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Xiong H, Yang Y, Guo W, Yuan J, Yang W, Gao M. Study on quality difference between Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC and Iris tectorum Maxim. based on chemical chromatogram analysis, biological activity evaluation and in vivo distribution rule. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117091. [PMID: 37634753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. (BC) and Iris tectorum Maxim. (ITM) have been widely used in recent years due to their remarkable curative effects on sore throat, cough and asthma. but they are often misused due to their similar appearance. A comprehensive comparison of the chemical composition, biological activity, pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution between the two active differential components has not been performed. Differences in their specific effects have not been fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This work aims at differentiating between BC and ITM in terms of appearance, chemical composition, biological activity, pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the HPLC-FP method was used to find the differences between the chemical components of BC and ITM. The pharmacological experiments were used to compare the differences in activity, including in vitro anti-inflammatory activity with LPS-induced inflammation model of RAW 264.7 cells, inhibition of AChE activity, and the regulation of isolated small intestinal smooth muscle in mice. The pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution profiles were used to analyze the differences between the two in rats. RESULTS The types of isoflavones in BC and ITM are basically the same, but their contents in ITM is much higher than that in BC. At the same doses, the release of TNF-α, NO, IL-1β and IL-6 from RAW 264.7 cells in the ITM group was lower than that of the BC group, and the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of ITM was stronger than that of BC. Meanwhile, ITM had stronger inhibition ability to inhibit AChE activity than BC. The BC extract exhibited an inhibitory effect on the isolated small intestinal smooth muscle of mice, and the ITM extract showed stimulatory effect at low concentration and inhibitory effect at high concentration. There were significant differences in drug-time profiles, kinetic parameters and tissue distribution. CONCLUSIONS There are significant differences in the multidimensional aspects of appearance, chemical composition, biological activity, pharmacokinetics, and tissue distribution between BC and ITM. This study provides a theoretical basis for the quality control, pharmacological efficacy and clinical application of the two herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuanfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenhui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinbin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - Wuliang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China.
| | - Meng Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China.
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Rong J, Fu F, Han C, Wu Y, Xia Q, Du D. Tectorigenin: A Review of Its Sources, Pharmacology, Toxicity, and Pharmacokinetics. Molecules 2023; 28:5904. [PMID: 37570873 PMCID: PMC10421414 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tectorigenin is a well-known natural flavonoid aglycone and an active component that exists in numerous plants. Growing evidence suggests that tectorigenin has multiple pharmacological effects, such as anticancer, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antimicrobial, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective. These pharmacological properties provide the basis for the treatment of many kinds of illnesses, including several types of cancer, diabetes, hepatic fibrosis, osteoarthritis, Alzheimer's disease, etc. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive summary and review of the sources, extraction and synthesis, pharmacological effects, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and delivery strategy aspects of tectorigenin. Tectorigenin may exert certain cytotoxicity, which is related to the administration time and concentration. Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that the main metabolic pathways in rats for tectorigenin are glucuronidation, sulfation, demethylation and methoxylation, but that it exhibits poor bioavailability. From our perspective, further research on tectorigenin should cover: exploring the pharmacological targets and mechanisms of action; finding an appropriate concentration to balance pharmacological effects and toxicity; attempting diversified delivery strategies to improve the bioavailability; and structural modification to obtain tectorigenin derivatives with higher pharmacological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Rong
- West China Centre of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.R.); (C.H.)
| | - Fei Fu
- Advanced Mass Spectrometry Center, Research Core Facility, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (F.F.); (Y.W.)
| | - Chenxia Han
- West China Centre of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.R.); (C.H.)
| | - Yaling Wu
- Advanced Mass Spectrometry Center, Research Core Facility, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (F.F.); (Y.W.)
| | - Qing Xia
- West China Centre of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.R.); (C.H.)
| | - Dan Du
- West China Centre of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.R.); (C.H.)
- Advanced Mass Spectrometry Center, Research Core Facility, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (F.F.); (Y.W.)
- Proteomics-Metabolomics Platform, Research Core Facility, West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Centre, Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Chen C, Li X, Kano Y, Yuan D, Qu J. Oriental traditional herbal Medicine--Puerariae Flos: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 306:116089. [PMID: 36621660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pueraria Flos (PF), a traditional herbal medicine, is botanically from the dried flowers of Pueraria lobate (Willd.) Ohwi. (Chinese: ) or Pueraria thomsonii Benth. (Chinese: ). It has a long history of thousands of years in China for awakening the spleen, clearing the lungs, relieving alcohol. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to report the up-to-date research progress in ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology, metabolism and therapeutic application of PF, so as to provide a strong basis for future clinical treatment and scientific research. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant information on PF was collected from scientific literature databases including PubMed, CNKI and other literature sources (Ph.D. and M.Sc. dissertations and Chinese herbal classic books) by using the keyword "Puerariae". RESULTS Briefly, phytochemical research report has isolated 39 flavonoids, 19 saponins and 25 volatile oils from PF. Flavonoids and saponins are the most important bioactive compounds, and most of the quality control studies focus on these two types of compounds. Modern pharmacological studies have revealed their significant biological activities in relieving alcoholism, hepatoprotective, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidation, which provides theoretical support for the traditional use. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive analysis showed that pharmacological activity of most purified compounds from PF had not been reported. Kakkalide, tectoridin and their deglycosylated metabolites (irisolidone and tectorigenin) has been focused on excessively due to their higher content and better activities. This leads to low development and resources waste. Interestingly, PF made a breakthrough in the field of food. Many kinds of fat-lowering foods such as PILLBOX Onaka have been popular in Japan market, which received extensive attention. Therefore, we suggest that future research can be paid attention on the development of the plant's function in the field of food and medicine, as well as the transformation from experimental to clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Chen
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116011, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116011, China; Institute (College) of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yoshihiro Kano
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dan Yuan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Jialin Qu
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116011, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Yu W, Fu C, Zhou H, Liu G, Zheng J, Liu H, Li M, Shen A, Liu Y, Liang X. Integrated strategy for identifying isoflavones in Belamcandae Rhizoma based on the combination of mass defect filtering and neutral-loss-triggered multistage fragmentation. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1679:463379. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Li J, Ni G, Liu Y, Wang R, Yu D. Long-chain fatty acid acylated derivatives of isoflavone glycosides from the rhizomes of Iris domestica. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 193:112977. [PMID: 34715401 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Six undescribed long-chain fatty acid esters of isoflavone glycosides were obtained from the rhizomes of Iris domestica (L.). Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic data, alkaline hydrolysis, and acid hydrolysis. This is the first report of the long-chain (C14-C18) fatty acid derivatives of isoflavone glycosides from natural products. Belamcandnoate B and D exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities against HCT-116, HepG2, and BGC823 cell lines with IC50 values of 1.69-6.86 μM. Belamcandnoate B and E exhibited 72.27 and 58.98% inhibitory activities, respectively, against Fe2+/cysteine-induced liver microsomal lipid peroxidation at a concentration of 10 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Renzhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Dequan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
