, only differences in reaction times in the oddball task were statistically significant. In contrast, reaction times were not sensitive to the symptom severity of depression. CONCLUSION Our results corroborate deficits in basic information processing and specific impairments in higher-order cognitive processes in MDD patients. As difficulties in executive function underlie problems in planning, initiating, and completing goal-directed activities, they may jeopardize in-patient treatment and contribute to the recurrent nature of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Gerber
- Department for Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robyn Cody
- Department for Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Beck
- Psychiatric Clinic Sonnenhalde, 4125 Riehen, Switzerland
| | - Serge Brand
- Department for Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
- Adult Psychiatric Clinics (UPKE), University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851115, Iran
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 1419733141, Iran
| | - Lars Donath
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne Eckert
- Adult Psychiatric Clinics (UPKE), University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Faude
- Department for Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hatzinger
- Psychiatric Services Solothurn, University of Basel, 4503 Solothurn, Switzerland
| | | | - Jan-Niklas Kreppke
- Department for Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Undine E Lang
- Adult Psychiatric Clinics (UPKE), University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Mans
- Private Clinic Wyss, 3053 Münchenbuchsee, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Mikoteit
- Psychiatric Services Solothurn, University of Basel, 4503 Solothurn, Switzerland
| | - Anja Oswald
- Psychiatric Clinic Sonnenhalde, 4125 Riehen, Switzerland
| | | | - Lukas Zahner
- Department for Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Ludyga
- Department for Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
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22
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Hao J, Pang Y, Liu Y, Jing Y, Li J, Mi R, Zheng M. The Relationship between Formal Music Training and Conflict Control: An ERP Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050723. [PMID: 37239195 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Music training involves manifolds of sensorimotor processes that tie closely with executive functions, including conflict control. Past studies have found consistent evidence in children of the link between music learning and executive functions. However, the same relationship has not been found in adult populations, and conflict control has yet to be studied in a focused manner. Via the Stroop task and event-related potentials (ERPs), the present study examined the association between musical training and conflict control ability among Chinese college students. The findings exhibited that individuals with music training outperformed individuals without music training by demonstrating higher accuracy and faster reaction times on the Stroop task and exhibiting greater N2 and smaller P3 amplitudes compared to the control group. The results support our hypothesis that people who received music training demonstrate advantages in their capacity for conflict control. The findings also provide scope for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Hao
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Vocational College of Culture and Arts, Chongqing 400067, China
- School of Music, Southwest University, Chongqing 400799, China
| | - Yazhi Pang
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuanluo Jing
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- Chongqing Municipal Educational Examinations Authority, Chongqing 401126, China
| | - Ruochuan Mi
- Chongqing Vocational College of Culture and Arts, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Maoping Zheng
- School of Music, Southwest University, Chongqing 400799, China
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23
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Di Domenico D, Mapelli L. Dopaminergic Modulation of Prefrontal Cortex Inhibition. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051276. [PMID: 37238947 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex is the highest stage of integration in the mammalian brain. Its functions vary greatly, from working memory to decision-making, and are primarily related to higher cognitive functions. This explains the considerable effort devoted to investigating this area, revealing the complex molecular, cellular, and network organization, and the essential role of various regulatory controls. In particular, the dopaminergic modulation and the impact of local interneurons activity are critical for prefrontal cortex functioning, controlling the excitatory/inhibitory balance and the overall network processing. Though often studied separately, the dopaminergic and GABAergic systems are deeply intertwined in influencing prefrontal network processing. This mini review will focus on the dopaminergic modulation of GABAergic inhibition, which plays a significant role in shaping prefrontal cortex activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila Di Domenico
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lisa Mapelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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24
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Chandrasekaran J, Jacquez B, Wilson J, Brigman JL. Reinforcer value moderates the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on learning and reversal. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1147536. [PMID: 37179543 PMCID: PMC10166816 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1147536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) are the leading cause of preventable developmental disability and are commonly characterized by alterations in executive function. Reversal learning tasks are reliable, cross-species methods for testing a frequently impaired aspect of executive control, behavioral flexibility. Pre-clinical studies commonly require the use of reinforcers to motivate animals to learn and perform the task. While there are several reinforcers available, the most commonly employed are solid (food pellets) and liquid (sweetened milk) rewards. Previous studies have examined the effects of different solid rewards or liquid dietary content on learning in instrumental responding and found that rodents on liquid reward with higher caloric content performed better with increased response and task acquisition rate. The influence of reinforcer type on reversal learning and how this interacts with developmental insults such as prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) has not been explored. Methods We tested whether reinforcer type during learning or reversal would impact an established deficit in PAE mice. Results We found that all male and female mice on liquid reward, regardless of prenatal exposure were better motivated to learn task behaviors during pre-training. Consistent with previous findings, both male and female PAE mice and Saccharine control mice were able to learn the initial stimulus reward associations irrespective of the reinforcer type. During the initial reversal phase, male PAE mice that received pellet rewards exhibited maladaptive perseverative responding whereas male mice that received liquid rewards performed comparable to their control counterparts. Female PAE mice that received either reinforcer types did not exhibit any deficits on behavioral flexibility. Female saccharine control mice that received liquid, but not pellet, rewards showed increased perseverative responding during the early reversal phase. Discussion These data suggest that reinforcer type can have a major impact on motivation, and therefore performance, during reversal learning. Highly motivating rewards may mask behavioral deficits seen with more moderately sought rewards and gestational exposure to the non-caloric sweetener, saccharine, can impact behavior motivated by those reinforcers in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayapriya Chandrasekaran
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Belkis Jacquez
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- New Mexico Alcohol Research Center, UNM Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jennifer Wilson
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jonathan L. Brigman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- New Mexico Alcohol Research Center, UNM Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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25
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Deng F, Taylor N, Owen AM, Cusack R, Naci L. Responsiveness variability during anaesthesia relates to inherent differences in brain structure and function of the frontoparietal networks. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:2142-2157. [PMID: 36617994 PMCID: PMC10028637 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaesthesia combined with functional neuroimaging provides a powerful approach for understanding the brain mechanisms of consciousness. Although propofol is used ubiquitously in clinical interventions that reversibly suppress consciousness, it shows large inter-individual variability, and the brain bases of this variability remain poorly understood. We asked whether three networks key to conscious cognition-the dorsal attention (DAN), executive control (ECN), and default mode (DMN)-underlie responsiveness variability under anaesthesia. Healthy participants (N = 17) were moderately anaesthetized during narrative understanding and resting-state conditions inside the Magnetic Resonance Imaging scanner. A target detection task measured behavioural responsiveness. An independent behavioural study (N = 25) qualified the attention demands of narrative understanding. Then, 30% of participants were unaffected in their response times, thus thwarting a key aim of anaesthesia-the suppression of behavioural responsiveness. Individuals with stronger functional connectivity within the DAN and ECN, between them, and to the DMN, and with larger grey matter volume in frontal regions were more resilient to anaesthesia. For the first time, we show that responsiveness variability during propofol anaesthesia relates to inherent differences in brain structure and function of the frontoparietal networks, which can be predicted prior to sedation. Results highlight novel markers for improving awareness monitoring during clinical anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Deng
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicola Taylor
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adrian M Owen
- Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Rhodri Cusack
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lorina Naci
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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26
