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Qian Z, Wang Z, Li B, Meng X, Kuang Z, Li Y, Yang Y, Ye K. Thy1-ApoE4/C/EBPβ double transgenic mice act as a sporadic model with Alzheimer's disease. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:3040-3055. [PMID: 38658772 PMCID: PMC11449781 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02565-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Early onset familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) with APP, PS1/2 (presenilins) mutation accounts for only a small portion of AD cases, and most are late-onset sporadic. However, majority of AD mouse models are developed to mimic the genetic cause of human AD by overexpressing mutated forms of human APP, PS1/2, and/or Tau protein, though there is no Tau mutation in AD, and no single mouse model recapitulates all aspects of AD pathology. Here, we report Thy1-ApoE4/C/EBPβ double transgenic mouse model that demonstrates key AD pathologies in an age-dependent manner in absence of any human APP or PS1/2 mutation. Using the clinical diagnosis criteria, we show that this mouse model exhibits tempo-spatial features in AD patient brains, including progressive cognitive decline associated with brain atrophy, which is accompanied with extensive neuronal degeneration. Remarkably, the mice display gradual Aβ aggregation and neurofibrillary tangles formation in the brain validated by Aβ PET and Tau PET. Moreover, the mice reveal widespread neuroinflammation as shown in AD brains. Hence, Thy1-ApoE4/C/EBPβ mouse model acts as a sporadic AD mouse model, reconstituting the major AD pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjiang Qian
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - ZhiHao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, China
| | - Bowei Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518055, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhonghua Kuang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanjiao Li
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
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Fotuhi SN, Khalaj-Kondori M. Imbalanced clearance of Aβ peptide cause presynaptic plaque formation. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:66-70. [PMID: 35639020 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2085099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by abnormal increase of Aβ peptide which is likely as the result of imbalanced homeostasis of its production and clearance mechanisms. Here, we briefly review that the uncleaned extracellular Aβ peptides are loaded into presynaptic neurons. The Aβ oligomers desperately affect pre- and post-synapse neuron activity and turn into plaques inside the presynaptic neurons over the time passes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Nahid Fotuhi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khalaj-Kondori
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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3
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Loeffler DA. Enhancing of cerebral Abeta clearance by modulation of ABC transporter expression: a review of experimental approaches. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1368200. [PMID: 38872626 PMCID: PMC11170721 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1368200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Clearance of amyloid-beta (Aβ) from the brain is impaired in both early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mechanisms for clearing cerebral Aβ include proteolytic degradation, antibody-mediated clearance, blood brain barrier and blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier efflux, glymphatic drainage, and perivascular drainage. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are membrane efflux pumps driven by ATP hydrolysis. Their functions include maintenance of brain homeostasis by removing toxic peptides and compounds, and transport of bioactive molecules including cholesterol. Some ABC transporters contribute to lowering of cerebral Aβ. Mechanisms suggested for ABC transporter-mediated lowering of brain Aβ, in addition to exporting of Aβ across the blood brain and blood cerebrospinal fluid barriers, include apolipoprotein E lipidation, microglial activation, decreased amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein, and restricting the entrance of Aβ into the brain. The ABC transporter superfamily in humans includes 49 proteins, eight of which have been suggested to reduce cerebral Aβ levels. This review discusses experimental approaches for increasing the expression of these ABC transporters, clinical applications of these approaches, changes in the expression and/or activity of these transporters in AD and transgenic mouse models of AD, and findings in the few clinical trials which have examined the effects of these approaches in patients with AD or mild cognitive impairment. The possibility that therapeutic upregulation of ABC transporters which promote clearance of cerebral Aβ may slow the clinical progression of AD merits further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Loeffler
- Department of Neurology, Beaumont Research Institute, Corewell Health, Royal Oak, MI, United States
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Villa M, Wu J, Hansen S, Pahnke J. Emerging Role of ABC Transporters in Glia Cells in Health and Diseases of the Central Nervous System. Cells 2024; 13:740. [PMID: 38727275 PMCID: PMC11083179 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play a crucial role for the efflux of a wide range of substrates across different cellular membranes. In the central nervous system (CNS), ABC transporters have recently gathered significant attention due to their pivotal involvement in brain physiology and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Glial cells are fundamental for normal CNS function and engage with several ABC transporters in different ways. Here, we specifically highlight ABC transporters involved in the maintenance of brain homeostasis and their implications in its metabolic regulation. We also show new aspects related to ABC transporter function found in less recognized diseases, such as Huntington's disease (HD) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), as a model for multiple sclerosis (MS). Understanding both their impact on the physiological regulation of the CNS and their roles in brain diseases holds promise for uncovering new therapeutic options. Further investigations and preclinical studies are warranted to elucidate the complex interplay between glial ABC transporters and physiological brain functions, potentially leading to effective therapeutic interventions also for rare CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Villa
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine (KlinMed), Medical Faculty, University of Oslo (UiO) and Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology (PAT), Clinics for Laboratory Medicine (KLM), Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, NO-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jingyun Wu
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine (KlinMed), Medical Faculty, University of Oslo (UiO) and Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology (PAT), Clinics for Laboratory Medicine (KLM), Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, NO-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefanie Hansen
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine (KlinMed), Medical Faculty, University of Oslo (UiO) and Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology (PAT), Clinics for Laboratory Medicine (KLM), Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, NO-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine (KlinMed), Medical Faculty, University of Oslo (UiO) and Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology (PAT), Clinics for Laboratory Medicine (KLM), Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, NO-0372 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine (INUM)/Lübeck Institute of Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck (UzL) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia (LU), Jelgavas iela 3, LV-1004 Rīga, Latvia
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The Georg S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University (TAU), Tel Aviv IL-6997801, Israel
