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Fayed AM, Abdelzaher MA, Hassoni Mahdi N, AlKhafaf DMR, AbdElRahman M, Khalid Aldhalmi A, Haleem Al-Qaim Z, Abd Elmohsen Abo El Nour R, Abdelzaher HG, Muqbil Alsirhani A, Saied Morsi SE. Effect of ginger, chamomile, and green tea extracts on prostate cancer cells. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2024; 22:100395. [PMID: 39179318 PMCID: PMC11245927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2024.100395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a prevalent form of malignancy in males and is a significant contributor to cancer-related mortality worldwide. Because of this, studying the molecular processes of PCa cell growth and death is crucial. Hence, it is imperative to conduct further research on the regulatory mechanism underlying the progression of PCa to enhance our comprehension and identify innovative therapeutic targets. The present study investigates an experimental approach that utilizes cost-effective and environmentally sustainable plant extracts sourced from Egypt, namely ginger, chamomile, and green tea, which have been solubilized in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), then characterized by using different analytical means and techniques, such as HPLC and GC-MS. The present study employed MTT assay, ELISA, and qRT-PCR techniques to assess the possible impact of the investigated extracts on PCa in PC-3 cells. The findings indicate that ginger exhibited a noteworthy cytotoxic impact on PC-3. Remarkably, the treatment of PCa cells with ginger significantly increased relative lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) production compared to those treated with chamomile and green tea extracts. Autophagy may play a crucial role in the context of chemotherapy. Modifying autophagy through its induction or inhibition is a promising and innovative approach to controlcancer progression. Accordingly, it was found that ginger extract affects protein expression levels of autophagy markers LC3B, ATg12, and pro-apoptotic signaling, including the Caspase-3 signaling pathway. The ELISA findings revealed a significant rise in the average levels of IL-1β and IL-8 after a 12-hour interval. To conclude, it can be inferred that ginger extract possesses the capability to control the production of inflammatory cytokines. Alternatively, utilizing herbal remedies containing ginger as a viable and secure means of treating PCa as an anticancer agent is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysam M Fayed
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Egypt; Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, College of Health and Medical Technique, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon 51001, Iraq
| | - M A Abdelzaher
- Environmental Science and Industrial Development Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt.
| | - Neamah Hassoni Mahdi
- Anesthesia Techniques Department, College of Health and Medical Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University, 51001 Babylon, Iraq
| | - Dina M R AlKhafaf
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, College of Health and Medical Technique, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon 51001, Iraq; College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq
| | - Mohamed AbdElRahman
- College of Pharmacy, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon 51001, Iraq; Clinical Pharmacy Department, Badr University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Egypt
| | | | - Zahraa Haleem Al-Qaim
- Anesthesia Techniques Department, College of Health and Medical Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University, 51001 Babylon, Iraq
| | - Rania Abd Elmohsen Abo El Nour
- Anesthesia Techniques Department, College of Health and Medical Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University, 51001 Babylon, Iraq
| | - Heba G Abdelzaher
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Alaa Muqbil Alsirhani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salwa El Saied Morsi
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Egypt
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2
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Carlin CR, Ngalula S. Loss of EGF receptor polarity enables homeostatic imbalance in epithelial-cell models. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar116. [PMID: 37647145 PMCID: PMC10846618 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-04-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The polarized distribution of membrane proteins into apical and basolateral domains provides the basis for specialized functions of epithelial tissues. The EGF receptor (EGFR) plays important roles in embryonic development, adult-epithelial tissue homeostasis, and growth and survival of many carcinomas. Typically targeted to basolateral domains, there is also considerable evidence of EGFR sorting plasticity but very limited knowledge regarding domain-specific EGFR substrates. Here we have investigated effects of selective EGFR mistargeting because of inactive-basolateral sorting signals on epithelial-cell homeostatic responses to growth-induced stress in MDCK cell models. Aberrant EGFR localization was associated with multilayer formation, anchorage-independent growth, and upregulated expression of the intermediate filament-protein vimentin characteristically seen in cells undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. EGFRs were selectively retained following their internalization from apical membranes, and a signaling pathway involving the signaling adaptor Gab1 protein and extracellular signal-regulated kinase ERK5 had an essential role integrating multiple responses to growth-induced stress. Our studies highlight the potential importance of cellular machinery specifying EGFR polarity in epithelial pathologies associated with homeostatic imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathleen R. Carlin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4970
- Case Western Reserve University Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4970
| | - Syntyche Ngalula
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4970
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3
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Oh JW, Muthu M, Pushparaj SSC, Gopal J. Anticancer Therapeutic Effects of Green Tea Catechins (GTCs) When Integrated with Antioxidant Natural Components. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052151. [PMID: 36903395 PMCID: PMC10004647 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
After decades of research and development concerning cancer treatment, cancer is still at large and very much a threat to the global human population. Cancer remedies have been sought from all possible directions, including chemicals, irradiation, nanomaterials, natural compounds, and the like. In this current review, we surveyed the milestones achieved by green tea catechins and what has been accomplished in cancer therapy. Specifically, we have assessed the synergistic anticarcinogenic effects when green tea catechins (GTCs) are combined with other antioxidant-rich natural compounds. Living in an age of inadequacies, combinatorial approaches are gaining momentum, and GTCs have progressed much, yet there are insufficiencies that can be improvised when combined with natural antioxidant compounds. This review highlights that there are not many reports in this specific area and encourages and recommends research attention in this direction. The antioxidant/prooxidant mechanisms of GTCs have also been highlighted. The current scenario and the future of such combinatorial approaches have been addressed, and the lacunae in this aspect have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Wook Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Manikandan Muthu
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Suraj Shiv Charan Pushparaj
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Judy Gopal
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-44-66726677; Fax: +91-44-2681-1009
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4
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Ali M, Wani SUD, Salahuddin M, S.N. M, K M, Dey T, Zargar MI, Singh J. Recent advance of herbal medicines in cancer- a molecular approach. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13684. [PMID: 36865478 PMCID: PMC9971193 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds are crucial for an extensive range of therapeutic uses, and some exhibit anticancer activity. Scientists advocate that phytochemicals modulate autophagy and apoptosis, involved in the underlying pathobiology of cancer development and regulation. The pharmacological aiming of the autophagy-apoptosis signaling pathway using phytocompounds hence offers an auspicious method that is complementary to conventional cancer chemotherapy. The current review aims to explore the molecular level of the autophagic-apoptotic pathway to know its implication in the pathobiology of cancer and explore the essential cellular process as a druggable anticancer target and therapeutic emergence of naturally derived phytocompound-based anticancer agents. The data in the review were collected from scientific databases such as Google search, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and Clinical Trials. With a broad outlook, we investigated their cutting-edge scientifically revealed and/or searched pharmacologic effects, a novel mechanism of action, and molecular signaling pathway of phytochemicals in cancer therapy. In this review, the evidence is focused on molecular pharmacology, specifically caspase, Nrf2, NF-kB, autophagic-apoptotic pathway, and several mechanisms to understand their role in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, East Point College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, 560049, India
| | - Shahid Ud Din Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Md Salahuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, 560027, India
| | - Manjula S.N.
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy Mysuru, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570004, India
| | - Mruthunjaya K
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy Mysuru, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570004, India
| | - Tathagata Dey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, East Point College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, 560049, India
| | - Mohammed Iqbal Zargar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Jagadeesh Singh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, East Point College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, 560049, India
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5
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Therapeutic Effects of Green Tea Polyphenol (‒)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) in Relation to Molecular Pathways Controlling Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010340. [PMID: 36613784 PMCID: PMC9820274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
(‒)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant polyphenol in green tea. Thanks to multiple interactions with cell surface receptors, intracellular signaling pathways, and nuclear transcription factors, EGCG possesses a wide variety of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifibrotic, anti-remodelation, and tissue-protective properties which may be useful in the treatment of various diseases, particularly in cancer, and neurological, cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic disorders. This article reviews current information on the biological effects of EGCG in the above-mentioned disorders in relation to molecular pathways controlling inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis.