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Lopes-Santos LE, de Angelis G, Nakano FN, Thome U, Velasco TR, Santos MV, Machado HR, Hamad APA, Sakamoto AC, Wichert-Ana L. Executive functioning in children with posterior cortex epilepsy compared to temporal and frontal lobe epilepsies. Epilepsy Res 2023; 192:107141. [PMID: 37062183 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2023.107141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE People with epilepsy are at an increased risk of experiencing executive dysfunction, particularly those with frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE). The literature has also demonstrated alterations in executive functioning (EF) in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, few studies have examined the neuropsychological profile of posterior cortex epilepsy (PCE), and little attention has been given to cognitive impairments in the pediatric population with PCE. This study aims to investigate EF performance in children with drug-resistant PCE compared to patients with FLE and TLE. METHODS We analyzed neuropsychological data from 217 patients aged 6-18 years who underwent preoperative evaluation for epilepsy surgery. The EF of patients with PCE was compared to patients with FLE and TLE. RESULTS There was no significant difference in Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) means between groups. However, we found a significant effect of brain region on the Coding task, in which patients with PCE and FLE performed worse than those with TLE (p = 0.034). We also observed performance differences between groups on the Stroop test (p = 0.005), with patients with PCE and FLE performing worse than the TLE group. SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that children with PCE have alterations in their EF that are similar to the deficits found in FLE compared to patients with TLE. This emphasizes the importance of understanding the neuroanatomy of executive functions and the model of neural networks extending beyond the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Emmanuel Lopes-Santos
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Epilepsy Surgery Center (CIREP), Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Geisa de Angelis
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Epilepsy Surgery Center (CIREP), Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Frederico Nakane Nakano
- Epilepsy Surgery Center (CIREP), Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ursula Thome
- Epilepsy Surgery Center (CIREP), Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tonicarlo Rodrigues Velasco
- Epilepsy Surgery Center (CIREP), Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Volpon Santos
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Hélio Rubens Machado
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Andrade Hamad
- Epilepsy Surgery Center (CIREP), Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Américo Ceiki Sakamoto
- Epilepsy Surgery Center (CIREP), Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lauro Wichert-Ana
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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27
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How processing emotion affects language control in bilinguals. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:635-649. [PMID: 36585969 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02608-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Research has shown that several variables affect language control among bilingual speakers but the effect of affective processing remains unexplored. Chinese-English bilinguals participated in a novel prime-target language switching experiment in which they first judged the affective valence (i.e., positive or negative) of auditorily presented words and then named pictures with neutral emotional valence in either the same (non-switch trial) or different language (switch trial). Brain activity was monitored using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The behavioral performance showed that the typical switch cost (i.e., the calculated difference between switch and non-switch trials) emerged after processing positive words but not after negative words. Brain imaging demonstrated that processing negative words immediately before non-switch picturing naming trials (but not for switch trials) increased activation in brain areas associated with domain-general cognitive control. The opposite patterns were found after processing positive words. These findings suggest that an (emotional) negative priming effect is induced by spontaneous exposure to negative words and that these priming effects may be triggered by reactive emotional processing and that they may interact with higher level cognitive functions.
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28
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Sidat SM, Giannakopoulou A, Hand CJ, Ingram J. Dual-task decrements in mono-, bi- and multilingual participants: Evidence for multilingual advantage. Laterality 2023:1-23. [PMID: 36803667 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2023.2178061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that language processing in bilinguals is less left-lateralized than in monolinguals. We explored dual-task decrement (DTD) for mono-, bi- and multilinguals in a verbal-motor dual-task paradigm. We expected monolinguals to show greater DTD than bilingual participants, who would show greater DTD than multilingual participants. Fifty right-handed participants (18 monolingual, 16 bilingual, 16 multilingual) completed verbal fluency and manual motor tasks in isolation and concurrently. Tasks were completed twice in isolation (left-handed, right-handed) and twice as dual-tasks (left-handed, right-handed); participants' motor-executing hands served proxy for hemispheric activation. Results supported the hypotheses. Completing dual-tasks incurred greater cost for manual motor tasks than for verbal fluency tasks. Negative cost of performing dual-tasks diminished as number of languages spoken increased; in fact, multilingual individuals demonstrated a dual-task advantage in both tasks when using the right hand, strongest in the verbal task. Dual-tasking had the greatest negative impact on verbal fluency of monolingual participants when the motor task was completed with the right hand; for bi- and multi-lingual participants, the greatest negative impact on verbal fluency was seen when the motor task was completed with the left hand. Results provide support for the bi-lateralization of language function in bi- and multilingual individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joanne Ingram
- Division of Psychology, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
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29
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Pereira DJ, Sayal A, Pereira J, Morais S, Macedo A, Direito B, Castelo-Branco M. Neurofeedback-dependent influence of the ventral striatum using a working memory paradigm targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1014223. [PMID: 36844653 PMCID: PMC9947361 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1014223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Executive functions and motivation have been established as key aspects for neurofeedback success. However, task-specific influence of cognitive strategies is scarcely explored. In this study, we test the ability to modulate the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a strong candidate for clinical application of neurofeedback in several disorders with dysexecutive syndrome, and investigate how feedback contributes to better performance in a single session. Participants of both neurofeedback (n = 17) and sham-control (n = 10) groups were able to modulate DLPFC in most runs (with or without feedback) while performing a working memory imagery task. However, activity in the target area was higher and more sustained in the active group when receiving feedback. Furthermore, we found increased activity in the nucleus accumbens in the active group, compared with a predominantly negative response along the block in participants receiving sham feedback. Moreover, they acknowledged the non-contingency between imagery and feedback, reflecting the impact on motivation. This study reinforces DLPFC as a robust target for neurofeedback clinical implementations and enhances the critical influence of the ventral striatum, both poised to achieve success in the self-regulation of brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Jardim Pereira
- Neurorradiology Functional Area, Imaging Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal,Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Sayal
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Siemens Healthineers Portugal, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Pereira
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sofia Morais
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Psychiatry Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Macedo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Psychiatry Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Direito
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,IATV—Instituto do Ambiente, Tecnologia e Vida (IATV), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,*Correspondence: Miguel Castelo-Branco
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Ha JY, Park HJ. Effects of mobile-based cognitive interventions for the cognitive function in the community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 104:104829. [PMID: 36215779 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive interventions that can be operated using mobile gadgets could facilitate the maintenance and improvement in the cognitive function of the community-dwelling elderly. The aims of this study was to estimate influences for mobile-based cognitive interventions in the community-dwelling elderly. A systematic literature search were conducted using various databases such as the Cochrane Library, PubMed, the Excerpta Medica Database, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Published articles up to August 2021 were searched without period limit. Integrated and analyzed RCTs' results that identified the effects of mobile-based cognitive interventions on the cognitive function of community-dwelling older adults with normal cognitive function. A meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.3 version. The methodological quality was assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. Registered with PROSPERO, the registration number is CRD42021268788. Overall, 6 randomized controlled trials identified from 400 articles were included in meta-analysis. The mobile-based cognitive interventions were found to have a significant effect on the short-term memory [standardized mean difference(SMD)= 0.22; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.13,0.32; p<.001; I²=0%], working memory (SMD=0.70; 95% CI=0.02,1.37; p=.040; I²=81%), reasoning (SMD=0.27; 95% CI=0.11,0.42; p<.001; I²=25%), and executive function (SMD=0.62; 95% CI=0.09,1.16; p=.020; I²=0%). Finally, Egger's regression test and a funnel plot were conducted to examine publication bias; however, there was no significant bias. The mobile-based cognitive interventions had significantly affirmative effect on the older adults' executive function, reasoning, short-term memory, and working memory. Such programs may be employed as a supportive or an alternative method for improving their cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Young Ha
- College of Nursing, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Park
- College of Nursing, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, South Korea.
