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Todd TW, Petrucelli L. Modelling amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in rodents. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:231-251. [PMID: 35260846 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00564-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The efficient study of human disease requires the proper tools, one of the most crucial of which is an accurate animal model that faithfully recapitulates the human condition. The study of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is no exception. Although the majority of ALS cases are considered sporadic, most animal models of this disease rely on genetic mutations identified in familial cases. Over the past decade, the number of genes associated with ALS has risen dramatically and, with each new genetic variant, there is a drive to develop associated animal models. Rodent models are of particular importance as they allow for the study of ALS in the context of a living mammal with a comparable CNS. Such models not only help to verify the pathogenicity of novel mutations but also provide critical insight into disease mechanisms and are crucial for the testing of new therapeutics. In this Review, we aim to summarize the full spectrum of ALS rodent models developed to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany W Todd
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Leonard Petrucelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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2
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Baek M, Choe YJ, Bannwarth S, Kim J, Maitra S, Dorn GW, Taylor JP, Paquis-Flucklinger V, Kim NC. TDP-43 and PINK1 mediate CHCHD10 S59L mutation-induced defects in Drosophila and in vitro. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1924. [PMID: 33772006 PMCID: PMC7997989 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 10 (CHCHD10) can cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (ALS-FTD). However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we generate CHCH10S59L-mutant Drosophila melanogaster and HeLa cell lines to model CHCHD10-associated ALS-FTD. The CHCHD10S59L mutation results in cell toxicity in several tissues and mitochondrial defects. CHCHD10S59L independently affects the TDP-43 and PINK1 pathways. CHCHD10S59L expression increases TDP-43 insolubility and mitochondrial translocation. Blocking TDP-43 mitochondrial translocation with a peptide inhibitor reduced CHCHD10S59L-mediated toxicity. While genetic and pharmacological modulation of PINK1 expression and activity of its substrates rescues and mitigates the CHCHD10S59L-induced phenotypes and mitochondrial defects, respectively, in both Drosophila and HeLa cells. Our findings suggest that CHCHD10S59L-induced TDP-43 mitochondrial translocation and chronic activation of PINK1-mediated pathways result in dominant toxicity, providing a mechanistic insight into the CHCHD10 mutations associated with ALS-FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwoo Baek
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN USA
| | - Yun-Jeong Choe
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN USA
| | - Sylvie Bannwarth
- grid.410528.a0000 0001 2322 4179Inserm U1081, CNRS UMR7284, IRCAN, Université Côte d’Azur, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - JiHye Kim
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN USA
| | - Swati Maitra
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN USA
| | - Gerald W. Dorn
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Center for Pharmacogenomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - J. Paul Taylor
- grid.240871.80000 0001 0224 711XHoward Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN USA
| | - Veronique Paquis-Flucklinger
- grid.410528.a0000 0001 2322 4179Inserm U1081, CNRS UMR7284, IRCAN, Université Côte d’Azur, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Nam Chul Kim
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN USA
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Keith JL, Swinkin E, Gao A, Alminawi S, Zhang M, McGoldrick P, McKeever P, Robertson J, Rogaeva E, Zinman L. Neuropathologic description of CHCHD10 mutated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2020; 6:e394. [PMID: 32042922 PMCID: PMC6975173 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective To present the postmortem neuropathologic report of a patient with a CHCHD10 mutation exhibiting an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) clinical phenotype. Methods A 54-year-old man without significant medical history or family history presented with arm weakness, slowly progressed over 19 years to meet the El Escorial criteria for clinically probable ALS with bulbar and respiratory involvement, and was found to have a CHCHD10 p.R15L mutation. Postmortem neuropathologic examination took place including immunohistochemical staining with CHCHD10, and double immunofluorescence combining CHCHD10 with TDP43 and neurofilament was performed and the results were compared with normal controls and sporadic ALS cases. Results Postmortem examination of the CHCHD10 mutation carrier showed severe loss of hypoglossal and anterior horn motor neurons, mild corticospinal tract degeneration, and a relative lack of TDP43 immunopathology. CHCHD10 immunohistochemistry for the 3 controls and the 5 sporadic ALS cases showed strong neuronal cytoplasmic and axonal labeling, with the CHCHD10 mutation carrier also having numerous CHCHD10 aggregates within their anterior horns. These aggregates may be related to the CHCHD10 aggregates recently described to cause mitochondrial degeneration and disease in a tissue-selective toxic gain-of-function fashion in a CHCHD10 knock-in mouse model. The CHCHD10 aggregates did not colocalize with TDP43 and were predominantly extracellular on double immunofluorescence labeling with neurofilament. Conclusions The neuropathology of CHCHD10 mutated ALS includes predominantly lower motor neuron degeneration, absent TDP43 immunopathology, and aggregates of predominantly extracellular CHCHD10, which do not contain TDP43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L Keith
- Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (J.L.K., A.G., S.A.), Division of Anatomical Pathology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (E.S., L.Z.), Division of Neurology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; School of Medicine and Institute for Advanced Study (M.Z.), Tongji University, Shanghai, China; and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.Z., P. McGoldrick, P. McKeever, J.R., E.R.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily Swinkin
- Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (J.L.K., A.G., S.A.), Division of Anatomical Pathology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (E.S., L.Z.), Division of Neurology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; School of Medicine and Institute for Advanced Study (M.Z.), Tongji University, Shanghai, China; and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.Z., P. McGoldrick, P. McKeever, J.R., E.R.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Gao
- Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (J.L.K., A.G., S.A.), Division of Anatomical Pathology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (E.S., L.Z.), Division of Neurology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; School of Medicine and Institute for Advanced Study (M.Z.), Tongji University, Shanghai, China; and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.Z., P. McGoldrick, P. McKeever, J.R., E.R.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samira Alminawi
- Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (J.L.K., A.G., S.A.), Division of Anatomical Pathology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (E.S., L.Z.), Division of Neurology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; School of Medicine and Institute for Advanced Study (M.Z.), Tongji University, Shanghai, China; and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.Z., P. McGoldrick, P. McKeever, J.R., E.R.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ming Zhang
- Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (J.L.K., A.G., S.A.), Division of Anatomical Pathology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (E.S., L.Z.), Division of Neurology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; School of Medicine and Institute for Advanced Study (M.Z.), Tongji University, Shanghai, China; and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.Z., P. McGoldrick, P. McKeever, J.R., E.R.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip McGoldrick
- Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (J.L.K., A.G., S.A.), Division of Anatomical Pathology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (E.S., L.Z.), Division of Neurology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; School of Medicine and Institute for Advanced Study (M.Z.), Tongji University, Shanghai, China; and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.Z., P. McGoldrick, P. McKeever, J.R., E.R.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul McKeever
- Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (J.L.K., A.G., S.A.), Division of Anatomical Pathology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (E.S., L.Z.), Division of Neurology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; School of Medicine and Institute for Advanced Study (M.Z.), Tongji University, Shanghai, China; and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.Z., P. McGoldrick, P. McKeever, J.R., E.R.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janice Robertson
- Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (J.L.K., A.G., S.A.), Division of Anatomical Pathology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (E.S., L.Z.), Division of Neurology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; School of Medicine and Institute for Advanced Study (M.Z.), Tongji University, Shanghai, China; and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.Z., P. McGoldrick, P. McKeever, J.R., E.R.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (J.L.K., A.G., S.A.), Division of Anatomical Pathology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (E.S., L.Z.), Division of Neurology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; School of Medicine and Institute for Advanced Study (M.Z.), Tongji University, Shanghai, China; and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.Z., P. McGoldrick, P. McKeever, J.R., E.R.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lorne Zinman
- Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (J.L.K., A.G., S.A.), Division of Anatomical Pathology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (E.S., L.Z.), Division of Neurology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; School of Medicine and Institute for Advanced Study (M.Z.), Tongji University, Shanghai, China; and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.Z., P. McGoldrick, P. McKeever, J.R., E.R.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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CHCHD10 variants in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Where is the evidence? Ann Neurol 2018; 84:110-116. [PMID: 30014597 PMCID: PMC6553489 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE After the initial report of a CHCHD10 mutation in mitochondrial disease with features resembling amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), CHCHD10 mutations have been considered to be a frequent cause for ALS. However, the exact pathogenicity and clinical significance of these mutations remain unclear. Here, we aimed to determine the role of CHCHD10 mutations in ALS. METHODS We analyzed 4,365 whole genome sequenced ALS patients and 1,832 controls from 7 different countries and examined all nonsynonymous single nucleotide variants in CHCHD10. These were tested for association with ALS, independently and in aggregate using several genetic burden tests (including sequence kernel association test [SKAT], optimal unified test [SKAT-O], and Firth logistic regression). RESULTS We identified 3 new variants in cases, but only 1 was ALS-specific. Also, 1 control-specific mutation was identified. There was no increased burden of rare coding mutations among ALS patients compared to controls (p = 0.86, p = 0.86, and p = 0.88 for SKAT, SKAT-O, and Firth, respectively). The few carriers with potential pathogenic CHCHD10 mutations exhibited a slowly progressive ALS-like phenotype with atypical features such as myopathy and deafness. INTERPRETATION CHCHD10 mutations seem to be a far less prevalent cause of pure ALS than previously suggested, and instead appear related to more complex phenotypes. There appears to be insufficient evidence for the pathogenicity of most previously reported variants in pure ALS. This study shows that routine testing for CHCHD10 mutations in pure ALS is not recommended and illustrates the importance of sufficient genetic and functional evidence in establishing pathogenicity of genetic variants. Ann Neurol 2018;83:110-116.
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Lehmer C, Schludi MH, Ransom L, Greiling J, Junghänel M, Exner N, Riemenschneider H, van der Zee J, Van Broeckhoven C, Weydt P, Heneka MT, Edbauer D. A novel CHCHD10 mutation implicates a Mia40-dependent mitochondrial import deficit in ALS. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 10:e8558. [PMID: 29789341 PMCID: PMC5991575 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CHCHD10 mutations are linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, but their mode of action is unclear. In a 29-year-old patient with rapid disease progression, we discovered a novel mutation (Q108P) in a conserved residue within the coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix (CHCH) domain. The aggressive clinical phenotype prompted us to probe its pathogenicity. Unlike the wild-type protein, mitochondrial import of CHCHD10 Q108P was blocked nearly completely resulting in diffuse cytoplasmic localization and reduced stability. Other CHCHD10 variants reported in patients showed impaired mitochondrial import (C122R) or clustering within mitochondria (especially G66V and E127K) often associated with reduced expression. Truncation experiments suggest mitochondrial import of CHCHD10 is mediated by the CHCH domain rather than the proposed N-terminal mitochondrial targeting signal. Knockdown of Mia40, which introduces disulfide bonds into CHCH domain proteins, blocked mitochondrial import of CHCHD10. Overexpression of Mia40 rescued mitochondrial import of CHCHD10 Q108P by enhancing disulfide-bond formation. Since reduction in CHCHD10 inhibits respiration, mutations in its CHCH domain may cause aggressive disease by impairing mitochondrial import. Our data suggest Mia40 upregulation as a potential therapeutic salvage pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Lehmer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin H Schludi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Linnea Ransom
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Greiling
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michaela Junghänel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Exner
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Julie van der Zee
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Patrick Weydt
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, Bonn University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, Bonn University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE) Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter Edbauer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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Sabatelli M, Marangi G, Conte A, Tasca G, Zollino M, Lattante S. New ALS-Related Genes Expand the Spectrum Paradigm of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Brain Pathol 2016; 26:266-75. [PMID: 26780671 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by the degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. Clinical heterogeneity is a well-recognized feature of the disease as age of onset, site of onset and the duration of the disease can vary greatly among patients. A number of genes have been identified and associated to familial and sporadic forms of ALS but the majority of cases remains still unexplained. Recent breakthrough discoveries have demonstrated that clinical manifestations associated with ALS-related genes are not circumscribed to motor neurons involvement. In this view, ALS appears to be linked to different conditions over a continuum or spectrum in which overlapping phenotypes may be identified. In this review, we aim to examine the increasing number of spectra, including ALS/Frontotemporal Dementia and ALS/Myopathies spectra. Considering all these neurodegenerative disorders as different phenotypes of the same spectrum can help to identify common pathological pathways and consequently new therapeutic targets in these incurable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Sabatelli