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Okamura T, Kikuchi T, Ogawa M, Zhang MR. Improved synthesis of 6-bromo-7-[ 11C]methylpurine for clinical use. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:10. [PMID: 38334858 PMCID: PMC10857989 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), an energy-dependent efflux pump, is expressed widely in various tissues and contributes to many physiological and pathophysiological processes. 6-Bromo-7-[11C]methylpurine ([11C]7m6BP) is expected to be useful for the assessment of MRP1 activity in the human brain and lungs. However, the radiochemical yield (RCY) in the synthesis of [11C]7m6BP was low, limiting its clinical application, because the methylation of the precursor with [11C]CH3I provided primarily the undesired isomer, 6-bromo-9-[11C]methylpurine ([11C]9m6BP). To increase the RCY of [11C]7m6BP, we investigated conditions for improving the [11C]7m6BP/[11C]9m6BP selectivity of the methylation reaction. RESULTS [11C]7m6BP was manually synthesized via the methylation of 6-bromopurine with [11C]CH3I in various solvents and at different temperatures in the presence of potassium carbonate for 5 min. Several less polar solvents, including tetrahydrofuran (THF), 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF), and ethyl acetate (AcOEt) improved the [11C]7m6BP/[11C]9m6BP selectivity from 1:1 to 2:1, compared with the conventionally used solvents for the alkylation of 6-halopurines, acetone, acetonitrile, and N,N-dimethylformamide. However, a higher temperature (140 °C or 180 °C) was needed to progress the 11C-methylation in the less polar solvents, and the manual conditions could not be directly translated to an automated synthesis. [11C]Methyl triflate ([11C]CH3OTf) was thus used as a methylating agent to increase the conversion at a lower temperature. The 11C-methylation using [11C]CH3OTf at 100 °C proceeded efficiently in THF, 2-MeTHF, and AcOEt with maintenance of the improved selectivity. Starting from 28 to 34 GBq [11C]CO2, [11C]7m6BP was produced with 2.3-2.6 GBq for THF, 2.7-3.3 GBq for AcOEt, and 2.8-3.9 GBq for 2-MeTHF at approximately 30 min after the end of bombardment (n = 3 per solvent). The isolated RCYs (decay corrected) for THF, 2-MeTHF, and AcOEt were 24-28%, 29-35%, and 22-31% (n = 3), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The use of THF, 2-MeTHF, and AcOEt improved the [11C]7m6BP/[11C]9m6BP selectivity in the methylation reaction, and the improved method provided [11C]7m6BP with sufficient radioactivity for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimitsu Okamura
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Kikuchi
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masanao Ogawa
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
- SHI Accelerator Service, Ltd., 7-1-1 Nishigotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0031, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
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Chaves JCS, Dando SJ, White AR, Oikari LE. Blood-brain barrier transporters: An overview of function, dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease and strategies for treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166967. [PMID: 38008230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain-barrier (BBB) has a major function in maintaining brain homeostasis by regulating the entry of molecules from the blood to the brain. Key players in BBB function are BBB transporters which are highly expressed in brain endothelial cells (BECs) and critical in mediating the exchange of nutrients and waste products. BBB transporters can also influence drug delivery into the brain by inhibiting or facilitating the entry of brain targeting therapeutics for the treatment of brain disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies have shown that AD is associated with a disrupted BBB and transporter dysfunction, although their roles in the development in AD are not fully understand. Modulation of BBB transporter activity may pose a novel approach to enhance the delivery of drugs to the brain for enhanced treatment of AD. In this review, we will give an overview of key functions of BBB transporters and known changes in AD. In addition, we will discuss current strategies for transporter modulation for enhanced drug delivery into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana C S Chaves
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Samantha J Dando
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anthony R White
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lotta E Oikari
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Basak JM, Falk M, Mitchell DN, Coakley KA, Quillinan N, Orfila JE, Herson PS. Targeting BACE1-mediated production of amyloid beta improves hippocampal synaptic function in an experimental model of ischemic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:66-77. [PMID: 37150606 PMCID: PMC10638992 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231159597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Post-stroke cognitive impairment and dementia (PSCID) affects many survivors of large vessel cerebral ischemia. The molecular pathways underlying PSCID are poorly defined but may overlap with neurodegenerative pathophysiology. Specifically, synaptic dysfunction after stroke may be directly mediated by alterations in the levels of amyloid beta (Aβ), the peptide that accumulates in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. In this study, we use the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) model in young adult mice to evaluate if a large vessel stroke increases brain soluble Aβ levels. We show that soluble Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels are increased in the ipsilateral hippocampus in MCAo mice 7 days after the injury. We also analyze the level and activity of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), an enzyme that generates Aβ in the brain, and observe that BACE1 activity is increased in the ipsilateral hippocampus of the MCAo mice. Finally, we highlight that treatment of MCAo mice with a BACE1 inhibitor during the recovery period rescues stroke-induced deficits in hippocampal synaptic plasticity. These findings support a molecular pathway linking ischemia to alterations in BACE1-mediated production of Aβ, and encourage future studies that evaluate whether targeting BACE1 activity improves the cognitive deficits seen with PSCID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Basak
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Neuronal Injury and Plasticity Program, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Macy Falk
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Neuronal Injury and Plasticity Program, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Danae N Mitchell
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Neuronal Injury and Plasticity Program, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kelley A Coakley
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Nidia Quillinan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Neuronal Injury and Plasticity Program, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - James E Orfila
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Paco S Herson
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Farfara D, Sooliman M, Avrahami L, Royal TG, Amram S, Rozenstein-Tsalkovich L, Trudler D, Blanga-Kanfi S, Eldar-Finkelman H, Pahnke J, Rosenmann H, Frenkel D. Physiological expression of mutated TAU impaired astrocyte activity and exacerbates β-amyloid pathology in 5xFAD mice. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:174. [PMID: 37496076 PMCID: PMC10369740 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02823-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in the world. The pathology of AD is affiliated with the elevation of both tau (τ) and β-amyloid (Aβ) pathologies. Yet, the direct link between natural τ expression on glia cell activity and Aβ remains unclear. While experiments in mouse models suggest that an increase in Aβ exacerbates τ pathology when expressed under a neuronal promoter, brain pathology from AD patients suggests an appearance of τ pathology in regions without Aβ. METHODS Here, we aimed to assess the link between τ and Aβ using a new mouse model that was generated by crossing a mouse model that expresses two human mutations of the human MAPT under a mouse Tau natural promoter with 5xFAD mice that express human mutated APP and PS1 in neurons. RESULTS The new mouse model, called 5xFAD TAU, shows accelerated cognitive impairment at 2 months of age, increased number of Aβ depositions at 4 months and neuritic plaques at 6 months of age. An expression of human mutated TAU in astrocytes leads to a dystrophic appearance and reduces their ability to engulf Aβ, which leads to an increased brain Aβ load. Astrocytes expressing mutated human TAU showed an impairment in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that has previously been suggested to play an important role in supporting neurons. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest the role of τ in exacerbating Aβ pathology in addition to pointing out the potential role of astrocytes in disease progression. Further research of the crosstalk between τ and Aβ in astrocytes may increase our understanding of the role glia cells have in the pathology of AD with the aim of identifying novel therapeutic interventions to an otherwise currently incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Farfara
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Meital Sooliman
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Limor Avrahami
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tabitha Grace Royal
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shoshik Amram
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lea Rozenstein-Tsalkovich
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dorit Trudler
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shani Blanga-Kanfi
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hagit Eldar-Finkelman
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Department of Pathology, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway.