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Yao L, Yang M, Zhang J, Wang F, Liu Q, Xie X, Liu Z, Guo Q, Su H, Zhai J, He J, Xue S, Qiu Z. Tectorigenin attenuates the OGD/R-induced HT-22 cell damage through regulation of the PI3K/AKT and the PPARγ/NF-κB pathways. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1320-1331. [PMID: 33588632 DOI: 10.1177/0960327121993213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tectorigenin (TEC) is an effective compound that derived from many plants, such as Iris unguicularis, Belamcanda chinensis and Pueraria thunbergiana Benth. Evidence suggested that TEC has anti-tumor, anti-oxidant activity, anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, there has some evidence indicated that TEC is a potential anti-stroke compound; however, its specific roles and associated mechanism have not yet been elucidated. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant activity and anti-apoptosis effects of TEC on oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced HT-22 cells, and clarified the relevant mechanisms. Here, we observed that TEC significantly promoted cell survival, impeded cell apoptosis, inhibited ROS and inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α production in OGD/R-induced HT-22 cells. Moreover, TEC activated PI3K/AKT signal pathway, increased PPARγ expression and inhibited NF-κB pathway activation in OGD/R-induced HT-22 cells. Further studies indicated that PPARγ inhibitor GW9662 activated NF-κB pathway after TEC treatment in OGD/R-induced HT-22 cells. Also, PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002, PPARγ inhibitor GW9662 and NF-κB activator LPS both reversed the effects of TEC on OGD/R-induced HT-22 cell biology. Taken together, this research confirmed that TEC benefit to HT-22 cell survival and against OGD/R damage through the PI3K/AKT and PPARγ/NF-κB pathways. These results indicated that TEC might be an effective compound in the treatment for ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yao
- Department of Neurology, The Hospital of Xidian Group, Xi'an, China
| | - Meili Yang
- Department of Neurology, 117889The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Juanli Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Hospital of Xidian Group, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Hospital of Xidian Group, Xi'an, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Hospital of Xidian Group, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaojun Xie
- Department of Pathology, The Hospital of Xidian Group, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Emergency, The Hospital of Xidian Group, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Hospital of Xidian Group, Xi'an, China
| | - Hang Su
- Department of Neurology, The Hospital of Xidian Group, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiemin Zhai
- Department of Neurology, The Hospital of Xidian Group, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianbo He
- Department of Neurology, The Hospital of Xidian Group, Xi'an, China
| | - Sha Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, 117799The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhengguo Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of 107652Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
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Miyasaka K, Takeda S, Nakamura S, Matsuda H, Shimoda H. Estrogenic and antiandrogenic activities of methoxyflavans isolated from the fruit of Mauritia Flexuosa (Moriche Palm). J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13583. [PMID: 33340139 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Moriche palm is consumed as both a fresh fruit and processed food in Peru and Brazil. Although its fruit contains phytoestrogens, the active compounds have not yet been identified. Therefore, we purified moriche palm extract (MPE) and identified compounds exhibiting estrogenic and antiandrogenic activities. Estrogenic activity was assessed by the estrogen-dependent growth of MCF-7 cells and increases in uterine weights in mice. Antiandrogenic activity was evaluated by 5α-reductase inhibitory activity and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) expression in LNCaP cells. In vivo antiestrogenic activity was also assessed based on testosterone-induced prostate growth in castrated mice. Four methoxyflavans were isolated from MPE and all, except for 7,4'-dihydroxy-5-methoxyflavan, promoted MCF-7 cell growth, indicating estrogenic activity. Uterine and ovary weights increased in mice orally administered MPE (400 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. Regarding antiandrogenic activity, among the four methoxyflavans isolated, 6,7,4'-trihydroxy-5-methoxyflavan (1 µg/ml) suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of PSA in LNCaP cells. Furthermore, prostate growth was suppressed in mice orally administered MPE (200 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. All methoxyflavans inhibited 5α-reductase activity with IC50 less than 10 µg/ml. Collectively, the present results demonstrated that orally administered MPE exhibited estrogenic and antiandrogenic activities. Methoxyflavans, particularly 6,7,4'-trihydroxy-5-methoxyflavan, appear to be the active compounds for these activities. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The fruit of Mauritia flexuosa (moriche palm) has been used for beverages and processed foods. Although it is said to contain phytoestrogens, the active compounds have not yet been identified. In this study, we isolated and identified methoxyflavans exhibiting estrogenic and antiandrogenic activities. Among them, 6,7,4'-trihydroxy-5-methoxyflavan appeared to be the most effective compounds for these activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shogo Takeda
- Oryza Oil & Fat Chemical Co., Ltd, Ichinomiya, Japan
| | - Seikou Nakamura
- Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisashi Matsuda
- Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
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Tectorigenin Inhibits Glioblastoma Proliferation by G0/G1 Cell Cycle Arrest. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56120681. [PMID: 33321738 PMCID: PMC7763962 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56120681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Glioblastoma is one of the leading cancer-related causes of death of the brain region and has an average 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of tectorigenin, a naturally occurring flavonoid compound with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-tumor properties, as a treatment for glioblastoma. A further goal was to use in vitro models to determine the underlying molecular mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Exposure to tectorigenin for 24 h dose-dependently reduced the viability of glioblastoma cells. Results: Significant cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase occurred in the presence of 200 and 300 µM tectorigenin. Treatment with tectorigenin clearly reduced the levels of phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (p-RB) and decreased the expression of cyclin-dependent protein 4 (CDK4). Tectorigenin treatment also significantly enhanced the expression of p21, a CDK4 inhibitor. Conclusions: Collectively, our findings indicated that tectorigenin inhibited the proliferation of glioblastoma cells by cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase.
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Network Pharmacology Analysis to Identify Phytochemicals in Traditional Chinese Medicines That May Regulate ACE2 for the Treatment of COVID-19. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7493281. [PMID: 33204291 PMCID: PMC7661114 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7493281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
“Three formulas and three medicines,” which include Jinhua Qinggan granule, Lianhua Qingwen capsule/granule, Xuebijing injection, Qingfei Paidu decoction, HuaShiBaiDu formula, and XuanFeiBaiDu granule, have been proven to be effective in curbing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), according to the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The aims of this study were to identify the active components of “Three formulas and three medicines” that can be used to treat COVID-19, determine their mechanism of action via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) by integrating network pharmacological approaches, and confirm the most effective components for COVID-19 treatment or prevention. We investigated all the compounds present in the aforementioned herbal ingredients. Compounds that could downregulate the transcription factors (TFs) of ACE2 and upregulate miRNAs of ACE2 were screened via a network pharmacology approach. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4A), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), hsa-miR-2113, and hsa-miR-421 were found to regulate ACE2. Several compounds, such as quercetin, decreased ACE2 expression by regulating the aforementioned TFs or miRNAs. After comparison with the compounds present in Glycyrrhiza Radix et Rhizoma, quercetin, glabridin, and gallic acid present in the herbal formulas and medicines were found to alter ACE2 expression. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were used to search for possible molecular mechanisms of these compounds. In conclusion, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays a pivotal role in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Quercetin, glabridin, and gallic acid, the active components of recommended TCM formulas and medicines, can inhibit COVID-19 by downregulating ACE2.
