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Jia Y, Jiang Y, He Y, Zhang W, Zou J, Magar KT, Boucetta H, Teng C, He W. Approved Nanomedicine against Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:774. [PMID: 36986635 PMCID: PMC10059816 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine is a branch of medicine using nanotechnology to prevent and treat diseases. Nanotechnology represents one of the most effective approaches in elevating a drug's treatment efficacy and reducing toxicity by improving drug solubility, altering biodistribution, and controlling the release. The development of nanotechnology and materials has brought a profound revolution to medicine, significantly affecting the treatment of various major diseases such as cancer, injection, and cardiovascular diseases. Nanomedicine has experienced explosive growth in the past few years. Although the clinical transition of nanomedicine is not very satisfactory, traditional drugs still occupy a dominant position in formulation development, but increasingly active drugs have adopted nanoscale forms to limit side effects and improve efficacy. The review summarized the approved nanomedicine, its indications, and the properties of commonly used nanocarriers and nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchao Jia
- Nanjing Vtrying Pharmatech Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211122, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yuxin Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yonglong He
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wanting Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jiahui Zou
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | | | - Hamza Boucetta
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chao Teng
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wei He
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
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He Y, Zhang W, Xiao Q, Fan L, Huang D, Chen W, He W. Liposomes and liposome-like nanoparticles: From anti-fungal infection to the COVID-19 pandemic treatment. Asian J Pharm Sci 2022; 17:817-837. [PMID: 36415834 PMCID: PMC9671608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The liposome is the first nanomedicine transformed into the market and applied to human patients. Since then, such phospholipid bilayer vesicles have undergone technological advancements in delivering small molecular-weight compounds and biological drugs. Numerous investigations about liposome uses were conducted in different treatment fields, including anti-tumor, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, and clinical analgesia, owing to liposome's ability to reduce drug cytotoxicity and improve the therapeutic efficacy and combinatorial delivery. In particular, two liposomal vaccines were approved in 2021 to combat COVID-19. Herein, the clinically used liposomes are reviewed by introducing various liposomal preparations in detail that are currently proceeding in the clinic or on the market. Finally, we discuss the challenges of developing liposomes and cutting-edge liposomal delivery for biological drugs and combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglong He
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wanting Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qingqing Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lifang Fan
- Jiangsu Aosaikang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211112, China
| | - Dechun Huang
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei He
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
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Koç A, Karabay AZ, Yaprak A, Büyükbingöl Z, Aktan F. Effect of Probucol on Proliferation of Leukemia, Multiple Myeloma, Lymphoma, and Fibroblast Cells. Turk J Pharm Sci 2021; 18:75-79. [PMID: 33634671 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2019.04657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Probucol is a bisphenol antioxidant with antiinflammatory, antilipidemic and antidiabetic effect. Development and progression of cancer is closely related to chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Agents that target these processes have been shown to modulate cancer cell proliferation. In this regard, the effect of probucol on proliferation of different cancer cell lines was investigated. Materials and Methods Different concentrations of probucol solutions were prepared and applied to the following cancer cell lines: K562S (imatinib sensitive) and K562R (imatinib resistant) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells; U937 histiocytic lymphoma cells; HL60 acute myeloid leukemia cells; U266, H929, and RPMI8226 multiple myeloma cells; and L929 fibroblast cells. Cell viability was conducted by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Results Significant toxicity was not exhibited due to probucol treatment (0.1-10 µM) in K562S and K562R CML cells, U937 histiocytic lymphoma cells, HL60 acute myeloid leukemia cells, U266 multiple myeloma cells, and L929 fibroblast cells. However, probucol treatment significantly inhibited the viability of H929 and RPMI8226 multiple myeloma cells at the concentration of 0.5-10 µM and 5-10 µM, respectively. Conclusion Probucol treatment slightly inhibited the viability of other cancer cell lines, but significantly inhibited the viability of H929 and RPMI8226 multiple myeloma cells. However, its effect was not potent, since a 50% reduction in cell viability could not be achieved at the concentrations of probucol treatment administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslı Koç
- Ankara Universtiy Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arzu Zeynep Karabay
- Ankara Universtiy Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Yaprak
- Ankara Universtiy Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Büyükbingöl
- Ankara Universtiy Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fügen Aktan
- Ankara Universtiy Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