- Drug Development and Chemical Biology, Lübeck Institute of Dermatology (LIED), University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein (UKSH), LIED, Lübeck, Germany.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Hanna Rosenmann
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Dan Frenkel
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Canet G, Zussy C, Hernandez C, Maurice T, Desrumaux C, Givalois L. The pathomimetic oAβ25–35 model of Alzheimer's disease: Potential for screening of new therapeutic agents. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 245:108398. [PMID: 37001735 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly, currently affecting more than 40 million people worldwide. The two main histopathological hallmarks of AD were identified in the 1980s: senile plaques (composed of aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides) and neurofibrillary tangles (composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein). In the human brain, both Aβ and tau show aggregation into soluble and insoluble oligomers. Soluble oligomers of Aβ include their most predominant forms - Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 - as well as shorter peptides such as Aβ25-35 or Aβ25-35/40. Most animal models of AD have been developed using transgenesis, based on identified human mutations. However, these familial forms of AD represent less than 1% of AD cases. In this context, the idea emerged in the 1990s to directly inject the Aβ25-35 fragment into the rodent brain to develop an acute model of AD that could mimic the disease's sporadic forms (99% of all cases). This review aims to: (1) summarize the biological activity of Aβ25-35, focusing on its impact on the main structural and functional alterations observed in AD (cognitive deficits, APP misprocessing, tau system dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, cholinergic and glutamatergic alterations, HPA axis dysregulation, synaptic deficits and cell death); and (2) confirm the interest of this pathomimetic model in AD research, as it has helped identify and characterize many molecules (marketed, in clinical development, and in preclinical testing), and to the development of alternative approaches for AD prevention and therapy. Today, the Aβ25-35 model appears as a first-intent choice model to rapidly screen the symptomatic or neuroprotective potencies of new compounds, chemical series, or innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Bascuñana P, Brackhan M, Möhle L, Wu J, Brüning T, Eiriz I, Jansone B, Pahnke J. Time- and Sex-Dependent Effects of Fingolimod Treatment in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:331. [PMID: 36830699 PMCID: PMC9953119 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Fingolimod has previously shown beneficial effects in different animal models of AD. However, it has shown contradictory effects when it has been applied at early disease stages. Our objective was to evaluate fingolimod in two different treatment paradigms. To address this aim, we treated male and female APP-transgenic mice for 50 days, starting either before plaque deposition at 50 days of age (early) or at 125 days of age (late). To evaluate the effects, we investigated the neuroinflammatory and glial markers, the Aβ load, and the concentration of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We found a reduced Aβ load only in male animals in the late treatment paradigm. These animals also showed reduced microglia activation and reduced IL-1β. No other treatment group showed any difference in comparison to the controls. On the other hand, we detected a linear correlation between BDNF and the brain Aβ concentrations. The fingolimod treatment has shown beneficial effects in AD models, but the outcome depends on the neuroinflammatory state at the start of the treatment. Thus, according to our data, a fingolimod treatment would be effective after the onset of the first AD symptoms, mainly affecting the neuroinflammatory reaction to the ongoing Aβ deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Bascuñana
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mirjam Brackhan
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Pahnke Laboratory (Drug Development and Chemical Biology), Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Luisa Möhle
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jingyun Wu
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivan Eiriz
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Baiba Jansone
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 3, 1004 Rīga, Latvia
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Pahnke Laboratory (Drug Development and Chemical Biology), Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 3, 1004 Rīga, Latvia
- Department of Neurobiology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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11
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Wu J, Möhle L, Brüning T, Eiriz I, Rafehi M, Stefan K, Stefan SM, Pahnke J. A Novel Huntington's Disease Assessment Platform to Support Future Drug Discovery and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314763. [PMID: 36499090 PMCID: PMC9740291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a lethal neurodegenerative disorder without efficient therapeutic options. The inefficient translation from preclinical and clinical research into clinical use is mainly attributed to the lack of (i) understanding of disease initiation, progression, and involved molecular mechanisms; (ii) knowledge of the possible HD target space and general data awareness; (iii) detailed characterizations of available disease models; (iv) better suitable models; and (v) reliable and sensitive biomarkers. To generate robust HD-like symptoms in a mouse model, the neomycin resistance cassette was excised from zQ175 mice, generating a new line: zQ175Δneo. We entirely describe the dynamics of behavioral, neuropathological, and immunohistological changes from 15-57 weeks of age. Specifically, zQ175Δneo mice showed early astrogliosis from 15 weeks; growth retardation, body weight loss, and anxiety-like behaviors from 29 weeks; motor deficits and reduced muscular strength from 36 weeks; and finally slight microgliosis at 57 weeks of age. Additionally, we collected the entire bioactivity network of small-molecule HD modulators in a multitarget dataset (HD_MDS). Hereby, we uncovered 358 unique compounds addressing over 80 different pharmacological targets and pathways. Our data will support future drug discovery approaches and may serve as useful assessment platform for drug discovery and development against HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Wu
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway; www.pahnkelab.eu
| | - Luisa Möhle
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway; www.pahnkelab.eu
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway; www.pahnkelab.eu
| | - Iván Eiriz
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway; www.pahnkelab.eu
| | - Muhammad Rafehi
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katja Stefan
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway; www.pahnkelab.eu
| | - Sven Marcel Stefan
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway; www.pahnkelab.eu
- Pahnke Lab (Drug Development and Chemical Biology), Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (S.M.S.); Tel.: +47-23-071-466 (J.P.)
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway; www.pahnkelab.eu
- Pahnke Lab (Drug Development and Chemical Biology), Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 4, 1004 Rīga, Latvia
- Department of Neurobiology, The Georg S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (S.M.S.); Tel.: +47-23-071-466 (J.P.)
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12
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Jiang Y, Wang Z, Liu X, Wan M, Liu Y, Jiao B, Liao X, Luo Z, Wang Y, Hong C, Tan Y, Weng L, Zhou Y, Rao S, Cao J, Liu Z, Wan T, Zhu Y, Xie H, Shen L. The Protective Effects of Osteocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Against Alzheimer's Disease Diminished with Aging. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105316. [PMID: 35508803 PMCID: PMC9189667 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and osteoporosis (OP) are common age-associated degenerative diseases and are strongly correlated with clinical epidemiology. However, there is a lack of clear pathological relationship between the brain and bone in the current understanding. Here, it is found that young osteocyte, the most abundant cells in bone, secretes extracellular vesicles (OCYYoung -EVs) to ameliorate cognitive impairment and the pathogenesis of AD in APP/PS1 mice and model cells. These benefits of OCYYoung -EVs are diminished in aged osteocyte-derived EVs (OCYAged -EVs). Based on the self-constructed OCY-EVs tracer transgenic mouse models and the in vivo fluorescent imaging system, OCY-EVs have been observed to be transported to the brain under physiological and pathological conditions. In the hippocampal administration of Aβ40 induced young AD model mice, the intramedullary injection of Rab27a-shRNA adenovirus inhibits OCYYoung -EVs secretion from bone and aggravates cognitive impairment. Proteomic quantitative analysis reveals that OCYYoung -EVs, compared to OCYAged -EVs, enrich multiple protective factors of AD pathway. The study uncovers the role of OCY-EV as a regulator of brain health, suggesting a novel mechanism in bone-brain communication.
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13
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Yue Q, Zhou X, Zhang Z, Hoi MPM. Murine Beta-Amyloid (1-42) Oligomers Disrupt Endothelial Barrier Integrity and VEGFR Signaling via Activating Astrocytes to Release Deleterious Soluble Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031878. [PMID: 35163801 PMCID: PMC8836933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) overexpress mutations of the human amyloid protein precursor (APP) and presenilin-1 (PSEN1) genes, which are known causes of amyloid pathology in familial AD. However, animal models for studying AD in the context of aging and age-related co-morbidities, such as blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruptions, are lacking. More recently, aged and progeroid mouse models have been proposed as alternatives to study aging-related AD, but the toxicity of murine amyloid-beta protein (Aβ) is not well defined. In this study, we aimed to study the potential toxicity of murine Aβ on brain endothelial cells and astrocytes, which are important components of the BBB, using mouse brain endothelial cells (bEnd.3) and astrocytes (C8-D1A). Murine-soluble Aβ (1–42) oligomers (sAβO42) (10 µM) induced negligible injuries in an endothelial monolayer but induced significant barrier disruptions in a bEnd.3 and C8-D1A co-culture. Similar results of endothelial perturbation were observed in a bEnd.3 monolayer treated with astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM) generated by astrocytes exposed to sAβO42 (ACM-sAβO42), while additional exogenous sAβO42 did not cause further damage. Western blot analysis showed that ACM-sAβO42 altered the basal activities of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), eNOS, and the signaling of the MEK/ERK and Akt pathways in bEnd.3. Our results showed that murine sAβO42 was moderately toxic to an endothelial and astrocyte co-culture. These damaging effects on the endothelial barrier were induced by deleterious soluble factors released from astrocytes, which disrupted endothelial VEGFR2 signaling and perturbed cell survival and barrier stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China; (Q.Y.); (X.Z.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Xinhua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China; (Q.Y.); (X.Z.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine & New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Maggie Pui Man Hoi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China; (Q.Y.); (X.Z.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +853-8822-4876
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14
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Abstract
This review summarizes the available data about genetic factors which can link ischemic stroke and sleep. Sleep patterns (subjective and objective measures) are characterized by heritability and comprise up to 38-46%. According to Mendelian randomization analysis, genetic liability for short sleep duration and frequent insomnia symptoms is associated with ischemic stroke (predominantly of large artery subtype). The potential genetic links include variants of circadian genes, genes encoding components of neurotransmitter systems, common cardiovascular risk factors, as well as specific genetic factors related to certain sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila Korostovtseva
- Sleep Laboratory, Research Department for Hypertension, Department for Cardiology, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratov Str., Saint Petersburg, 197341, Russia.