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6
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Wang M, Liu X, Chen T, Cheng X, Xiao H, Meng X, Jiang Y. Inhibition and potential treatment of colorectal cancer by natural compounds via various signaling pathways. Front Oncol 2022; 12:956793. [PMID: 36158694 PMCID: PMC9496650 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.956793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common type of malignant digestive tract tumor with a high incidence rate worldwide. Currently, the clinical treatment of CRC predominantly include surgical resection, postoperative chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, these treatments contain severe limitations such as drug side effects, the risk of recurrence and drug resistance. Some natural compounds found in plants, fungi, marine animals, and bacteria have been shown to inhibit the occurrence and development of CRC. Although the explicit molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of these compounds on CRC are not clear, classical signaling transduction pathways such as NF-kB and Wnt/β-catenin are extensively regulated. In this review, we have summarized the specific mechanisms regulating the inhibition and development of CRC by various types of natural compounds through nine signaling pathways, and explored the potential therapeutic values of these natural compounds in the clinical treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchuan Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianjun Liu
- College of Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianbin Cheng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huijie Xiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianglong Meng
- Department of Burns Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Jiang,
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7
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Islam F, Mitra S, Emran TB, Khan Z, Nath N, Das R, Sharma R, Awadh AAA, Park MN, Kim B. Natural Small Molecules in Gastrointestinal Tract and Associated Cancers: Molecular Insights and Targeted Therapies. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27175686. [PMID: 36080453 PMCID: PMC9457641 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers of the gastrointestinal tract. Although surgery is the primary treatment, serious maladies that dissipate to other parts of the body may require chemotherapy. As there is no effective procedure to treat stomach cancer, natural small molecules are a current focus of research interest for the development of better therapeutics. Chemotherapy is usually used as a last resort for people with advanced stomach cancer. Anti-colon cancer chemotherapy has become increasingly effective due to drug resistance and sensitivity across a wide spectrum of drugs. Naturally-occurring substances have been widely acknowledged as an important project for discovering innovative medications, and many therapeutic pharmaceuticals are made from natural small molecules. Although the beneficial effects of natural products are as yet unknown, emerging data suggest that several natural small molecules could suppress the progression of stomach cancer. Therefore, the underlying mechanism of natural small molecules for pathways that are directly involved in the pathogenesis of cancerous diseases is reviewed in this article. Chemotherapy and molecularly-targeted drugs can provide hope to colon cancer patients. New discoveries could help in the fight against cancer, and future stomach cancer therapies will probably include molecularly formulated drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (T.B.E.); (B.K.)
| | - Zidan Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Nikhil Nath
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ahmed Abdullah Al Awadh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 05254, Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 05254, Korea
- Correspondence: (T.B.E.); (B.K.)
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8
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Oxidized tea polyphenol (OTP-3) targets EGFR synergistic nimotuzumab at inhibition of non-small cell lung tumor growth. Bioorg Chem 2022; 128:106084. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Hsu SC, Wu NP, Lu YC, Ma YH. Laminin Receptor-Mediated Nanoparticle Uptake by Tumor Cells: Interplay of Epigallocatechin Gallate and Magnetic Force at Nano–Bio Interface. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081523. [PMID: 35893779 PMCID: PMC9330565 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major tea catechin, enhances cellular uptake of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), but the mechanism remains unclear. Since EGCG may interact with the 67-kDa laminin receptor (67LR) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), we investigate whether a receptor and its downstream signaling may mediate EGCG’s enhancement effects on nanoparticle uptake. As measured using a colorimetric iron assay, EGCG induced a concentration-dependent enhancement effect of MNP internalization by LN-229 glioma cells, which was synergistically enhanced by the application of a magnetic field. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that EGCG increased the number, but not the size, of internalized vesicles, whereas EGCG and the magnet synergistically increased the size of vesicles. EGCG appears to enhance particle–particle interaction and thus aggregation following a 5-min magnet application. An antibody against 67LR, knockdown of 67LR, and a 67LR peptide (amino acid 161–170 of 67LR) attenuated EGCG-induced MNP uptake by 35%, 100%, and 45%, respectively, suggesting a crucial role of 67LR in the effects of EGCG. Heparin, the 67LR-binding glycosaminoglycan, attenuated EGCG-induced MNP uptake in the absence, but not presence, of the magnet. Such enhancement effects of EGCG were attenuated by LY294002 (a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor) and Akt inhibitor, but not by agents affecting cGMP levels, suggesting potential involvement of signaling downstream of 67LR. In contrast, the antibody against EGFR exerted no effect on EGCG-enhanced internalization. These results suggest that 67LR may be potentially amenable to tumor-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chieh Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Master Program in Biotechnology Industry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Nian-Ping Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Ching Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Yunn-Hwa Ma
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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10
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Nikou SA, Zhou C, Griffiths JS, Kotowicz NK, Coleman BM, Green MJ, Moyes DL, Gaffen SL, Naglik JR, Parker PJ. The Candida albicans toxin candidalysin mediates distinct epithelial inflammatory responses through p38 and EGFR-ERK pathways. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabj6915. [PMID: 35380879 PMCID: PMC7612652 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abj6915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The fungal pathogen Candida albicans secretes the peptide toxin candidalysin, which damages epithelial cells and drives an innate inflammatory response mediated by the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways and the transcription factor c-Fos. In cultured oral epithelial cells, candidalysin activated the MAPK p38, which resulted in heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) activation, IL-6 release, and EGFR phosphorylation without affecting the induction of c-Fos. p38 activation was not triggered by EGFR but by two nonredundant pathways involving MAPK kinases (MKKs) and the kinase Src, which differentially controlled p38 signaling outputs. Whereas MKKs mainly promoted p38-dependent release of IL-6, Src promoted p38-mediated phosphorylation of EGFR in a ligand-independent fashion. In parallel, candidalysin also activated the EGFR-ERK pathway in a ligand-dependent manner, resulting in c-Fos activation and release of the neutrophil-activating chemokines G-CSF and GM-CSF. In mice, early clearance events of oral C. albicans infection required p38 but not c-Fos. These findings delineate how candidalysin activates the pathways downstream of the MAPKs p38 and ERK that differentially contribute to immune activation during C. albicans infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridoula-Angeliki Nikou
- Protein Phosphorylation Lab, The Francis Crick Institute; London, UK
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London; London, UK
| | - Chunsheng Zhou
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, USA
| | - James S. Griffiths
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London; London, UK
| | - Natalia K. Kotowicz
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London; London, UK
| | - Bianca M. Coleman
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Mary J. Green
- Experimental Histopathology Lab, The Francis Crick Institute; London, UK
| | - David L. Moyes
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London; London, UK
| | - Sarah L. Gaffen
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Julian R. Naglik
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London; London, UK
| | - Peter J. Parker
- Protein Phosphorylation Lab, The Francis Crick Institute; London, UK
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, New Hunt’s House, King’s College London; London, UK
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11
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Alam M, Ali S, Ashraf GM, Bilgrami AL, Yadav DK, Hassan MI. Epigallocatechin 3-gallate: From green tea to cancer therapeutics. Food Chem 2022; 379:132135. [PMID: 35063850 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) possesses various biological functions, including anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. EGCG is an abundant polyphenolic component originating from green tea extract that has exhibited versatile bioactivities in combating several cancers. This review highlights the pharmacological features of EGCG and its therapeutic implications in cancer and other metabolic diseases. It modulates numerous signaling pathways, regulating cells' undesired survival and proliferation, thus imparting strong tumor chemopreventive and therapeutic effects. EGCG initiates cell death through the intrinsic pathway and causes inhibition of EGFR, STAT3, and ERK pathways in several cancers. EGCG alters and inhibits ERK1/2, NF-κB, and Akt-mediated signaling, altering the Bcl-2 family proteins ratio and activating caspases in tumor cells. This review focuses on anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenesis, and apoptotic effects of EGCG. We further highlighted the potential of EGCG in different types of cancer, emphasizing clinical trials formulations that further improve our understanding of the therapeutic management of cancer and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzar Alam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Sabeeha Ali
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar L Bilgrami
- Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Hambakmoeiro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon City 21924, South Korea.