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31
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Renugasundari M, Velkumary S, Parameswaran S, Nanda N, Fredrick J. Comparison of P300 Cognitive-evoked Potentials and Visual and Auditory Reaction Time in Stage 5 Chronic Kidney Disease Patients on Different Treatment Modalities. SAUDI JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES AND TRANSPLANTATION 2023; 34:42-50. [PMID: 38092715 DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.391001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at a higher risk of cognitive impairment. Poor quality of life and decreased compliance are frequently observed with cognitive decline among CKD patients. Cognitive impairment among Stage 5 CKD patients varies with different modalities of treatment, and contradicting results have been reported. Fifty-four medically stable Stage 5 CKD patients undergoing different modalities of treatment were recruited: Patients with Stage 5 CKD on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) (n = 18), continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) (n = 18), and conservative management (CM) (n = 18). Eighteen apparently healthy participants were recruited as a control group. The cognitive functions assessed were P300 event- related potential, auditory and visual reaction times (VRTs). Kidney function was assessed by serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Creatinine levels were significantly higher in all three treatment groups compared with the control group. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant association between the CKD groups (n = 54) and the parameters of cognitive function. P300 latency was prolonged in all treatment groups compared with the control group and was significantly prolonged in patients on CM compared with HD and CAPD patients. The VRT of CM patients was found to be significantly higher compared with the control group. The auditory reaction time was significantly prolonged in all treatment groups compared with the control group and in the CM group compared with the CAPD group. Cognitive function was more affected in Stage 5 CKD patients on CM compared with patients undergoing HD or CAPD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Subramaniyam Velkumary
- Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, West Bengal, India
| | - Sreejith Parameswaran
- Department of Nephrology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, West Bengal, India
| | - Nivedita Nanda
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, West Bengal, India
| | - Jean Fredrick
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
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32
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Chiang SK, Liu WY, Hu TM. The effect of computerized working memory training on working memory and emotion perception for patients with chronic schizophrenia and normal cognition. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2022:1-9. [PMID: 36576049 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2159825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment and affective symptoms are hallmark features of patients with schizophrenia. This study determines whether a computerized working memory training program improves the patient's working memory and affective perception. METHODS Thirty-nine male patients with schizophrenia, aged 25-65, participated in this study. The study uses a single-blind randomized controlled design. Twenty subjects were assigned to the experimental group and received an eight-week working memory computerized training course comprising four modules of the CogniPlus system. Nineteen subjects were assigned to the control group and received treatment as usual. All subjects received the same assessments twice, including the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Working Memory Index (WMI) of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition, and the subjective rating of pictures of the International affective picture system by Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM). RESULTS This study shows that computerized working memory training improves WMI and the score for MMSE and produces a significant increase in the pleasure score for S.A.M. for negative pictures, between the pretest and post-test for the experimental group. CONCLUSIONS Working memory training improves working memory and emotion perception for patients with chronic schizophrenia and normal cognition. The limitations of this study and suggestions for future study are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wan-Yu Liu
- Chung Shan Medical Rehabilitative Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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33
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Schmitt LM, Li J, Liu R, Horn PS, Sweeney JA, Erickson CA, Pedapati EV. Altered frontal connectivity as a mechanism for executive function deficits in fragile X syndrome. Mol Autism 2022; 13:47. [PMID: 36494861 PMCID: PMC9733336 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-022-00527-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the leading inherited monogenic cause of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. Executive function (EF), necessary for adaptive goal-oriented behavior and dependent on frontal lobe function, is impaired in individuals with FXS. Yet, little is known how alterations in frontal lobe neural activity is related to EF deficits in FXS. METHODS Sixty-one participants with FXS (54% males) and 71 age- and sex-matched typically-developing controls (TDC; 58% males) completed a five-minute resting state electroencephalography (EEG) protocol and a computerized battery of tests of EF, the Test of Attentional Performance for Children (KiTAP). Following source localization (minimum-norm estimate), we computed debiased weighted phase lag index (dWPLI), a phase connectivity value, for pairings between 18 nodes in frontal regions for gamma (30-55 Hz) and alpha (10.5-12.5 Hz) bands. Linear models were generated with fixed factors of group, sex, frequency, and connection. Relationships between frontal connectivity and EF variables also were examined. RESULTS Individuals with FXS demonstrated increased gamma band and reduced alpha band connectivity across all frontal regions and across hemispheres compared to TDC. After controlling for nonverbal IQ, increased error rates on EF tasks were associated with increased gamma band and reduced alpha band connectivity. LIMITATIONS Frontal connectivity findings are limited to intrinsic brain activity during rest and may not generalize to frontal connectivity during EF tasks or everyday function. CONCLUSIONS We report gamma hyper-connectivity and alpha hypo-connectivity within source-localized frontal brain regions in FXS compared to TDC during resting-state EEG. For the first time in FXS, we report significant associations between EF and altered frontal connectivity, with increased error rate relating to increased gamma band connectivity and reduced alpha band connectivity. These findings suggest increased phase connectivity within gamma band may impair EF performance, whereas greater alpha band connectivity may provide compensatory support for EF. Together, these findings provide important insight into neurophysiological mechanisms of EF deficits in FXS and provide novel targets for treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Schmitt
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 4002, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA ,grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Joy Li
- grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Rui Liu
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 4002, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA
| | - Paul S. Horn
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 4002, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA ,grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - John A. Sweeney
- grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Craig A. Erickson
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 4002, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA ,grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Ernest V. Pedapati
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 4002, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA ,grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
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Involvement of executive control in neural capacity related to working memory in aging: an ERP P300 study. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 22:1311-1333. [PMID: 35680698 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-022-01018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Executive control could be involved in neural capacity, which corresponds to the modulation of neural activity with increased task difficulty. Thus, by exploring the P300-an electrophysiological correlate of working memory-we examined the role played by executive control in both the age-related decline in working memory and neural capacity in aging. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while younger and older participants performed a Sternberg task with two set sizes (2 vs. 6 items), allowing us to calculate a neural capacity index. Participants also completed two control tasks (Stroop and 3-back tests), which were used to calculate a composite executive control index. Results indicated that working memory performance decreased with aging and difficulty. At the neural level, results indicated that the P300 amplitude varied with aging and also with task difficulty. In the low difficulty condition, frontal P300 amplitude was higher for older than for younger adults, whereas in the high difficulty condition, the amplitude of frontal and parietal P300 did not differ between both age groups. Results also suggest that task difficulty led to a decrease in parietal amplitude in both age groups and to an increase in frontal amplitude in younger but not older adults. Both executive control and frontal neural capacity mediated the age-related variance in working memory for older adults. Moreover, executive control mediated the age-related variance in the frontal neural capacity of older adults. Thus, the present study suggests a model for older adults in which executive control deficits with advancing age lead to less efficient frontal recruitment to cope with task difficulty (neural capacity), which in turn has a negative impact on working memory functioning.