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Shukla S, Srivastava A, Kumar P, Tandon P, Maurya R, Singh R. Vibrational spectroscopic, NBO, AIM, and multiwfn study of tectorigenin: A DFT approach. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Lee SY, Kim GT, Yun HM, Kim YC, Kwon IK, Kim EC. Tectorigenin Promotes Osteoblast Differentiation and in vivo Bone Healing, but Suppresses Osteoclast Differentiation and in vivo Bone Resorption. Mol Cells 2018; 41:476-485. [PMID: 29764006 PMCID: PMC5974624 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although tectorigenin (TG), a major compound in the rhizome of Belamcanda chinensis, is conventionally used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, its effects on osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis have not been reported. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects and possible underlying mechanism of TG on in vitro osteoblastic differentiation and in vivo bone formation, as well as in vitro osteoclast differentiation and in vivo bone resorption. TG promoted the osteogenic differentiation of primary osteoblasts and periodontal ligament cells. Moreover, TG upregulated the expression of the BMP2, BMP4, and Smad-4 genes, and enhanced the expression of Runx2 and Osterix. In vivo studies involving mouse calvarial bone defects with μCT and histologic analysis revealed that TG significantly increased new bone formation. Furthermore, TG treatment inhibited osteoclast differentiation and the mRNA levels of osteoclast markers. In vivo studies of mice demonstrated that TG caused the marked attenuation of bone resorption. These results collectively demonstrated that TG stimulated osteogenic differentiation in vitro, increased in vivo bone regeneration, inhibited osteoclast differentiation in vitro, and suppressed inflammatory bone loss in vivo. These novel findings suggest that TG may be useful for bone regeneration and treatment of bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Youn Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453,
Korea
| | - Gyu-Tae Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453,
Korea
| | - Hyung-Mun Yun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453,
Korea
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan00000,
Korea
| | - Il- Keun Kwon
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453,
Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453,
Korea
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Lim HS, Kim YJ, Kim BY, Park G, Jeong SJ. The Anti-neuroinflammatory Activity of Tectorigenin Pretreatment via Downregulated NF-κB and ERK/JNK Pathways in BV-2 Microglial and Microglia Inactivation in Mice With Lipopolysaccharide. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:462. [PMID: 29867470 PMCID: PMC5954245 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of microglia is decisively involved with the neurodegeneration observed in many neuroinflammatory pathologies, such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. Tectorigenin (TEC) is an isoflavone isolated from various medicinal plants, such as Pueraria thunbergiana Benth, Belamcanda chinensis, and Iris unguicularis. In the present study, the neuroinflammatory effects of TEC were evaluated in both lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated BV-2 microglial and mouse models. TEC remarkably inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. TEC also inhibits the production and expression of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. In addition, TEC suppressed the LPS-induced activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to regulate the inflammatory mediators, such as inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), TNF-α, and IL-6. These results indicate that TEC may inhibit neuronal inflammation through the downregulation of inflammatory mediators, including iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6 by suppressing NF-κB/ERK/JNK-related signaling pathways. Furthermore, cotreatment with TEC and ERK inhibitor SCH772984 or JNK inhibitor SP600125 suppressed the overproduction of LPS-induced NO production in BV-2 cells. Consistent with the results of in vitro experiments, an LPS-induced brain inflammation mouse model, administration of TEC effectively decrease the levels of malondialdehyde, iNOS in hippocampus, and prevented increases in the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the serum. TEC showed marked attenuation of microglial activation. Finally, TEC inhibited protein expression of toll-like receptor 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 in LPS-activated BV-2 microglia and mouse models. Taken altogether, the cumulative findings suggested that TEC holds the potential to develop as a neuroprotective drug for the intervention of neuroinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Sun Lim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yu Jin Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Bu-Yeo Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | - Soo-Jin Jeong
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.,Korean Medicine Life Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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13
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Zeng L, Yuan S, Shen J, Wu M, Pan L, Kong X. Suppression of human breast cancer cells by tectorigenin through downregulation of matrix metalloproteinases and MAPK signaling in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:3935-3943. [PMID: 29359782 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a major life‑threatening malignancy and is the second highest cause of mortality. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of tectorigenin (Tec), a Traditional Chinese Medicine, against human breast cancer cells in vitro. MDA‑MB‑231 and MCF‑7 human breast cancer cells were treated with various concentrations of Tec. Cell proliferation was evaluated using the Cell Counting kit‑8 assay, and apoptosis and the cell cycle were examined by flow cytometry. The migratory and invasive abilities of these cells were detected by Transwell and Matrigel assays, respectively. Metastasis‑, apoptosis‑ and survival‑related gene expression levels were measured by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The results indicated that Tec was able to inhibit the proliferation of MDA‑MB‑231 and MCF‑7 cells in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner. Furthermore, Tec treatment induced apoptosis and G0/G1‑phase arrest, and inhibited cell migration and invasion. Tec treatment decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑2, MMP9, BCL‑2, phosphorylated‑AKT and components of the mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, and increased the expression of BCL‑2‑associated X, cleaved poly [ADP‑ribose] polymerase and cleaved caspase‑3. In conclusion, Tec treatment suppressed human breast cancer cells through the downregulation of AKT and MAPK signaling and the upregulated expression and/or activity of the caspase family in vitro. Therefore, Tec may be a potential therapeutic drug to treat human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwen Zeng
- Department of Surgery, Tinglin Hospital of Jinshan District, Shanghai 201505, P.R. China
| | - Shaofeng Yuan
- Department of Surgery, Tinglin Hospital of Jinshan District, Shanghai 201505, P.R. China
| | - Jianliang Shen
- Department of Surgery, Tinglin Hospital of Jinshan District, Shanghai 201505, P.R. China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Surgery, Tinglin Hospital of Jinshan District, Shanghai 201505, P.R. China
| | - Liangming Pan
- Department of Surgery, Tinglin Hospital of Jinshan District, Shanghai 201505, P.R. China
| | - Xiangdong Kong
- Department of Surgery, Tinglin Hospital of Jinshan District, Shanghai 201505, P.R. China
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14
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Zhang Y, He L, Yue S, Huang Q, Zhang Y, Yang J. Characterization and evaluation of a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system containing tectorigenin, an isoflavone with low aqueous solubility and poor permeability. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:632-640. [PMID: 28283000 PMCID: PMC8241163 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1284946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize and evaluate tectorigenin-loaded self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (TG-SMEDDS), a previously studied preparation, and further confirm the improvement of TG in solubility and bioavailability. The appearance of TG-SMEDDS was clear and transparent, with good mobility. The microemulsion formed by TG-SMEDDS was globular, edge smooth, clear-cut, and distribution homogeneous under transmission electron microscope. The stability studies revealed that TG-SMEDDS remained stable at room temperature for at least 3 months. TG-SMEDDS showed excellent dissolution behavior that more than 90% of TG was released in only 5 min. The in situ intestinal perfusion studies indicated enhancement of absorption in four tested intestinal segments, and the main absorption site of TG was changed to duodenum. In addition, TG-SMEDDS showed significantly higher Cmax and AUC values (11-fold and 5-fold higher values, respectively; P < 0.05) than TG, and the absolute oral bioavailability of TG-SMEDDS was 56.33% (5-fold higher than that of crude TG). What's more, the AUC0-t of crude TG and TG-SMEDDS in bile duct non-ligation rats were 6.05 and 2.80 times, respectively, than that in bile duct ligation rats, indicating the existence of enterohepatic circulation and the secretion of bile could significantly affect the absorption of TG. Further studies showed that even the bile duct was ligation, TG-SMEDDS can still keep a better oral bioavailability (179.67%, compared with crude TG in the bile duct non-ligation rats). Therefore, our study implies that SMEDDS containing TG could be an effective strategy for the oral administration of TG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunrong Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li He
- Chengdu Women and Children’s Central Hospital, Chengdu, China, and
| | - Shanlan Yue
- Chengdu Women and Children’s Central Hospital, Chengdu, China, and
| | - Qingting Huang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Junyi Yang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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15