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15
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Möhle L, Bascuñana P, Brackhan M, Pahnke J. Development of deep learning models for microglia analyses in brain tissue using DeePathology™ STUDIO. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 364:109371. [PMID: 34592173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interest in artificial intelligence-driven analysis of medical images has seen a steep increase in recent years. Thus, our paper aims to promote and facilitate the use of this state-of-the-art technology to fellow researchers and clinicians. NEW METHOD We present custom deep learning models generated in DeePathology™ STUDIO without the need for background knowledge in deep learning and computer science underlined by practical suggestions. RESULTS We describe the general workflow in this commercially available software and present three real-world examples how to detect microglia on IBA1-stained mouse brain sections including their differences, validation results and analysis of a sample slide. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Deep-learning assisted analysis of histological images is faster than classical analysis methods, and offers a wide variety of detection possibilities that are not available using methods based on staining intensity. CONCLUSIONS Reduced researcher bias, increased speed and extended possibilities make deep-learning assisted analysis of histological images superior to traditional analysis methods for histological images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Möhle
- Department of Pathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway.
| | - Pablo Bascuñana
- Department of Pathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway
| | - Mirjam Brackhan
- Department of Pathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway; LIED, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Department of Pathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway; LIED, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Rīga, Latvia.
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16
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Möhle L, Brackhan M, Bascuñana P, Pahnke J. Dimethyl fumarate does not mitigate cognitive decline and β-amyloidosis in female APPPS1 mice. Brain Res 2021; 1768:147579. [PMID: 34233173 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia and a major global health issue. Currently, only limited treatment options are available to patients. One possibility to expand the treatment repertoire is repurposing of existing drugs such as dimethyl fumarate (DMF). DMF is approved for treatment of multiple sclerosis and previous animal studies have suggested that DMF may also have a beneficial effect for the treatment of AD. METHODS We used an APPPS1 transgenic model of senile β-amyloidosis and treated female mice orally with DMF in two treatment paradigms (pre and post onset). We quantified learning and memory parameters, β-amyloidosis, and neuroinflammation to determine the potential of DMF as AD therapeutics. RESULTS Treatment with DMF had no influence on water maze performance, β-amyloid accumulation, plaque formation, microglia activation, and recruitment of immune cells to the brain. Compared to vehicle-treated animals, oral DMF treatment could not halt or retard disease progression in the mice. DISCUSSION Our results do not favour the use of DMF as treatment for AD. While our results stand in contrast to previous findings in other models, they emphasize the importance of animal model selection and suggest further studies to elucidate the mechanisms leading to conflicting results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Möhle
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway.
| | - Mirjam Brackhan
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway; LIED, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Pablo Bascuñana
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway; LIED, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Rīga, Latvia.
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17
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ABCC1 regulates cocaine-associated memory, spine plasticity and GluA1 and GluA2 surface expression. Neuroreport 2021; 32:833-839. [PMID: 34029289 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassettes C1 (ABCC1s) are expressed in the neurons of the brain, but their function in neurological diseases is far from clear. In this study, we investigated the role of ABCC1 in the hippocampus in cocaine-associated memory and spine plasticity. We also investigated the role of ABCC1 in AMPA receptors (AMPARs) surface expression in primary prefrontal cortex (PFC) neurons following dopamine treatment, which was used to mimic exposure to cocaine. We found that cocaine increased ABCC1 expression in the hippocampus, and ABCC1-siRNA blocked cocaine-induced place preference. Furthermore, a morphological study showed that ABCC1-siRNA reduced the total spine density, including thin, stubby and mushroom spines in both cocaine and basal treatments compared with controls. Meanwhile, in vitro tests showed that ABCC1-siRNA decreased GluA1 and GluA2 surface expression induced by dopamine, while a decreased number of synapses in primary PFC neurons was observed following dopamine treatment. The data show that ABCC1 in the hippocampus is critically involved in cocaine-associated memory and spine plasticity and that dopamine induces AMPARs surface expression in primary PFC neurons. ABCC1 is thus presented as a new signaling molecule involved in cocaine addiction, which may provide a new target for the treatment of cocaine addiction.
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18
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Yu J, Xiong C, Zhuo B, Wen Z, Shen J, Liu C, Chang L, Wang K, Wang M, Wu C, Wu X, Xu X, Ruan H, Li G. Analysis of Local Chromatin States Reveals Gene Transcription Potential during Mouse Neural Progenitor Cell Differentiation. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107953. [PMID: 32726618 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin dynamics play a critical role in cell fate determination and maintenance by regulating the expression of genes essential for development and differentiation. In mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), maintenance of pluripotency coincides with a poised chromatin state containing active and repressive histone modifications. However, the structural features of poised chromatin are largely uncharacterized. By adopting mild time-course MNase-seq with computational analysis, the low-compact chromatin in mESCs is featured in two groups: one in more open regions, corresponding to an active state, and the other enriched with bivalent histone modifications, considered the poised state. A parameter called the chromatin opening potential index (COPI) is also devised to quantify the transcription potential based on the dynamic changes of MNase-seq signals at promoter regions. Use of COPI provides effective prediction of gene activation potential and, more importantly, reveals a few developmental factors essential for mouse neural progenitor cell (NPC) differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chaoyang Xiong
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Baowen Zhuo
- Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518102, China
| | - Zengqi Wen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jie Shen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Cuifang Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Luyuan Chang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kehui Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Min Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chenyi Wu
- Molecular Biophysics Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK
| | - Xudong Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road 22, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xueqing Xu
- Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518102, China.