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
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12
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Yang H, Yue GGL, Leung PC, Wong CK, Lau CBS. A review on the molecular mechanisms, the therapeutic treatment including the potential of herbs and natural products, and target prediction of obesity-associated colorectal cancer. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:106031. [PMID: 34896542 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Obesity has been proven to be closely related to colorectal carcinogenesis. This review summarized the potential underlying mechanisms linking obesity to CRC in different aspects, including energy metabolism, inflammation, activities of adipokines and hormones. Furthermore, the potential therapeutic targets of obesity-associated CRC were predicted using network-based target analysis, with total predicted pathways not only containing previously reported pathways, but also putative signaling pathways pending for investigation. In addition, the current conventional therapeutic treatment options, plus the potential use of herbs and natural products in the management of obesity-associated CRC were also discussed. Taken together, the aim of this review article is to provide strong theoretical basis for future drug development, particularly herbs and natural products, in obesity-associated CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihai Yang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Grace Gar Lee Yue
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Ping Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Chun Kwok Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Clara Bik San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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13
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George BP, Chandran R, Abrahamse H. Role of Phytochemicals in Cancer Chemoprevention: Insights. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091455. [PMID: 34573087 PMCID: PMC8466984 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a condition where the body cells multiply in an uncontrollable manner. Chemoprevention of cancer is a broad term that describes the involvement of external agents to slow down or suppress cancer growth. Synthetic and natural compounds are found useful in cancer chemoprevention. The occurrence of global cancer type varies, depending on many factors such as environmental, lifestyle, genetic etc. Cancer is often preventable in developed countries with advanced treatment modalities, whereas it is a painful death sentence in developing and low-income countries due to the lack of modern therapies and awareness. One best practice to identify cancer control measures is to study the origin and risk factors associated with common types. Based on these factors and the health status of patients, stage, and severity of cancer, type of treatment is decided. Even though there are well-established therapies, cancer still stands as one of the major causes of death and a public health burden globally. Research shows that most cancers can be prevented, treated, or the incidence can be delayed. Phytochemicals from various medicinal plants were reported to reduce various risk factors associated with different types of cancer through their chemopreventive role. This review highlights the role of bioactive compounds or natural products from plants in the chemoprevention of cancer. There are many plant based dietary factors involved in the chemoprevention process. The review discusses the process of carcinogenesis and chemoprevention using plants and phytocompounds, with special reference to five major chemopreventive phytocompounds. The article also summarizes the important chemopreventive mechanisms and signaling molecules involved in the process. Since the role of antioxidants in chemoprevention is inevitable, an insight into plant-based antioxidant compounds that fight against this dreadful disease at various stages of carcinogenesis and disease progression is discussed. This will fill the research gap in search of chemopreventive natural compounds and encourage scientists in clinical trials of anticancer agents from plants.
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González L, Díaz ME, Miquet JG, Sotelo AI, Dominici FP. Growth Hormone Modulation of Hepatic Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:403-414. [PMID: 33838976 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling has a central role in the regenerative response of the liver upon injury and is involved in cellular transformation linked to chronic damage. Hepatic EGFR expression, trafficking, and signaling are regulated by growth hormone (GH). Chronically elevated GH levels are associated with liver cancer development and progression in mice. Studies in different in vivo experimental models indicate that EGF and GH mutually crossregulate in a complex manner. Several factors, such as the extent of exposure to supraphysiological GH levels and the pattern of GH administration, are important variables to be considered in exploring the interplay between the two hormones in connection with the progression of hepatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena González
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María E Díaz
- Universidad Nacional de Luján, CONICET, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Johanna G Miquet
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana I Sotelo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando P Dominici
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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Luo KW, Xia J, Cheng BH, Gao HC, Fu LW, Luo XL. Tea polyphenol EGCG inhibited colorectal-cancer-cell proliferation and migration via downregulation of STAT3. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2020; 9:59-70. [PMID: 33747527 PMCID: PMC7962736 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goaa072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Green tea is a popular beverage worldwide and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most bioactive polyphenol in green tea. Our study aims to investigate the anti-proliferation and anti-migration effects of EGCG against colorectal-cancer SW480, SW620, and LS411N cells, and elucidate the underlying mechanism. Methods The in vitro anti-proliferation and anti-migration effects of EGCG against colon-cancer cells were evaluated using MTT, scratch-wound-healing, and transwell-migration assays. The effects of EGCG on apoptosis were assessed by Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining and JC-1 staining. Besides, Western blotting was employed to detect the protein-expression level and elucidate the underlying pathways. Real-time qPCR and dual-luciferase reporter assay were adopted to determine the mRNA level and promoter activity. Results Our results demonstrated that treatment with EGCG resulted in significant inhibition of cell proliferation by the induction of apoptosis. EGCG also inhibited SW480 cell migration in a dose-dependent manner as assessed by wound-healing and transwell-migration assays. Western blot confirmed that EGCG induced apoptosis by the activation of Caspase-3 and PARP. In addition, both STAT3 and phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) were downregulated significantly by EGCG in three selected colorectal-cancer cell lines. EGCG treatment also resulted in a significant decrease in Bcl-2, MCL-1, and Vimentin, and an increase in E-cadherin. When STAT3 was inhibited, EGCG showed no obvious effect on cell proliferation and migration. Further investigation by luciferase-reporter-activity assay showed that EGCG suppressed the promoter activity of STAT3 and downregulated the transcription of STAT3. Conclusion Our study presents evidence on the anti-proliferation and anti-migration effects of EGCG against colorectal-cancer SW480, SW620, and LS411N cells by downregulating the expression of STAT3 and suggests that EGCG could be an effective and natural supplement for colon-cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Wang Luo
- Key Laboratory, People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Programming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jun Xia
- Key Laboratory, People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Hui Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT, Longgang ENT Hospital and Institute of ENT, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Han-Chao Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Li-Wu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Le Luo
- Key Laboratory, People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
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17
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Potential Therapeutic Targets of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG), the Most Abundant Catechin in Green Tea, and Its Role in the Therapy of Various Types of Cancer. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143146. [PMID: 32660101 PMCID: PMC7397003 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), an active compound of green tea and its role in diseases cure and prevention has been proven. Its role in diseases management can be attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The anti-cancer role of this green tea compound has been confirmed in various types of cancer and is still being under explored. EGCG has been proven to possess a chemopreventive effect through inhibition of carcinogenesis process such as initiation, promotion, and progression. In addition, this catechin has proven its role in cancer management through modulating various cell signaling pathways such as regulating proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and killing of various types of cancer cells. The additive or synergistic effect of epigallocatechin with chemopreventive agents has been verified as it reduces the toxicities and enhances the anti-cancerous effects. Despite its effectiveness and safety, the implications of EGCG in cancer prevention is certainly still discussed due to a poor bioavailability. Several studies have shown the ability to overcome poor bioavailability through nanotechnology-based strategies such as encapsulation, liposome, micelles, nanoparticles and various other formulation. In this review, we encapsulate therapeutic implication of EGCG in cancer management and the mechanisms of action are discussed with an emphasis on human clinical trials.
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Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to characterize the anti-cancer effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in human colon cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 401:115100. [PMID: 32512070 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the main bioactive component in tea (Camellia sinensis) catechins, and exhibits potential antitumor activity against colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unclear. We investigated the effects of EGCG on activities of CRC cells and the exact molecular mechanism. We used human colon cancer cells (HT-29) and exposed them to EGCG at various concentrations. The MTT assay, flow cytometry, and TUNEL staining were used to study the underlying mechanisms of EGCG (proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy). Western blotting was used to measure expression of marker proteins of the cell cycle, apoptosis, and autophagy. Using a combined microarray-based transcriptomic and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF/MS)-based metabolomic approach, we investigated the perturbed pathways induced by EGCG treatment at transcript and metabolite levels. Transcriptomic analyses showed that 486 genes were differentially expressed between untreated and EGCG-treated cells. Also, 88 differentially expressed metabolites were identified between untreated and EGCG-treated cells. The altered metabolites were involved in the metabolism of glutathione, glycerophospholipids, starch, sucrose, amino sugars, and nucleotide sugars. There was substantial agreement between the results of transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses. Our data indicate that the anticancer activity of EGCG against HT-29 cells is mediated by induction of cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy. EGCG modulates cancer-cell metabolic pathways. These results provide a platform for future molecular mechanistic studies of EGCG.