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Clinic Center NEMO-Roma. Institute of Neurology
| | - Giuseppe Marangi
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Amelia Conte
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Clinic Center NEMO-Roma. Institute of Neurology
| | | | - Marcella Zollino
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Lattante
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
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Fujikura K. Global Carrier Rates of Rare Inherited Disorders Using Population Exome Sequences. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155552. [PMID: 27219052 PMCID: PMC4878778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exome sequencing has revealed the causative mutations behind numerous rare, inherited disorders, but it is challenging to find reliable epidemiological values for rare disorders. Here, I provide a genetic epidemiology method to identify the causative mutations behind rare, inherited disorders using two population exome sequences (1000 Genomes and NHLBI). I created global maps of carrier rate distribution for 18 recessive disorders in 16 diverse ethnic populations. Out of a total of 161 mutations associated with 18 recessive disorders, I detected 24 mutations in either or both exome studies. The genetic mapping revealed strong international spatial heterogeneities in the carrier patterns of the inherited disorders. I next validated this methodology by statistically evaluating the carrier rate of one well-understood disorder, sickle cell anemia (SCA). The population exome-based epidemiology of SCA [African (allele frequency (AF) = 0.0454, N = 2447), Asian (AF = 0, N = 286), European (AF = 0.000214, N = 4677), and Hispanic (AF = 0.0111, N = 362)] was not significantly different from that obtained from a clinical prevalence survey. A pair-wise proportion test revealed no significant differences between the two exome projects in terms of AF (46/48 cases; P > 0.05). I conclude that population exome-based carrier rates can form the foundation for a prospectively maintained database of use to clinical geneticists. Similar modeling methods can be applied to many inherited disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Fujikura
- Kobe University School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Fujikura K. Global epidemiology of Familial Mediterranean fever mutations using population exome sequences. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2015; 3:272-82. [PMID: 26247045 PMCID: PMC4521964 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an inherited disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of fever accompanied by sterile peritonitis, arthritis, and pleuritis. Many mutations in the MEFV gene have been identified as causing FMF. However, accompanying epidemiological information remains quite scarce except in some Mediterranean countries, and the degree of penetrance has been a subject of controversy. Here, I established a genetic epidemiology of full FMF mutations using two population exome studies. Of 57 mutations associated with FMF, 22 were detected in a total of 9007 individuals from two exome sequences. Exome-based epidemiology revealed the carrier rates of FMF in 28 populations in 19 countries by individual mutation and showed strong population specificity for the MEFV mutations. Unexpectedly high carrier rates suggested that some mutations are benign variants with no pathological significance and highlighted the need for caution in analyzing MEFV mutations. Similar approach could be used to uncover the incomplete or no penetrance of mutations in most inherited disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Fujikura
- Kobe University School of Medicine 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
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Cozzolino M, Rossi S, Mirra A, Carrì MT. Mitochondrial dynamism and the pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:31. [PMID: 25713513 PMCID: PMC4322717 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on mitochondria in the last years has been characterized by the fundamental finding that the morphology of mitochondria is deeply connected to the regulation of a vast number of different processes, including oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production, calcium buffering, and apoptosis. This has immediately focused the attention of the neuroscience community to the possible involvement of mitochondrial dynamism, the process underlying morphological features of mitochondria, in neurodegeneration, where mitochondrial dysfunction is believed to represent an important contributing event, or even a primary causative factor. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), a disease of motor neurons and their neighboring cells, has long been considered as a neurodegenerative disease with an important mitochondrial issue. Yet, whether mitochondria have a causative, primary role in the pathogenic process has always been debated, and the specific defects which account for this role are elusive. Here we discuss recent genetic advances suggesting that defective mitochondrial dynamism is primarily involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of ALS, and that foster the longstanding concept that disruption of mitochondrial function is a vulnerable factor for motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simona Rossi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR Rome, Italy ; Department of Biology, Università di Roma Tor Vergata Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Mirra
- Department of Biology, Università di Roma Tor Vergata Rome, Italy ; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Carrì
- Department of Biology, Università di Roma Tor Vergata Rome, Italy ; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS Rome, Italy
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Bannwarth S, Ait-El-Mkadem S, Chaussenot A, Genin EC, Lacas-Gervais S, Fragaki K, Berg-Alonso L, Kageyama Y, Serre V, Moore D, Verschueren A, Rouzier C, Le Ber I, Augé G, Cochaud C, Lespinasse F, N'Guyen K, de Septenville A, Brice A, Yu-Wai-Man P, Sesaki H, Pouget J, Paquis-Flucklinger V. Reply: Are CHCHD10 mutations indeed associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 137:e314. [PMID: 25348633 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Bannwarth
- 1 IRCAN, UMR CNRS 7284/INSERM U1081/UNS, School of Medicine, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, France 2 Department of Medical Genetics, National Centre for Mitochondrial Diseases, Nice Teaching Hospital, France
| | - Samira Ait-El-Mkadem
- 1 IRCAN, UMR CNRS 7284/INSERM U1081/UNS, School of Medicine, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, France 2 Department of Medical Genetics, National Centre for Mitochondrial Diseases, Nice Teaching Hospital, France
| | - Annabelle Chaussenot
- 1 IRCAN, UMR CNRS 7284/INSERM U1081/UNS, School of Medicine, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, France 2 Department of Medical Genetics, National Centre for Mitochondrial Diseases, Nice Teaching Hospital, France
| | - Emmanuelle C Genin
- 1 IRCAN, UMR CNRS 7284/INSERM U1081/UNS, School of Medicine, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, France
| | - Sandra Lacas-Gervais
- 3 Joint Centre for Applied Electron Microscopy, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, France
| | - Konstantina Fragaki
- 1 IRCAN, UMR CNRS 7284/INSERM U1081/UNS, School of Medicine, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, France 2 Department of Medical Genetics, National Centre for Mitochondrial Diseases, Nice Teaching Hospital, France
| | - Laetitia Berg-Alonso
- 1 IRCAN, UMR CNRS 7284/INSERM U1081/UNS, School of Medicine, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, France
| | - Yusuke Kageyama
- 4 Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Valérie Serre
- 5 UMR7592 CNRS, Jacques Monod Institute, Paris Diderot University, France
| | - David Moore
- 6 Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Annie Verschueren
- 7 Department of Neurology, Timone Hospital, Marseille Teaching Hospital, France
| | - Cécile Rouzier
- 1 IRCAN, UMR CNRS 7284/INSERM U1081/UNS, School of Medicine, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, France 2 Department of Medical Genetics, National Centre for Mitochondrial Diseases, Nice Teaching Hospital, France
| | - Isabelle Le Ber
- 8 Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM75, Inserm U1127, Cnrs UMR7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), F-75013 Paris, France 9 National Reference Centre on Rare Dementias, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Augé
- 1 IRCAN, UMR CNRS 7284/INSERM U1081/UNS, School of Medicine, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, France 2 Department of Medical Genetics, National Centre for Mitochondrial Diseases, Nice Teaching Hospital, France
| | - Charlotte Cochaud
- 2 Department of Medical Genetics, National Centre for Mitochondrial Diseases, Nice Teaching Hospital, France
| | - Françoise Lespinasse
- 1 IRCAN, UMR CNRS 7284/INSERM U1081/UNS, School of Medicine, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, France
| | - Karine N'Guyen
- 10 Department of Medical Genetics, Timone Hospital, Marseille Teaching Hospital, France
| | - Anne de Septenville
- 8 Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM75, Inserm U1127, Cnrs UMR7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- 8 Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM75, Inserm U1127, Cnrs UMR7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Yu-Wai-Man
- 6 Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK 11 Newcastle Eye Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- 4 Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jean Pouget
- 7 Department of Neurology, Timone Hospital, Marseille Teaching Hospital, France
| | - Véronique Paquis-Flucklinger
- 1 IRCAN, UMR CNRS 7284/INSERM U1081/UNS, School of Medicine, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, France 2 Department of Medical Genetics, National Centre for Mitochondrial Diseases, Nice Teaching Hospital, France
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