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Gehrig J, Kaulfuß S, Jarry H, Bremmer F, Stettner M, Burfeind P, Thelen P. Prospects of estrogen receptor β activation in the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:34971-34979. [PMID: 28380417 PMCID: PMC5471027 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced prostate cancer can develop into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). This process is mediated either by intratumoral ligand synthesis or by mutations or aberrations of the androgen receptor (AR) or its cofactors. To date, no curative therapy for CRPC is available, as AR-targeted therapies eventually result in the development of resistance. The human prostate cancer cell line VCaP (vertebral cancer of the prostate) overexpresses AR and its splice variants (ARVs) as a mechanism of resistance to androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) of external and intratumoral origin. In the present study, we demonstrate that stimulating estrogen receptor β activity with the specific agonist 8β-VE2 in VCaP cells in successive stages of ADT induced a time- and dose-dependent decrease in cell survival and an increase in apoptosis. Furthermore, 8β-VE2 treatment reduced the overexpression of the AR as well as ARVs in VCaP cells under maximum ADT. Our results indicate that decreased survival of the androgen-dependent CRPC cells employing apoptosis together with the regulative effect on AR expression could have beneficial effects over current AR-targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Gehrig
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
| | - Silke Kaulfuß
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
| | - Hubertus Jarry
- Department of Experimental Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
| | - Felix Bremmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
| | - Mark Stettner
- Department of Neurology, University of Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Burfeind
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
| | - Paul Thelen
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
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16
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Nelson AW, Groen AJ, Miller JL, Warren AY, Holmes KA, Tarulli GA, Tilley WD, Katzenellenbogen BS, Hawse JR, Gnanapragasam VJ, Carroll JS. Comprehensive assessment of estrogen receptor beta antibodies in cancer cell line models and tissue reveals critical limitations in reagent specificity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 440:138-150. [PMID: 27889472 PMCID: PMC5228587 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen Receptor-β (ERβ) has been implicated in many cancers. In prostate and breast cancer its function is controversial, but genetic studies implicate a role in cancer progression. Much of the confusion around ERβ stems from antibodies that are inadequately validated, yet have become standard tools for deciphering its role. Using an ERβ-inducible cell system we assessed commonly utilized ERβ antibodies and show that one of the most commonly used antibodies, NCL-ER-BETA, is non-specific for ERβ. Other antibodies have limited ERβ specificity or are only specific in one experimental modality. ERβ is commonly studied in MCF-7 (breast) and LNCaP (prostate) cancer cell lines, but we found no ERβ expression in either, using validated antibodies and independent mass spectrometry-based approaches. Our findings question conclusions made about ERβ using the NCL-ER-BETA antibody, or LNCaP and MCF-7 cell lines. We describe robust reagents, which detect ERβ across multiple experimental approaches and in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Nelson
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 ORE, UK; Academic Urology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; Department of Urology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Arnoud J Groen
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 ORE, UK
| | - Jodi L Miller
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 ORE, UK
| | - Anne Y Warren
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Kelly A Holmes
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 ORE, UK
| | - Gerard A Tarulli
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Hanson Institute Building, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Wayne D Tilley
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Hanson Institute Building, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Benita S Katzenellenbogen
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - John R Hawse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Vincent J Gnanapragasam
- Academic Urology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; Department of Urology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jason S Carroll
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 ORE, UK.
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17
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Ni G, Shi GR, Li JY, Yu DQ. The unprecedented iridal lactone and adducts of spiroiridal and isoflavonoid from Belamcanda chinensis. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00614d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Five novel iridal-type triterpenoid derivatives have been isolated from the rhizomes of Belamcanda chinensis, along with five known compounds. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100050
| | - Guo-Ru Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100050
| | - Jia-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100050
| | - De-Quan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100050
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18
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Guo Y, Chen YH, Cheng ZH, Ou-Yang HN, Luo C, Guo ZL. Tectorigenin inhibits osteosarcoma cell migration through downregulation of matrix metalloproteinases in vitro. Anticancer Drugs 2016; 27:540-6. [PMID: 26991068 PMCID: PMC4881729 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Tectorigenin (Tec) is an effective component of the traditional Chinese medicine Belamcanda chinensis, which has been reported to exert beneficial effects in various types of cancer. However, the activity and mechanism of Tec in osteosarcoma (OS) have not been investigated to date. The aim of the present study was to examine the inhibitory effect of Tec on OS and its underlying mechanism of action. OS cells (Saos2 and U2OS) were treated with various concentrations of Tec for 24, 48, and 72 h. Cell proliferation was evaluated using an CCK-8 assay. Cell migration and invasion ability were measured using the Transwell assay. The expressions of MMP1, MMP2, MMP9, and cleaved caspase3 were measured using real-time PCR and/or western blot analysis. We found that Tec inhibited the proliferation of OS cells (Saos2 and U2OS) in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. In addition, Tec significantly inhibited migration and invasion in OS cells (P<0.05). Tec upregulated the expression of cleaved caspase3, while downregulating the expression of MMP1, MMP2, and MMP9. Taken together, the present study provided fundamental evidence for the application of Tec in chemotherapy against OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- Departments of aNeurosurgery bPlastic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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19
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Zhang L, Wei K, Xu J, Yang D, Zhang C, Wang Z, Li M. Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC-An ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and pharmacological review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 186:1-13. [PMID: 27032710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC is the sole species in the genus Belamcanda Adans. (Iridaceae), found mainly in Northeast Asia. Bombus chinensis has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine for its multiple therapeutic uses in the form of antipyretic agents, antidote, expectorant, antiphlogistic and analgesic. AIM OF THE REVIEW This manuscript comprehensively summarizes the various studies published in recent years on the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, biological activity and toxicology of B. chinensis. We hope to provide a foundation for future studies on the mechanism of action and development of better therapeutic agents based on B. chinensis. MATERIAL AND METHODS All information available on B. chinensis was collected using electronic search engines, such as PubMed, SciFinder Scholar, CNKI, TPL (www.theplantlist.org), Google Scholar and Web of Science. RESULTS The analysis shown that ethno-medical uses of B. chinensis have been recorded in China, Japan and Korea since a long time. Based on a phytochemical investigation, this plant contains flavonoids, terpenoids, quinones, phenolic compounds, ketones, organic acids, etc. Crude extracts and pure compounds isolated from B. chinensis exhibited various biological effects. CONCLUSIONS In light of its long traditional use and the modern phytochemical and pharmacological studies summarized here, B. chinensis is known to be a promising medicinal plant with the isolated extracts and chemical components showing a wide range of biological activities. Thus, it is imperative that the necessary programs and value assessment of B. chinensis be established for further studies. It is also important that the synergistic or antagonistic effects of this traditional herbal medicine are investigated in depth to identify more bioactive components by bioactivity-guided isolation strategies, and to illustrate the mechanisms of action targeting on ethnomedical uses. Future clinical studies can also focus on the main therapeutic aspects, toxicity and adverse effects of B. chinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia, Baotou 014060, China; Guangxi key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Kunhua Wei
- Guangxi key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Jianping Xu
- Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia, Baotou 014060, China; Guangxi key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Dawei Yang
- Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia, Baotou 014060, China
| | - Chunhong Zhang
- Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia, Baotou 014060, China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA
| | - Minhui Li
- Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia, Baotou 014060, China; Guangxi key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China; Inner Mongolia Research Center of Characteristic Medicinal Plants Cultivation and Protection Engineering Technology, Inner Mongolia, Baotou 014060, China.