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Kazemi-Harikandei SZ, Shobeiri P, Salmani Jelodar MR, Tavangar SM. Effective connectivity in individuals with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review. NEUROSCIENCE INFORMATICS 2022; 2:100104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuri.2022.100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
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Wei W, Yi X, Wu Z, Ruan J, Luo H, Duan X. Acute improvement in the attention network with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in Parkinson's disease. Disabil Rehabil 2022; 44:7958-7966. [PMID: 34787046 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.2004245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of two weeks of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the attention network in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty PD patients were randomly divided into equal-sized active- and sham-rTMS groups. Executive function was assessed by neuropsychological tests including the Trail-Making Test (TMT), word fluency test, digit span, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Stroop test. The attention network was evaluated by the attention network test (ANT). rTMS (5 Hz) was applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in the active-rTMS group, and the sham-rTMS group underwent sham stimulation, both for two weeks. All tests were performed before and after rTMS. RESULTS After active rTMS, nonparametric analysis revealed significant improvements in categories completed (CC) (p < 0.001) in the WCST and reaction times (RTs) in part 3 (p = 0.002) and the Stroop interference effect (SIE) (p < 0.001) in the Stroop test. Regarding the ANT, the RTs of the executive control network were significantly reduced (p < 0.001). There was no significant change after sham rTMS. CONCLUSIONS In the short term, in PD patients, rTMS improved the executive control network involved in resolving conflicting information. However, it showed milder effects on neuropsychological test outcomes assessing executive function, which may involve different neuromechanisms.Implications for rehabilitationCognitive impairment is common in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and it is related to functional disability and reduced quality of life.Attention is a main component of the cognitive system, and attention deficits are responsible for disability.This study demonstrates that rTMS is beneficial for cognitive rehabilitation in PD, as patients showed improved performance on the attention network test and neuropsychological tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xingyang Yi
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Zexiu Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianghai Ruan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hua Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Duan
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Fleury L, Koch PJ, Wessel MJ, Bonvin C, San Millan D, Constantin C, Vuadens P, Adolphsen J, Cadic Melchior A, Brügger J, Beanato E, Ceroni M, Menoud P, De Leon Rodriguez D, Zufferey V, Meyer NH, Egger P, Harquel S, Popa T, Raffin E, Girard G, Thiran JP, Vaney C, Alvarez V, Turlan JL, Mühl A, Léger B, Morishita T, Micera S, Blanke O, Van De Ville D, Hummel FC. Toward individualized medicine in stroke—The TiMeS project: Protocol of longitudinal, multi-modal, multi-domain study in stroke. Front Neurol 2022; 13:939640. [PMID: 36226086 PMCID: PMC9549862 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.939640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent improvements, complete motor recovery occurs in <15% of stroke patients. To improve the therapeutic outcomes, there is a strong need to tailor treatments to each individual patient. However, there is a lack of knowledge concerning the precise neuronal mechanisms underlying the degree and course of motor recovery and its individual differences, especially in the view of brain network properties despite the fact that it became more and more clear that stroke is a network disorder. The TiMeS project is a longitudinal exploratory study aiming at characterizing stroke phenotypes of a large, representative stroke cohort through an extensive, multi-modal and multi-domain evaluation. The ultimate goal of the study is to identify prognostic biomarkers allowing to predict the individual degree and course of motor recovery and its underlying neuronal mechanisms paving the way for novel interventions and treatment stratification for the individual patients. A total of up to 100 patients will be assessed at 4 timepoints over the first year after the stroke: during the first (T1) and third (T2) week, then three (T3) and twelve (T4) months after stroke onset. To assess underlying mechanisms of recovery with a focus on network analyses and brain connectivity, we will apply synergistic state-of-the-art systems neuroscience methods including functional, diffusion, and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and electrophysiological evaluation based on transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) coupled with electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG). In addition, an extensive, multi-domain neuropsychological evaluation will be performed at each timepoint, covering all sensorimotor and cognitive domains. This project will significantly add to the understanding of underlying mechanisms of motor recovery with a strong focus on the interactions between the motor and other cognitive domains and multimodal network analyses. The population-based, multi-dimensional dataset will serve as a basis to develop biomarkers to predict outcome and promote personalized stratification toward individually tailored treatment concepts using neuro-technologies, thus paving the way toward personalized precision medicine approaches in stroke rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Fleury
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute (INX) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), EPFL, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, INX and BMI, EPFL Valais, Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Philipp J. Koch
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute (INX) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), EPFL, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, INX and BMI, EPFL Valais, Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, Sion, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Maximilian J. Wessel
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute (INX) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), EPFL, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, INX and BMI, EPFL Valais, Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, Sion, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and Julius-Maximilians-University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andéol Cadic Melchior
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute (INX) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), EPFL, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, INX and BMI, EPFL Valais, Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Julia Brügger
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute (INX) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), EPFL, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, INX and BMI, EPFL Valais, Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Elena Beanato
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute (INX) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), EPFL, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, INX and BMI, EPFL Valais, Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Martino Ceroni
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute (INX) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), EPFL, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, INX and BMI, EPFL Valais, Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Pauline Menoud
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute (INX) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), EPFL, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, INX and BMI, EPFL Valais, Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Diego De Leon Rodriguez
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, INX and BMI, EPFL Valais, Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Zufferey
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, INX and BMI, EPFL Valais, Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie H. Meyer
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, INX and BMI, EPFL, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philip Egger
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute (INX) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), EPFL, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, INX and BMI, EPFL Valais, Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Harquel
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute (INX) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), EPFL, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, INX and BMI, EPFL Valais, Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Traian Popa
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute (INX) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), EPFL, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, INX and BMI, EPFL Valais, Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Estelle Raffin
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute (INX) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), EPFL, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, INX and BMI, EPFL Valais, Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Girard
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS5), EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Philippe Thiran
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS5), EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Andreas Mühl
- Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, Sion, Switzerland
| | | | - Takuya Morishita
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute (INX) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), EPFL, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, INX and BMI, EPFL Valais, Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Silvestro Micera
- The Biorobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational Neuroengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, INX and BMI, EPFL, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Geneva (UNIGE), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Medical Image Processing Lab, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Institute of Bioengineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva (UNIGE), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Friedhelm C. Hummel