| | - Haihe Ruan
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Guohong Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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19
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Jepsen WM, De Both M, Siniard AL, Ramsey K, Piras IS, Naymik M, Henderson A, Huentelman MJ. Adenosine triphosphate binding cassette subfamily C member 1 ( ABCC1) overexpression reduces APP processing and increases alpha- versus beta-secretase activity, in vitro. Biol Open 2021; 10:bio.054627. [PMID: 32878879 PMCID: PMC7860133 DOI: 10.1242/bio.054627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The organic anion transporter Adenosine triphosphate binding cassette subfamily C member 1 (ABCC1), also known as MRP1, has been demonstrated in murine models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) to export amyloid beta (Abeta) from the endothelial cells of the blood–brain barrier to the periphery, and that pharmaceutical activation of ABCC1 can reduce amyloid plaque deposition in the brain. Here, we show that ABCC1 is not only capable of exporting Abeta from the cytoplasm of human cells, but also that its overexpression significantly reduces Abeta production and increases the ratio of alpha- versus beta-secretase mediated cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), likely via indirect modulation of alpha-, beta- and gamma-secretase activity. Summary:Adenosine triphosphate binding cassette subfamily C member 1 (ABCC1) overexpression skews APP processing towards the non-amyloidogenic pathway. Increasing ABCC1 expression or activity may prevent or attenuate Alzheimer's disease symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne M Jepsen
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N. 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004 USA.,Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 3330 N. 2nd St., Ste. 402 Phoenix, AZ, 85012 USA.,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E. Tyler Mall Tempe, AZ, 85281 USA.,Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, 4745 N. 7th St., Ste. 105 Phoenix, AZ, 85014 USA
| | - Matthew De Both
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N. 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004 USA
| | - Ashley L Siniard
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N. 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004 USA.,Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 3330 N. 2nd St., Ste. 402 Phoenix, AZ, 85012 USA
| | - Keri Ramsey
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N. 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004 USA.,Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 3330 N. 2nd St., Ste. 402 Phoenix, AZ, 85012 USA
| | - Ignazio S Piras
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N. 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004 USA.,Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, 4745 N. 7th St., Ste. 105 Phoenix, AZ, 85014 USA
| | - Marcus Naymik
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N. 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004 USA.,Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 3330 N. 2nd St., Ste. 402 Phoenix, AZ, 85012 USA
| | - Adrienne Henderson
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N. 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004 USA
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N. 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004 USA .,Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 3330 N. 2nd St., Ste. 402 Phoenix, AZ, 85012 USA.,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E. Tyler Mall Tempe, AZ, 85281 USA.,Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, 4745 N. 7th St., Ste. 105 Phoenix, AZ, 85014 USA
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20
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Bascuñana P, Brackhan M, Pahnke J. Machine Learning-Supported Analyses Improve Quantitative Histological Assessments of Amyloid-β Deposits and Activated Microglia. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:597-605. [PMID: 33337377 PMCID: PMC7902967 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detailed pathology analysis and morphological quantification is tedious and prone to errors. Automatic image analysis can help to increase objectivity and reduce time. Here, we present the evaluation of the DeePathology STUDIO™ for automatic analysis of histological whole-slide images using machine learning/artificial intelligence. OBJECTIVE To evaluate and validate the use of DeePathology STUDIO for the analysis of histological slides at high resolution. METHODS We compared the DeePathology STUDIO and our current standard method using macros in AxioVision for the analysis of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and microglia in APP-transgenic mice at different ages. We analyzed density variables and total time invested with each approach. In addition, we correlated Aβ concentration in brain tissue measured by ELISA with the results of Aβ staining analysis. RESULTS DeePathology STUDIO showed a significant decrease of the time for establishing new analyses and the total analysis time by up to 90%. On the other hand, both approaches showed similar quantitative results in plaque and activated microglia density in the different experimental groups. DeePathology STUDIO showed higher sensitivity and accuracy for small-sized plaques. In addition, DeePathology STUDIO allowed the classification of plaques in diffuse- and dense-packed, which was not possible with our traditional analysis. CONCLUSION DeePathology STUDIO substantially reduced the effort needed for a new analysis showing comparable quantitative results to the traditional approach. In addition, it allowed including different objects (categories) or cell types in a single analysis, which is not possible with conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Bascuñana
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway
| | - Mirjam Brackhan
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway.,LIED, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Rīga, Latvia.,Department for Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
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21
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Barrett T, Stangis KA, Saito T, Saido T, Park KH. Neuronal Cell Cycle Re-Entry Enhances Neuropathological Features in AppNLF Knock-In Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:1683-1702. [PMID: 34219712 PMCID: PMC8461670 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant cell cycle re-entry is a well-documented process occurring early in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This is an early feature of the disease and may contribute to disease pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of forced neuronal cell cycle re-entry in mice expressing humanized Aβ, we crossed our neuronal cell cycle re-entry mouse model with AppNLF knock-in (KI) mice. METHODS Our neuronal cell cycle re-entry (NCCR) mouse model is bitransgenic mice heterozygous for both Camk2a-tTA and TRE-SV40T. The NCCR mice were crossed with AppNLF KI mice to generate NCCR-AppNLF animals. Using this tet-off system, we triggered NCCR in our animals via neuronal expression of SV40T starting at 1 month of age. The animals were examined at the following time points: 9, 12, and 18 months of age. Various neuropathological features in our mice were evaluated by image analysis and stereology on brain sections stained using either immunofluorescence or immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We show that neuronal cell cycle re-entry in humanized Aβ plaque producing AppNLF KI mice results in the development of additional AD-related pathologies, namely, pathological tau, neuroinflammation, brain leukocyte infiltration, DNA damage response, and neurodegeneration. CONCLUSION Our findings show that neuronal cell cycle re-entry enhances AD-related neuropathological features in AppNLF mice and highlight our unique AD mouse model for studying the pathogenic role of aberrant cell cycle re-entry in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Barrett
- Neuroscience Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | | | - Takashi Saito
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takaomi Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kevin H.J. Park
- Neuroscience Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
- Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
- Biochemistry, Cellular & Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
- Michigan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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22
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Upīte J, Brüning T, Möhle L, Brackhan M, Bascuñana P, Jansone B, Pahnke J. A New Tool for the Analysis of the Effect of Intracerebrally Injected Anti-Amyloid-β Compounds. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:1677-1690. [PMID: 34719500 PMCID: PMC8764605 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A wide range of techniques has been developed over the past decades to characterize amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology in mice. Until now, no method has been established to quantify spatial changes in Aβ plaque deposition due to targeted delivery of substances using ALZET® pumps. OBJECTIVE Development of a methodology to quantify the local distribution of Aβ plaques after intracerebral infusion of compounds. METHODS We have developed a toolbox to quantify Aβ plaques in relation to intracerebral injection channels using Zeiss AxioVision® and Microsoft Excel® software. For the proof of concept, intracerebral stereotactic surgery was performed in 50-day-old APP-transgenic mice injected with PBS. At the age of 100 days, brains were collected for immunhistological analysis. RESULTS The toolbox can be used to analyze and evaluate Aβ plaques (number, size, and coverage) in specific brain areas based on their location relative to the point of the injection or the injection channel. The tool provides classification of Aβ plaques in pre-defined distance groups using two different approaches. CONCLUSION This new analytic toolbox facilitates the analysis of long-term continuous intracerebral experimental compound infusions using ALZET® pumps. This method generates reliable data for Aβ deposition characterization in relation to the distribution of experimental compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Upīte
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Rīga, Latvia
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway
| | - Luisa Möhle
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway
| | - Mirjam Brackhan
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway
- LIED, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Pablo Bascuñana
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway
| | - Baiba Jansone
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Rīga, Latvia
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Rīga, Latvia
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway
- LIED, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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23
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Xu F, Ono M, Ito T, Uchiumi O, Wang F, Zhang Y, Sun P, Zhang Q, Yamaki S, Yamamoto R, Kato N. Remodeling of projections from ventral hippocampus to prefrontal cortex in Alzheimer's mice. J Comp Neurol 2020; 529:1486-1498. [PMID: 32930407 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Emotional dysregulation often accompanies cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The hippocampus, most notably damaged by AD pathology, is classified into the cognition-bound posterior and emotion-bound anterior hippocampi. Since the anterior hippocampus or its rodent counterpart, the ventral hippocampus (VH), sends dense afferents to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the basolateral amygdala (BLA), the two structures implicated in fear responses, we investigated whether these afferents are modified in 3xTg AD model mice. An anterograde dextrin tracer injected into VH revealed that axons in PFC were more ramified in 3xTg than wild-type (WT) mice, with the synaptic density reduced. The VH projections to BLA were not affected. Intracellular accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) or Aβ-like immunoreactivity was found in PFC and BLA neurons alike. Behaviorally, in the 2-way active avoidance test, the frequency of chamber change was higher, with the test performance better, in 3xTg than WT mice, suggesting a distorted contextual fear in the 3xTg group. Given the essential involvement of parts of PFC in contextual fear responses and that of BLA in fear responses in general, the observed remodeling of VH-to-PFC afferents and the accumulation of intracellular Aβ in BLA and PFC pyramidal cells might exercise critical influences on enhanced avoidance behavior in 3xTg mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0923, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Munenori Ono
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0923, Japan
| | - Tetsufumi Ito
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Osamu Uchiumi
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0923, Japan
| | - Furong Wang