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Sharifi-Rad M, Pezzani R, Redaelli M, Zorzan M, Imran M, Ahmed Khalil A, Salehi B, Sharopov F, Cho WC, Sharifi-Rad J. Preclinical Pharmacological Activities of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate in Signaling Pathways: An Update on Cancer. Molecules 2020; 25:E467. [PMID: 31979082 PMCID: PMC7037968 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the main bioactive component of catechins predominantly present in svarious types of teas. EGCG is well known for a wide spectrum of biological activity as an anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor agent. The effect of EGCG on cell death mechanisms via the induction of apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy has been documented. Moreover, its anti-proliferative and chemopreventive action has been demonstrated in many cancer cell lines. It was also involved in the modulation of cyclooxygenase-2, in oxidative stress and inflammation of different cell processes. EGCG has been reported as a promising target for plasma membrane proteins, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In addition, it has been demonstrated a mechanism of action relying on the inhibition of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, NF-κB, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). EGCG and its derivatives were used in proteasome inhibition and they were involved in epigenetic mechanisms. In summary, EGCG is the most predominant and bioactive constituent of teas and it has a pivotal role in cancer prevention. Its preclinical pharmacological activities are associated with complex molecular mechanisms that involve numerous signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran;
| | - Raffaele Pezzani
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, via Ospedale 105, 35128 Padova, Italy;
- AIROB, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca Oncologica di Base, 35046 Padova, Italy;
| | - Marco Redaelli
- AIROB, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca Oncologica di Base, 35046 Padova, Italy;
- Venetian Institute for Molecular Science and Experimental Technologies, VIMSET, Pz. Milani 4, Liettoli di Campolongo Maggiore (VE), 30010 Venice, Italy
| | - Maira Zorzan
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, via Ospedale 105, 35128 Padova, Italy;
- Venetian Institute for Molecular Science and Experimental Technologies, VIMSET, Pz. Milani 4, Liettoli di Campolongo Maggiore (VE), 30010 Venice, Italy
| | - Muhammad Imran
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (M.I.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Anees Ahmed Khalil
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (M.I.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 44340847, Iran
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Rudaki 139, Dushanbe 734003, Tajikistan
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran
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Belobrov S, Seers C, Reynolds E, Cirillo N, McCullough M. Functional and molecular effects of a green tea constituent on oral cancer cells. J Oral Pathol Med 2019; 48:604-610. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Belobrov
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, Melbourne Dental School The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Christine Seers
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, Melbourne Dental School The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Eric Reynolds
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, Melbourne Dental School The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Nicola Cirillo
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, Melbourne Dental School The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Michael McCullough
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, Melbourne Dental School The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre Melbourne Victoria Australia
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21
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Bommu UD, Konidala KK, Pabbaraju N, Yeguvapalli S. QSAR modeling, pharmacophore-based virtual screening, and ensemble docking insights into predicting potential epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) analogs against epidermal growth factor receptor. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2019; 39:18-27. [DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2018.1564151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Uma Devi Bommu
- Department of Zoology, Division of Cancer Informatics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Kranthi Kumar Konidala
- Department of Zoology, Division of Molecular Physiology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Neeraja Pabbaraju
- Department of Zoology, Division of Molecular Physiology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Suneetha Yeguvapalli
- Department of Zoology, Division of Cancer Informatics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
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22
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Liu C, Li P, Qu Z, Xiong W, Liu A, Zhang S. Advances in the Antagonism of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate in the Treatment of Digestive Tract Tumors. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091726. [PMID: 31058847 PMCID: PMC6539113 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to changes in the dietary structure of individuals, the incidence of digestive tract tumors has increased significantly in recent years, causing a serious threat to the life and health of patients. This has in turn led to an increase in cancer prevention research. Many studies have shown that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), an active ingredient in green tea, is in direct contact with the digestive tract upon ingestion, which allows it to elicit a significant antagonizing effect on digestive tract tumors. The main results of EGCG treatment include the prevention of tumor development in the digestive tract and the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. EGCG can be orally administered, is safe, and combats other resistances. The synergistic use of cancer drugs can promote the efficacy and reduce the anti-allergic properties of drugs, and is thus, favored in medical research. EGCG, however, currently possesses several shortcomings such as poor stability and low bioavailability, and its clinical application prospects need further development. In this paper, we have systematically summarized the research progress on the ability of EGCG to antagonize the activity and mechanism of action of digestive tract tumors, to achieve prevention, alleviation, delay, and even treat human gastrointestinal tract tumors via exogenous dietary EGCG supplementation or the development of new drugs containing EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Penghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Zhihao Qu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Wei Xiong
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Ailing Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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Shirakami Y, Shimizu M. Possible Mechanisms of Green Tea and Its Constituents against Cancer. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092284. [PMID: 30205425 PMCID: PMC6225266 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of epidemiological, clinical, and experimental researches have indicated that administration of green tea appears to have anti-cancer activity. According to findings of laboratory cell culture studies, a diverse mechanism has been observed underlying the effects of green tea catechins against cancer. These mechanisms include anti-oxidant activity, cell cycle regulation, receptor tyrosine kinase pathway inhibition, immune system modulation, and epigenetic modification control. This review discusses the results of these studies to provide more insight into the effects of green tea administration on cancers observed to date in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Shirakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
- Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Masahito Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
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Chen H, Liu RH. Potential Mechanisms of Action of Dietary Phytochemicals for Cancer Prevention by Targeting Cellular Signaling Transduction Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:3260-3276. [PMID: 29498272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a severe health problem that significantly undermines life span and quality. Dietary approach helps provide preventive, nontoxic, and economical strategies against cancer. Increased intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains are linked to reduced risk of cancer and other chronic diseases. The anticancer activities of plant-based foods are related to the actions of phytochemicals. One potential mechanism of action of anticancer phytochemicals is that they regulate cellular signal transduction pathways and hence affects cancer cell behaviors such as proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion. Recent publications have reported phytochemicals to have anticancer activities through targeting a wide variety of cell signaling pathways at different levels, such as transcriptional or post-transcriptional regulation, protein activation and intercellular messaging. In this review, we discuss major groups of phytochemicals and their regulation on cell signaling transduction against carcinogenesis via key participators, such as Nrf2, CYP450, MAPK, Akt, JAK/STAT, Wnt/β-catenin, p53, NF-κB, and cancer-related miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Chen
- Department of Food Science , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853-7201 , United States
- Institute of Edible Fungi , Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Science , Shanghai 201403 , China
| | - Rui Hai Liu
- Department of Food Science , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853-7201 , United States
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Woo SH, Seo SK, Park Y, Kim EK, Seong MK, Kim HA, Song JY, Hwang SG, Lee JK, Noh WC, Park IC. Dichloroacetate potentiates tamoxifen-induced cell death in breast cancer cells via downregulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Oncotarget 2018; 7:59809-59819. [PMID: 27494858 PMCID: PMC5312350 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells has recently been recognized as an essential hallmark of neoplasia. In this context, metabolic alterations represent an attractive therapeutic target, and encouraging results with drugs targeting various metabolic processes have been obtained in preclinical studies. Recently, several studies have suggested that dichloroacetate (DCA), a specific pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor, may be a potential anticancer drug in a large number of diverse tumors. However, the precise mechanism is not fully understood, which is important for the use of DCA in cancer treatment. In the present study, we found that DCA sensitized MCF7 breast cancer cells to tamoxifen-induced cell death by decreasing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression. The downregulation of EGFR was caused by degradation of the protein. Furthermore, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase played an important role in DCA/tamoxifen-induced EGFR degradation. Finally, DCA also promoted comparable tamoxifen-induced cell death in tamoxifen-resistant MCF7 cells, which were established by long-term treatment with tamoxifen. In summary, our results suggest that DCA is an attractive potential drug that sensitizes cells to tamoxifen-induced cell death and overcome tamoxifen resistance via downregulation of EGFR expression in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyeok Woo
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Keum Seo
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonhwa Park
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01812, Republic of Korea.,School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyu Kim
- Department of Surgery, Breast Cancer Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ki Seong
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ah Kim
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Jie-Young Song
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Gu Hwang
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Lee
- KIRAMS Radiation Biobank, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Chul Noh
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Chul Park
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01812, Republic of Korea
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Zhao Y, Hu X, Zuo X, Wang M. Chemopreventive effects of some popular phytochemicals on human colon cancer: a review. Food Funct 2018; 9:4548-4568. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00850g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present review summarizes (1) the epidemiology and etiology of colon cancer, (2) generalized cancer chemoprotective mechanisms, and (3) the chemopreventive properties of some popular phytochemicals as well as some phytochemicals developed by our research group recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueliang Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Shanghai Ocean University
- Shanghai
- China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai)
| | - Xiaoqian Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Shanghai Ocean University
- Shanghai
- China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai)
| | - Xinyuan Zuo
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Panjin City
- China
| | - Mingfu Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Shanghai Ocean University
- Shanghai
- China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai)
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Shirakami Y, Ohnishi M, Sakai H, Tanaka T, Shimizu M. Prevention of Colorectal Cancer by Targeting Obesity-Related Disorders and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050908. [PMID: 28445390 PMCID: PMC5454821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a major healthcare concern worldwide. Many experimental and clinical studies have been conducted to date to discover agents that help in the prevention of this disease. Chronic inflammation in colonic mucosa and obesity, and its related metabolic abnormalities, are considered to increase the risk of colorectal cancer. Therefore, treatments targeting these factors might be a promising strategy to prevent the development of colorectal cancer. Among a number of functional foods, various phytochemicals, including tea catechins, which have anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity properties, and medicinal agents that ameliorate metabolic disorders, might also be beneficial in the prevention of colorectal cancer. In this review article, we summarize the strategies for preventing colorectal cancer by targeting obesity-related disorders and inflammation through nutraceutical and pharmaceutical approaches, and discuss the mechanisms of several phytochemicals and medicinal drugs used in basic and clinical research, especially focusing on the effects of green tea catechins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Shirakami
- Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Masaya Ohnishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Takuji Tanaka
- Department of Pathological Diagnosis, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu 500-8513, Japan.