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute (INX) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), EPFL, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, INX and BMI, EPFL Valais, Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, Sion, Switzerland
- Clinical Neuroscience, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Friedhelm C. Hummel
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Li Y, Liu H, Yu H, Yang H, Guo M, Cao C, Pang H, Liu Y, Cao K, Fan G. Alterations of voxel-wise spontaneous activity and corresponding brain functional networks in multiple system atrophy patients with mild cognitive impairment. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 44:403-417. [PMID: 36073537 PMCID: PMC9842910 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has indicated that cognitive impairment is an underrecognized feature of multiple system atrophy (MSA). Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is related to a high risk of dementia. However, the mechanism underlying MCI in MSA remains controversial. In this study, we conducted the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analyses to detect the characteristics of local neural activity and corresponding network alterations in MSA patients with MCI (MSA-MCI). We enrolled 80 probable MSA patients classified as cognitively normal (MSA-NC, n = 36) and MSA-MCI (n = 44) and 40 healthy controls. Compared with MSA-NC, MSA-MCI exhibited decreased ALFF in the right dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (RDLPFC) and increased ALFF in the right cerebellar lobule IX and lobule IV-V. In the secondary FC analyses, decreased FC in the left inferior parietal lobe (IPL) was observed when we set the RDLPFC as the seed region. Decreased FC in the bilateral cuneus, left precuneus, and left IPL and increased FC in the right middle temporal gyrus were shown when we set the right cerebellar lobule IX as the seed region. Furthermore, FC of DLPFC-IPL and cerebello-cerebral circuit, as well as ALFF alterations, were significantly correlated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores in MSA patients. We also employed whole-brain voxel-based morphometry analysis, but no gray matter atrophy was detected between the patient subgroups. Our findings indicate that altered spontaneous activity in the DLPFC and the cerebellum and disrupted DLPFC-IPL, cerebello-cerebral networks are possible biomarkers of early cognitive decline in MSA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Li
- Department of Radiology, The First HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Hu Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Hongmei Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Huaguang Yang
- Department of Radiology, Renmin HospitalWuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Miaoran Guo
- Department of Radiology, The First HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Chenghao Cao
- Department of Radiology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Huize Pang
- Department of Radiology, The First HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Kaiqiang Cao
- Department of Radiology, The First HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Guoguang Fan
- Department of Radiology, The First HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
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Zheng L, Pang Q, Xu H, Guo H, Liu R, Wang T. The Neurobiological Links between Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury: A Review of Research to Date. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179519. [PMID: 36076917 PMCID: PMC9455169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological dysfunctions commonly occur after mild or moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although most TBI patients recover from such a dysfunction in a short period of time, some present with persistent neurological deficits. Stress is a potential factor that is involved in recovery from neurological dysfunction after TBI. However, there has been limited research on the effects and mechanisms of stress on neurological dysfunctions due to TBI. In this review, we first investigate the effects of TBI and stress on neurological dysfunctions and different brain regions, such as the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus. We then explore the neurobiological links and mechanisms between stress and TBI. Finally, we summarize the findings related to stress biomarkers and probe the possible diagnostic and therapeutic significance of stress combined with mild or moderate TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexin Zheng
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qiuyu Pang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hanmu Guo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Forensic Medicine, Key Lab of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, China (Academy of Forensic Science), Shanghai 200063, China
- Correspondence:
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Daigle KM, Pietrzykowski MO, Waters AB, Swenson LP, Gansler DA. Central Executive Network and Executive Function in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease and Healthy Individuals: Meta-Analysis of Structural and Functional MRI. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 34:204-213. [PMID: 35272491 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20110279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The neural architecture of executive function is of interest given its utility as a transdiagnostic predictor of adaptive functioning. However, a gap exists in the meta-analytic literature assessing this relationship in neuropsychiatric populations, concordance between structural and functional architecture, and the relationship with neuropsychological assessment of executive function. Given the importance of the central executive network (CEN) in Alzheimer's disease, this population may be useful in understanding this relationship in Alzheimer's disease pathology. METHODS A meta-analysis of studies (k=21) was conducted to elucidate the relationship between executive function and CEN for structural architecture (k=10; N=1,027) among patients with Alzheimer's disease (k=6; N=250) and healthy control subjects (HCs) (k=4; N=777) and for functional architecture (k=11; N=522) among patients with Alzheimer's disease (k=6; N=306) and HCs (k=5; N=216). Random-effects modeling was used to increase accuracy of conclusions about population means. RESULTS Analyses revealed a positive brain-behavior relationship (pr=0.032, 95% CI=0.07, 0.54), although there was a lack of statistically significant heterogeneity between functional and structural neuroimaging (Q=9.89, p=0.971, I2=0.00%) and between the Alzheimer's and HC groups in functional (Q=8.18, p=0.612, I2=0.00%) and structural (Q=1.60, p=0.996, I2=0.00%) neuroimaging. Similarly, a lack of statistically significant heterogeneity was revealed between functional and structural neuroimaging among patients with Alzheimer's disease (Q=3.59, p=0.980, I2=0.00%) and HCs (Q=3.67, p=0.885, I2=0.00%). CONCLUSIONS Structural and functional imaging in the CEN are predictive of executive function performance among patients with Alzheimer's disease and HCs. Regardless of how the CEN is affected, behavior is correlated to the degree to which the CEN is affected. Findings are significant in the context of methodological decisions in multimodal neuroimaging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina M Daigle
- Clinical Neuroscience of Cognitive Control Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Suffolk University, Boston (Daigle, Pietrzykowski, Waters, Gansler); and Department of Psychology, Suffolk University, Boston (Swenson)
| | - Malvina O Pietrzykowski
- Clinical Neuroscience of Cognitive Control Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Suffolk University, Boston (Daigle, Pietrzykowski, Waters, Gansler); and Department of Psychology, Suffolk University, Boston (Swenson)
| | - Abigail B Waters
- Clinical Neuroscience of Cognitive Control Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Suffolk University, Boston (Daigle, Pietrzykowski, Waters, Gansler); and Department of Psychology, Suffolk University, Boston (Swenson)
| | - Lance P Swenson
- Clinical Neuroscience of Cognitive Control Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Suffolk University, Boston (Daigle, Pietrzykowski, Waters, Gansler); and Department of Psychology, Suffolk University, Boston (Swenson)
| | - David A Gansler
- Clinical Neuroscience of Cognitive Control Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Suffolk University, Boston (Daigle, Pietrzykowski, Waters, Gansler); and Department of Psychology, Suffolk University, Boston (Swenson)
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Executive Function-Related Improvements on a Commercial CBT-Based Weight Management Intervention: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148763. [PMID: 35886615 PMCID: PMC9320503 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Executive functioning is a key component involved in many of the processes necessary for effective weight management behavior change (e.g., setting goals). Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and third-wave CBT (e.g., mindfulness) are considered first-line treatments for obesity, but it is unknown to what extent they can improve or sustain executive functioning in a generalized weight management intervention. This pilot randomized controlled trial examined if a CBT-based generalized weight management intervention would affect executive functioning and executive function-related brain activity in individuals with obesity or overweight. Participants were randomized to an intervention condition (N = 24) that received the Noom Weight program or to a control group (N = 26) receiving weekly educational newsletters. EEG measurements were taken during Flanker, Stroop, and N-back tasks at baseline and months 1 through 4. After 4 months, the intervention condition evidenced greater accuracy over time on the Flanker and Stroop tasks and, to a lesser extent, neural markers of executive function compared to the control group. The intervention condition also lost more weight than controls (−7.1 pounds vs. +1.0 pounds). Given mixed evidence on whether weight management interventions, particularly CBT-based weight management interventions, are associated with changes in markers of executive function, this pilot study contributes preliminary evidence that a multicomponent CBT-based weight management intervention (i.e., that which provides both support for weight management and is based on CBT) can help individuals sustain executive function over 4 months compared to controls.