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20
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Belamcandae chinensis rhizoma – a review of phytochemistry and bioactivity. Fitoterapia 2015; 107:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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21
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Preparation, characterization and in vitro/vivo evaluation of tectorigenin solid dispersion with improved dissolution and bioavailability. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2015; 41:413-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s13318-015-0265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is the commonest, non-cutaneous cancer in men. At present, there is no cure for the advanced, castration-resistant form of the disease. Estrogen has been shown to be important in prostate carcinogenesis, with evidence resulting from epidemiological, cancer cell line, human tissue and animal studies. The prostate expresses both estrogen receptor alpha (ERA) and estrogen receptor beta (ERB). Most evidence suggests that ERA mediates the harmful effects of estrogen in the prostate, whereas ERB is tumour suppressive, but trials of ERB-selective agents have not translated into improved clinical outcomes. The role of ERB in the prostate remains unclear and there is increasing evidence that isoforms of ERB may be oncogenic. Detailed study of ERB and ERB isoforms in the prostate is required to establish their cell-specific roles, in order to determine if therapies can be directed towards ERB-dependent pathways. In this review, we summarise evidence on the role of ERB in prostate cancer and highlight areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Nelson
- Cancer Research UKCambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UKDepartment of UrologyAddenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKDame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research LaboratoriesFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Level 4, Hanson Institute Building, DX Number 650 801, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, AustraliaDepartment of OncologyUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UKCancer Research UKCambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UKDepartment of UrologyAddenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKDame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research LaboratoriesFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Level 4, Hanson Institute Building, DX Number 650 801, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, AustraliaDepartment of OncologyUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Wayne D Tilley
- Cancer Research UKCambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UKDepartment of UrologyAddenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKDame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research LaboratoriesFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Level 4, Hanson Institute Building, DX Number 650 801, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, AustraliaDepartment of OncologyUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UKCancer Research UKCambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UKDepartment of UrologyAddenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKDame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research LaboratoriesFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Level 4, Hanson Institute Building, DX Number 650 801, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, AustraliaDepartment of OncologyUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - David E Neal
- Cancer Research UKCambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UKDepartment of UrologyAddenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKDame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research LaboratoriesFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Level 4, Hanson Institute Building, DX Number 650 801, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, AustraliaDepartment of OncologyUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UKCancer Research UKCambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UKDepartment of UrologyAddenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKDame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research LaboratoriesFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Level 4, Hanson Institute Building, DX Number 650 801, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, AustraliaDepartment of OncologyUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UKCancer Research UKCambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UKDepartment of UrologyAddenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKDame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research LaboratoriesFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Level 4, Hanson Institute Building, DX Number 650 801, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, AustraliaDepartment of OncologyUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Jason S Carroll
- Cancer Research UKCambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UKDepartment of UrologyAddenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKDame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research LaboratoriesFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Level 4, Hanson Institute Building, DX Number 650 801, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, AustraliaDepartment of OncologyUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UKCancer Research UKCambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UKDepartment of UrologyAddenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKDame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research LaboratoriesFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Level 4, Hanson Institute Building, DX Number 650 801, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, AustraliaDepartment of OncologyUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
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23
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The Antibacterial Assay of Tectorigenin with Detergents or ATPase Inhibitors against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:716509. [PMID: 24987433 PMCID: PMC4058531 DOI: 10.1155/2014/716509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tectorigenin (TTR) is an O-methylated isoflavone derived from the rhizome of Belamacanda chinensis (L.) DC. It is known to perform a wide spectrum of biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor. The aim of this study is to examine the mechanism of antibacterial activity of TTR against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The anti-MRSA activity of TTR was analyzed in combination assays with detergent, ATPase inhibitors, and peptidoglycan (PGN) derived from S. aureus. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to monitor survival characteristics and changes in S. aureus morphology. The MIC values of TTR against all the tested strains were 125 μg/mL. The OD(600) of each suspension treated with a combination of Triton X-100, DCCD, and NaN3 with TTR (1/10 × MIC) had been reduced from 68% to 80%, compared to the TTR alone. At a concentration of 125 μg/mL, PGN blocked antibacterial activity of TTR. This study indicates that anti-MRSA action of TTR is closely related to cytoplasmic membrane permeability and ABC transporter, and PGN at 125 μg/mL directly bind to and inhibit TTR at 62.5 μg/mL. These results can be important indication in study on antimicrobial activity mechanism against multidrug resistant strains.