| | - Masahito Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
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Redondo-Blanco S, Fernández J, Gutiérrez-Del-Río I, Villar CJ, Lombó F. New Insights toward Colorectal Cancer Chemotherapy Using Natural Bioactive Compounds. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:109. [PMID: 28352231 PMCID: PMC5348533 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy consists in the simultaneous administration of a conventional chemotherapy drug (or sometimes, a radiotherapy protocol) together with one or more natural bioactives (usually from plant or fungal origin) of small molecular weight. This combination of anticancer drugs may be applied to cell cultures of tumor cells, or to an animal model for a cancer type (or its xenograft), or to a clinical trial in patients. In this review, we summarize current knowledge describing diverse synergistic effects on colorectal cancer cell cultures, animal models, and clinical trials of various natural bioactives (stilbenes, flavonoids, terpenes, curcumin, and other structural families), which may be important with respect to diminish final doses of the chemotherapy drug, although maintaining its biological effect. This is important as these approaches may help reduce side effects in patients under conventional chemotherapy. Also, these molecules may exerts their synergistic effects via different cell cycle pathways, including different ones to those responsible of resistance phenotypes: transcription factors, membrane receptors, adhesion and structural molecules, cell cycle regulatory components, and apoptosis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Redondo-Blanco
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ignacio Gutiérrez-Del-Río
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
| | - Claudio J Villar
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
| | - Felipe Lombó
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
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ErbB Proteins as Molecular Target of Dietary Phytochemicals in Malignant Diseases. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2017; 2017:1532534. [PMID: 28286519 PMCID: PMC5327764 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1532534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
ErbB proteins overexpression, in both normal and mutated forms, is associated with invasive forms of cancer prone to metastasis and with stronger antiapoptotic mechanisms and therefore more challenging to treat. Downstream effectors of ErbB receptors mediating these phenotypic traits include MAPK, STAT, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. Various phytochemical compounds were studied for their large number of biological effects including anticancer activity. Among these compounds, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the main catechin from green tea leaves, and curcumin, component of the curry powder, constituted the object of numerous studies. Both compounds were shown to act directly either on ErbB expression, or on their downstream signaling molecules. In this paper we aim to review the involvement of ErbB proteins in cancer as well as the biologic activity of EGCG and curcumin in ErbB expressing and overexpressing malignancies. The problems arising in the administration of the two compounds due to their reduced bioavailability when orally administered, as well as the progress made in this field, from using novel formulations to improved dosing regimens or improved synthetic analogs, are also discussed.
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Shin CM, Lee DH, Seo AY, Lee HJ, Kim SB, Son WC, Kim YK, Lee SJ, Park SH, Kim N, Park YS, Yoon H. Green tea extracts for the prevention of metachronous colorectal polyps among patients who underwent endoscopic removal of colorectal adenomas: A randomized clinical trial. Clin Nutr 2017; 37:452-458. [PMID: 28209333 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the preventive effect of green tea extract (GTE) supplements on metachronous colorectal adenoma and cancer in the Korean population. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred seventy-six subjects (88 per each group) who had undergone complete removal of colorectal adenomas by endoscopic polypectomy were enrolled. They were randomized into 2 groups: supplementation group (0.9 g GTE per day for 12 months) or control group without GTE supplementation. The 72-h recall method was used to collect data on food items consumed by participants at baseline and the 1-year follow-up during the past 48 h. Follow-up colonoscopy was conducted 12 months later in 143 patients (71 in control group and 72 in the GTE group). RESULTS Of the 143 patients completed in the study, the incidences of metachronous adenomas at the end-point colonoscopy were 42.3% (30 of 71) in control group and 23.6% (17 of 72) in GTE group (relative risk [RR], 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34-0.92). The number of relapsed adenoma was also decreased in the GTE group than in the control group (0.7 ± 1.1 vs. 0.3 ± 0.6, p = 0.010). However, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of body mass index, dietary intakes, serum lipid profiles, fasting serum glucose, and serum C-reactive protein levels (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSION This study of GTE supplement suggests a favorable outcome for the chemoprevention of metachronous colorectal adenomas in Korean patients (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02321969).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
| | - A Young Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea; Health Promotion Center, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Seong Beom Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Woo-Chan Son
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Kyung Kim
- Beauty in Longevity Science Research Division, AmorePacific Co., R&D Center, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Sang Jun Lee
- Beauty in Longevity Science Research Division, AmorePacific Co., R&D Center, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea; Holistic Bio Co., Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Park
- Beauty in Longevity Science Research Division, AmorePacific Co., R&D Center, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
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Cornwall S, Cull G, Joske D, Ghassemifar R. Green tea polyphenol "epigallocatechin-3-gallate", differentially induces apoptosis in CLL B-and T-Cells but not in healthy B-and T-Cells in a dose dependant manner. Leuk Res 2016; 51:56-61. [PMID: 27855324 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is characterized by an accumulation of CD5-positive monoclonal B-cells due in large part to a failure of apoptosis. The ability to study CLL B-cells in vitro has always been a challenge and hampered by the low viability of the CLL B-cells in cell culture systems. In this study, we present a multicellular cell culture system to maintain CLL B-cells viable in culture for 60h in the presence of a stromal cell feeder layer in combination with a whole white blood cell preparation. Using this optimized system, we tested and showed that the addition of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) at concentrations ranging from 25 to 100μg/ml induced apoptosis in CLL B-cells whilst not affecting healthy control B-cells. Moreover, the results showed that in contrast to healthy controls, T-cells from CLL patients underwent apoptosis in the presence of EGCG. This study demonstrated that the combination of a cell feeder layer with a whole white blood cell preparation maintained B-cell viability in vitro over an extended period of time. In addition, the study showed that EGCG differentially induces apoptosis in CLL B-and T-Cells but not in healthy B-and T-Cells in a dose dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Cornwall
- Department of Haematology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gavin Cull
- Department of Haematology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Haematology Department, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Joske
- Department of Haematology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Haematology Department, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Reza Ghassemifar
- Department of Haematology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
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Ullah N, Ahmad M, Aslam H, Tahir MA, Aftab M, Bibi N, Ahmad S. Green tea phytocompounds as anticancer: A review. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)61040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ohno T, Ohtani M, Suto H, Ohta M, Imamura Y, Matsuda H, Hiramatsu K, Nemoto T, Nakamoto Y. Effect of green tea catechins on gastric mucosal dysplasia in insulin-gastrin mice. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:3241-7. [PMID: 27035882 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea catechins (GTCs) have been implicated in various physiological effects, including anti-carcinogenic activities. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of GTCs specifically on the development of gastritis and pre-malignant lesions in insulin-gastrin mice. Nine-week-old male INS-GAS mice (n=38) were supplemented with GTCs for 4 and 28 weeks, and their body weights, serum gastrin levels, histopathology and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in gastric tissue and mucosal cell proliferation were monitored. Body weights of the GTC-treated mice were significantly lower than those of the untreated controls (P≤0.05). Serum gastrin levels were suppressed at the age of 37-weeks (P≤0.05). The histopathological scores indicated that the extent of dysplasia was significantly diminished (P≤0.05), although GTC supplementation did not affect the inflammation scores. The messenger RNA levels of interferon (IFN)-γ were significantly reduced at the age of 13 weeks (P≤0.05), although the changes did not reach statistical significance at the age of 37 weeks (P=0.056). The labeling index of Ki-67 immunohistochemistry was significantly decreased (P≤0.05). These results demonstrated that GTCs may play a protective role in the development of gastritis and pre-malignant lesions via an IFN-γ, gastrin, and mucosal cell proliferation-dependent mechanism in this rodent model and potentially in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ohno