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Variability of Reaction Time as a Marker of Executive Function Impairments in Fibromyalgia. Behav Neurol 2022; 2022:1821684. [PMID: 35846978 PMCID: PMC9277204 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1821684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to chronic widespread pain and depression and anxiety symptoms, patients with fibromyalgia frequently experience cognitive problems. This study investigated executive functions in fibromyalgia via a Go/No-Go task. To obtain comprehensive information about performance, traditional and ex-Gaussian parameters of reaction time (RT) variability were used, in addition to speed and accuracy indices. Ex-Gaussian parameters show an excellent fit to empirical RT distributions. Fifty-two female fibromyalgia patients and twenty-eight healthy controls participated. The task included 60 visual stimuli, which participants had to respond to (Go stimuli) or withhold the response to (No-Go stimuli). After 30 trials, the task rule changed, such that previous No-Go stimuli had to be responded to. Performance was indexed by the hit rate, false alarm rate, and mean (M) and intraindividual standard deviation (SD) of RT and the ex-Gaussian parameters mu, sigma, and tau. Mu and sigma indicate the M and SD of the Gaussian distribution; tau reflects the M and SD of the exponential function. Patients exhibited a lower hit rate, higher M RT, and higher tau than controls. Moreover, patients showed greater decrease of the hit rate after the change of task rule. In the entire sample, SD, sigma, and tau were inversely associated with the hit rate and positively associated with the false alarm rate. While the greater decline in hit rate after the change in task rule indicates deficient cognitive flexibility, the lack of any difference in false alarm rate suggests intact response inhibition. Higher M RT reflects reduced cognitive or motor speed. Increased tau in fibromyalgia indicates greater fluctuations in executive control and more frequent temporary lapses of attention. For the first time, this study demonstrated that indices of RT variability, in particular those derived from the ex-Gaussian function, may complement speed and accuracy parameters in the assessment of executive function impairments in fibromyalgia. Optimized assessment may facilitate the personalization of therapies aimed at improving the cognitive function of those with the disorder.
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Cognitive, Behavioural, Speech, Language and Developmental Outcomes Associated with Pathogenic Variants in the ERF Gene. J Craniofac Surg 2022; 33:1847-1852. [PMID: 35761471 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000008659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pathogenic variants of the ERF gene were previously associated with craniosynostosis, craniofacial dysmorphism and Chiari malformation. This study investigates cognitive, behavioural, speech, language, and developmental outcomes in the first 5 children identified at the Oxford Craniofacial Unit as having ERF-related craniosynostosis, together with three of their carrier parents.There were no consistent findings related to overall intelligence. However, a pattern of cognitive difficulties is described, which includes poor attention, impulsivity and difficulties with functional fine motor skills, such as handwriting. A high frequency of speech, language and communication difficulties was evident, which was most often related to early language difficulties, speech sound difficulties, hyponasal resonance and concern regarding social communication skills and emotional immaturity.It was common for these children to have needed input from ear, nose and throat services. Problems with tonsils and/or adenoids and/ or fluctuating conductive hearing loss were found which may be contributors to early speech, language and communication difficulties.The authors make recommendations regarding the need for formal assessment of a range of developmental aspects upon diagnosis of a pathogenic variant in the ERF gene. The aim of this report is to give clinical guidance to anyone who may have care of patients with the ERF-related mutation.
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Aiello EN, Pucci V, Diana L, Niang A, Preti AN, Delli Ponti A, Sangalli G, Scarano S, Tesio L, Zago S, Difonzo T, Appollonio I, Mondini S, Bolognini N. Telephone-based Frontal Assessment Battery (t-FAB): standardization for the Italian population and clinical usability in neurological diseases. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:1635-1644. [PMID: 35699839 PMCID: PMC9194888 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-022-02155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Despite the relevance of telephone-based cognitive screening tests in clinical practice and research, no specific test assessing executive functioning is available. The present study aimed at standardizing and providing evidence of clinical usability for the Italian telephone-based Frontal Assessment Battery (t-FAB). Methods The t-FAB (ranging 0–12), comprising two subtests, has two versions: one requiring motor responses (t-FAB-M) and the other verbal responses (t-FAB-V). Three hundred and forty-six Italian healthy adults (HPs; 143 males; age range = 18–96 years; education range = 4–23 years) and 40 participants with neurological diseases were recruited. To HPs, the t-FAB was administered along with a set of telephone-based tests: MMSE, verbal fluency (VF), backward digit span (BDS). The in-person version of the FAB was administered to both HPs and clinical groups. Factorial structure, construct validity, inter-rater and test–retest reliability, t-FAB-M vs. t-FAB-V equivalence and diagnostic accuracy were assessed. Norms were derived via Equivalent Scores. Results In HPs, t-FAB measures yielded high inter-rater/test–retest reliability (ICC = .78–.94), were internally related (p ≤ .005) and underpinned by a single component, converging with the telephone-based MMSE, VF, BDS (p ≤ .0013). The two t-FAB versions were statistically equivalent in clinical groups (ps of both equivalence bounds < .001). Education predicted all t-FAB scores (p < .001), whereas age only the t-FAB-M score (p ≤ .004). t-FAB scores converge with the in-person FAB in HPs and clinical groups (rs = .43–.78). Both t-FAB versions were accurate in discriminating HPs from the clinical cohort (AUC = .73-.76). Discussion The t-FAB is a normed, valid, reliable and clinically usable telephone-based cognitive screening test to adopt in both clinical and research practice. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40520-022-02155-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Nicolò Aiello
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy.