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Chuang LY, Guh JY, Ye YL, Lee YH, Huang JS. Effects of probucol on cell proliferation in human ovarian cancer cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015; 5:331-339. [PMID: 30090349 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00088b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probucol is considered to be an important agent in promoting anti-oxidative action and protecting against tissue injury. However, little is known about the effects of probucol on the progression of ovarian carcinoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of probucol on cellular proliferation in human ovarian cancer cells (PA-1 and SKOV-3) and explore the anti-proliferative mechanism of probucol in these cells. We found that probucol decreased cell growth in PA-1 and SKOV-3 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with probucol had no effect on cytotoxicity, the percentages of Annexin V-FITC positive cells and caspase-3 activity when compared with the vehicle group. No significant differences in the protein expression of Bcl-2 and cytochrome c were observed, both of which were markers of cells undergoing apoptosis. The inhibition of cellular proliferation by probucol was caused by G1-phase arrest through regulating proteins associated with cell cycle progression, such as cyclin D1, p21Waf1/Cip1, and p27Kip1. A further study revealed that probucol strongly impaired the phosphorylation of IκBα and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB (p65). It also suppressed the activation of ERK/JNK/p38 MAPK signaling. Moreover, the NF-κB inhibitor (PDTC), the ERK inhibitor (PD98059), the JNK inhibitor (SP600125), and the p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) markedly attenuated the growth of these cells. Our results indicate that probucol induces anti-proliferative effects via blocking of cell cycle progression and inactivation of NF-κB and MAPK pathways in human ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea-Yea Chuang
- Department of Biochemistry , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Jinn-Yuh Guh
- Department of Internal Medicine , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Ye
- Department of Biotechnology , National Formosa University , Yunlin , Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ho Lee
- Department of Biological Science and Technology , Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology , Tainan , Taiwan . ; ; Tel: +886-6-2674567-420
| | - Jau-Shyang Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology , Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology , Tainan , Taiwan . ; ; Tel: +886-6-2674567-420
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Iqbal M, Okazaki Y, Okada S. Probucol modulates iron nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA)-dependent renal carcinogenesis and hyperproliferative response: diminution of oxidative stress. Mol Cell Biochem 2007; 304:61-9. [PMID: 17487455 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-007-9486-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2007] [Accepted: 04/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Probucol is a clinically used cholesterol-lowering drug, with pronounced antioxidant properties. We have reported previously, that dietary supplementation of probucol enhances NAD(P)H:quinone reductase (Iqbal M, Okada S (2003) Pharmacol Toxicol 93:259-263) and inhibits Fe-NTA induced lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in vitro (Iqbal M, Sharma SD, Oakada (2004) Redox Rep 9:167-172). Further to this, in the present study, we evaluated the modulatory effect of probucol on iron nitrilotriacetae (Fe-NTA) dependent renal carcinogenesis, hyperproliferative response and oxidative stress. In Fe-NTA alone treated group, a 20% renal cell tumor incidence was recorded whereas, in N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-initiated and Fe-NTA promoted animals, the percentage tumor incidence was increased to 70% as compared with untreated controls. No tumor incidence was recorded in DEN-initiated, nonpromoted group. Diet supplemented with 1.0% probucol fed prior to, during and after Fe-NTA treatment in DEN-initiated animals afforded >65% protection in renal cell tumor incidence. Probucol fed diet pretreatment also resulted a significant and dose dependent inhibition of Fe-NTA induced renal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity. In oxidative stress studies, Fe-NTA alone treatment enhanced lipid peroxidation, accompanied by a decrease in the level of GSH, activities of antioxidants and phase II metabolizing enzymes in kidney concomitant with histolopathological changes. These changes were significantly and dose-dependently alleviated by probucol fed diet. From this data, it can be concluded that probucol can modulates toxic and tumor promoting effects of Fe-NTA and can serve as a potent chemopreventive agent to suppress oxidant induced tissue injury and carcinogenesis, in addition to being a cholesterol lowering and anti-atherogenic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Iqbal
- Biotechnology Research Institute, University Malaysia Sabah, Locked Bag No. 2073, 88999, Kotakinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
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Lee HJ, Choi SY, Jang JJ, Gimm YM, Pack JK, Choi HD, Kim N, Lee YS. Lack of promotion of mammary, lung and skin tumorigenesis by 20 kHz triangular magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 2007; 28:446-53. [PMID: 17486629 DOI: 10.1002/bem.20320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In order to evaluate possible tumorigenic effects of a 20 kHz intermediate frequency triangular magnetic field (IF), a frequency emitted from TV and PC monitors at 6.25 microT rms, which is the regulated exposure limit of magnetic field for the public in Korea, mammary tumors were produced in female Sprague-Dawley rats by oral intubation of dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), lung tumors in ICR mice by scapular region injection of benzo(a)pyrene (BP), and skin tumors in female ICR mice by topical application of DMBA and tetradecanoylphorbol ester (TPA). IF was applied 8 h/day for 14 weeks beginning the day after DMBA treatment for mammary tumor experiment, for 6 weeks after weaning for lung tumor, and for 20 weeks beginning 1 week after DMBA application for skin tumor experiment. For skin tumors, TPA was applied once a week for 19 weeks. Results showed no significant differences in tumor incidence, mean tumor number and volume, and histological patterns between IF magnetic-field exposed and sham control rats in the above three tumor models. Therefore, we conclude that within the limitation or number of animals and the experimental conditions, 20 kHz IF triangular magnetic field exposure of 6.25 microT does not appear to be a strong co-tumorigenic agent in the chosen murine mammary, lung and skin models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-June Lee
- Laboratory of Radiation Effect, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