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ohtani
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohta
- Division of Surgical Pathology, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Imamura
- Division of Surgical Pathology, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Matsuda
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Katsushi Hiramatsu
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nemoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Yasunari Nakamoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
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Butt MS, Ahmad RS, Sultan MT, Qayyum MMN, Naz A. Green tea and anticancer perspectives: updates from last decade. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 55:792-805. [PMID: 24915354 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.680205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Green tea is the most widely consumed beverage besides water and has attained significant attention owing to health benefits against array of maladies, e.g., obesity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer insurgence. The major bioactive molecules are epigallocatechin-3-gallate, epicatechin, epicatechin-3-gallate, epigallocatechin, etc. The anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic activities of green tea were highlighted some years ago. Several cohort studies and controlled randomized trials suggested the inverse association of green tea consumption and cancer prevalence. Cell culture and animal studies depicted the mechanisms of green tea to control cancer insurgence, i.e., induction of apoptosis to control cell growth arrest, altered expression of cell-cycle regulatory proteins, activation of killer caspases, and suppression of nuclear factor kappa-B activation. It acts as carcinoma blocker by modulating the signal transduction pathways involved in cell proliferation, transformation, inflammation, and metastasis. However, results generated from some research interventions conducted in different groups like smokers and nonsmokers, etc. contradicted with aforementioned anticancer perspectives. In this review paper, anticancer perspectives of green tea and its components have been described. Recent findings and literature have been surfed and arguments are presented to clarify the ambiguities regarding anticancer perspectives of green tea and its component especially against colon, skin, lung, prostate, and breast cancer. The heading of discussion and future trends is limelight of the manuscript. The compiled manuscript provides new avenues for researchers to be explored in relation to green tea and its bioactive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood Sadiq Butt
- a National Institute of Food Science and Technology , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan
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Shirakami Y, Sakai H, Kochi T, Seishima M, Shimizu M. Catechins and Its Role in Chronic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 929:67-90. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41342-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Kim KK, Han A, Yano N, Ribeiro JR, Lokich E, Singh RK, Moore RG. Tetrathiomolybdate mediates cisplatin-induced p38 signaling and EGFR degradation and enhances response to cisplatin therapy in gynecologic cancers. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15911. [PMID: 26568478 PMCID: PMC4644948 DOI: 10.1038/srep15911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin and its analogs are among the most widely used chemotherapeutic agents against various types of cancer. It is known that cisplatin can activate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which may provide a survival benefit in cancers. Tetrathiomolybdate (TM) is a potent anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic agent and has been investigated in a number of clinical trials for cancer. In this study, we explore the therapeutic potential of TM on cisplatin-mediated EGFR regulation. Our study shows that TM is not cytotoxic, but exerts an anti-proliferative effect in ECC-1 cells. However, TM treatment prior to cisplatin markedly improves cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity. TM suppressed cisplatin-induced activation of EGFR while potentiating activation of p38; the activation of p38 signaling appeared to promote cisplatin-induced EGFR degradation. These results are in contrast to what we saw when cells were co-treated with cisplatin plus an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, where receptor activation was inhibited but receptor degradation was also blocked. Our current study is in agreement with previous findings that TM may have a therapeutic benefit by inhibiting EGFR activation. We furthermore provide evidence that TM may provide an additional benefit by potentiating p38 activation following cisplatin treatment, which may in turn promote receptor degradation by cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Kwang Kim
- Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Program in Women's Oncology, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Alex Han
- Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Program in Women's Oncology, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Naohiro Yano
- Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Program in Women's Oncology, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jennifer R Ribeiro
- Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Program in Women's Oncology, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Elizabeth Lokich
- Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Program in Women's Oncology, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Program in Women's Oncology, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Richard G Moore
- Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Program in Women's Oncology, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Yu XD, Guo ZS. Epigenetic drugs for cancer treatment and prevention: mechanisms of action. Biomol Concepts 2015; 1:239-51. [PMID: 25962000 DOI: 10.1515/bmc.2010.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides a brief overview of the basic principles of epigenetic gene regulation and then focuses on recent development of epigenetic drugs for cancer treatment and prevention with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms of action. The approved epigenetic drugs are either inhibitors of DNA methyltransferases or histone deacetylases (HDACs). Future epigenetic drugs could include inhibitors for histone methyltransferases and histone demethylases and other epigenetic enzymes. Epigenetic drugs often function in two separate yet interrelated ways. First, as epigenetic drugs per se, they modulate the epigenomes of premalignant and malignant cells to reverse deregulated epigenetic mechanisms, leading to an effective therapeutic strategy (epigenetic therapy). Second, HDACs and other epigenetic enzymes also target non-histone proteins that have regulatory roles in cell proliferation, migration and cell death. Through these processes, these drugs induce cancer cell growth arrest, cell differentiation, inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, or cell death via apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy or mitotic catastrophe (chemotherapy). As they modulate genes which lead to enhanced chemosensitivity, immunogenicity or dampened innate antiviral response of cancer cells, epigenetic drugs often show better efficacy when combined with chemotherapy, immunotherapy or oncolytic virotherapy. In chemoprevention, dietary phytochemicals such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate and sulforaphane act as epigenetic agents and show efficacy by targeting both cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment. Further understanding of how epigenetic mechanisms function in carcinogenesis and cancer progression as well as in normal physiology will enable us to establish a new paradigm for intelligent drug design in the treatment and prevention of cancer.
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Lee JC, Chung LC, Chen YJ, Feng TH, Chen WT, Juang HH. Upregulation of B-cell translocation gene 2 by epigallocatechin-3-gallate via p38 and ERK signaling blocks cell proliferation in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Cancer Lett 2015; 360:310-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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In vitro and in vivo antitumoral effects of combinations of polyphenols, or polyphenols and anticancer drugs: perspectives on cancer treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:9236-82. [PMID: 25918934 PMCID: PMC4463587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16059236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is a multistep process triggered by genetic alterations that activate different signal transduction pathways and cause the progressive transformation of a normal cell into a cancer cell. Polyphenols, compounds ubiquitously expressed in plants, have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, and immunomodulatory properties, all of which are beneficial to human health. Due to their ability to modulate the activity of multiple targets involved in carcinogenesis through direct interaction or modulation of gene expression, polyphenols can be employed to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. However, the main problem related to the use of polyphenols as anticancer agents is their poor bioavailability, which might hinder the in vivo effects of the single compound. In fact, polyphenols have a poor absorption and biodistribution, but also a fast metabolism and excretion in the human body. The poor bioavailability of a polyphenol will affect the effective dose delivered to cancer cells. One way to counteract this drawback could be combination treatment with different polyphenols or with polyphenols and other anti-cancer drugs, which can lead to more effective antitumor effects than treatment using only one of the compounds. This report reviews current knowledge on the anticancer effects of combinations of polyphenols or polyphenols and anticancer drugs, with a focus on their ability to modulate multiple signaling transduction pathways involved in cancer.