| | - Veronica Pucci
- Dipartimento di Filosofia, Sociologia, Pedagogia e Psicologia Applicata (FISPPA), University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Human Inspired Technology Research Centre (HIT), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Diana
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Neuropsychological Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Aida Niang
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Naomi Preti
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Neurology Unit, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - Adriana Delli Ponti
- Neurology Unit, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaia Sangalli
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Neuropsychological Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Scarano
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Tesio
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Zago
- Neurology Unit, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Difonzo
- Neurology Unit, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - Ildebrando Appollonio
- Neurology Section, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Sara Mondini
- Dipartimento di Filosofia, Sociologia, Pedagogia e Psicologia Applicata (FISPPA), University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Human Inspired Technology Research Centre (HIT), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Nadia Bolognini
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Neuropsychological Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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Wong KS, Chou T, Peters AT, Ellard KK, Nierenberg AA, Dougherty DD, Deckersbach T. Convergence between behavioral, neural, and self-report measures of cognitive control: The Frontal Systems Behavior Scale in bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 150:317-323. [PMID: 35447525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe) is a self-report measure that assesses difficulties with cognitive and emotional control such as apathetic behavior, lack of inhibitory control, and executive dysfunction. Previous neuroimaging studies highlight the involvement of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in these processes. In this study, we investigated whether there was convergence across subjective and objective measures of apathy, disinhibition, and executive dysfunction. Specifically, we studied whether ACC, OFC, and DLPFC activation during a modified version of the Multi-Source Interference Task (MSIT), is associated with FrSBe apathy, disinhibition, and executive dysfunction scores, in healthy controls (HC) and individuals with Bipolar Disorder (BD), who commonly exhibit difficulties in these domains. Individuals with BD (n = 31) and HCs (n = 31) with no current or past psychiatric illness completed the FrSBe and the MSIT during fMRI scanning. We investigated task-specific changes in the ACC, DLPFC, and OFC and their correlations with FrSBe apathy, disinhibition, and executive dysfunction subscale scores, respectively. Individuals with BD and the HC group demonstrated greater ACC, DLPFC, and OFC activation during MSIT interference conditions compared with non-interference conditions. Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between OFC activation and disinhibition scores, which remained significant after accounting for medication load. Together, these results demonstrate the FrSBe disinhibition subscale, in particular, can be a self-report measure that converges with behavioral and neural markers of disinhibition in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karianne Sretavan Wong
- Division of Neurotherapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tina Chou
- Division of Neurotherapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy T Peters
- Division of Neurotherapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristen K Ellard
- Division of Neurotherapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew A Nierenberg
- Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Darin D Dougherty
- Division of Neurotherapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Morin A, Funkiewiez A, Routier A, Le Bouc R, Borderies N, Galanaud D, Levy R, Pessiglione M, Dubois B, Eymard B, Michon CC, Angeard N, Behin A, Laforet P, Stojkovic T, Azuar C. Unravelling the impact of frontal lobe impairment for social dysfunction in myotonic dystrophy type 1. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac111. [PMID: 35611304 PMCID: PMC9123843 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 is an autosomal dominant multisystemic disorder affecting muscular and extra muscular systems, including the central nervous system. Cerebral involvement in myotonic dystrophy type 1 is associated with subtle cognitive and behavioural disorders, of major impact on socio-professional adaptation. The social dysfunction and its potential relation to frontal lobe neuropsychology remain under-evaluated in this pathology. The neuroanatomical network underpinning that disorder is yet to disentangle. Twenty-eight myotonic dystrophy type 1 adult patients (mean age: 46 years old) and 18 age and sex-matched healthy controls were included in the study. All patients performed an exhaustive neuropsychological assessment with a specific focus on frontal lobe neuropsychology (motivation, social cognition and executive functions). Among them, 18 myotonic dystrophy type 1 patients and 18 healthy controls had a brain MRI with T1 and T2 Flair sequences. Grey matter segmentation, Voxel-based morphometry and cortical thickness estimation were performed with Statistical Parametric Mapping Software SPM12 and Freesurfer software. Furthermore, T2 white matter lesions and subcortical structures were segmented with Automated Volumetry Software. Most patients showed significant impairment in executive frontal functions (auditory working memory, inhibition, contextualization and mental flexibility). Patients showed only minor difficulties in social cognition tests mostly in cognitive Theory of Mind, but with relative sparing of affective Theory of Mind and emotion recognition. Neuroimaging analysis revealed atrophy mostly in the parahippocampal and hippocampal regions and to a lesser extent in basal ganglia, regions involved in social navigation and mental flexibility, respectively. Social cognition scores were correlated with right parahippocampal gyrus atrophy. Social dysfunction in myotonic dystrophy type 1 might be a consequence of cognitive impairment regarding mental flexibility and social contextualization rather than a specific social cognition deficit such as emotion recognition. We suggest that both white matter lesions and grey matter disease could account for this social dysfunction, involving, in particular, the frontal-subcortical network and the hippocampal/arahippocampal regions, brain regions known, respectively, to integrate contextualization and social navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Morin
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UMRS 975, ICM-INSERM 1127, 75013 Paris, France
- Service de Neurologie, CHU Rouen, Centre National de Référence Maladie d’Alzheimer du sujet jeune, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Aurelie Funkiewiez
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UMRS 975, ICM-INSERM 1127, 75013 Paris, France
- Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer, Centre National Démences Rares, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Routier
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UMRS 975, ICM-INSERM 1127, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Raphael Le Bouc
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UMRS 975, ICM-INSERM 1127, 75013 Paris, France
- Urgences cérébro-vasculaires, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Borderies
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UMRS 975, ICM-INSERM 1127, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Damien Galanaud
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UMRS 975, ICM-INSERM 1127, 75013 Paris, France
- Service de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Richard Levy
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UMRS 975, ICM-INSERM 1127, 75013 Paris, France
- Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer, Centre National Démences Rares, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, 75013 Paris, France
- Unité de Neuro-Psychiatrie Comportementale (IHU), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Mathias Pessiglione
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UMRS 975, ICM-INSERM 1127, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UMRS 975, ICM-INSERM 1127, 75013 Paris, France
- Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer, Centre National Démences Rares, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Eymard
- Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France, Institut de Myologie, Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Claire-Cecile Michon
- Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France, Institut de Myologie, Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Angeard
- U1129, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institut de Myologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Anthony Behin
- Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France, Institut de Myologie, Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Laforet
- Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France, Institut de Myologie, Hospital Raymond Poincaré, APHP, 92380 Garches, France
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France, Institut de Myologie, Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Carole Azuar
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UMRS 975, ICM-INSERM 1127, 75013 Paris, France
- Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer, Centre National Démences Rares, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, 75013 Paris, France