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0923, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0923, Japan.,Medical College, Qinghai University, Xinin, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0923, Japan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0923, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sachiko Yamaki
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0923, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamamoto
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0923, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kato
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0923, Japan
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24
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Jha NK, Kar R, Niranjan R. ABC Transporters in Neurological Disorders: An Important Gateway for Botanical Compounds Mediated Neuro-Therapeutics. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:795-811. [PMID: 30977450 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190412121811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a distinguishing feature of many age related disorders and other vector borne neuroinflammatory diseases. There are a number of factors that can modulate the pathology of these disorders. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are primarily involved in the maintenance of normal brain homeostasis by eliminating toxic peptides and compounds from the brain. Also, ABC transporters protect the brain from the unwanted effects of endogenous and exogenous toxins that can enter the brain parenchyma. Therefore, these transporters have the ability to determine the pathological outcomes of several neurological disorders. For instance, ABC transporters like P-glycoprotein (ABCB1), and BCRP (ABCG2) have been reported to facilitate the clearance of peptides such as amyloid-β (Aβ) that accumulate in the brain during Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Other members such as ABCA1, ABCA2, ABCC8, ABCC9, ABCG1 and ABCG4 also have been reported to be involved in the progression of various brain disorders such as HIV-associated dementia, Multiple sclerosis (MS), Ischemic stroke, Japanese encephalitis (JE) and Epilepsy. However, these defective transporters can be targeted by numerous botanical compounds such as Verapamil, Berberine and Fascalpsyn as a therapeutic target to treat these neurological outcomes. These compounds are already reported to modulate ABC transporter activity in the CNS. Nonetheless, the exact mechanisms involving the ABC transporters role in normal brain functioning, their role in neuronal dysfunction and how these botanical compounds ensure and facilitate their therapeutic action in association with defective transporters still remain elusive. This review therefore, summarizes the role of ABC transporters in neurological disorders, with a special emphasis on its role in AD brains. The prospect of using botanical/natural compounds as modulators of ABC transporters in neurological disorders is discussed in the latter half of the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology (NIET), Greater Noida, India
| | - Rohan Kar
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology (NIET), Greater Noida, India
| | - Rituraj Niranjan
- Unit of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, ICMR-Vector Control Research Center, Puducherry-605006, India
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25
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Krohn M, Zoufal V, Mairinger S, Wanek T, Paarmann K, Brüning T, Eiriz I, Brackhan M, Langer O, Pahnke J. Generation and Characterization of an Abcc1 Humanized Mouse Model ( hABCC1flx/flx ) with Knockout Capability. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:138-147. [PMID: 31189668 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.115824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters such as ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein), ABCC1 (MRP1), and ABCG2 (BCRP) are well known for their role in rendering cancer cells resistant to chemotherapy. Additionally, recent research provided evidence that, along with other ABC transporters (ABCA1 and ABCA7), they might be cornerstones to tackle neurodegenerative diseases. Overcoming chemoresistance in cancer, understanding drug-drug interactions, and developing efficient and specific drugs that alter ABC transporter function are hindered by a lack of in vivo research models, which are fully predictive for humans. Hence, the humanization of ABC transporters in mice has become a major focus in pharmaceutical and neurodegenerative research. Here, we present a characterization of the first Abcc1 humanized mouse line. To preserve endogenous expression profiles, we chose to generate a knockin mouse model that leads to the expression of a chimeric protein that is fully human except for one amino acid. We found robust mRNA and protein expression within all major organs analyzed (brain, lung, spleen, and kidney). Furthermore, we demonstrate the functionality of the expressed human ABCC1 protein in brain and lungs using functional positron emission tomography imaging in vivo. Through the introduction of loxP sites, we additionally enabled this humanized mouse model for highly sophisticated studies involving cell type-specific transporter ablation. Based on our data, the presented mouse model appears to be a promising tool for the investigation of cell-specific ABCC1 function. It can provide a new basis for better translation of preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Krohn
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (M.K., K.P., T.B., I.E., M.B., J.P.); Biomedical Systems, Center for Health & Bioresources, Austrian Institute of Technology, Seibersdorf, Austria (V.Z., S.M., T.W., O.L.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (O.L.); Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J.P.); Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany (J.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Latvia, Rīga, Latvia (J.P.)
| | - Viktoria Zoufal
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (M.K., K.P., T.B., I.E., M.B., J.P.); Biomedical Systems, Center for Health & Bioresources, Austrian Institute of Technology, Seibersdorf, Austria (V.Z., S.M., T.W., O.L.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (O.L.); Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J.P.); Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany (J.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Latvia, Rīga, Latvia (J.P.)
| | - Severin Mairinger
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (M.K., K.P., T.B., I.E., M.B., J.P.); Biomedical Systems, Center for Health & Bioresources, Austrian Institute of Technology, Seibersdorf, Austria (V.Z., S.M., T.W., O.L.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (O.L.); Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J.P.); Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany (J.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Latvia, Rīga, Latvia (J.P.)
| | - Thomas Wanek
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (M.K., K.P., T.B., I.E., M.B., J.P.); Biomedical Systems, Center for Health & Bioresources, Austrian Institute of Technology, Seibersdorf, Austria (V.Z., S.M., T.W., O.L.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (O.L.); Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J.P.); Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany (J.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Latvia, Rīga, Latvia (J.P.)
| | - Kristin Paarmann
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (M.K., K.P., T.B., I.E., M.B., J.P.); Biomedical Systems, Center for Health & Bioresources, Austrian Institute of Technology, Seibersdorf, Austria (V.Z., S.M., T.W., O.L.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (O.L.); Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J.P.); Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany (J.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Latvia, Rīga, Latvia (J.P.)
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (M.K., K.P., T.B., I.E., M.B., J.P.); Biomedical Systems, Center for Health & Bioresources, Austrian Institute of Technology, Seibersdorf, Austria (V.Z., S.M., T.W., O.L.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (O.L.); Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J.P.); Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany (J.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Latvia, Rīga, Latvia (J.P.)
| | - Ivan Eiriz
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (M.K., K.P., T.B., I.E., M.B., J.P.); Biomedical Systems, Center for Health & Bioresources, Austrian Institute of Technology, Seibersdorf, Austria (V.Z., S.M., T.W., O.L.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (O.L.); Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J.P.); Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany (J.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Latvia, Rīga, Latvia (J.P.)
| | - Mirjam Brackhan
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (M.K., K.P., T.B., I.E., M.B., J.P.); Biomedical Systems, Center for Health & Bioresources, Austrian Institute of Technology, Seibersdorf, Austria (V.Z., S.M., T.W., O.L.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (O.L.); Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J.P.); Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany (J.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Latvia, Rīga, Latvia (J.P.)
| | - Oliver Langer
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (M.K., K.P., T.B., I.E., M.B., J.P.); Biomedical Systems, Center for Health & Bioresources, Austrian Institute of Technology, Seibersdorf, Austria (V.Z., S.M., T.W., O.L.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (O.L.); Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J.P.); Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany (J.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Latvia, Rīga, Latvia (J.P.)
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (M.K., K.P., T.B., I.E., M.B., J.P.); Biomedical Systems, Center for Health & Bioresources, Austrian Institute of Technology, Seibersdorf, Austria (V.Z., S.M., T.W., O.L.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (O.L.); Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J.P.); Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany (J.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Latvia, Rīga, Latvia (J.P.)
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Paarmann K, Prakash SR, Krohn M, Möhle L, Brackhan M, Brüning T, Eiriz I, Pahnke J. French maritime pine bark treatment decelerates plaque development and improves spatial memory in Alzheimer's disease mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 57:39-48. [PMID: 30668321 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant extracts are increasingly investigated as potential drugs against Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia in general. Pycnogenol is an extract from the bark of the French maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton subsp. atlantica) with known anti-oxidative and neuroprotective effects. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE Pycnogenol is thought to improve cognitive functions in elderly. We wanted to investigate and quantify these effects in a model system of cerebral ß-amyloidosis/AD. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS This study experimentally assessed the effects of Pycnogenol on AD-related pathology in a ß-amyloidosis mouse model. APP-transgenic mice and controls were treated orally in a pre-onset and post-onset treatment paradigm. The effects of Pycnogenol were characterized by analysing ß-amyloid (Aß) plaques, number of neurons, glia coverage, myelination pattern, and cortical coverage with axons using immunohistochemistry. Aß levels were quantified using ELISA and gene expression levels of APP-processing enzymes ADAM10, BACE1 and IDE protein levels were determined by Western blot. Behavioural changes in circadian rhythm were monitored and spatial memory / cognition was assessed using a water maze test. RESULTS Pycnogenol significantly decreased the number of plaques in both treatment paradigms but did not alter levels of soluble Aß or the gene expression of APP-processing enzymes. The morphological analyses revealed no changes in the number of neurons, astrocytes, microglia, the myelination pattern, or the morphology of axons. Behavioural testing revealed an improvement of the spatial memory in the pre-onset treatment paradigm only. CONCLUSION Our results suggest to evaluate clinically a potential use of Pycnogenol in the prevention or in early stages of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Paarmann
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway; LIED, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - S R Prakash
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway
| | - M Krohn
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway
| | - L Möhle
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway; Department for Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - M Brackhan
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway
| | - T Brüning
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway
| | - I Eiriz
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway
| | - J Pahnke
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway; LIED, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department for Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Rīga, Latvia.