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40
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Targeting epidermal growth factor receptors and downstream signaling pathways in cancer by phytochemicals. Target Oncol 2014; 10:337-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s11523-014-0339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Dickinson D, DeRossi S, Yu H, Thomas C, Kragor C, Paquin B, Hahn E, Ohno S, Yamamoto T, Hsu S. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate modulates anti-oxidant defense enzyme expression in murine submandibular and pancreatic exocrine gland cells and human HSG cells. Autoimmunity 2014; 47:177-84. [PMID: 24444391 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2013.879470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Sjogren's syndrome (SS) and type-1 diabetes are prevalent autoimmune diseases in the USA. We reported previously that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) prevented and delayed the onset of autoimmune disease in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, a model for both SS and type-1 diabetes. EGCG also normalized the levels of proteins related to DNA repair and anti-oxidant activity in NOD.B10.Sn-H2 mice, a model for primary SS, prior to disease onset. The current study examined the effect of EGCG on the expression of anti-oxidant enzymes in the submandibular salivary gland and the pancreas of NOD mice and cultured human salivary gland acinar cells. NOD mice consuming 0.2% EGCG daily dissolved in water showed higher protein levels of peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6), a major anti-oxidant defense protein, and catalase, while the untreated NOD mice exhibited significantly lowered levels of PRDX6. Similarly, pancreas samples from water-fed NOD mice were depleted in PRDX6 and superoxide dismutase, while EGCG-fed mice showed high levels of these anti-oxidant enzymes. In cultured HSG cells EGCG increased PRDX6 levels significantly, and this was inhibited by p38 and JNK inhibitors, suggesting that the EGCG-mediated increase in protective anti-oxidant capacity is regulated in part through mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway signaling. This mechanism may explain the higher levels of PRDX6 found in EGCG-fed NOD mice. These preclinical observations warrant future preclinical and clinical studies to determine whether EGCG or green tea polyphenols could be used in novel preventive and therapeutic approaches against autoimmune diseases and salivary dysfunction involving oxidative stress.
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Ranzato E, Martinotti S, Magnelli V, Murer B, Biffo S, Mutti L, Burlando B. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces mesothelioma cell death via H2 O2 -dependent T-type Ca2+ channel opening. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 16:2667-78. [PMID: 22564432 PMCID: PMC4118235 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01584.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MMe) is a highly aggressive, lethal tumour requiring the development of more effective therapies. The green tea polyphenol epigallocathechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibits the growth of many types of cancer cells. We found that EGCG is selectively cytotoxic to MMe cells with respect to normal mesothelial cells. MMe cell viability was inhibited by predominant induction of apoptosis at lower doses and necrosis at higher doses. EGCG elicited H2O2 release in cell cultures, and exogenous catalase (CAT) abrogated EGCG-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis and necrosis. Confocal imaging of fluo 3-loaded, EGCG-exposed MMe cells showed significant [Ca2+]i rise, prevented by CAT, dithiothreitol or the T-type Ca2+ channel blockers mibefradil and NiCl2. Cell loading with dihydrorhodamine 123 revealed EGCG-induced ROS production, prevented by CAT, mibefradil or the Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM. Direct exposure of cells to H2O2 produced similar effects on Ca2+ and ROS, and these effects were prevented by the same inhibitors. Sensitivity of REN cells to EGCG was correlated with higher expression of Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels in these cells, compared to normal mesothelium. Also, Cav3.2 siRNA on MMe cells reduced in vitro EGCG cytotoxicity and abated apoptosis and necrosis. Intriguingly, Cav3.2 expression was observed in malignant pleural mesothelioma biopsies from patients, but not in normal pleura. In conclusion, data showed the expression of T-type Ca2+ channels in MMe tissue and their role in EGCG selective cytotoxicity to MMe cells, suggesting the possible use of these channels as a novel MMe pharmacological target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Ranzato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, DiSIT, University of Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Alessandria, Italy.
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Ma YC, Li C, Gao F, Xu Y, Jiang ZB, Liu JX, Jin LY. Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits the growth of human lung cancer by directly targeting the EGFR signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:1343-9. [PMID: 24366444 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the major biologically active compound in green tea, is a well-known chemoprevention agent. Although several reports have shown that EGCG exerts its anticancer activity by targeting specific cell signaling pathways, the underlying molecular mechanism(s) are only partially understood. In the present study, we report that EGCG had a profound antiproliferative effect on human lung cancer cells. EGCG inhibited anchorage-independent growth and induced cell cycle G0/G1 phase arrest. The mechanism underlying EGCG antitumor potency was mainly dependent on suppression of the EGFR signaling pathway. Short-term EGCG exposure substantially decreased EGF-induced EGFR, AKT and ERK1/2 activation. Moreover, long-term EGCG treatment not only inhibited total and membranous EGFR expression, but also markedly attenuated EGFR nuclear localization and expression of the downstream target gene cyclin D1, indicating that EGCG treatment suppressed EGFR transactivation. Additionally, knockdown of EGFR in lung cancer cells decreased their sensitivity to EGCG. Thus, inhibition of the EGFR signaling pathway may partly contribute to the anticancer activity of EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chao Ma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P.R. China
| | - Cui Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Bin Jiang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P.R. China
| | - Long-Yu Jin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P.R. China
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De Cesare M, Lauricella C, Veronese SM, Cominetti D, Pisano C, Zunino F, Zaffaroni N, Zuco V. Synergistic antitumor activity of cetuximab and namitecan in human squamous cell carcinoma models relies on cooperative inhibition of EGFR expression and depends on high EGFR gene copy number. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 20:995-1006. [PMID: 24327272 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the frequent overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), the efficacy of cetuximab alone is limited. Given the marked activity of namitecan, a hydrophilic camptothecin, against SCC models, the present study was performed to explore the efficacy of the cetuximab-namitecan combination in a panel of SCC models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We examined the antiproliferative and antitumor activities of the cetuximab-namitecan combination in four SCC models characterized by a different EGFR gene copy number/EGFR protein level. We also assessed the effects of the combination on EGFR expression at both mRNA and protein levels and investigated the molecular basis of the interaction between the two agents. RESULTS Cetuximab and namitecan exhibited synergistic effects, resulting in potentiation of cell growth inhibition and, most importantly, enhanced therapeutic efficacy, with high cure rates in three SCC models characterized by high EGFR gene copy number, without increasing toxicity. The synergistic antitumor effect was also observed with the cetuximab-irinotecan combination. At the molecular level, the two agents produced a cooperative effect resulting in complete downregulation of EGFR. Interestingly, when singly administered, the camptothecin was able to strongly decrease EGFR expression mainly by transcriptional inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Our results (i) demonstrate a marked efficacy of the cetuximab-namitecan combination, which reflects a complete abrogation of EGFR expression as a critical determinant of the therapeutic improvement, in SCC preclinical models, and (ii) suggest EGFR gene copy number as a possible marker to be used for patient selection in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelandrea De Cesare
- Authors' Affiliations: Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori; Molecular Pathology Unit, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Grande, Milan; and Sigma-Tau S.p.A., Pomezia, Italy
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Min KJ, Kwon TK. Anticancer effects and molecular mechanisms of epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Integr Med Res 2013; 3:16-24. [PMID: 28664074 PMCID: PMC5481703 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a type of catechin found in green tea. EGCG exhibits a variety of activities, including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetes, antiobesity, and antitumor. In this review, we focus on the antitumor effects of EGCG. EGCG inhibits carcinogen activity, tumorigenesis, proliferation, and angiogenesis, and induces cell death. These effects are associated with modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Although EGCG has a dual function of antioxidant and pro-oxidant potential, EGCG-mediated modulation of ROS production is reported to be responsible for its anticancer effects. The EGCG-mediated inhibition of nuclear factor-κB signaling is also associated with inhibition of migration, angiogenesis, and cell viability. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases activity upregulates the anticancer effect of EGCG on migration, invasion, and apoptosis. In addition, EGCG could also induce epigenetic modification by inhibition of DNA methyltransferase activity and regulation of acetylation on histone, leading to an upregulation of apoptosis. Although EGCG promotes strong anticancer effects by multiple mechanisms, further studies are needed to define the use of EGCG in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-jin Min
- Corresponding authors. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 2800 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 704-701, Korea.