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24
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Shim M, Bae JY, Lee YJ, Ahn MJ. Tectoridin from Maackia amurensis modulates both estrogen and thyroid receptors. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:602-606. [PMID: 24252334 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM The stem bark of Maackia amurensis has been used as folk medicine for the treatment of cancer, cholecystitis, arthritis, and hyperthyroidism in females. In this study we examined the effects of the ethyl acetate fraction obtained from the 70% ethanol extract of M. amurensis and tectoridin, an active constituent isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction on thyroid and estrogen hormone activity. METHODS The effect of the ethanolic extract of M. amurensis stem bark on thyroid hormone activity was evaluated using thyroid hormone responsive-luciferase assay. We isolated tectoridin from the ethyl acetate fraction using a recrystallization method. T-screen assays were used to confirm thyroid hormone activity. The estrogenic activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of M. amurensis and tectoridin was evaluated by estrogen responsive-luciferase assay and estrogen receptor alpha regulation as compared to 17β-estradiol. RESULTS Both the ethyl acetate fraction and tectoridin activated thyroid-responsive reporters and increased thyroid hormone-dependent proliferation of rat pituitary GH3 cells, indicating modulation of thyroid hormone receptors. In parallel, the estrogenic activity of the fraction and tectoridin were characterized in a transient transfection system using estrogen-responsive luciferase plasmids in MCF-7 cells. The ethyl acetate fraction and tectoridin activated reporter gene expression and decreased the estrogen receptor protein level. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that tectoridin acts as a weak phytoestrogen as well as a thyroid hormone-like agent by activating both estrogen and thyroid hormone receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongkuk Shim
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeong Bae
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Lee
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi-Jeong Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Thelen P, Wuttke W, Seidlová-Wuttke D. Phytoestrogens selective for the estrogen receptor beta exert anti-androgenic effects in castration resistant prostate cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 139:290-3. [PMID: 23872207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in men of the Western world. A castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) eventually will arise when a local restricted prostate carcinoma was not cured duly by radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy. Although androgen ablation therapies are considered the gold standard for treatments of advanced prostate cancer there is no curative therapy available at present. In previous pre-clinical and clinical trials several phytoestrogens were investigated for their anticancer potential in various models for prostate cancer. Phytoestrogens feature tumour preventive characteristics and most probably are involved in the low incidence rate of hormone related cancers in Asian countries. Phytoestrogens such as isoflavones can have a marked impact on the most essential therapy target of CRPC i.e. the androgen receptor. Furthermore, functional analyses solidified the notion of such drugs as androgen antagonistic. Phytoestrogens commonly feature low toxicity combined with a potential of targeted therapy. Thus, these drugs qualify for conceivable implementation in prostate cancer patients under active surveillance. In addition, relapse prevention with these drugs after radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy might be considered. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Phytoestrogens'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Thelen
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Department of Urology, 37099 Göttingen, Germany.
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Hasibeder A, Venkataramani V, Thelen P, Radzun HJ, Schweyer S. Phytoestrogens regulate the proliferation and expression of stem cell factors in cell lines of malignant testicular germ cell tumors. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:1385-94. [PMID: 23969837 PMCID: PMC3823397 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens have been shown to exert anti-proliferative effects on different cancer cells. In addition it could be demonstrated that inhibition of proliferation is associated with downregulation of the known stem cell factors NANOG, POU5F1 and SOX2 in tumor cells. We demonstrate the potential of Belamcanda chinensis extract (BCE) and tectorigenin as anticancer drugs in cell lines of malignant testicular germ cell tumor cells (TGCT) by inhibition of proliferation and regulating the expression of stem cell factors. The TGCT cell lines TCam-2 and NTera-2 were treated with BCE or tectorigenin and MTT assay was used to measure the proliferation of tumor cells. In addition, the expression of stem cell factors was analyzed by quantitative PCR and western blot analysis. Furthermore, global expression analysis was performed by microarray technique. BCE and tectorigenin inhibited proliferation and downregulated the stem cell factors NANOG and POU5F1 in TGCT cells. In addition, gene expression profiling revealed induction of genes important for the differentiation and inhibition of oncogenes. Utilizing connectivity map in an attempt to elucidate mechanism underlying BCE treatments we found highly positive association to histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) amongst others. Causing no histone deacetylase inhibition, the effects of BCE on proliferation and stem cell factors may be based on histone-independent mechanisms such as direct hyperacetylation of transcription factors. Based on these findings, phytoestrogens may be useful as new agents in the treatment of TGCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Hasibeder
- Department of Pathology, Georg August University, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Kapoor S. Tectorigenin and its inhibitory effects on tumor growth in systemic malignancies. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2013; 35:533. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2013.799685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ha LM, Que DTN, Huyen DTT, Long PQ, Dat NT. Toxicity, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of tectorigenin. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2013; 35:336-40. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2013.770521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Yang YI, Lee KT, Park HJ, Kim TJ, Choi YS, Shih IM, Choi JH. Tectorigenin sensitizes paclitaxel-resistant human ovarian cancer cells through downregulation of the Akt and NFκB pathway. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:2488-98. [PMID: 23027625 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel (Taxol) is currently used as the front-line chemotherapeutic agent for several cancers including ovarian carcinoma; however, the drug frequently induces drug resistance through multiple mechanisms. The new strategy of using natural compounds in combination therapies is highly attractive because those compounds may enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy. In this study, we found that tectorigenin, an isoflavonoid isolated from flower of Pueraria thunbergiana, enhanced the growth-inhibitory effect of paclitaxel in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cells (MPSC1(TR), A2780(TR) and SKOV3(TR)) as well as their naive counterparts. The combination of tectorigenin with paclitaxel resulted in a synergistic apoptosis compared with either agent alone through activation of caspases-3, -8 and -9. Treatment with tectorigenin inhibited the nuclear translocation of NFκB and the expression of NFκB-dependent genes such as FLIP, XIAP, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and COX-2, which are known to be associated with chemoresistance. In addition, the tectorigenin-paclitaxel combination inhibited the phosphorylation of IκB and IKK and the activation of Akt in paclitaxel-resistant cancer cells. Moreover, tectorigenin-paclitaxel-induced cell growth inhibition was enhanced by pretreatment with the Akt inhibitor LY294002 or overexpression of the dominant negative Akt (Akt-DN), but reduced by overexpression of constitutively activated Akt (Akt-Myr). Furthermore, we found that Akt-Myr, at least in part, reversed tectorigenin-paclitaxel-induced nuclear translocation of NFκB and the phosphorylation of IκB and IKK. These data suggest that tectorigenin could sensitize paclitaxel-resistant human ovarian cancer cells through inactivation of the Akt/IKK/IκB/NFκB signaling pathway, and promise a new intervention to chemosensitize paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-In Yang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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The isoprenoid perillyl alcohol inhibits telomerase activity in prostate cancer cells. Biochimie 2012; 94:2639-48. [PMID: 22902867 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Isoprenoids are recognized for their ability to suppress carcinogenic processes in vivo and in vitro. We previously established that the isoprenoid, perillyl alcohol, acted mechanistically on translation of specific proteins through modulation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. Telomerase-the enzyme responsible for immortalizing cells through the addition of telomeric repeats-is de-repressed early in an aspiring cancer cell. Here the effects of biologically-relevant concentrations and short incubations (1-16 h) of perillyl alcohol or the mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin, on telomerase activity were examined in prostate cancer cell lines. A rapid suppression of telomerase activity was observed (from ∼65% to >95%) determined by real-time quantitative telomerase repeat amplification protocol and confirmed by polyacrylamide gel-analysis. Using real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR, we demonstrated that human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA levels were unaltered. Western blot analysis revealed that hTERT protein levels decreased in response to perillyl alcohol or rapamycin. This decrease was partially blocked by pretreatment with a proteasome inhibitor MG-132, indicating that proteasomal degradation contributed to the loss of hTERT protein. No change in hTERT phosphorylation at Ser824 was observed, indicating the absence of cellular hTERT protein redistribution. These findings provide evidence for a unique link between nutrient- and macrolide-mediated regulation of mTOR and hTERT, a key enzyme that regulates DNA structure and stability.