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Sun J, Chen L, He J, Du Z, Ma Y, Wang Z, Guo C, Luo Y, Gao D, Hong Y, Zhang L, Xu F, Cao J, Hou X, Xiao X, Tian J, Fang J, Yu X. Altered Brain Function in First-Episode and Recurrent Depression: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:876121. [PMID: 35546875 PMCID: PMC9083329 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.876121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies on differences in brain function activity between the first depressive episode (FDE) and recurrent depressive episodes (RDE) are scarce. In this study, we used regional homogeneity (ReHo) and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) as indices of abnormal brain function activity. We aimed to determine the differences in these indices between patients with FDE and those with RDE, and to investigate the correlation between areas of abnormal brain function and clinical symptoms. Methods A total of 29 patients with RDE, 28 patients with FDE, and 29 healthy controls (HCs) who underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging were included in this study. The ReHo and ALFF measurements were used for image analysis and further analysis of the correlation between different brain regions and clinical symptoms. Results Analysis of variance showed significant differences among the three groups in ReHo and ALFF in the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes. ReHo was higher in the right inferior frontal triangular gyrus and lower in the left inferior temporal gyrus in the RDE group than in the FDE group. Meanwhile, ALFF was higher in the right inferior frontal triangular gyrus, left anterior cingulate gyrus, orbital part of the left middle frontal gyrus, orbital part of the left superior frontal gyrus, and right angular gyrus, but was lower in the right lingual gyrus in the RDE group than in the FDE group. ReHo and ALFF were lower in the left angular gyrus in the RDE and FDE groups than in the HC group. Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the ReHo and ALFF values in these abnormal areas in the frontal lobe and the severity of depressive symptoms (P < 0.05). Abnormal areas in the temporal and occipital lobes were negatively correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms (P < 0.05). Conclusion The RDE and FDE groups had abnormal neural function activity in some of the same brain regions. ReHo and ALFF were more widely distributed in different brain regions and had more complex neuropathological mechanisms in the RDE group than in the FDE group, especially in the right inferior frontal triangular gyrus of the frontal lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifei Sun
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Limei Chen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiakai He
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongming Du
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlei Guo
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Deqiang Gao
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Hong
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengquan Xu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiudong Cao
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobing Hou
- Beijing First Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Beijing First Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Beijing First Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiliang Fang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Yu
- Beijing First Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
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Sharfi K, Rosenblum S, Meyer S. Relationships between executive functions and sensory patterns among adults with specific learning disabilities as reflected in their daily functioning. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266385. [PMID: 35390062 PMCID: PMC8989333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adults with specific learning disabilities (e.g., dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia) reveal limitations in daily functioning in various life domains. Following previous evidence of deficient executive functions and unique sensory patterns in this population, this study examined how relationships between these two domains are expressed in daily functioning. Participants included 55 adults with specific learning disabilities and 55 controls matched by age, gender, socioeconomic status, and education. Participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Functions-adult version, and the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile. Results indicated significant relationships between executive functions (per the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Functions-adult version) and sensory patterns (per the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile) as reflected in daily functioning. The low sensory registration pattern predicted 12% to 16% of the variance in the behavioral regulation index, metacognitive index, and general executive composite scores and was a significant predictor of specific executive function abilities. Results indicated that the difficulties of adults with specific learning disabilities in using executive function abilities efficiently might be tied to a high sensory threshold and passive self-regulation strategies. A deeper understanding of this population's sensory-executive mechanisms may improve evaluation and intervention processes. This understanding can consequently increase executive abilities for improved daily functioning and life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kineret Sharfi
- The Laboratory of Complex Human Activity and Participation, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sara Rosenblum
- The Laboratory of Complex Human Activity and Participation, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sonya Meyer
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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Piretti L, Pappaianni E, Gobbo S, Rumiati RI, Job R, Grecucci A. Dissociating the role of dACC and dlPFC for emotion appraisal and mood regulation using cathodal tDCS. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 22:304-315. [PMID: 34676495 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-021-00952-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Several neuroimaging studies have shown that a distributed network of brain regions is involved in our ability to appraise the emotions we experience in daily life. In particular, scholars suggested that the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) may play a role in the appraisal of emotional stimuli together with subcortical regions, especially when stimuli are negatively valenced, and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) may play a role in regulating emotions. However, proofs of the causal role of these regions are lacking. In the present study, we aim at testing this model by stimulating both the dACC and the left dlPFC via cathodal tDCS. Twenty-four participants were asked to attend and rate the arousal and valence of negative and neutral emotional stimuli (pictures and words) in three different experimental sessions: cathodal stimulation of dACC, left dlPFC, or sham. In addition to the experimental task, the baseline affective state was measured before and after the stimulation to further assess the effect of stimulation over the baseline affective state after the experimental session. Results showed that cathodal stimulation of dACC, but not the left dlPFC, was associated with reduced arousal ratings of emotional stimuli, both compared with the sham condition. Moreover, cathodal stimulation of left dlPFC decreased participant's positive affective state after the session. These findings suggest for the first time, a dissociation between the dACC and dlPFC, with the former more involved in emotion appraisal, and the latter more involved in mood modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Piretti
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences - DipSCo, University of Trento, Corso Bettini 33, Rovereto, Italy.
- Marica De Vincenzi onlus Foundation, Rovereto, Italy.
| | - E Pappaianni
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences - DipSCo, University of Trento, Corso Bettini 33, Rovereto, Italy
| | - S Gobbo
- University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - R I Rumiati
- Neuroscience and Society Lab, Neuroscience Area, SISSA, Trieste, Italy
| | - R Job
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences - DipSCo, University of Trento, Corso Bettini 33, Rovereto, Italy
- Marica De Vincenzi onlus Foundation, Rovereto, Italy
- Center for Medical Sciences - CISMed, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - A Grecucci
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences - DipSCo, University of Trento, Corso Bettini 33, Rovereto, Italy
- Center for Medical Sciences - CISMed, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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Sánchez-Rodríguez JL, Juárez-Vela R, Santolalla-Arnedo I, Ruiz de Viñaspre-Hernandez R, Sánchez-González JL. An Item Response Theory Analysis of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in Normal Aging, Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease: Neurophysiological Approach. J Pers Med 2022; 12:539. [PMID: 35455655 PMCID: PMC9028972 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12040539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is widely used to assess executive function, specifically mental flexibility. Item Response Theory (IRT) has several advantages over classical test theory, including the invariance of the measure. This study aimed to apply IRT to study the psychometric properties of WCST in control subjects and patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The sample consisted of 86 controls, 77 Parkinson's disease subjects, and 155 AD subjects. The Rasch model was applied to binary data from the conversion to percentiles adjusted for age and schooling. The R program was used to calibrate the difficulty parameter. The characteristic curves of the items and the estimation of the difficulty parameter for each diagnostic group were obtained. WCST makes it possible to separate between different skill levels among the three diagnostic entities and its application may be useful for other neuropsychological tests. In conclusion, WCST has good clinical sensitivity and excellent discriminant validity in the groups under study, making it possible to separate them between different levels of ability or latent trait. Its application may be useful for other neuropsychological tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luis Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Department of Basic Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Salamanca, 37005 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Raúl Juárez-Vela
- Department of Nursing, Research Group in Care, GRUPAC, 26004 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain;
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