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27
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Bossak-Ahmad K, Mital M, Płonka D, Drew SC, Bal W. Oligopeptides Generated by Neprilysin Degradation of β-Amyloid Have the Highest Cu(II) Affinity in the Whole Aβ Family. Inorg Chem 2018; 58:932-943. [PMID: 30582328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The catabolism of β-amyloid (Aβ) is carried out by numerous endopeptidases including neprilysin, which hydrolyzes peptide bonds preceding positions 4, 10, and 12 to yield Aβ4-9 and a minor Aβ12- x species. Alternative processing of the amyloid precursor protein by β-secretase also generates the Aβ11- x species. All these peptides contain a Xxx-Yyy-His sequence, also known as an ATCUN or NTS motif, making them strong chelators of Cu(II) ions. We synthesized the corresponding peptides, Phe-Arg-His-Asp-Ser-Gly-OH (Aβ4-9), Glu-Val-His-His-Gln-Lys-am (Aβ11-16), Val-His-His-Gln-Lys-am (Aβ12-16), and pGlu-Val-His-His-Gln-Lys-am (pAβ11-16), and investigated their Cu(II) binding properties using potentiometry, and UV-vis, circular dichroism, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies. We found that the three peptides with unmodified N-termini formed square-planar Cu(II) complexes at pH 7.4 with analogous geometries but significantly varied Kd values of 6.6 fM (Aβ4-9), 9.5 fM (Aβ12-16), and 1.8 pM (Aβ11-16). Cyclization of the N-terminal Glu11 residue to the pyroglutamate species pAβ11-16 dramatically reduced the affinity (5.8 nM). The Cu(II) affinities of Aβ4-9 and Aβ12-16 are the highest among the Cu(II) complexes of Aβ peptides. Using fluorescence spectroscopy, we demonstrated that the Cu(II) exchange between the Phe-Arg-His and Val-His-His motifs is very slow, on the order of days. These results are discussed in terms of the relevance of Aβ4-9, a major Cu(II) binding Aβ fragment generated by neprilysin, as a possible Cu(II) carrier in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Bossak-Ahmad
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics , Polish Academy of Sciences , 02-106 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Mariusz Mital
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics , Polish Academy of Sciences , 02-106 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Dawid Płonka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics , Polish Academy of Sciences , 02-106 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Simon C Drew
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics , Polish Academy of Sciences , 02-106 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Wojciech Bal
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics , Polish Academy of Sciences , 02-106 Warsaw , Poland
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28
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Krohn M, Wanek T, Menet MC, Noack A, Declèves X, Langer O, Löscher W, Pahnke J. Humanization of the Blood-Brain Barrier Transporter ABCB1 in Mice Disrupts Genomic Locus - Lessons from Three Unsuccessful Approaches. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2018; 8:78-86. [PMID: 30345087 PMCID: PMC6186017 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2018.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are of major importance for the restricted access of toxins and drugs to the human body. At the body's barrier tissues like the blood-brain barrier, these transporters are highly represented. Especially, ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein) has been a priority target of pharmaceutical research, for instance, to aid chemotherapy of cancers, therapy resistant epilepsy, and lately even neurodegenerative diseases. To improve translational research, the humanization of mouse genes has become a popular tool although, like recently seen for Abcb1, not all approaches were successful. Here, we report the characterization of another unsuccessful commercially available ABCB1 humanized mouse strain. In vivo assessment of transporter activity using positron emission tomography imaging revealed a severe reduction of ABCB1 function in the brain of these mice. Analyses of brain mRNA and protein expression showed that the murine Abcb1a gene is still expressed in homozygous humanized animals while expression of the human gene is minimal. Promoter region analyses underpinned that the introduced human gene might dysregulate normal expression and provided insights into the regulation of both transcription and translation of Abcb1a. We conclude that insertion of the human coding DNA sequence (CDS) into exon 3 instead of exon 2 most probably represents a more promising strategy for Abcb1a humanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Krohn
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Department of Neuro-Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Wanek
- Center for Health and Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Marie-Claude Menet
- Inserm UMR-S 1144, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Andreas Noack
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Xavier Declèves
- Inserm UMR-S 1144, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Oliver Langer
- Center for Health and Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Department of Neuro-Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- LIED, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
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Jian WX, Zhang Z, Chu SF, Peng Y, Chen NH. Potential roles of brain barrier dysfunctions in the early stage of Alzheimer’s disease. Brain Res Bull 2018; 142:360-367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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Hofrichter J, Krohn M, Schumacher T, Lange C, Feistel B, Walbroel B, Pahnke J. Sideritis spp. Extracts Enhance Memory and Learning in Alzheimer's β-Amyloidosis Mouse Models and Aged C57Bl/6 Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 53:967-80. [PMID: 27258424 PMCID: PMC4981905 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, Alzheimer’s disease is the most prevalent epiphenomenon of the aging population. Although soluble amyloid-β (Aβ) species (monomers, oligomers) are recognized triggers of the disease, no therapeutic approach is able to stop it. Herbal medicines are used to treat different diseases in many regions of the world. On the Balkan Peninsula, at the eastern Mediterranean Sea, and adjacent regions, Sideritis species are used as traditional medicine to prevent age-related problems in elderly. To evaluate this traditional knowledge in controlled experiments, we tested extracts of two commonly used Sideritis species, Sideritis euboea and Sideritis scardica, with regard to their effects on cognition in APP-transgenic and aged, non-transgenic C57Bl/6 mice. Additionally, histomorphological and biochemical changes associated with Aβ deposition and treatment were assessed. We found that daily oral treatment with Sideritis spp. extracts highly enhanced cognition in aged, non-transgenic as well as in APP-transgenic mice, an effect that was even more pronounced when extracts of both species were applied in combination. The treatment strongly reduced Aβ42 load in APP-transgenic mice, accompanied by increased phagocytic activity of microglia, and increased expression of the α-secretase ADAM10. Moreover, the treatment was able to fully rescue neuronal loss of APP-transgenic mice to normal levels as seen in non-transgenic controls. Having the traditional knowledge in mind, our results imply that treatment with Sideritis spp. extracts might be a potent, well-tolerated option for treating symptoms of cognitive impairment in elderly and with regard to Alzheimer’s disease by affecting its most prominent hallmarks: Aβ pathology and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Krohn
- University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Department of Neuro-/Pathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Oslo, Norway.,University of Rostock, Department of Neurology, Rostock, Germany
| | - Toni Schumacher
- University of Rostock, Department of Neurology, Rostock, Germany
| | - Cathleen Lange
- University of Rostock, Department of Neurology, Rostock, Germany
| | | | | | - Jens Pahnke
- University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Department of Neuro-/Pathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Oslo, Norway.,University of Rostock, Department of Neurology, Rostock, Germany.,University of Lübeck, Lübeck (LIED), Lübeck, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle, Germany
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31