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Abstract
Telomeres are stretches of repeated DNA sequences located at the ends of chromosomes that are necessary to prevent loss of gene-coding DNA regions during replication. Telomerase – the enzyme responsible for immortalising cancer cells through the addition of telomeric repeats – is active in ~90% of human cancers. Telomerase activity is inhibited by various phytochemicals such as isoprenoids, genistein, curcumin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, resveratrol and others. Human TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase – the rate-limiting component of telomerase), heat shock protein 90, Akt, p70 S6 kinase (S6K) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) form a physical and functional complex with one another. The inclusion of Akt, mTOR and S6K in the TERT complex is compelling evidence to support mTOR-mediated control of telomerase activity. This review will define the role of mTOR, the master regulator of protein translation, in telomerase regulation and provide additional insights into the numerous ways in which telomerase activity is hindered by phytochemicals.
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Zhang WD, Yang WJ, Wang XJ, Gu Y, Wang R. Simultaneous determination of tectorigenin, irigenin and irisflorentin in rat plasma and urine by UHPLC–MS/MS: Application to pharmacokinetics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:3735-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Tsui KH, Chung LC, Feng TH, Chang PL, Juang HH. Upregulation of prostate-derived Ets factor by luteolin causes inhibition of cell proliferation and cell invasion in prostate carcinoma cells. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:2812-23. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Thelen P, Strauss A, Stettner M, Kaulfuss S, Ringert RH, Loertzer H. [Antiandrogen strategies in prostate cancer: reconstitution of oestrogen receptor beta]. Urologe A 2010; 49:1124, 1126-8, 1130. [PMID: 20725712 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-010-2370-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In advanced prostate cancer, albeit castration resistant, an active androgen receptor is still pivotal for growth and cell survival. Recent therapies involving more effective antiandrogens such as MDV3100 proved to be successful. Furthermore, blocking de novo intracrine androgen synthesis, e.g. with abiraterone acetate, provides additional benefit. Besides these antiandrogen measures, compounds which enable the reconstitution of the oestrogen receptor beta as a tumour suppressor restrain aberrant androgen receptor signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Thelen
- Urologische Universitätsklinik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Deutschland
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Zhang H, Liu X, Chen S, Wu J, Ye X, Xu L, Chen H, Zhang D, Tan R, Wang Y. Tectorigenin inhibits the in vitro proliferation and enhances miR-338* expression of pulmonary fibroblasts in rats with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 131:165-173. [PMID: 20600766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Tectorigenin is one of the main components in rhizomes of Iris tectorum, which is traditionally used to treat disorders such as hepatic cirrhosis caused by fibrosis. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), one of the most common interstitial lung diseases, is caused by accumulation of fibroblasts in lungs. AIM OF THE STUDY In this work we sought to examine the effects of tectorigenin on pulmonary fibroblasts in the IPF animal model and investigated the molecular mechanism (microRNA regulation) of tectorigenin treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS A well-known animal disease model of pulmonary fibrosis in rat was established by intratracheally instilling of bleomycin. In vitro cultured pulmonary fibroblasts in bleomycin-treated rats and in controls were treated with or without tectorigenin. Comparative analyses of cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle of pulmonary fibroblasts in bleomycin-treated rats and in controls were performed. Expression of miR-338* and its candidate gene LPA1 related to IPF of tectorigenin-treated pulmonary fibroblasts in bleomycin-treated rats were further investigated. RESULTS Tectorigenin significantly inhibited the proliferation of pulmonary fibroblasts in bleomycin-treated rats but not in controls. However, no altered cell cycle and apoptosis of pulmonary fibroblasts in bleomycin-treated rats and in controls was observed after tectorigenin treatment. Tectorigenin remarkably enhanced miR-338* expression of pulmonary fibroblasts in bleomycin-treated rats and downregulated LPA1 in the protein level. CONCLUSIONS Tectorigenin inhibits the proliferation of pulmonary fibroblasts in vitro and enhances miR-338* expression, which might in turn downregulate LPA1. This indicates a potential inhibitory role of tectorigenin on the pathogenesis of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Wozniak D, Janda B, Kapusta I, Oleszek W, Matkowski A. Antimutagenic and anti-oxidant activities of isoflavonoids from Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2010; 696:148-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Revised: 06/17/2009] [Accepted: 07/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Quality evaluation of Rhizoma Belamcandae (Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC.) by using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector and mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:2071-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Revised: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 05/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zhang WD, Qi LW, Yang XL, Lu YW, Li P, Yang ZL. Determination of Tectorigenin in Rat Plasma: Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study After Oral Administration of Tectorigenin or Its Prodrug Tectoridin. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0798-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Zhang WD, Qi LW, Yang XL, Huang WZ, Li P, Yang ZL. Identification of the major metabolites of tectorigenin in rat bile by liquid chromatography combined with time-of-flight and ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:2677-2684. [PMID: 18668634 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A novel methodology for the identification of tetorigenin and its metabolites in rat bile has been created using liquid chromatography (LC) combined with time-of-flight (TOF) and ion trap multiple mass spectrometry (IT-MSn). As a means to discriminate amongst unknown organic compounds in complex biological matrices, the proposed methodology relies upon the combination of LC/TOF-MS to provide accurate mass measurements in generating a molecular formula while benefiting from the complementary structural information provided by the LC/IT-MSn. In this study, the combined approach has been applied to the metabolic fingerprinting chromatograms of rat bile samples before and after tectorigenin administration. All possible metabolites are investigated based on accurate mass data and isotope function using LC/TOF-MS and structural confirmation using LC/IT-MSn. Seven phase II metabolities of tectorigenin in rat bile have been successfully elucidated using this novel LC approach and are being reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education; Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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Fang R, Houghton PJ, Hylands PJ. Cytotoxic effects of compounds from Iris tectorum on human cancer cell lines. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 118:257-263. [PMID: 18508214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2007] [Revised: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 04/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the course of searching for novel cytotoxic compounds which can be used in chemotherapy, several Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) have been screened by bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation. An extract of rhizomes of Iris tectorum Maxim., a TCM used to treat cancer, exhibited highest potency and led to the isolation of two flavonoids, 7-O-methylaromadendrin and tectorigenin, and four iridal-type triterpenes, iritectols A and B, isoiridogermanal and iridobelamal A. The cytotoxicities of the isolated compounds against four human cancer cell lines were evaluated by the SRB assay. Iritectol B, isoiridogermanal and iridobelamal A showed similar cytotoxicity with IG(50) around 11 microM and 23 microM against MCF-7 and C32 cell lines, respectively. Cell cycle-specific inhibition and apoptosis induced by the isolated compounds were determined using flow cytometry with two sets of co-labelling systems: annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide and fluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide. Iritectol B demonstrated dose-dependent apoptotic effect against COR-L23 cells with an apoptotic rate of 33% at 100 microM. Tectorigenin (an analogue of genistein) showed cell cycle specific inhibition and arrested cells at G(2)/M phase up to 400 microM, but did not demonstrate apoptotic effect against COR-L23 cells up to 1 mM. The overall activities of isolated compounds observed in the present study support the traditional use of Iris tectorum Maxim. in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Fang