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Iqbal M, Sharma SD, Okada S. Probucol as a potent inhibitor of oxygen radical-induced lipid peroxidation and DNA damage: in vitro studies. Redox Rep 2005; 9:167-72. [PMID: 15327747 DOI: 10.1179/135100004225005174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Probucol, a clinically used cholesterol lowering and antioxidant drug, was investigated for possible protection against lipid peroxidation and DNA damage induced by iron nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) plus hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Fe-NTA is a potent nephrotoxic agent and induces acute and subacute renal proximal tubular necrosis by catalyzing the decomposition of H2O2-derived production of hydroxyl radicals, which are known to cause lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Fe-NTA is associated with a high incidence of renal adenocarcinoma in rodents. Lipid peroxidation and DNA damage are the principal manifestation of Fe-NTA induced toxicity, which could be mitigated by probucol. Incubation of renal microsomal membrane and/or calf thymus DNA with H2O2 (40 mM) in the presence of Fe-NTA (0.1 mM) induces renal microsomal lipid peroxidation and DNA damage to about 2.4-fold and 5.9-fold, respectively, as compared to control (P < 0.05). Induction of renal microsomal lipid peroxidation and DNA damage was inhibited by probucol in a concentration-dependent manner. In lipid peroxidation protection studies, probucol treatment showed a concentration-dependent inhibition (10-34% inhibition; P < 0.05) of Fe-NTA plus H2O2-induced lipid peroxidation as measured by thiobarbituric acid reacting species' (TBARS) formation in renal microsomes. Similarly, in DNA damage protection studies, probucol treatment also showed a concentration-dependent strong inhibition (36-71% inhibition; P < 0.05) of DNA damage. From these studies, it was concluded that probucol inhibits peroxidation of microsomal membrane lipids and DNA damage induced by Fe-NTA plus H2O2. However, because the lipid peroxidation and DNA damage studied here are regarded as early markers of carcinogenesis, we suggest that probucol may be developed as a cancer chemopreventive agent against renal carcinogenesis and other adverse effects of Fe-NTA exposure in experimental animals, in addition to being a cholesterol-lowering drug, useful for the control of hypercholestrolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Iqbal
- Department of Pathological Research, Faculty of Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan
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Iqbal M, Okada S. Induction of NAD(P)H:quinone reductase by probucol: a possible mechanism for protection against chemical carcinogenesis and toxicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 93:259-63. [PMID: 14675458 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.2003.pto930602.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dietary antioxidants protect laboratory animals against induction of tumours by a variety of chemical carcinogens. Among possible mechanism, protection against chemical carcinogenesis could be mediated via antioxidant-dependent induction of detoxifying enzymes, including quinone reductase and glutathione S-transferase (GSH transferase). Probucol is used cholesterol-lowering drug used in the clinic, with pronounced antioxidant effect that protect against chemical carcinogenesis and toxicity. In the present study we therefore examined the ability of probucol to induce activities of quinone reductase in the cytosolic fractions of various tissues of mice. Quinone reductase activity was increased significantly in 6 of 8 tissues examined from probucol-fed mice. The greatest proportionate increase, to 1.8 times control levels, was observed in liver. Probucol also increased quinone reductase activities of forestomach, heart, kidney, lungs and spleen. Quinone reductase is a major enzyme of xenobiotic metabolism that carries out obligatory two-electron reductions and thereby protects cells against toxicity of quinones. It is induced in many tissues coordinately with other enzymes that protect against electrophilic toxicity. The protective effects of probucol appear to be due, at least in part, to the ability of this antioxidant to increase the activities in rodent tissues of several enzymes involved in the non-oxidative metabolism of a wide variety of xenobiotics. The induction of such enzyme, quinone reductase by probucol suggests the potential value of this compound as a protective agent against chemical carcinogenesis and other forms of electrophilic toxicity. The significance of these results can be implicated in relation to cancer chemopreventive effects of probucol in various target organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Iqbal
- Department of Pathological Research, Faculty of Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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Lee BH, Lee S, Kim YS, Bertram B, Wiessler M. Chemopreventive effects of S-(N,N-diethyldithiocarbamoyl)-N-acetyl-L-cysteine against benzo[a]pyrene. Mutat Res 1997; 377:167-75. [PMID: 9247612 DOI: 10.1016/s0027-5107(97)00063-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The putative antimutagenic/anticarcinogenic organosulfur compound, S-(N,N-diethyldithiocarbamoyl)-N-acetyl-L-cysteine (AC-DDTC), has been demonstrated to inhibit the metabolic activation and the genotoxicity of N-nitrosodiethylamine. We have investigated the chemopreventive activity of AC-DDTC against benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) in the Salmonella typhimurium bacterial mutation assay, in the chromosome aberration assay using Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (CHL), and in the mouse micronucleus assay in bone marrow cells. In the bacterial mutation assay, AC-DDTC produced a concentration dependent decrease in the number of mutant colonies induced by B[a]P. The chromosome damaging responses of B[a]P in CHL cells were abolished by the treatment of AC-DDTC, approximately to the level of the control. In the in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus test, pretreatment of AC-DDTC 1 h prior to B[a]P reduced the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes. The inhibitory effects were statistically significant and dose-dependent. Our results demonstrate that AC-DDTC, one of the mixed disulfide model compounds of disulfiram, prevents the mutagenic effects of B[a]P.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Lee
- Institute of Environment and Life Science, Hallym University, Chunchon, Kangwon-Do, South Korea.
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