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Corresponding authors. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 2800 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 704-701, Korea.
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Wang WJ, Shi XX, Liu YW, He YQ, Wang YZ, Yang CX, Gao F. The mechanism underlying the effects of the cell surface ATP synthase on the regulation of intracellular acidification during acidosis. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:1695-703. [PMID: 23386430 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The F1F0 ATP synthase has recently become the focus of anti-cancer research. It was once thought that ATP synthases were located strictly on the inner mitochondrial membrane; however, in 1994, it was found that some ATP synthases localized to the cell surface. The cell surface ATP synthases are involved in angiogenesis, lipoprotein metabolism, innate immunity, hypertension, the regulation of food intake, and other processes. Inhibitors of this synthase have been reported to be cytotoxic and to induce intracellular acidification. However, the mechanisms by which these effects are mediated and the molecular pathways that are involved remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the inhibition of cell proliferation and the induction of cell apoptosis that are induced by inhibitors of the cell surface ATP synthase are associated with intracellular acidification and to investigate the mechanism that underlines the effects of this inhibition, particularly in an acidic tumor environment. We demonstrated that intracellular acidification contributes to the cell proliferation inhibition that is mediated by cell surface ATP synthase inhibitors, but not to the induction of apoptosis. Intracellular acidification is only one of the mechanisms of ecto-ATP synthase-targeted antitumor drugs. We propose that intracellular acidification in combination with the inhibition of cell surface ATP generation induce cell apoptosis after cell surface ATP synthase blocked by its inhibitors. A better understanding of the mechanisms activated by ecto-ATP synthase-targeted cancer therapies may facilitate the development of potent anti-tumor therapies, which target this enzyme and do not exhibit clinical limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-juan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China
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Jin H, Gong W, Zhang C, Wang S. Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells by regulating Notch signaling. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:145-53. [PMID: 23525843 PMCID: PMC3596123 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s40914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To explore the inhibitory effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells and on the gene expression of Notch signaling. METHODS The colorectal cancer cells and orthotopic colorectal cancer transplant model were treated with EGCG, and MTT assay was used to test the inhibitory role of EGCG in the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. RESULTS MTT assay indicated that EGCG inhibited the proliferation of these four cell lines when the time and concentration increased, and EGCG enhanced the apoptotic rate of these four cell lines. The dosage was positively correlated to the apoptotic rate, and EGCG inhibited the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells by influencing cell cycle. In-vivo study suggested that on the seventh day, the volume of tumors reduced after administrating with 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg of EGCG. At the twenty-eighth day, the volume of tumors was significantly different in three EGCG treatment groups as compared to the control group (P < 0.05), and TUNEL assay indicated that the apoptosis of cancer cells in EGCG treated groups was markedly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). In these cell lines, the expressions of HES1 and Notch2 in EGCG treated groups were remarkably lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The expression of JAG1 decreased in SW480 cells (P =0.019), HT-29 cells and HCT-8 cells, but increased in LoVo cells at mRNA level. The expression of Notch1 was upregulated in these four cell lines, but its expression was significantly upregulated only in LoVo and SW480 cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In-vitro and in-vivo studies showed that EGCG inhibited the proliferation, induced the apoptosis and affected the cell cycle of colorectal cancer cells. After treating with EGCG, the expressions of HES1 and Notch2 was obviously inhibited, this indicated that EGCG inhibited colorectal cancer by inhibiting HES1 and Notch2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiying Jin
- National Center of Colorectal Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Chun KS, Kim EH, Lee S, Hahm KB. Chemoprevention of gastrointestinal cancer: the reality and the dream. Gut Liver 2013; 7:137-49. [PMID: 23560148 PMCID: PMC3607766 DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2013.7.2.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial progress in screening, early diagnosis, and the development of noninvasive technology, gastrointestinal (GI) cancer remains a major cause of cancer-associated mortality. Chemoprevention is thought to be a realistic approach for reducing the global burden of GI cancer, and efforts have been made to search for chemopreventive agents that suppress acid reflux, GI inflammation and the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Thus, proton pump inhibitors, statins, monoclonal antibodies targeting tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents have been investigated for their potential to prevent GI cancer. Besides the development of these synthetic agents, a wide variety of the natural products present in a plant-based diet, which are commonly called phytoceuticals, have also sparked hope for the chemoprevention of GI cancer. To perform successful searches of chemopreventive agents for GI cancer, it is of the utmost importance to understand the factors contributing to GI carcinogenesis. Emerging evidence has highlighted the role of chronic inflammation in inducing genomic instability and telomere shortening and affecting polyamine metabolism and DNA repair, which may help in the search for new chemopreventive agents for GI cancer.
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Kawaguchi J, Adachi S, Yasuda I, Yamauchi T, Nakashima M, Ohno T, Shimizu M, Yoshioka T, Itani M, Kozawa O, Moriwaki H. Cisplatin and ultra-violet-C synergistically down-regulate receptor tyrosine kinases in human colorectal cancer cells. Mol Cancer 2012; 11:45. [PMID: 22788833 PMCID: PMC3477093 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-11-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platinum-containing anti-cancer drugs such as cisplatin are widely used for patients with various types of cancers, however, resistance to cisplatin is observed in some cases. Whereas we have recently reported that high dose UV-C (200 J/m²) induces colorectal cancer cell proliferation by desensitization of EGFR, which leads oncogenic signaling in these cells, in this study we investigated the combination effect of low dose cisplatin (10 μM) and low dose UV-C (10 J/m²) on cell growth and apoptosis in several human colorectal cancer cells, SW480, DLD-1, HT29 and HCT116. Results The combination inhibited cell cycle and colony formation, while either cisplatin or UV-C alone had little effect. The combination also induced apoptosis in these cells. In addition, the combination caused the downregulation of EGFR and HER2. Moreover, UV-C alone caused the transient internalization of the EGFR, but with time EGFR recycled back to the cell surface, while cisplatin did not affect its localization. Surprisingly, the combination caused persistent internalization of the EGFR, which results in the lasting downregulation of the EGFR. Conclusions The combination of low dose cisplatin and low dose UV-C synergistically exerted anti-cancer effect by down-regulating RTK, such as EGFR and HER2. These findings may provide a novel strategy for the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Kawaguchi
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
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Thakur VS, Gupta K, Gupta S. The chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic potentials of tea polyphenols. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2012; 13:191-9. [PMID: 21466438 DOI: 10.2174/138920112798868584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2010] [Revised: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tea is the second most consumed beverage in the world reported to have multiple health benefits. Preventive and therapeutic benefits of tea polyphenols include enhanced general well being and anti-neoplastic effects. The pharmacologic action of tea is often attributed to various catechins present therein. Experiments conducted in cancer cell lines and animal models demonstrate that tea polyphenols protect against cellular damage caused by oxidative stress and altered immunity. Tea polyphenols modify various metabolic and signaling pathways in the regulation of proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis and therefore restrict clonal expansion of cancer cells. Tea polyphenols have been shown to reactivate tumor suppressors, block the unlimited replicative potential of cancer cells, and physically bind to nucleic acids involved in epigenetic alterations of gene regulation. Remarkable interest in green tea as a potential chemopreventive agent has been generated since recent epigenetic data showed that tea polyphenols have the potential to reverse epigenetic modifications which might otherwise be carcinogenic. Like green tea, black tea may also possess chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic potential; however, there is still not enough evidence available to make any conclusive statements. Here we present a brief description of tea polyphenols and discuss the findings of various in vitro and in vivo studies of the anticancer effects of tea polyphenols. Detailed discussion of various studies related to epigenetic changes caused by tea polyphenols leading to prevention of oncogenesis or cancer progression is included. Finally, we discuss on the scope and development of tea polyphenols in cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay S Thakur
- Department of Urology & Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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