- Centre for Natural Medicines Research, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
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Xiao Z, Li H, Xue J, Shi L, Zhu H. Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Tectorigenin. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910701796725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhu‐Ping Xiao
- a Institute of Functional Biomolecules, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University , Nanjing, China
- b Department of Chemistry , Shangrao Normal College , Shangrao, China
| | - Huan‐Qiu Li
- a Institute of Functional Biomolecules, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University , Nanjing, China
| | - Jia‐Yu Xue
- a Institute of Functional Biomolecules, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University , Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Shi
- a Institute of Functional Biomolecules, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University , Nanjing, China
| | - Hai‐Liang Zhu
- a Institute of Functional Biomolecules, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University , Nanjing, China
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Stettner M, Kaulfuss S, Burfeind P, Schweyer S, Strauss A, Ringert RH, Thelen P. The relevance of estrogen receptor- expression to the antiproliferative effects observed with histone deacetylase inhibitors and phytoestrogens in prostate cancer treatment. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 6:2626-33. [PMID: 17913855 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the prostate, estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta), the preferred receptor for phytoestrogens, has features of a tumor suppressor. To investigate the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects on prostate cancer of histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) and phytoestrogen tectorigenin, we analyzed the expression of ERbeta after tectorigenin or VPA treatment. For further functional analysis, we knocked down ERbeta expression by RNA interference. LNCaP prostate cancer cells were treated with 5 mmol/L VPA or 100 micromol/L tectorigenin and transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) against ERbeta. Control transfections were done with luciferase (LUC) siRNA. Expression of ERbeta was assessed by Western blot. mRNA expression was quantitated by real-time reverse transcription-PCR. Expression of ERbeta mRNA and protein markedly increased after VPA or tectorigenin treatment. When ERbeta was knocked down by siRNA, the expression of prostate-derived Ets factor, prostate-specific antigen, prostate cancer-specific indicator gene DD3(PCA3), insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, the catalytic subunit of the telomerase, and ERalpha was up-regulated and the tectorigenin effects were abrogated. ERbeta levels were diminished in prostate cancer and loss of ERbeta was associated with proliferation. Here, we show that siRNA-mediated knockdown of ERbeta increases the expression of genes highly relevant to tumor cell proliferation. In addition, we show that one prominent result of treatment with VPA or tectorigenin is the up-regulation of ERbeta resulting in antiproliferative effects. Thus, these drugs, by restoring the regulatory function of ERbeta in tumor cells, could become useful in the intervention of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Stettner
- Department of Urology, Georg-August-University, 37099 Göttingen, Germany
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Thelen P, Peter T, Hünermund A, Kaulfuss S, Seidlová-Wuttke D, Wuttke W, Ringert RH, Seseke F. Phytoestrogens from Belamcanda chinensis regulate the expression of steroid receptors and related cofactors in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. BJU Int 2007; 100:199-203. [PMID: 17488304 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2007.06924.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes in expression underlying the marked reduction of tumour growth in vivo, by analysing the effect of Belamcanda chinensis extract (BCE) on LNCaP cells in vitro, as phytoestrogens are chemopreventive in prostate cancer, and in previous studies we examined the effects of the isoflavone tectorigenin isolated from B. chinensis on LNCaP prostate cancer cells, and a BCE consisting of 13 phytoestrogenic compounds on tumour-bearing nude mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS LNCaP cells were treated with 100, 400 or 1400 microg/mL BCE; proliferation was assessed with an Alamar Blue assay. We used real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to quantify mRNA expression of the androgen receptor (AR), the AR coactivator prostate derived Ets transcription factor (PDEF), NKX3.1, prostate specific antigen (PSA) and oestrogen receptor-beta (ER-beta) compared with the expression of the housekeeping gene porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD). PSA secretion from LNCaP cells was measured and protein expression of the AR investigated by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Concomitant with a marked decrease of tumour cell proliferation BCE down-regulated the expression of the AR, PDEF, NKX3.1 and PSA. In the same experiments, the expression of PBGD was unaltered, whereas ER-beta expression increased. Furthermore, AR protein and PSA secretion were markedly diminished after treatments with the BCE. CONCLUSION BCE, comprising 13 different phytoestrogens, decreases the expression of the AR and its co-activator PDEF concomitant with diminished cell proliferation and PSA secretion. NKX3.1 expression was also reduced by BCE. We hypothesise that the positive effects of BCE are initiated by up-regulation of the ER-beta, a putative tumour-suppressor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Thelen
- Department of Urology, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany.
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Hamann I, Seidlova-Wuttke D, Wuttke W, Köhrle J. Effects of isoflavonoids and other plant-derived compounds on the hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid hormone axis. Maturitas 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2006.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Miller K, Krause H. Forschung in urologischen Universitätskliniken. Urologe A 2006; 45 Suppl 4:15-9. [PMID: 16865381 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-006-1140-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Miller
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin.
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Thelen P, Seseke F, Ringert RH, Wuttke W, Seidlová-Wuttke D. [Pharmacological potential of phytoestrogens in the treatment of prostate cancer]. Urologe A 2006; 45:195-6, 197-201. [PMID: 16237540 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-005-0932-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phytoestrogenes are plant-derived compounds that have been shown to exert an antiproliferative potential on prostate cancer cells, although the exact mechanisms are still unclear. In prostate cancer cells proliferation is regulated by modulation of the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-R-1) by the androgen receptor (AR) and its co-activator prostate derived Ets factor (PDEF). Phytooestrogenes interact with these mechanisms as demonstrated exemplarily in the presented study with the isoflavone tectorigenin derived from Belamcanda chinensis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cultured androgen-sensitive LNCaP prostate cancer cells were treated with tectorigenin of 100 microM for 24 hours. The mRNA-expression of AR, PSA, PDEF, hTERT, TIMP-3 and IGF-R-1 were quantified by real-time RT-PCR. Furthermore, the expression or activity of PSA, telomerase and IGF-R-1 was measured on the protein level. In addition, we investigated in nude mice the influence of a diet of extracts of Belamcanda chinensis on the growth of subcutaneously injected LNCaP cells versus a control group of animals fed with a soy-free diet. RESULTS In cultured LNCaP cells treatment with tectorigenin resulted in a significant down-regulation of the gene expression of AR, PDEF, PSA, IGF-R-1 and hTERT. On the protein level PSA secretion and the activity of telomerase and IGF-R-1 expression was also decreased. The gene expression of TIMP-3 was distinctly up-regulated by tectorigenin. Nude mice fed with Belamcanda chinensis extract showed a significantly decreased incidence and tumor growth compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Tectorigenin shows an inhibition of the IGF-1-R modulated cell proliferation of PCa-Cells, due to modulation of the activity the co-activator PDEF independently from the AR. Furthermore, tectorigenin has pro-apoptotic effects and decreases tissue invasion by up-regulation of TIMP-3. Therefore, phytooestrogenes are an interesting option in the therapy of prostate especially advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Thelen
- Klinik für Urologie, Georg-August Universität, Göttingen
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