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Hashimoto M, Ho G, Sugama S, Takamatsu Y, Shimizu Y, Takenouchi T, Waragai M, Masliah E. Evolvability of Amyloidogenic Proteins in Human Brain. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 62:73-83. [PMID: 29439348 PMCID: PMC5817905 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the physiological roles of amyloidogenic proteins (APs) in human brain, such as amyloid-β and α-synuclein, are elusive. Given that many APs arose by gene duplication and have been resistant against the pressures of natural selection, APs may be associated with some functions that are advantageous for survival of offspring. Nonetheless, evolvability is the sole physiological quality of APs that has been characterized in microorganisms such as yeast. Since yeast and human brain may share similar strategies in coping with diverse range of critical environmental stresses, the objective of this paper was to discuss the potential role of evolvability of APs in aging-associated neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Given the heterogeneity of APs in terms of structure and cytotoxicity, it is argued that APs might be involved in preconditioning against diverse stresses in human brain. It is further speculated that these stress-related APs, most likely protofibrillar forms, might be transmitted to offspring via the germline, conferring preconditioning against forthcoming stresses. Thus, APs might represent a vehicle for the inheritance of the acquired characteristics against environmental stresses. Curiously, such a characteristic of APs is reminiscent of Charles Darwin's 'gemmules', imagined molecules of heritability described in his pangenesis theory. We propose that evolvability might be a physiological function of APs during the reproductive stage and neurodegenerative diseases could be a by-product effect manifested later in aging. Collectively, our evolvability hypothesis may play a complementary role in the pathophysiology of APs with the conventional amyloid cascade hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hashimoto
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gilbert Ho
- PCND Neuroscience Research Institute, Poway, CA, USA
| | - Shuei Sugama
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Takamatsu
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Shimizu
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takato Takenouchi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masaaki Waragai
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Division of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Drew SC. The Case for Abandoning Therapeutic Chelation of Copper Ions in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:317. [PMID: 28626387 PMCID: PMC5455140 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The "therapeutic chelation" approach to treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) evolved from the metals hypothesis, with the premise that small molecules can be designed to prevent transition metal-induced amyloid deposition and oxidative stress within the AD brain. Over more than 20 years, countless in vitro studies have been devoted to characterizing metal binding, its effect on Aβ aggregation, ROS production, and in vitro toxicity. Despite a lack of evidence for any clinical benefit, the conjecture that therapeutic chelation is an effective approach for treating AD remains widespread. Here, the author plays the devil's advocate, questioning the experimental evidence, the dogma, and the value of therapeutic chelation, with a major focus on copper ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon C. Drew
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of MelbourneMelbourne, VIC, Australia
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33
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Duarte AC, Hrynchak MV, Gonçalves I, Quintela T, Santos CRA. Sex Hormone Decline and Amyloid β Synthesis, Transport and Clearance in the Brain. J Neuroendocrinol 2016; 28. [PMID: 27632792 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sex hormones (SH) are essential regulators of the central nervous system. The decline in SH levels along with ageing may contribute to compromised neuroprotection and set the grounds for neurodegeneration and cognitive impairments. In Alzheimer's disease, besides other pathological features, there is an imbalance between amyloid β (Aβ) production and clearance, leading to its accumulation in the brain of older subjects. Aβ accumulation is a primary cause for brain inflammation and degeneration, as well as concomitant cognitive decline. There is mounting evidence that SH modulate Aβ production, transport and clearance. Importantly, SH regulate most of the molecules involved in the amyloidogenic pathway, their transport across brain barriers for elimination, and their degradation in the brain interstitial fluid. This review brings together data on the regulation of Aβ production, metabolism, degradation and clearance by SH.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Duarte
- Health Sciences Research Centre - CICS-UBI, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - M V Hrynchak
- Health Sciences Research Centre - CICS-UBI, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - I Gonçalves
- Health Sciences Research Centre - CICS-UBI, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - T Quintela
- Health Sciences Research Centre - CICS-UBI, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - C R A Santos
- Health Sciences Research Centre - CICS-UBI, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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34
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Costa AR, Marcelino H, Gonçalves I, Quintela T, Tomás J, Duarte AC, Fonseca AM, Santos CRA. Sex Hormones Protect Against Amyloid-β Induced Oxidative Stress in the Choroid Plexus Cell Line Z310. J Neuroendocrinol 2016; 28. [PMID: 27328988 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The choroid plexus (CP) epithelium is a unique structure in the brain that forms an interface between the peripheral blood on the basal side and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on the apical side. It is a relevant source of many polypeptides secreted to the CSF with neuroprotective functions and also participates in the elimination and detoxification of brain metabolites, such as β-amyloid (Aβ) removal from the CSF through transporter-mediated influx. The CP is also a target tissue for sex hormones (SHs) that have recognised neuroprotective effects against a variety of insults, including Aβ toxicity and oxidative stress in the central nervous system. The present study aimed to understand how SHs modulate Aβ-induced oxidative stress in a CP cell line (Z310 cell line) by analysing the effects of Aβ1-42 on oxidative stress, mitochondrial function and apoptosis, as well as by assessing how 17β-oestradiol (E2 ) and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) modulated these effects and the cellular uptake of Aβ1-42 by CP cells. Our findings show that E2 and DHT treatment reduce Aβ1-42 -induced oxidative stress and the internalisation of Aβ1-42 by CP epithelial cells, highlighting the importance of considering the background of SHs and therefore sex-related differences in Aβ metabolism and clearance by CP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Costa
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - H Marcelino
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - I Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - T Quintela
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - J Tomás
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - A C Duarte
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - A M Fonseca
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - C R A Santos
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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Kuntz M, Candela P, Saint-Pol J, Lamartinière Y, Boucau MC, Sevin E, Fenart L, Gosselet F. Bexarotene Promotes Cholesterol Efflux and Restricts Apical-to-Basolateral Transport of Amyloid-β Peptides in an In Vitro Model of the Human Blood-Brain Barrier. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 48:849-62. [PMID: 26402114 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
One of the prime features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the excessive accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in the brain. Several recent studies suggest that this phenomenon results from the dysregulation of cholesterol homeostasis in the brain and impaired bidirectional Aβ exchange between blood and brain. These mechanisms appear to be closely related and are controlled by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) at the brain microvessel level. In animal models of AD, the anticancer drug bexarotene (a retinoid X receptor agonist) has been found to restore cognitive functions and decrease the brain amyloid burden by regulating cholesterol homeostasis. However, the drug's therapeutic effect is subject to debate and the exact mechanism of action has not been characterized. Therefore, the objective of this present study was to determine bexarotene's effects on the BBB. Using an in vitro model of the human BBB, we investigated the drug's effects on cholesterol exchange between abluminal and luminal compartments and the apical-to-basolateral transport of Aβ peptides across the BBB. Our results demonstrated that bexarotene induces the expression of ABCA1 but not ApoE. This upregulation correlates with an increase in ApoE2-, ApoE4-, ApoA-I-, and HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux. Regarding the transport of Aβ peptides, bexarotene increases the expression of ABCB1, which in turn decreases Aβ apical-to-basolateral transport. Our results showed that bexarotene not only promotes the cholesterol exchange between the brain and the blood but also decreases the influx of Aβ peptides across BBB, suggesting that bexarotene is a promising drug candidate for the treatment of AD.
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Feldman AM. Neprilysin Inhibition in the Time of Precision Medicine. JACC. HEART FAILURE 2016; 4:S2213-1779(16)30049-X. [PMID: 27107556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur M Feldman
- Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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37
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John T. Neue Ansätze gegen Alzheimer. CHEM UNSERER ZEIT 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.201590051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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